Communications, Networks, the Internet, and the World Wide Web

Ying WangEND 303Fall 2008

Chapter 2: Communications, Networks, the Internet, and the World Wide Web

ObjectivesDefine communicationsIdentify the basic components of a communications systemDescribe how and why network computers are used in schools and school districtsExplain how the Internet works*


ObjectivesDescribe the World Wide Web portion of the InternetExplain how Web documents are linked to one anotherExplain the use of Web browser softwareExplain how to use a Web search tool to find information*


What Is Communications?A process in which two or more computers or devices transfer data, instructions, and informationSometimes called telecommunications*


What Is Communications?Electronic mail (e-mail)Voice mailFax (facsimile)TelecommutingOnline servicesVideoconferencingInternetWorld Wide Web*


Communications NetworksBasic communications systemTwo computers, one to send and one to receive dataCommunications devices that send and receive dataA communications channel over which data is sent*


Communications Networks*


Communications channelTransmissions mediaTwisted-pair cable*Communications Networks


Digital vs. analog signalsModemExternal modemInternal modemNetwork interface cards

*Communications Networks


Communications NetworksLocal Area Networks (LAN)Covers limited geographical areaServer manages resourcesWide Area Networks (WAN)Covers large geographical areaCan consist of several LANs*


Home NetworksConnects multiple computers in your homeShare Internet accessShare peripheralsCan be wired or wireless*Communications Networks


School network serverExample classroomThree Macintosh computersPrinterExample school networkClassroomsAdministrationComputer lab*Networking the Classroom, School, and District


Networking the Classroom, School, and District*


Networking the Classroom, School, and DistrictExample school districtCentral officeVarious schools*


Wireless schools and classroomsKeep in touch with family and friends from anywhereSmart pagersSmart phonesHandheld computersNotebook computersWireless technology brings the computer lab to students*Networking the Classroom, School, and District


Networking the Classroom, School, and DistrictHigh-Speed or Broadband AccessGovernment works to provide high speed Internet access to classroomsBroadband technology transmits signals at much faster speeds*


Sharing of computer hardware, software, and data resourcesUnlimited educational resourcesCommunicate with other educators and students*The Benefits of Computer Networks in Education


What Is the Internet?Worldwide group of connected networks that allow public access to information and servicesNo single organization owns or controls Estimated over one billion usersVariety of usersChapter 2: Communications, Networks, the Internet, and the World Wide Web*


What Is the Internet?Chapter 2: Communications, Networks, the Internet, and the World Wide Web*


History of the InternetStarted as a network of four computers at the University of California at Los Angeles in 1969Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) - ARPANETMore than 350 million computers todayBackbone first provided by National Science Foundation (NSF) - NSFnet*


History of the Internet*


History of the InternetBackbone now provided by variety of corporationsVarious organizations help define standardsInternet2 (I2)Extremely high-speed networkDevelop and test latest Internet technologiesMembers include more than 200 universities in the United States, along with 70 companies and *


How the Internet WorksData is divided into packetsRouters send packets across the InternetPacket switchingTransmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP) is the communications protocol used by the Internet*


How the Internet Works*


How the Internet WorksInternet Service Providers, Online Service Providers, and Wireless Internet Service ProvidersHave permanent connections to the InternetProvide temporary connections to individuals and companies for a feeRegional and national ISPsOnline service providers offer members only areasChapter 2: Communications, Networks, the Internet, and the World Wide Web*


How the Internet WorksConnecting to the InternetBusiness or school network connected to the InternetDial-up accessCable TV (CATV)Digital subscriber line (DSL)Power line communications (PLC)Public Internet access pointChapter 2: Communications, Networks, the Internet, and the World Wide Web*


How the Internet WorksChapter 2: Communications, Networks, the Internet, and the World Wide Web*


How the Internet WorksThe Internet BackboneActs as a highwayNational ISPs use dedicated lines to connect directly to the InternetRegional ISPs connect through leased lines to national ISPs*


How the Internet Works*


How the Internet WorksInternet Addresses Numeric addressesDomain nameDomain type abbreviationsCountry code abbreviations*


Started in the early 1990sHyperlinksUniform Resource Locator (URL)Hypertext transfer protocol*The World Wide Web


How a Web Page WorksHypertextHyperlinksTargetRelativeAbsolute*The World Wide Web


The World Wide WebDiscovery learningWeb surfingWebmasterHypertext markup language (HTML)Web publishing*


Web Browser SoftwareInterprets HTML and displays Web pages and enables you to link to other Web pages and Web sites

*The World Wide Web


The World Wide WebWeb Browser SoftwareMosaicNetscape NavigatorWindows Internet Explorer**


Searching for Information on the WebDirectory maintained by a search engine companyHelps find information on the WebSearch engineSubject directory*The World Wide Web


The World Wide WebMultimedia on the WebWeb pages incorporate graphics, animation, audio, video, and virtual realityPlug-ins*


Multimedia on the WebGraphicsUsed to enhance text-based InternetGraphics formats*The World Wide Web


Multimedia on the WebGraphicsUsed to enhance text-based InternetGraphics formatsThumbnails*The World Wide Web


The World Wide WebMultimedia on the WebAnimationMarqueesAnimated GIFs*


Multimedia on the WebAudioMP3, WAV, and WMAPlayersStreaming audioRealAudioPodcastingRSS*The World Wide Web


Multimedia on the WebVideoStreaming video*The World Wide Web


Multimedia on the WebVirtual RealitySimulation of real or imagined environment that appears as a three-dimensional (3-D) spaceVR worlds*The World Wide Web


Other Internet ServicesE-mailPrimary communication method for both personal and business useE-mail programsMailboxMail serverE-mail addressUser name*


FTP (file transfer protocol)FTP sites and serversAllows file downloads and uploadsAnonymous FTPFTP programs*Other Internet Services


Other Internet ServicesNewsgroups and Message BoardsOnline area in which users conduct written discussions about a particular subjectUsenetNews serverArticlePostingThreaded discussionMessage board*


Other Internet Services**


Other Internet ServicesMailing ListsGroup of e-mail names and addresses given a single nameSubscribing and unsubscribingLISTSERVs*


Instant MessagingSee when one or more people are onlineExchange messages and filesJoin a private chat roomText messagingShort Message Service (SMS)*Other Internet Services


Other Internet ServicesChat RoomsReal-time conversationChat roomsChat clients*


Other Internet ServicesInternet telephonyVoice over IP*


Internet etiquetteThe code of acceptable behaviors users should follow while on the Internet*Netiquette


Internet SecurityFirewallFiltering softwareAcceptable Use Policy (AUP)*


The Web is the Gutenberg printing press of modern timesCollaboration with other teachers and studentsePALSNew instructional strategies*The Impact of the Internet and the World Wide Web on Education


The Future of the Internet and the World Wide WebIn the next few years, the Internet will connect most of the worlds computersBy 2009, more than one billion wireless communication devices will be in use worldwide, and many of these products will have the ability to access the Web wirelessly*


SummaryDefine communicationsIdentify the basic components of a communications systemDescribe how and why network computers are used in schools and school districtsExplain how the Internet works*


Chapter SummaryDescribe the World Wide Web portion of the InternetExplain how Web documents are linked to one anotherExplain the use of Web browser softwareExplain how to use a Web search tool to find information*


Chapter SummaryIdentify several types of multimedia products available on the WebExplain how Internet services such as e-mail, newsgroups, chat rooms, and instant messaging workDescribe the educational implications of the Internet and the World Wide WebDescribe different ways to connect to the Internet and the World Wide Web*


Figure 2-12Figure 2-31Figure 2-39

Documents

Communications, Networks, the Internet, and the World Wide Web