Commonly Asked Emergency Drugs

Emergency Drug Initial Dose IndicationsAdenosine 6 mgAtropine sulfate 0.5 – 1 mg.q 3-5 min Bradycardia Epinephrine 1 mg.q 3-5 min Cardiac arrestLasix 0.5-1 mg/kg Pulmonary edema Lidocaine 1-1.5 mg/kg Ventricular fibrillation, Ventricular tachycardia Magnesium sulfate 1-2 g Ventricular tachycardia r/t hypomagnesemia Morphine Sulfate 1-3 mg Chest pain, pulmonary edema Narcan 0.02-2mg Narcotic – respiratory depression Nitroglycerine 0.4 mg SL Chest pain, pulmonary edema Vasopressin 40 units Cardiac arrest

Antidotes Agents Antidotes

Acetaminophen Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) Anticholinesterase Atropine So4Anticholinergics Physostigmine Benzodiazepines Flumazenil Coumadine Vitamin KCyanide Sodium nitrate Digoxin Digoxin immune fab (Digibind)Dopamine Phentolamine Heparin Protamine sulfate Iron Deferoxamine Lead Dimercaprol, edentate disodium and succimer Magnesium Sulfate Calcium gluconate Narcotics Naloxone

Drug Name Endings: What they can suggest you!!!

Endings class*cain Local anesthetics *cillin Antibiotics *dine Antiulcer agent*done Opiod analgesics *ide Oral hypoglycemics *lam/*pam

Antianxiety

*micin/*mycin

Antibiotics

*mine/*zide

Diuretics

*olol Beta blockers *pril ACE inhibitors *sone Steroids

FREQUENTLY ASKED MEDICATIONSDrugs Trade /(generics) Classification Desired Effects Best Time to be

TakenOther Considerations

1 Aminophylline (theophylline)

Bronchodilator To case breathing AM / empty stomach No smoking No caffeine Check heart rate

2 Amphogel (aluminum hydroxide)

Antacid phosphate level Between meals and HS Give with glass of water Report melena

3 Antabuse (disulfiram)

Antialcoholic agent Avoidance of alcohol After 12 hrs. stoppage from alcohol

No alcohol in any means

4 Aspirin (ASA) Anti-inflammatory Anti-pyretic Analgesic

temperature pain and

inflammation

Full stomach Check for bleeding tendencies Syrup of inpecae in case of

overdose 5 Atropine SO4 Anticholinergic and

Vagolytic heart rate and decrease secretion s

30 PC Observe facial flushing Avoid hot environment

6 Bacterium (cotrimoxazole)

Antibiotic (-) infection PC Reddish urine Rashes Assess for signs of

nephrotoxicity 7 Benadryl

(diphenhydramine hcl)Antihistamine Anti – EPS

(-) allergy (-) movement syndrome

Best taken with food Avoid alcohol

8 Celestone (betamethazone)

Steroids respiratory distress in newborn

Best taken with food Monitor weight

9 Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide)

Antineoplastic size of tumor AM Increase fluids Monitor CBC

10 Diabinase (chlorpropaminde)

Antidiabetic agent Normal glucose range AM Monitor for hypoglycemia

11 Diamox (acetazolamide)

Antiglaucoma antidiuretics

urine output vertigo

AM with meals Photosensitivity

12 Digoxin (lanoxin) Cardiac glycoside Normal heart rate AM Assess pulse rate Monitor serum K

13 Dilantin (phenytoin) Anti-convulsant (-) seizure Best taken with food Taper dosage14 Diuril (chlorothiazide) Diuretics urine output Best taken with food Report weakness in the

extremities Increase K in the diet

15 Epinephrine Bronchodilator heart rate AM Don’t operate machineries and drive automobile

Assess for increase pulse 16 Flagyl (metronidazole) Antihelmintic (-) helminth Best taken with food Avoid alcohol

Not to give with antabuse Tetratogenic

17 Haldol (haloperidol) Antipsychotic (+) symptoms of psychosis

AC Assess BP Photosensitivity

18 Kayexalate Promote excretions of K

serum K May cause constipation Monitor serum potassium

19 Lasix (furosemide) Diuretic urine output AM Increase intake of food rich in K

20 Lithane (LiCO3) Antimanic hyperactivity PC Monitor lithium toxicity Decrease activity

21 Lovenox (mevacor) Antithrombotic (-) thrombosis Soft bristle toothbrush No razor Keep protamine SO4

22 Magnesium SO4 Anticonvulsant (-) convulsion Assess DTR and PR Antidote is Calcium gluconate

23 Mastinon (pyridostigmine)

Cholinesterase inhibitor

muscle strength PC Monitor for muscle weakness Antidote is atropine SO4

24 Mathergine (methylergonovine maleate)

Oxytocic for post partum atony

Firmly contracted uterus

Monitor BP Report dyspnea

25 Monoamine oxidase inhibitor

Antidepressant Improved sleeping pattern

PC No tyramine rich food Assess for hypertensive crisis Monitor BP

26 Nitroglycerin Antiangina (-) chest pain Best taken before any strenuous activity

Taken SL; don’t chew Keep tablets in dark container

27 Pancrease (pancreatin) Pancreatic enzyme (-) fat in the stool Between meal and snacks

Preparation is enteric coated, don’t show

Observe for diarrhea 28 Phenergan

(promethazine hyrochloride)

Antihistamine (-) allergy Empty stomach Antidote is epinephrine

29 Reserpine (serpasil) Antihypertensive BP Best taken with meals No sudden change of position Monitor BP and PR

30 Ritalin (methylphenidate)

Stimulant hyperactivity AM / PC Monitor growth and development

31 Robaxin (methocarbamol)

Skeletal muscle relaxant

(-) muscle spasm AM No alcohol Antidote : Epinephrine

32 Synthroid (levothyroxine sodium)

Thyroid hormone supplement

Normal T4 level AM Monitor BP and PR

33 Tagamet (cimetidine) Antiacidity (-) heartburn Best taken with food Avoid smoking 34 Thorazine

(chlorpromazine hcl)Antipsychotic (-) positive signs of

psychosis PC Photosensitivity

Monitor BP35 Valium (diazepam) Antianxiety (-) anxiety AC No alcohol, caffeine 36 Xylocaine (lidocaine) Antiarrythmic Normal heart rate Monitor for toxicity –

convulsion S / E : tinnitus

37 Zyloprim (allopurinol) Antigout uric acid Best taken with food Increase fluid intake, restrict vit. C

Common Tubes

Table or Apparatus Purpose Examples of Use Key pointsMiller-Abbott tube Longer than Levin

tube; has mercury of air in bags so tube can be used to decompress the lower intestinal tract

1. Small-bowel obstructions

2. Intussusception 3. Volvulus

1. Care similar to that Levin NG tube irrigated.

2. connected to suction, not sterile technique

3. orders will be written on how to advance the tube gently pushing tube a few inches each hour, patient position may affect advancement of tube

4. X-rays determine the desired location of tube

Cantor Tube To drain bile from the common bile duct until edema has subscribed

Cholecystectomy when a common duct exploration (CDE) or choledochostomy was also done

1. Bile drainage is influenced by position of the drainage bag.

2. Clamp tubes as ordered to see if bile will flow into duodenum, normally.

T-tube A type of closed-wound drainage connected to suction-used to drain, a large amount of serosa`nguineous drainage from under an incision

1. Mastectomy 2. Total hip

procedure 3. Total knee

procedure

1. May compress unit, and have portable vacuum or connect to wall suction.

2. Small drainage tube may get clogged physician may irrigate these at times

Hemovac A method of closed wound suction drainage indicate when tissue displacement and tissue trauma may

1. Neurosurgery 2. Neck surgery 3. Mastectomy 4. Total knee and hip

replacement 5. Abdominal surgery

Empty reservoir when full, to prevent loss of wound drainage and back contamination

occur with rigid drain tubes (e.g Hemovac)

6. Urological procedure

Jackson-Pratt See Hemovac See Hemovac See HemovacThree-way Foley To provide avenues

for constant irrigation and constant drainage of urinary bladder

1. Transurethral resection (TUR)

2. Bladder infection

Watch for blocking by clots causes bladder spasms Irrigant solution often has antibiotic added to normal salin or sterile water Sterile water rather than normal saline may be used for lysis of clots

Suprapubic catheter To drain bladder via an opening through the abdominal wall above the pubic bone

Suprapubic prostatectomy

May have orders to irrigate prn or continuously

Ureteral catheter To drain urine feom the pelvis of one kidney, or for splinting ureter

1. Cystoscopy for diagnostic workups

2. Ureteral surgery 3. Pyelotomy

Never clamp the tube-pelvis of kidney only holds 4-8 mLUse only 5 mL sterile normal saline if ordered to irrigate

Common Diagnostics Procedures

Noninvasive Diagnostic Procedures

Characteristics: 1. it provides an indirect assessment of organ size, shape, and / or function 2. it is safe3. it is easily reproducible 4. it requires less complex equipment for recording 5. it does not require the written consent of patient or guardian

General Nursing Tasks:1. Decrease patients anxieties and offer support by

a. Explain purpose and procedure of test b. Acknowledge questions regarding safety of the procedure c. Remain with the patient while the procedure is going on

2. Use procedure in the collection of specimens that avoids contamination

A. Graphic studies of Heart and brain1. Electrocardiogram (ECG) – graphic record of electrical activity generated by the heart

during depolarization and repolarazation.- diagnose abnormal cardiac rhythms and coronary heart disease

2. Echocardiography (ultrasound cadiography) – graphic record of motions produced by

cardiac structure as high-frequency sound vibrations are echoed though chest wall into the heart.

- used to demonstrate valvular or other structural deformities, detect pericardial effudion, diagnose tumors and cardiomegaly, evaluate prosthetic valve function.

3. Electroencephalogram (ECG) – graphic record of the electrical potentials generated by the physiological activity of the brain

- used to detect surface lesions or tumors of the brain and presence of epilepsy.

4. Echoencephalogram – beam of ultrasound is passed though the head, and returning echoes are graphically recorded.

- used to detect subdural hematomas, intracerebral hemorrhage, or tumors.

B. Roentgenological studies (X-ray)

1. Chest – used to determine size, contour of the heart; size, location, and nature of pulmonary lesions: pleural thickening and effusions: pulmonary vasculature: disorder of thoracic ones and soft tissues.

- used lead shield to protect pregnant woman

2. Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB) – used to determine size, shape, and position of kidney, ureter and bladder

- No special consideration 3. Breast (Mammography) – examination of the breast with or without the injection of the

radiopaque substance into the duct of mammary gland. - used to determined the presence of tumor or cyst (best done a week after

menstruation)- no deodorant, perfume, powder, or ointment in underarm area on the day of X-ray

(contains Calcium oxalate)- May be uncomfortable due to the pressure on the breast. (uses two x-ray plates)

C. Roentgenological studies (FLUOROSCOPY) – requires the ingestion or injection of a contrast medium to visualize the target organ.

Additional Nursing Task: a. Administration of enemies or cathartics before the procedure and laxative after. b. Keeping the patient NPO 6-12 hours before examination c. Ascertain patient’s allergy and allergic reactions d. Observing for allergic reactions to contrast medium e. Providing fluid and food after procedure to prevent dehydration f. Observe stool for color and consistency until barium passes

1. Upper GI (Barium swallow) – ingestion of barium sulfate or meglumine diatrizoate (Gastrografin [white and chalky substance], followed by fluoroscopic and x-ray examination)

- used to determine patency and caliber of the esophagus and to detect esophageal varices, mobility of gastric wall, presence of ulcer, filling defects due to tumor, patency of pyloric valve and presence of structural abnormalities

2. Lower GI (Barium Enema) – rectal instillation of barium sulfate followed by glouroscopic and x-ray examination

- used to determine contour and mobility of colon and presence of any space-occupying tumors. Perform before upper GI

Patients preparations:- no food after evening meal the evening before the test - stool softener laxatives and enema suppositories to cleanse the bowel before the test - NPO after midnight before the test

After care:- increased fluid intake, food and rest- laxatives for at least two days or until stools are normal in color and consistency

3. Cholecystogram – ingestion of organic iodine contrast medium (Telepaque) followed in 12 hour by x-ray visualization

- gallbladder disease is indicated with poor or no visualization of the bladder - accurate only if GI and liver function is intact - perform before barium swallow and barium enema

Patients preparations:- administer large amount of water with contrast capsule - low-fat meal before evening before x-ray- oral laxative of stool softener after meal - no food allowed after contrast capsule

After care:- increased fluid intake, food and rest - observe for any untoward reactions

4. Intravenous Pyelography (IVP) – injection of a radiopaque contrast medium in the vein of the client to visualize ureter, bladder and kidney

Patients preparations:- Laxative in the evening before the examination - NPO for 12 hours- Cleaning enema morning of the procedure

After care:- increased fluid intake, food and rest;- observe for any untoward reactions

D. Computed Tomography (CT) – an x-ray beam sweeps around the body, allowing measuring of various tissue densities. Provides clear radiographic deficition of structures that are not visible by other techniques.

- initial scan may be followed by “contrast enhancement” using an injection of contrast agent iodine via vein, followed by a repeat scan.

Patients preparations:- instructions for eating before test vary- clear liquids up to 2 hours before the procedure are permitted

E. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) – noninvasive technique that produces cross sectional images by exposure to magnetic energy sources. It uses no contrast medium; takes 30-0 minutes to complete. Patient may still for periods of 5-20 minutes at a time.

Patients preparations:- patient can take food and medications except for low abdominal and pelvic studies

(food and fluid withheld) 4-6 hr to decrease peristalsis) - Restrictions

a. those who have metal implants b. those with permanent pacemakersc. those who are pregnant

F. Ultrasound (sonogram) – uses sound waves to diagnose disorders of the thyroid, kidney, liver, uterus, gallbladder, fetus and intracranial structures of the neonate.

Patients preparations:- advise client not to chew gum or smoke before the procedure- no x-ray- for gallbladder studies; NPO for 8 hours- for lower abdomen and uterus ; 32 ounces of water PO 30 minutes before the

procedure

G. Pulmonary function studies Ventilatory studies – use of incentive spirometer to determine how well the lung is

ventilating.

1. Vital capacity (VC) – largest amount of air that can be expelled after maximal inspiration

Normal = 4000 – 5000 mL.Decrease = indicate lung disease Increase or decrease = indicate chronic obstructive lung disease

2. Forced expiratory volume (FEV) – percentage of vital capacity that can be forcibly expired in 1, 2, or 3 seconds.

Normal = 80 – 83% in 1 sec 90 – 94% in 2 sec

95 – 97% in 3 sec decrease = indicate expiratory airway obstruction

H. Sputum Studies

1. Gross sputum evaluations – collection of sputum samples to ascertain quantity, consistency, color and odor

2. Sputum smear – sputum is smeared thinly on a slide so that it can be studied microscopically.- used to determine cytological changes or presence of pathogenic microorganism

3. Sputum culture – sputum samples are implanted or inoculated into special media.- used to diagnosed pulmonary infection

I. Examination of the gastric contents

1. Gastric analysis – aspiration of the contents of the fasting stomach analysis of free and total acid

Gastric acidity increase : duodenal ulcer Gastric acidity decrease : pernicious anemia an cancer of the stomach

J. Doppler ultrasound – measures blood flow in the major veins and arteries. The transducer of the test instrument is placed on the skin, sending ultra-high-frequency sound.

- sound varies with respiration and valsalva maneuver - no discomfort to the patient.

K. Glucose Testing – to detect disorder of glucose metabolism, such as diabetes.

1. Fasting blood sugar (FBS) – blood sample is drawn after a 12 fast (usually midnight). Water is allowed.

Normal blood glucose ; 60 – 120 mg/dLDiabetic patient = 126 mg/dL

2. 2 hr postprandial (PPBS) – blood is taken after meal

Patients preparations:- offer a high-carbohydrate diet for 2-4 days before testing - patient fast overnight - eats a high-carbohydrate breakfast - blood sample is drawn 2 hr interval - no cigarette smoking and caffeine for these may increase glucose level

Common Diagnostics Procedures

Invasive Diagnostics Procedures

Characteristics:1. it directly records the size, shape and function of an organ;2. it requires the written consent of the patient or guardian; 3. it may result in morbidity and occasionally death.

General Nursing Task:1. Before procedure:

a. have patient sing permit to procedure b. ascertain and repot any patient history of allergy or allergic reaction c. explain procedure briefly and accurately d. explain that contrast medium might cause flushing or warm feeling e. keep patient NPO 6-12 hour before procedure if anesthesia is to be used f. allow patient to verbalize concerns g. administer preprocedure sedatives, as orderedh. if procedure done at bed side:- remain with patient and offer reassurance - assist with optimal positioning of patient - observe for indication of complications – shock, pain and dyspnea

2. After procedure: a. observe and record vital signs b. check injection or biopsy sites for bleeding, infection, tenderness, or thrombosis

report untoward reaction to the physician apply warm compress to ease discomfort, as ordered

c. if tropical anesthesia is used during procedure, do not give food or fluid until gag reflex returns

d. encourage relaxation by allowing patient to discuss experience and verbalize feelings.

A. Procedures to evaluate the cardiovascular system1. Angiography – intravenous injection of radiopaque solution or contrast for the purpose

of studying its circulation through the patient’s heart, lungs and great vessels.- Used to check the competency of the heart valves, diagnose congenital septal

defects, study heart function and structure before cardiac surgery, detect occlusions of coronary arteries.

2. Cardiac catheterization – insertion of a radiopaque catheter into a vein to study the heart great vessels.- Used to confirm diagnosis of heart disease and determine extent of disease,

measure pressures in the heart chamber and great vessels, obtain estimate of cardiac output, and obtain blood samples to measure oxygen content.

a. Right heart catheterization – catheter is inserted through a cut-down in the antecubital vein into the superior vena cava, through the right atrium and ventricle and into the pulmonary activity.

b. Left-heart catheterization- catheter maybe passed retrograde to the left ventricle through the brachial and femoral artery, it can be passed through the left atrium after right-heart catherization by means of a special needle that punctures the septa; or it may be passed directly into the left ventricle by means of a posterior puncture.

Specific nursing considerations:

1. Preprocedure patient teaching:a. Fatigue is a common complaint due to lying still for 3 hr b. Feeling of fluttery sensation while the catheter is passed back into the left

ventriclec. Flushed, warm feeling may occur when contrast medium is injected.

2. Postprocedure observations:a. monitor ECG pattern for arrhythmiasb. check extremities for color and temperature, peripheral pulses for quality.

3. Angiography (Arteriography) – injection of a contrast medium in to the arteries to study the vascular tree.

- Used to determine obstructions or narrowing of peripheral arteries.

B. Procedure to evaluate the respiratory system

1. Lung scan – injection of radioactive isotope into the body, followed by lung scintiscan, which produces a graphic record of gamma rays emitted by the isotopes in the tissues.

- used to determine lung perfusion when pulmonary emboli and infarctions are suspected.

2. Pulmonary angioghraphy – x – ray visualization of the pulmonary vasculature after the injection of a radiopaque contrast medium.

- used to evaluate pulmonary disorders such as pulmonary embolism, lung tumor and aneurysms, and changes in the pulmonary vasculature due to such conditions as emphysema.

3. Bronchoscopy – introduction of a fiberoptic scope into the trachea and bronchi- used to inspect tracheobronchial tree for pathological changes, remove foreign

bodies or mucous plugs causing airway obstruction, and apply chemotherapeutic agents.

a. Prebronchoscopy interventions: oral hygiene postural drainage as indicated

b. Postbronchoscopy interventions: Instruct patient not to swallow oral secretions Save expectorated sputum for laboratory analysis NPO till gag reflex returns Observe for subcutaneous emphysema and dyspnea Apply ice collar to reduce throat discomfort

4. Thoracentesis – needle puncture through the chest wall and into the pleura - used to remove fluid and occasionally air from the pleural space - nursing considerations

a. position : high fowler’s position or sitting upon edge of the bed, with feet supported on the chair.

b. If the patient is unable to sit up – turn unto unaffected side

a. Position: high fowler’s position or sitting upon edge of the bed, with feet supported on the chair.

b. If the patient’ is unable to sit up-turn unto unaffected side

C. Procedures to evaluate the renal system1. Renal angiogram – small catheter is inserted into the femoral artery and passed into

the aorta or renal artery, radiopaque fluid is in stilled, and serial films are taken.- Used to diagnose renal hypertension and pheochromocytoma and differentiate renal

cyst from tumors.

Postangiogram nursing actions:

1. Check pedal pulse for signs of decreased circulation.

2. Cystoscopy – Visualization of bladder, urethra, and prostatic urethra by insertion of a tubular, lighted, telescopic lens (cystoscope) through the urinary meatus.- Used to directly inspect the bladder; collect urine from the renal pelvis; obtain biopsy

specimens from bladder and urethra; remove calculi; and treat lesions in the bladder, urethra, and prostate.

Nursing actions following procedure: Observe for urinary retention Warm sitz baths to relieve discomfort

3. Renal biopsy – needle aspiration of tissue from the kidney for the purpose of microscopic examination.

Procedures to evaluate the digestive system:1. Esophagoscopy and gastroscopy – visualization of the esophagus, the stomach,

and sometimes the duodenum by means of a lighted tube inserted through the mouth.

2. Proctoscopy – visualization of rectum and colon by means of a lighted tube inserted through the anus.

3. Peritoneoscopy – direct visualization of the liver and peritoneum by means of a peritoneoscope inserted through an abdominal stab wound.

4. Liver biospsy – needle aspiration of tissue for the purpose of microscopic examination; used to determine tissue changes, facilitate diagnosis, and provide information regarding a disease course.

Nursing action:1. Place patient on right side and position pillow for pressure, to prevent bleeding.

5. Paracentesis – needle aspiration of fluid from the peritoneal cavity used to relieve excess fluid accumulation or for diagnostic studies.

a. Specific nursing actions before paracentesis:a. Have patient void - to prevent possible injury to bladder during

procedureb. Position – sitting up on side of bed, with feet supported by

chair.c. Check vital signs and peripheral circulation frequently

throughout procedured. Observe for signs of hypovolemic shock – may occur due to

fluid shift from vascular compartment following removal of protein – rich ascitic fluid.

b. Specific nursing actions following paracentesis:a. Apply pressure to injection site and cover with sterile dressing.b. Measure and record amount and color of ascitic fluid; send

specimens to lab for diagnostic studies.

D. Procedures to evaluate the reproductive system in women1. Culdoscopy – surgical procedure in which a culdoscope is inserted into the

posterior vaginal cul-de-sac- Used to visualize uterus, fallopian tube, and peritoneal contents.

2. Breast biopsy – needle aspiration or incisional removal of breast tissue for microscopic examination.- used to differentiate among benign tumors, cysts, and malignant tumor in the breast.

3. Uterotubal insufflation (Rubin’s Test) – injection of carbon dioxide into the cervical canal.- Used to determin fallopian tube patency

E. Procedure to evaluate the neuroendocrine system

1. Cerebral angiography – fluoroscopic visualization of the brain vasculature after injection of a contrast medium into the carotid or vertebral arteries- used to localize lesions (tumors, abscesses, and occlusions) that are large enough to distort cerebrovascular blood flow.

2. Myelogram – through a lumbar-puncture needle, a contrast medium is injected into the subarachnoid space of the spinal column to visualize the spinal cord.- Used to detect herniated or ruptured intervertebral disks, tumors and cysts that compress or distort spinal cord.

Nursing consideration: Elevate head of bed = with water soluble contrast Flat position – with oil contrast V/s every 4 hr for 24 hr.

3. Lumbar puncture – puncture of the lumbar subarachnoid space of the spinal cordwith a needle to withdraw samples of cerebrospinal fluid.- Used to evaluate CSF for infections and determine presence of hemorrhage.

Note: not done if increased ICP is suspected

Position: Before : fetal position / knee chest position After : flat or supine

Test IndicationAntigen skin Test to rule-out cancer of the lungsBenedict’s test For glucose monitoringBentonite Flacculation Test Test for filariasisBeutler’s test Test for galactosemiaBlanching test Determines the impairment in circulationBronsulpthalein test Liver angiographyCaloric test Test done by placing water in the ear canal causes nystagmus.

A test for inner earCD4 determination Checking the immune status to AIDS patientCerebral perfusion test Test used to check the cerebral functionCoomb’s test Determines the production of the antibodies. RhoGAM is

given (1st 72 hours)CPK BB Test for brain musclesCPK MB Test for cardiac muscles: for MICPK MM Test for muscle injuryDark field illumination test and kalm test

Determination for the presence of syphilis

Dick test Detect scarlet feverDull’s eye test Determines the presence of blindness. Done in 1st ten days (+)

normal (-) abnormalELISA test Determines presence of HIVGram staining and Culture of cervical and urethral smear

Determination for the presence of gonorrhea

Gross hearing test Test used by whispering words or spoken voice testGuthrie test Test for PKUHeat and Acetic acid test For protein or albumin detectionImmunochromatographic test A rapid assessment method done for filariasis. The antigen test

that can be done at daytimeJones Criteria One way of diagnosing Rheumatic heart feverLepronin test A screening test for leprosyLiver enzyme test For SGOT and SGPTLiver profile test Determines Hepa-b surface antigenLumbar puncture Determines for the presence of meningitis and encephalitis.

Position the patient in side lying positionMalaria smear Test to confirm malaria; specimen is taken at the height or

peak of feverMantoux test Determination for TB exposureMeniere’s test Test for vestibular functionMethylene blue test For ketone detectionMoloney test Hypersensitivity test for DiphtheriaOxytocin challege test Determines if the fetus can tolerate uterine contraction; (+) CS

is necessaryPandy’s test Determines the presence of protein in the CSFPhenosulpthalein test Kidney angiogramQueckkenstedt’s test Test that involve the compression of jugular veinsRectal swab Done in patient with cholera, pinworm detectionRinne Test Shifted between mastoid bone and two inches from the ear

canal openingRomberg’s test Assess gait and station such as ataxiaSchick test Susceptibility test for diphtheria (+) no immunity (-) with

immunitySchiller’s test Staining the cervix with an iodine solution. Healthy tissues

will turn brown, while cancerous tissue resist the stainSchilling test Used to patient with severe chilling sensation; for confirmation

of pernicious anemiaSchwabach test Differentiate between conductive and sensorineural deafness,

mastoid of patient and examinerShake test Determines the amount of surfactant in the lungs.Skin test Purpose it to produce antigen reactionSlit skin smear A confirmatory test for leprosySpecific gravity test For diabetes mellitus and insipidus as well as for dehydrationSperm count test For male infertility (low sperm count-oversex)Sputum exam For defection and sensitivity of causative microorganism, for

pneumonia and TBSulkowitch test Urine test detection for calcium deficiency and calcium in the

urineSweat chloride test Used to diagnosed cystic fibrosisTensilon (Endophonium) test For rapid detection of myasthenia gravisTonometer Test used to measure ocular tension and helping in detecting

early glaucoma N=12-20 mmHg

Torniquet test Done to determine presence of petechiae in Dengue Hemorrhagic fever

TZANK test Determination for the presence of herpes simplexWeber test Evaluation of bone conduction. Tuning fork is placed on

patient’s forehead or teethWedal’s Test For typhoid fever determinationWestern blot test A confirmatory for AIDS

Arterial Blood Gases Type Causes Manifestations ManagementRespiratory AcidosispH<7.35;PaCO2>45

. COPD

. Respiratory

. Overdose

. Atelectasis

. Pulmonary edema

. Aspiration

. Weakness

. Tachycardia

. Decreased LOC

. Headache

. Assess VS

. Monitor

. ABG

. CPT

. TCDB

RespiratoryAlkalosispH>7.45;PaCO2<35

. Hyperventilation

. Anxiety

. Pain

. Ventilators

. Lightheadedness

. Ringing of the ears. Tingling

. Slow breathing. Paper bag

MetabolicAcidosispH<7.35;HCO3,22

. DKA

. Diarrhea

. ASA poisoning

. Renal failure

. Headache

. N/V

. Kussmaul respiration. Dysrhythmias

. Administer sodium bicarbonate. Monitor I/O. Use seizure Precautions

MetabolicAlkalosisPH>7.45;HCO3>26

. Vomiting

. NGT

. Diuretics and Antacids

. Tingling

. Dizziness

. Bradypnea

. Monitor VS

. I/O

. ABG

Remember : Respiratory Opposite; Metabolic EqualFacts : pH = 7.35 – 7.45 PCO2 = 34 – 45 HCO3=22-26