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Communication Workshop
Transforming data into information and evidence
HMN cycle of data generation, knowledge brokering and use of evidence
Evidence
• Context-free– What works in general– Overall ‘potential’ of something– Clinical efficacy or biomedical research
• Context-sensitive– Evidence in an operational setting– Theory meets reality
• Colloquial– Expert opinion– First-hand experience– Story-telling
Types of evidence – different users
• Policy makers– Outcomes, impact
• Health planners and managers– What can be operationalised and monitored
• Scientists– What is conceptually sound
• Care providers– What works or doesn’t work in hospitals; what will improve
patient care• Donors– Monitoring and evaluation, value for money
Types of evidence – different purposes
• Advocacy– Draw attention to a specific problem
• Levels and trends– Show how big the problems are and who they affect
• Determinants– Show what causes the problem
• Diagnosis– Identify potential solutions
• Progress– Plan, carry out and assess actions to reduce these problems
How do we translate data into information and evidence?
• The challenge is not just to produce health information
• Need to act as ‘knowledge brokers’ facilitating the translation of data to policy and programming
• Two key steps–Analysis and interpretation–Communication and dissemination
What helps turn data into information?
Comparisons• Countries• Regions• Internally – location, gender, ethnicity• How to summarise country position– Ranking– Percentile– Standard deviations from the mean– Position compared with country mean or median– Benchmarking: comparing with good performers
Comparisons with the worldUnder-five mortality
Comparisons with the PacificUnder-five mortality
Comparisons within and between countriesInfant mortality rate
Source: Commonwealth Fund National Scorecard on US Health System Performance, 2008
Comparisons within internal regions
Source: Commonwealth Fund National Scorecard on US Health System Performance, 2008
Performance assessment‘Putting it all together’
• Identifying contextual changes– Demographic, economic, social and political factors
• Progress assessment– Compared to targets– Compared to peers
• Equity analysis– Trends in equity gaps by key stratifiers
• Efficiency analysis– Results by inputs
• Performance = summarising and interpreting the results
Why communicate?
• Inform and educate• Create a culture of data use• Improve health policy• Improve health service provision• Achieve better health outcomes• Information systems aren’t just about data
generation!• Access and use are integral parts of strengthening• Connect data production with use
What helps communication?
• Personal contact• Timeliness and relevance• Summary and recommendations• Good quality• Confirmed current policy or endorsed self-interest• Community pressure or demand– People need to understand why data is important
before they will demand it
Knowledge management
Where are we now?• Types of knowledge being produced• Outputs created• Barriers and promotersWhere do we want to be?• Benefits from knowledge management• Measuring successHow do we get there?• Developing an action plan• People, processes, technology
Group work
Mapping the flow of data and information30 minutes
Brainstorm5 minutes
Your unit or department
People who give you
data
Agencies who give you data
Data you have to look for yourself
Brainstorm5 minutes
People you give information to
Agencies you give information to
People/agencies who request information Pe
ople
and
age
ncie
s w
ho re
ceiv
e in
form
ation
Your unit or
department
Complete the table15 minutes
Communic-ation products
ObjectivesWhat do you want this to achieve?
AudienceWho is the key audience?Are there others?
MessageWhat is the message?Is it the same for all audiences?
ChannelsHow do you promote and disseminate your work?
Annual report
Policy Briefs
Others..
Further reading
The knowledge Translation Toolkit provides a thorough overview of what knowledgetranslation is and how to use it to bridge the ‘know-do’ gap between research, policy, practice, and people. It presents the theories, tools, and strategies required to encourage and enable evidence-informed decision-making.
The Toolkit can be viewed online at http://www.idrc.ca/EN/Resources/Publications/Pages/IDRCBookDetails.aspx?PublicationID=851