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FA-112
Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Digenean Trematodes1Deborah B. Pouder, Eric W. Curtis, and Roy P.E. Yanong2
1. This document is FA-112, one of a series of the Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory, School of Forest Resources and Conservation Program in Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date July 2005. Reviewed February 2017. Please visit the EDIS website at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu.
2. Deborah B. Pouder, coordinator of research programs and services; Eric W. Curtis, former biological scientist; and Roy P.E. Yanong, professor; Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory, School of Forest Resources and Conservation Program in Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, UF/IFAS Extension, Gainesville, FL 32611.
The Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) is an Equal Opportunity Institution authorized to provide research, educational information and other services only to individuals and institutions that function with non-discrimination with respect to race, creed, color, religion, age, disability, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, national origin, political opinions or affiliations. For more information on obtaining other UF/IFAS Extension publications, contact your countys UF/IFAS Extension office.U.S. Department of Agriculture, UF/IFAS Extension Service, University of Florida, IFAS, Florida A & M University Cooperative Extension Program, and Boards of County Commissioners Cooperating. Nick T. Place, dean for UF/IFAS Extension.
IntroductionThis publication is one in a series of pictorial guides that is designed to assist in the identification of common freshwater fish parasites. The publications included in this series are:
Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Sessile Ciliates
Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Motile Ciliates
Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Dinoflagellates, Coccidia, Microsporidians, & Myxozoans
Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Monogeneans
Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Digenean Trematodes
Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Nematodes
Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Acanthocephalans, Cestodes, Leeches, & Pentastomes
Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Crustaceans
The information provided in this guide is not intended to be a complete, detailed description of each parasite or parasite group and its characteristics but rather is intended
to assist in the visual identification of some of the most common species or groups of parasites seen in freshwater fish. For further information on each parasite, refer to publications in the Recommended Reading and Refer-ence sections below.
Guide Information Target Tissue: provides the location on/in the fish where
the parasite is most commonly found.
Characteristic: provides a brief description about the appearance of the parasite.
Size: provides the size or size range of the parasite. (1 m = 0.001 mm = 0.0001 cm) (m = micron or micrometer; mm = millimeter; cm = centimeter)
Movement: provides the type of movement, if any, of the parasite.
Note: provides a brief comment of interest about the parasite.
Recommended ReadingSRAC Publication No. 410 Calculating Treatments for Ponds and Tanks. Southern Regional Aquaculture Center. https://srac.tamu.edu/index.cfm/event/getFactSheet/whichfactsheet/83/
http://edis.ifas.ufl.eduhttp://edis.ifas.ufl.eduhttps://srac.tamu.edu/index.cfm/event/getFactSheet/whichfactsheet/83/https://srac.tamu.edu/index.cfm/event/getFactSheet/whichfactsheet/83/
2Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Digenean Trematodes
SRAC Publication No. 475 Proliferative Gill Disease (Hamburger Gill Disease). Southern Regional Aqua-culture Center. https://srac.tamu.edu/index.cfm/event/getFactSheet/whichfactsheet/122/
SRAC Publication No. 4701 Protozoan Parasites. Southern Regional Aquaculture Center. https://srac.tamu.edu/index.cfm/event/getFactSheet/whichfactsheet/171/
UF/IFAS Circular 91 Nematode (Roundworm) Infections in Fish. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA091
UF/IFAS Circular 120 Fish Health Management Consid-erations in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems - Part 1: Introduction and General Principles. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA099
UF/IFAS Circular 121 Fish Health Management Consid-erations in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems - Part 2: Pathogens. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA100
UF/IFAS Circular 122 Fish Health Management Con-siderations in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems - Part 3: General Recommendations and Problem Solving Ap-proaches. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA101
UF/IFAS Circular 716 Introduction to Freshwater Fish Parasites. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA041
UF/IFAS Circular 919 Stress--Its Role in Fish Disease. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA005
UF/IFAS Circular 920 Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (White Spot) Infections in Fish. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA006
UF/IFAS Circular 921 Introduction to Fish Health Manage-ment. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA004
UF/IFAS Fact Sheet FA-13 Use of Copper in Freshwater Aquaculture and Farm Ponds. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA008
UF/IFAS Fact Sheet FA-23 The Use of Potassium Permanga-nate in Fish Ponds. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA032
UF/IFAS Fact Sheet FA-28 Monogenean Parasites of Fish. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA033
UF/IFAS Fact Sheet FA-37 Use of Potassium Permanganate to Control External Infections of Ornamental Fish. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA027
UF/IFAS Fact Sheet FA-55 Submission of Fish for Diagnos-tic Evaluation. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA055
UF/IFAS Fact Sheet FA-90 Pentastomid Infections in Fish. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA090
UF/IFAS Fact Sheet FA-107 Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Sessile Ciliates. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA107
UF/IFAS Fact Sheet FA-108 Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Motile Ciliates. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA108
UF/IFAS Fact Sheet FA-109 Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Flagellates. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA109
UF/IFAS Fact Sheet FA-110 Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Dinoflagellates, Coccidia, Micro-sporidians, and Myxozoans. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA110
UF/IFAS Fact Sheet FA-111 Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Monogeneans. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA111
UF/IFAS Fact Sheet FA-113 Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Nematodes. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA113
UF/IFAS Fact Sheet FA-114 Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Acanthocephalans, Cestodes, Leeches, and Pentastomes. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA114
UF/IFAS Fact Sheet FA-115 Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Crustaceans. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA115
UF/IFAS Fact Sheet VM-67 Management of Hexamita in Ornamental Cichlids. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/VM053
UF/IFAS Fact Sheet VM-77 Use of Formalin to Control Fish Parasites. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/VM061
UF/IFAS Fact Sheet VM-78 Bath Treatment for Sick Fish. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/VM037
UF/IFAS Fact Sheet VM-85 Red Sore Disease in Game Fish. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/VM059
UF/IFAS Fact Sheet VM-86 Use of Salt in Aquaculture. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/VM007
UF/IFAS Fact Sheet VM-87 Sanitation Practices for Aqua-culture Facilities. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/AE081
https://srac.tamu.edu/index.cfm/event/getFactSheet/whichfactsheet/122/https://srac.tamu.edu/index.cfm/event/getFactSheet/whichfactsheet/122/https://srac.tamu.edu/index.cfm/event/getFactSheet/whichfactsheet/171/https://srac.tamu.edu/index.cfm/event/getFactSheet/whichfactsheet/171/http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA091http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA099http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA099http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA100http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA101http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA041http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA005http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA006http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA004http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA008http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA032http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA033http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA027http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA027http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA055http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA090http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA107http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA107http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA108http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA108http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA109http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA109http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA110http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA111http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA111http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA113http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA113http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA114http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA115http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA115http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/VM053http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/VM061http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/VM037http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/VM059http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/VM007http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/AE081
3Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Digenean Trematodes
UF/IFAS Fact Sheet VM-104 Cryptobia iubilans in Cichlids. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/VM077
ReferencesHoffman, G.L. 1999. Parasites of North American freshwa-ter fishes. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY.
Longshaw, M. and S.W. Feist. 2001. Parasitic diseases. Pages 167-183 in W.H. Wildgoose, editor. BSAVA manual of ornamental fish, second edition. British Small Animal Veterinary Association, Gloucester, England.
Noga, E.J. 1996. Fish disease: diagnosis and treatment. Mosby-Yearbook, Inc., St. Louis, MO.
Stoskopf, M.K. 1993. Fish medicine. W.B. Saunders Com-pany, Philadelphia, PA.
Woo, P.T.K., editor. 1995. Fish diseases and disorders, volume 1: protozoan and metazoan infections. CAB International, Wallingford, United Kingdom.
http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/VM077
Com
mon
Fre
shw
ater
Fis
h Pa
rasi
tes
Pict
oria
l Gui
de:
Dig
enea
ns T
rem
atod
esD
ebor
ah B
. Pou
der,
Eric
W. C
urtis
, Roy
P.E
. Yan
ong
Dig
enea
ns(
Dig
enes
, W
hite
Gru
b,
Yello
w G
rub
, or
Blac
k G
rub
)
The
Inst
itute
of F
ood
and
Agric
ultu
ral S
cien
ces
(IFA
S) is
an
Equa
l Opp
ortu
nity
Inst
itutio
n au
thor
ized
to p
rovi
de re
sear
ch, e
duca
tiona
l inf
orm
atio
n an
d ot
her s
ervi
ces
only
to in
divi
dual
s an
d in
stitu
tions
that
func
tion
with
non
-dis
crim
inat
ion
with
re
spec
t to
race
, cre
ed, c
olor
, rel
igio
n, a
ge, d
isab
ility
, sex
, sex
ual o
rient
atio
n, m
arita
l sta
tus,
natio
nal o
rigin
, pol
itica
l opi
nion
s or
affi
liatio
ns. F
or m
ore
info
rmat
ion
on o
btai
ning
oth
er U
F/IF
AS
Exte
nsio
n pu
blic
atio
ns, c
onta
ct y
our c
ount
ys
UF/
IFA
S Ex
tens
ion
office
.
U.S
. Dep
artm
ent o
f Agr
icul
ture
, UF/
IFA
S Ex
tens
ion
Serv
ice,
Uni
vers
ity o
f Flo
rida,
IFA
S, F
lorid
a A
& M
Uni
vers
ity C
oope
rativ
e Ex
tens
ion
Prog
ram
, and
Boa
rds
of C
ount
y Co
mm
issi
oner
s Co
oper
atin
g. N
ick
T. P
lace
, dea
n fo
r UF/
IFA
S Ex
tens
ion.
Dig
enea
n m
etac
erca
riae
ency
sted
on
sw
ordt
ail fi
n an
d sk
inD
igen
ean
met
acer
caria
e en
cyst
ed
in g
ills
Dig
enea
n m
etac
erca
riae
ency
sted
in
live
rD
igen
ean
met
acer
caria
e en
cyst
ed
in m
esen
tery
nea
r gal
l bla
dder
Adul
t dig
enea
nD
igen
ean
rem
oved
from
cys
t in
mus
cle
Targ
et T
issu
es: M
etac
erca
riae
(juve
nile
enc
yste
d st
age)
in a
ny in
tern
al o
r ex
tern
al ti
ssue
(if fi
sh a
re in
term
edia
te h
ost)
; adu
lts u
sual
ly in
gut
lum
en
(if fi
sh a
re fi
nal h
ost)
App
eara
nce:
Met
acer
caria
e se
en a
s nod
ules
/mas
ses a
ppro
x. 1
4 m
m in
le
ngth
, adu
lts ap
prox
. 15
mm
in le
ngth
; adu
lts a
nd ju
veni
les h
ave
visib
le
oral
and
ven
tral
suck
ers b
ut n
o se
gmen
ts o
r chi
tinou
s hoo
ks
Mov
emen
t: A
dults
free
-mov
ing;
may
see
mov
emen
t ins
ide
met
acer
caria
e cy
st
Not
e: In
dire
ct li
fe c
ycle
ofte
n in
volv
ing
bird
, sna
il, a
nd fi
sh; fi
sh
usua
lly in
term
edia
te h
ost;
if in
cys
t, bu
rst c
yst t
o f
ree
indi
vidu
al fo
r id
entifi
catio
n
FA11
2