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COMMUNITY-BASED MONITORING SYSTEM (CBMS): AN OVERVIEW CELIA M. REYES CBMS NETWORK LEADER 2017 PEP MEETING, NAIROBI, KENYA
BACKGROUND ON CBMS
The Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS) is an organized process of data collection and processing at the local level and of integration of data in local planning, program implementation and impact-monitoring.
It is system that promotes evidence-based policymaking and program implementation while empowering communities to participate in the process.
CBMS is a tool designed in 1993 to provide policymakers with a good information base for tracking the impacts of various economic reforms and policy shocks on the vulnerable groups in the society
CBMS methodology, instruments and training modules were developed over the years by the CBMS Network Team with support from the International Development Research Centre (IDRC)-Canada and UK-Department for International Development among other partners.
RATIONALE FOR CBMS
Local government code was passed in 1991 in the Philippines. This law devolves many functions to the local governments. This increased the demand for more disaggregated data to support local level planning and budgeting.
There has been a focus on targeted interventions due to limited funds. This required information at the household level to identify eligible beneficiaries.
CBMS was designed in 1993 and pilot-tested in 1995 in the Philippines.
THE WHO, THE WHERE AND THE WHY OF POVERTY: SOME ISSUES AND CONCERNS IN THE CASE OF PHILIPPINES
Official statistics are reliable down to the regional and provincial levels only (i.e. the sampling design of many of these surveys provide estimates of the variables only at the provincial level.)
The collection of data is few and far in between, and processing adds a few more years so that its usefulness for policy and program design diminishes.
Data comes from different surveys and censuses so that it is not possible to come up with a comprehensive picture of the different dimensions of poverty for a particular household at a given point in time.
And yet, local government units, in decentralized structure of government, are the front-liners in the fight against poverty and are mandated to assume the primary responsibility for the provision of basic services and facilities and the improvement of the quality of life of their constituents.
Available Sources of
Data
Implementing
Agency
Frequency of
Collection
Data Obtained
Family Income and
Expenditures Survey
(FIES)
Philippine Statistics
Authority
Every 3 years Family income and living expenditures and
related information affecting income and
expenditure levels and patterns in the
Philippines including poverty incidence
Annual Poverty
Indicator Survey
(APIS)
Philippine Statistics
Authority
Every year wherein
FIES is not
conducted
Socioeconomic profiles of families and other
information relating to their living conditions but
not poverty incidence
National Nutritional
Survey (NNS)
FNRI Every 5 years Food situation and nutritional status of the
population
Census of
Population and
Housing (CPH)
Philippine Statistics
Authority
Every 10 years Size, composition and distribution of population
in the Philippines
Functional Literacy,
Education and Mass
Media Survey
(FLEMMS)
Philippine Statistics
Authority
Irregular Number of functionally literate population and
their socioeconomic characteristics
National
Demographic and
Health Survey
(NDHS)
Philippine Statistics
Authority
Every 5 years Demographic, maternal and child health issues
in the Philippines
Labor Force Survey
(LFS)
Philippine Statistics
Authority
Every quarter of the
year
Levels and trends of employment,
unemployment and underemployment
Sources of Data in the Philippines
Available Sources of Data Data Obtained Poverty Dimension
Family Income and
Expenditures Survey
(FIES)
Family income and living expenditures
and related information affecting
income and expenditure levels and
patterns in the Philippines including
poverty incidence
Income
Housing
Tenure
Water
Sanitation
Education
Annual Poverty Indicator
Survey (APIS)
Socioeconomic profiles of families and
other information relating to their living
conditions but not poverty incidence
Housing
Tenure
Water
Sanitation
Education
National Nutritional
Survey (NNS)
Food situation and nutritional status of
the population
Nutrition
Census of Population
and Housing (CPH)
Size, composition and distribution of
population in the Philippines
Functional Literacy,
Education and Mass
Media Survey (FLEMMS)
Number of functionally literate
population and their socioeconomic
characteristics
Education
National Demographic
and Health Survey
(NDHS)
Demographic, maternal and child
health issues in the Philippines
Health
Housing
Water
Sanitation
Labor Force Survey (LFS) Levels and trends of employment,
unemployment and underemployment
Employment/Job
Sources of Data in the Philippines
BACKGROUND ON CBMS
National /Regional
Provincial
Municipal/City
Village/Barangay
Administrative
Structure Information Availability CBMS can fill
the gap
National surveys
CBMS
Resource constraints and distributive objectives increase the
demand for local data that can support targeting schemes
CBMS Responds to:
Lack of necessary disaggregated data for:
Diagnosing extent of poverty at the local level
Determining the causes of poverty
Formulating appropriate policies and program
Identifying eligible beneficiaries
Assessing impact of policies and programs
Need for support mechanisms for the implementation of the decentralization policy
CBMS facilitates greater transparency and accountability in local governance
Targeting of Interventions
CBMS can identify who and
where the poor are and what
are their needs
CBMS directs assistance to
those who need it most
KEY FEATURES OF CBMS
Involves a census of all households in a community
Local government unit (LGU)-based while promoting
community participation
Taps existing LGU-personnel/community members as
monitors
Generates a core set of indicators that are being measured
to determine the welfare status of the population. These
indicators capture the multidimensional aspects of poverty
Uses freeware customized for CBMS-data collection,
processing and poverty mapping
Establishes database at each geopolitical level
CBMS Core Indicators of Poverty
Dimension Indicator
Health and
Nutrition
Proportion of children under 5 who died Health poor
Proportion of women who died due to pregnancy
related causes
Proportion of children aged 0-5 who are malnourished Nutrition poor
Housing Proportion of households in makeshift housing Housing poor
Proportion of households who are informal settlers Tenure poor
Water and
Sanitation
Proportion of households without access to safe water
supply
Water poor
Proportion of households without access to sanitary
toilet facilities
Toilet poor
CBMS Core Indicators of Poverty Dimension Indicator
Education
Proportion of children 6-11 years old who are not
attending elementary school
Education
poor
Proportion of children 12-15 years old who are not
attending secondary school
Proportion of children 6-15 years old who are not
attending school
Income and
Hunger
Proportion of households with income below the poverty
threshold Income poor
Proportion of households with income below the food
threshold
Income poor
(extreme)
Proportion of households who experienced hunger due to
food shortage Food poor
Employment Proportion of persons in the labor force who are
unemployed Job Poor
Peace and
Order Proportion of persons who are victims of crime Security Poor
CBMS Instruments: Data Collection
CBMS Household Profile Questionnaire
(CBMS HPQ)
12 page-form
CBMS Barangay Profile Questionnaire
(CBMS BPQ)
6 page-form
Data Collected through the CBMS-BPQ
physical and demographic characteristics of the village
(barangay)
demographic reference
service institutions and infrastructure
disaster risk reduction and preparedness
peace and order
programs, projects and activities
budget, revenue and expenditure
Data Collected through the CBMS-HPQ
household/member characteristics
education
political and community participation
health and nutrition
income, employment and livelihood
housing and tenure, water sources and sanitation
migration
impacts of climate change
access to programs
CBMS Accelerated Poverty Profiling (CBMS APP) Developed by the CBMS Network Team, the CBMS APP
is an organized, systematic and efficient process of use
of latest information and communication technology
tools e.g. tablets , and the standard CBMS instruments
for data collection (CBMS SCAN), processing (CBMS
STATSIM), poverty mapping (QGIS) and data
management tools.
Data is transmitted and managed and accessed through
the CBMS Portal.
Latest innovations are online processing for core
indicators of poverty and SDGs and generation of
infographics.
CBMS APP Data collection with encoding and
GPS reading: CBMS Scan and
Portal
Data Processing: CBMS
StatSimPro and online
processing
Poverty Mapping: Quantum GIS
(QGIS)
CBMS
Scan and
Portal
QGIS
CBMS
StatSimPro
These 3 software are provided to LGU partners implementing CBMS for FREE
CBMS APP As of June 2016, the CBMS PORTAL has
Data for 12 countries
Data for more than 3M households
14,209 registered devices
15,273 registered users
320 local government units
CBMS
Scan and
Portal
QGIS
CBMS
StatSimPro
These 3 softwares are provided to LGU partners implementing CBMS for FREE
CBMS APP: Data Collection Using CBMS SCAN
CBMS SCAN
uses Android
mobile devices
in collecting
household
census data
CBMS APP: Managing the Data in the CBMS PORTAL
Data is transmitted and managed and accessed
through the CBMS PORTAL.
CBMS APP: Data Processing Using CBMS StatSim Pro
The CBMS StatSimPro
was built to output
automatically-generated
reports for the 13+1
core indicators and
basic tabulation, listing
and querying of the
CBMS database
CBMS APP: Data Processing Using CBMS StatSim Pro
Aside from
automatically-
generated
tables, lists
through simple
querying is
produced using
the CBMS
StatSim Pro
Confidential info
List of malnourished children in an LGU with age and sex
CBMS APP: Poverty Mapping Using QGIS
Adoption of
QGIS, a user-
friendly open
source GIS
software which
runs on Linux,
Unix, Mac OSX
and Windows.
CBMS APP: INFOGRAPHICS
The CBMS
Infographics are
visual images used to
show the core indicators
derived from the CBMS
data. These includes
health, housing, water
and sanitation, school
and employment, and
income indicators.
CBMS APP: INTERACTIVE INFOGRAPHICS
A more interactive version
is in the works, where data
will be presented in
infographics. This would
be accessible from:
cbms.dlsu.edu.ph/infograph/
USES OF CBMS
Poverty mapping
Local level planning and budgeting
Identification of beneficiaries for targeted interventions
Disaster risk reduction and management
Impact monitoring
Monitoring the SDGs
Others - climate change vulnerability
USING CBMS FOR POVERTY MAPPING
PROPORTION OF HOUSEHOLDS WHO HAVE EXPERIENCED FOOD SHORTAGE BY MUNICIPALITY, AGUSAN DEL SUR, 2005
Sibagat
14.2
Talacogon
6.8
Esperanza
24.8
Bunawan
12.3
San Luis
6.6
Trento
7.0 Loreto
17.9
Rosario
9.9
Sta. Josefa
11.1
La Paz
21.4
Veruela
39.8
San Francisco
7.2
Prosperidad
9.3
Bayugan
14.1
Agusan del Sur: 13.9
PROPORTION OF HOUSEHOLDS WHO HAVE EXPERIENCED FOOD SHORTAGE BY BARANGAY, AGUSAN DEL SUR, 2005
Agusan del Sur: 13.9 Sibagat
14.2
Talacogon
6.8
Esperanza
24.8
Bunawan
12.3
San Luis
6.6
Trento
7.0
Loreto
17.9
Rosario
9.9
Sta. Josefa
11.1
La Paz
21.4
Veruela
39.8
San Francisco
7.2
Prosperidad
9.3
Bayugan
14.1
PROPORTION OF HOUSEHOLDS WHO HAVE EXPERIENCED FOOD SHORTAGE BY BARANGAY, MUNICIPALITY OF ESPERANZA, AGUSAN DEL SUR, 2005
Agusan del Sur: 13.9 Esperanza: 24.8
Las Nieves, Agusan del Norte
Bayugan
San Luis
Esperanza
PROPORTION OF HOUSEHOLDS WHO HAVE EXPERIENCED FOOD SHORTAGE BY SUB-VILLAGE AND HOUSEHOLD LOCATION, MUNICIPALITY OF ESPERANZA, AGUSAN DEL SUR, 2005
Agusan del Sur: 13.9 Esperanza: 24.8
LOCAL LEVEL PLANNING AND BUDGETING
PROPORTION OF POPULATION WITH SAFELY MANAGED DRINKING WATER SERVICES IN PANABO CITY, BY BARANGAY, 2009 AND 2016
SOURCE: CBMS CENSUS
2009 2016
IDENTIFICATION OF ELIGIBLE BENEFICIARIES
CHILD LABOR
Philippine government has committed to withdraw
630,000 children from child labor by 2022
Government agencies will provide a package of
interventions to enable these families to stop the
children from engaging in child labor and keeping them
in school
List of child laborers were generated from CBMS data
in selected cities and municipalities
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT
CBMS for Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
Disaster prevention and mitigation
Disaster preparedness
Response and early recovery
Recovery and rehabilitation
CBMS data can identify households and individuals who are
at risk to disasters and also provide inputs to manage
evacuation-related activities.
*from National Disaster Risk Reduction Framework
With members aged
0-14 and 65 and
above
Without members
aged 0-14 and 65
and above
Elementary school
Secondary school
Source of Flood Map: Project NOAH. http://noah.dost.gov.ph/#/section/stormsurge/ssadvisory
Source of household location: CBMS Accelerated Poverty Profiling Census, Tubigon, Bohol, 2014-2015
Storm Surge (Advisory 4) with Location of Households covered by the CBMS Census, Tubigon, Bohol, 2014-2015
IMPACT MONITORING
IMPACT MONITORING USING CBMS
Before After
CBMS and the SDGs
32 SDG indicators can be generated using the CBMS data
Goal SDG Indicators that can
be generated using CBMS
1 6
2 1
3 4
4 5
5 1
6 2
7 1
8 3
10 1
11 3
13 1
16 4
17 1
Total 32
Coverage of CBMS Implementation by Country
as of May 31 , 2017
29 countries have
implemented
CBMS
CBMS PARTNERS
Implemented CBMS Implemented CBMS under PAGE I
Benin Argentina South Africa
Cambodia Bangladesh Togo
Ghana Bolivia United Republic of Tanzania
Lao People's Democratic Republic Ethiopia Uganda
Nigeria Haiti Burkina Faso
Peru Kenya
Viet Nam Niger
Zambia Pakistan
Indonesia Philippines
Senegal
Sri Lanka
Nepal
THANK YOU! CBMS NETWORK OFFICE
10TH FLOOR ANGELO KING INTERNATIONAL CENTER,
ARELLANO COR. ESTRADA AVE., MALATE, MANILA, PHILIPPINES
