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Common Disaster Recovery Tools In Unix and Linux*. Business Continuity Plans and Backups. People make IT support a complex issue! Disaster Recovery must be based on Business Continuity Plans and meet the requirements as set in the following question: What is the cost of downtime per hour?. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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© 2008 Dusan BaljevicThe information contained herein is subject to change without notice
Common Disaster Recovery Tools In Unix and Linux*
April 19, 2023 Webinar 2
Business Continuity Plans and Backups
• People make IT support a complex issue!
• Disaster Recovery must be based on Business Continuity Plans and meet the requirements as set in the following question:
What is the cost of downtime per hour?
April 19, 2023 Webinar 3
Loss of Data - Most Feared Threat
Industrial Action 8
Pandemic 13
Power outage 13
Application failure 12
Natural disasters, such as fires or floods 22Unplanned downtime of online systems 22
Terrorism 16
Supply chain disruption 29Virus, worm or other malicious attack on IT systems 28Employee malfeasance (e.g. theft or fraud) 25
Systems failure 31
Human error 35
% o
f re
spon
dents
April 19, 2023 Webinar 4
Bootable System Images in Unix and Linux
Many tools available. For the sake of brevity,
the following will be discussed:
AIX mksysb, Network Installation Manager (NIM)
HP make_tape_recovery/make_net_recovery,
Dynamic Root Disk (DRD)*
Linux Mondo Rescue, Clonezilla
Solaris ufsdump, fssnap+ufsdump, flash/JumpStart
Tru64 btcreate
April 19, 2023 Webinar 5
Tape Drives
Limitations inherent with tape media:
• A tape drive must be available on each system to be archived.
• Must remove old tapes and insert new ones for new backups.• If an archive exceeds the capacity of a tape, you must swap
tapes for both creation and extraction.• Must check log files and run dummy restores to ensure data
consistency.• Tape drives are more error-prone than a local network or CD-
ROM and DVD.• Cost of tapes in large environment is significant.• Cost of managing tape loading and storage is significant.• Generally slower that disk or LAN.
April 19, 2023 Webinar 6
AIX – mksysb(1)Creates a backup of the operating system (root volume group).
The file system image is in backup-file format. The
tape format includes a boot image, a bosinstall image, and an empty table of contents followed
by the system backup (root volume group) image.
The root volume group image is in backup-file format, starting with data files and then any optional map files.
April 19, 2023 Webinar 7
AIX – mksysb(1)
Pros highlights:• For managing a single or limited number of
servers.• Can be used for system cloning.• Use when servers are not networked.• Allows backup to tape drive (CD-ROM and
DVD typically done through mkcd(1)).
April 19, 2023 Webinar 8
AIX – mksysb(1)
Cons highlights:• Identical tape drive is needed for an off-site recovery.• Cannot back up files that are mounted from a remote server.• If /usr is remote-mounted, you cannot reinstall system from
backup image.• Image does not include data on raw devices or in user-
defined paging spaces.• It may not restore all device configurations for special
features, such as /dev/netbios and some device drives not shipped with the product.
• LC_ALL environment variable should be unset (if non-C value).
• Does not have built-in error checking to minimize problems when backing up an active file system.
• Format specific to AIX (backup-file).*
April 19, 2023 Webinar 9
AIX – mksysb(1) Examples
# mksysb –i /dev/rmt0*
# mksysb –m /dev/rmt1**
# mksysb –i –e /dev/rmt1***
# mksysb /dev/rmt0 –V
# mkcd –U –d /dev/cd0 –P –V rootvg****
# mkdvd –d /dev/cd1
April 19, 2023 Webinar 10
AIX – mksysb(1) Recovery
• Boot off the tape drive.• Select option 3 “Maintenance mode for
system recovery”.• Access your devices.• Restore files.• Boot.
April 19, 2023 Webinar 11
AIX – NIM(1)
• Requires a NIM master and the number of client instances.
• NIM depends on certain protocols (NFS, bootp or DHCP, and TFTP). Older versions of AIX also required RSH and other RCMD commands, but in AIX 5.3 and above you can use basic nimsh or openssl.
• NIM master must be at the highest level of AIX that it is required to support.
• Now supports Linux installations too.
April 19, 2023 Webinar 12
HP-UX – make_tape_recovery(1)Pros highlights:• For managing a single or limited number of servers.• Can be used for system cloning.• Use when servers are not networked.• Suitable tape drive must exist.• Allows backup to tape drive, CD-ROM, or DVD.• Interactive and non-interactive.• Supports tar (default), cpio or pax formats.• Supports LVM and VxVM.• Multi-tape CLUI only.• Configurable.• Versions 7.x and above have ability to block particular
paths and protocols during inventory (see instl_adm(4)).
April 19, 2023 Webinar 13
HP-UX – make_tape_recovery(1)
Cons highlights:• Identical tape drive is needed for an off-site
recovery.• Cannot back up files that are mounted from a
remote server.• Does not have built-in error checking to minimize
problems when backing up an active file system.• LVM disk mirrors not restored.• LVM physical extents allocated to a logical volume
may be in a different location on a disk than before (consider extending contiguous volumes).
• Cannot use remote tape drive.*
April 19, 2023 Webinar 14
HP-UX – make_tape_recovery(1) checks
# check_tape_recovery
# copy_boot_tape –u /dev/rmt/0mn –b –d /tmp
# lifls –l /tmp/bootimage
# mt –f /dev/rmt/0mn rew
# mt –f /dev/rmt/0mn fsf 1
# tar tvf /dev/rmt/0mn*
April 19, 2023 Webinar 15
HP-UX – make_net_recovery(1)
Pros highlights:• For managing a large number of servers.• Can be used for system cloning.• Use when servers are networked.• No tape, CD-ROM, or DVD drives needed.• Interactive and non-interactive.• Supports tar (default), cpio or pax formats.• Highly configurable.
April 19, 2023 Webinar 16
HP-UX – make_net_recovery(1)
Cons highlights:• Requires large space if many clients are
backed up.• Ignite-UX bundles must be at same version
on server and clients.• NFS used to save data to Ignite server
(firewall issues, especially older versions of NFS)*.
• Requires Ignite server for recoveries.
April 19, 2023 Webinar 17
HP-UX – make_net_recovery Protocols and Ports67 bootpd UDP2 Bootstrap Protocol Server -
This service should function only if the server is a BOOTP/DHCP server
68 bootpd UDP Bootstrap Protocol Client -
This service should function only if the server is a BOOTP server
69 tftpd UDP Trivial File Transfer Protocol -
Found on systems that have Ignite-UX installed. This service should
function only if the host is being used as a TFTP server
111 portmap/sunrpc/ rpcbind TCP/UDP SUN Remote
Procedure Call (RPC)
April 19, 2023 Webinar 18
HP-UX – make_net_recovery Protocols and Ports (continued)135 rpcd/dced TCP Distributed ComputingEnvironment (DCE)-based RPC
514 shell TCP Remote Command, No Password Used
1067 instl_boots UDP Installation Bootstrap Protocol Server
1068 instl_bootc UDP Installation Bootstrap Protocol Client
2049 nfsd TCP/UDP NFS Remote File System
April 19, 2023 Webinar 19
HP-UX – make_net_recovery Protocols and Ports (continued)2121 swagentd TCP/UDP HP Software Distributor
Daemon - Used for communication between systems for
software installation, listing, or other sw commands
4000 - 4009 secure swagent ports TCP/UDP
The swagent firewall configurable ports
49152 - 65535 Dynamic or Private Ports TCP/UDP
Dynamic and Private Ports are used by many applications for
dynamic port assignments. UDP ports in this range are often
RPC ports
April 19, 2023 Webinar 20
HP-UX – Ignite(1) Examples
# make_tape_recovery -v -a /dev/rtape/tape3 -x \
inc_entire=vg00 -d “mysrv Ignite“
# make_net_recovery -s remsrv -n 3 -P s -x inc_entire=vg00 \
-x exclude=/tmp -x exclude=/var/tmp –d “mysrv Ignite"
April 19, 2023 Webinar 21
HP-UX – Dynamic Root Disk
• DRD (current release A.3.1.0 - February 2008) runs on both Integrity and PA platforms running the following operating systems:
HP-UX 11i v2 (11.23) September 2004 or more recent
HP-UX 11i v3 (11.31)• Root group being cloned can be managed by any
release of LVM on an O/S release supported by DRD. In addition, the root group can be managed by VxVM 4.1 (HP-UX 11i v2 or 11i v3) or VxVM 5.0 (HP-UX 11i v2 only).
April 19, 2023 Webinar 22
HP-UX DRD Benefit: Minimizing Planned Downtime
Without DRD: Software management may require extended downtimeWith DRD: Install/remove software on the clone while applications continue running
lvol1lvol2lvol3
vg00 (inactive)
boot diskboot mirror
lvol1lvol2lvol3
lvol1lvol2lvol3
cloned vg00 (active/patched)
clone disk
clone mirror
lvol1lvol2lvol3
lvol1lvol2lvol3
vg00 (active)
boot diskboot mirror
lvol1lvol2lvol3
lvol1lvol2lvol3
cloned vg00 (inactive/patched)
clone disk
clone mirror
lvol1lvol2lvol3
Install patcheson the clone;applications
remain running
Activate theclone to makechanges take
effect
April 19, 2023 Webinar 23
HP-UX – Dynamic Root DiskPros highlights:• Fully supported by HP.• Full clone.• Complements other parts of total HP solution by reducing
system downtime required to install and update patches and other software.
• Copy operation is currently done by fbackup and frecover.• Kctune(1) command can be used to modify kernel
parameters in the clone.• The ioconfig file and the entire /dev directory are copied by
the DRD clone operation, so instance numbers will not change when the clone is booted.*
• Supports nPars, vPars, and Integrity VMs.
April 19, 2023 Webinar 24
HP-UX – Dynamic Root Disk
Pros highlights:• No tape drive is needed.• No impact on network performance.• No security issues of transferring data across the
network.• All DRD processes, including drd clone and drd
runcmd, can be safely interrupted issuing Control-C (SIGINT) from the controlling terminal or by issuing kill -HUP<pid> (SIGHUP). This action causes DRD to abort processing and perform any necessary clean up. Do not interrupt DRD using the kill -9 <pid> command (SIGKILL), which fails to abort safely and does not perform cleanup.
April 19, 2023 Webinar 25
HP-UX – Dynamic Root Disk
Cons highlights:• VxVM 5.0 not supported in HP-UX 11.31 yet.• Target disk must be a single disk.• Not easy to list all differences between active VG
and the clone.**• Cloning should be done when the server’s activity
is quiescent.• Cloned disk can be used to boot another system -
it is possible to do this, however, factors such as machine personality (e.g., hostname, IP address and so on) make this very difficult. HP does not recommend using the cloned disk to boot another system.
April 19, 2023 Webinar 26
HP-UX – Dynamic Root DiskCons:• Only the contents of vg00 are copied. A system that has /opt
(or any file system that is patched) not in vg00 is not suitable for use with DRD.
• Does not provide a mechanism for resizing file systems during a drd clone operation. However, after the clone is created, you can manually change file system sizes on the inactive system without needing an immediate reboot. The whitepaper, Using the Dynamic Root Disk Toolset describes resizing file systems other than /stand. The whitepaper Using the DRD toolset to extend the /stand file system in an LVM environment describes resizing the boot (/stand) file system on an inactive system image.
• Current release of DRD does not copy the Itanium service partition (s3).
April 19, 2023 Webinar 27
HP-UX – Dynamic Root Disk Examples
HP-UX 11.21:
# drd clone -t /dev/dsk/c2t1d0 -x overwrite=true [-x mirror_disk=/dev/dsk/c3t0d1]
HP-UX 11.31, use agile views:
# drd clone -t /dev/disk/disk32 -x overwrite=true [-x mirror_disk=/dev/disk/disk41]
Note that all partitions on Itanium disk are created
and s1 and s2 are copied.
April 19, 2023 Webinar 28
HP-UX – Dynamic Root Disk Examples
# drd runcmd kctune maxuprc=350
# drd runcmd swlist
# drd runcmd swinstall –s mysrv:/mydepot PHSS_01111
# drd runcmd swremove PHSS_01111
# drd runcmd view /var/adm/sw/swagent.log
April 19, 2023 Webinar 29
Linux – Mondo Rescue
Mondo Rescue is a GPL disaster recovery solution.
It supports Linux (i386, x86_64, ia64) and FreeBSD (i386).
Packaged for multiple distributions (RedHat, RHEL,
SuSE, SLES, Mandiva, Debian, Gentoo).
Uses afio* to create cpio-format archives.
April 19, 2023 Webinar 30
Linux – Mondo Rescue
Pros highlights:• GNU General Public License (GPL).• Supports LVM 1 and 2, RAID, ext2, ext3, JFS, XFS,
ReiserFS, VFAT and UFS.• Supports tapes, disks, network and CD/DVD as backup
media, multiple file systems, USB key/disks, LVM, software and hardware RAID (no more floppy support).
• Can use used in interactive and non-interactive mode.• Can backup data to NFS.• Can move/resize/re-allocate partitions.• Supports GRUB and LILO boot managers.
April 19, 2023 Webinar 31
Linux – Mondo Rescue Cons highlights:• Certain packages can create problems.• Watch our for number of free inodes (backups can fail).• Long backups due to huge sparse /var/log/lastlog file.• Cannot handle system and hidden attributes when archiving DOS/Windows
files.• Number of bugs: http://trac.mondorescue.org/• Does not support Red Hat GFS yet.• Does not support multipathing devices (/dev/mapper/mapthXpY).• Should have option to select NIC when archiving across network (currently it
takes the first interface available).• Pre- and Post-install script support for restores.• Does not support bootable USB that backs up to DVDs.• Does not support sshfs (CloneZilla has it) and webdav.• Can hang if no floppy present.• Issues when mounting /proc in a chroot environment (for example, mount –
bind /proc /var/named/chroot/proc).• Does not work with SELinux.
April 19, 2023 Webinar 32
Linux – Mondo Rescue Examples
# mondoarchive -OVr -d /dev/dvd -9 -I \
“/etc /home” –gF
# mondoarchive -OVr -d /scd0 mydir/ -0i -qF \
–s 4480m
# mondoarchive -0t –d /dev/st0
April 19, 2023 Webinar 33
Linux – Mondo Rescue Network Recovery
• Uses network by default.
• Boot from the Mindi mondorescue.iso and hit ENTER a few times to restore. Mindi (Mindi-Linux) makes a mini-distribution from your kernel, modules, modules, tools and libraries. It can also generate an El Torito 2.88/5.76MB boot disk image. Mondo uses Mindi to create a mini-distro, then boots from it and runs on it.
• The ISO images can also be used for a PXE restore. For this to work, refer to the file README.pxe provided with Mindi package.
April 19, 2023 Webinar 34
Linux – Clonezilla Clonezilla is a GPL disaster recovery solution.
It supports Linux and Microsoft Windows.
Clonezilla Live: Allows you to use CD/DVD or USB flash drive to boot
and run clonezilla (unicast only).
Clonezilla server edition: A DRBL* server must first be set up in order to
use Clonezilla (Both unicast and multicast are supported).
Based on Partimage, ntfsclone and dd to clone partition. However,
clonezilla, containing some other programs, can save and restore not
only partitions, but also a whole disk.
April 19, 2023 Webinar 35
Linux – Clonezilla
Pros highlights:• File system supported: ext2 2, ext 3, ReiserFS,
XFS, JFS, FAT, and NTFS. For these file systems, only used blocks in partition are saved and restored. For unsupported file system, sector-to-sector copy is done by dd in Clonezilla.
• LVM 2 is supported.• Multicast is supported in Clonezilla server edition,
which is suitable for massive cloning. You can also remotely use it to save or restore machines if PXE and Wake-on-LAN are supported in your clients.
April 19, 2023 Webinar 36
Linux – Clonezilla
Cons highlights:• LVM 2 is supported but LVM 1 is not.• Multicast is supported in Clonezilla server
edition, which is suitable for massive cloning. You can also remotely use it to save or restore machines if PXE and Wake-on-LAN are supported in your clients.
• Due to the limitations of program mkisofs , ocs-iso can not process an image file larger than 4.5 GB. For this reason, if your image is larger than 4.5 GB, ocs-iso will refuse to process it.
April 19, 2023 Webinar 37
Linux – Clonezilla Examples# /opt/drbl/sbin/ocs-live
# /opt/drbl/sbin/ocs-iso myimage*
# /opt/drbl/sbin/ocs-iso -g en -t -k NONE -e "-g auto -b -c restoredisk myimg2 hda" myimg2**
# /opt/drbl/sbin/ocs-iso image3 image4
# /opt/drbl/sbin/ocs-iso -g en -k NONE -s -m ./cust-ocs***
# /opt/drbl/sbin/ocs-live-dev -g en -k NONE -s -c -m ./cust-ocs***
April 19, 2023 Webinar 38
Solaris – ufsdump(1)
Pros highlights:• Easier to restore individual files.• Allows you to choose directories to back up.• Allows you to back up entire system.• Allows backup to tape drive (both local and
remote!), CD-ROM, file, or diskette.• Supports UFS and VxFS.• Portable to other versions of dump/restore.• Interactive and non-interactive.
April 19, 2023 Webinar 39
Solaris – ufsdump(1)Cons highlights:• Backs up single file system only – you must enter
multiple ufsdump commands to back up data.• Possible errors when backing up open files.*• Cannot automatically calculate number of tapes
need.**• Cannot back up files that are mounted from remote
server.• Does not have built-in error checking to minimize
problems when backing up an active file system.***• Not efficient in tuning transfer rates to tape drive.• Ufsrestore requires some prior knowledge of disk
partitioning.• Does not support ZFS.
April 19, 2023 Webinar 40
Solaris – ufsdump(1) Comparison with HP-UX Ignite
• make_tape_recovery creates a bootable tape. There is no need to boot of the installation CD-ROM or DVD.
• make_tape_recovery does not require to partition the boot disk manually in recovery process.
• make_tape_recovery is fully automated.• Solaris ufsdump resembles fbackup in HP-
UX.
April 19, 2023 Webinar 41
Solaris – ufsdump(1) Examples
# ufsdump 0f - /dev/rdsk/c0t2d4s5 | \
( cd /home && ufsrestore xpf -)
# ufsdump 0uf /dev/rmt/1cn /dev/rdsk/c3t1d2s1
# ufsdump 0f /home/etc.dmp /etc
# ufsdump 0f – /dev/md/rdsk/d33 | \
ssh remsrv “dd obs=32k ibs=32k of=/dev/rmt/0n”
# ufsdump 0ucf remsrv:/dev/rmt/0 /usr
April 19, 2023 Webinar 42
Solaris – ufsrestore(1) Example
1.Boot from the media at OBP prompt: ok boot -s cdrom2. Format the new boot disk.3. Newfs each of the partitions on the boot diskthat are to be restored: # newfs /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0 (/) # newfs /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s3 (/usr) # newfs /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s4 (/var) # newfs /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s5 (/tmp)
4. Each slice should be fsck to make sure newfsworked.
April 19, 2023 Webinar 43
Solaris – ufsrestore(1) Example (continued)5. Mount all slice to be restored (do not mount or
restore swap):# mount /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s0 /a# cd /a# ufsrestore rvf /dev/rmt/0n# rm restoresymtable # mount /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s3 /a/usr # mount /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s4 /a/var# mount /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s5 /a/tmp …# cd /a/usr# ufsrestore rvf /dev/rmt/0n …
April 19, 2023 Webinar 44
Solaris – ufsrestore(1) Example (continued)6. Unmount the file systems: # cd / # umount /a/usr # umount /a/var …7. For Solaris 2.5 and greater, run the installboot(1)
program to re-install the boot block: # cd /usr/platform/`uname -i`/lib/fs/ufs # installboot bootblk /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0 8. Check the file systems:# fsck /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0 # fsck /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s3 ...9. Reboot the server.
April 19, 2023 Webinar 45
Solaris – flash(1)
Pros highlights:• Creates archives in cpio (default) or pax
formats. Use “-L pax” for flarcreate(1) if individual files are larger than 4 GB.
• Can create differential archives (flag “-A unchanged_master_image_dir”).
• Customisable.• Flash archives can be copied to NFS, HTTP or
HTTPS server, FTP server, tape, CD-ROM, DVD, diskette, and local drive of clone system.
• Non-interactive.
April 19, 2023 Webinar 46
Solaris – flash(1)
Cons highlights:• Flash creation software removes all RAID-1 volume
information from the archive to keep the integrity of the clone system.
• VxVM stores configuration information in areas not available to Solaris Flash. If VxVM file systems have been configured, do not create Flash archives.
• Active sockets (like /var/tmp/orbit-* directories) can cause flash failures).
• The master system and the clone systems must have the same kernel architectures.
• Soft partitions not handled properly.
April 19, 2023 Webinar 47
Solaris – flash(1)
April 19, 2023 Webinar 48
Solaris – JumpStart Protocols and Ports
TCP and UDP 37 (time)
UDP 67 (bootp/DHCP)
UDP 69 (TFTP)
TCP and UDP 2049 (NFSv4)
TCP and UDP 4045 (lockd, may not be needed)
UDP 111 (Sun RPC)
April 19, 2023 Webinar 49
Solaris – flash(1) Examples
# flarcreate -n mysrv.flar -c -S -R / -t /dev/rmt/2*
# flar info -t /dev/rmt/2
files_archived_method=cpio creation_date=200802171923517 creation_master=mysrv content_name=mysrv.flar creation_node=mysrv creation_hardware_class=sun4u creation_platform=SUNW,Sun-Fire-T200 creation_processor=sparc creation_release=5.10 creation_os_name=SunOS creation_os_version=Generic_118833-36 files_compressed_method=none content_architectures=sun4u
# flarcreate -n “mysrv" -S /mysrv.flar
April 19, 2023 Webinar 50
Solaris – flash(1) Restore Example
• If you want to install the system using a flash archive, select Initial option. Follow the prompts and answer questions.
• Options offered:
F2_Upgrade F3_Go Back F4_Initial F5_Exit F6_Help
Select F4_Initial.
• Select Solaris Interactive Installation (Menu 2). Follow the prompts and answer questions.
April 19, 2023 Webinar 51
Solaris – flash(1) Restore Example (continue)• Options offered: F2_Standard F3_Go Back F4_Flash F5_Exit F6_Help
Select F4_Flash and follow the prompts:
Flash Archive Installation Method Available Retrieval Methods [ ] HTTP -> default [ ] NFS [ ] Local File [X] Local Tape -> selected [ ] Local Device
April 19, 2023 Webinar 52
Solaris – flash(1) Restore Example (continue)
F2_Continue F5_Cancel F6_Help
Preserve Data?
F2_Continue F3_Go Back F4_Preserve F5_Exit F6_Help
File System and Disk Layout
F2_Continue F3_Go Back F4_Customize F5_Exit F6_Help
Mount Remote File Systems?
F2_Continue F3_Go Back F4_Remote Mounts F5_Exit F6_Help
April 19, 2023 Webinar 53
Solaris – flash(1) Extract Files
# flar split mysrv.flar
# ls
archive identification predeployment summary
cookie postdeployment reboot
# cpio –it <archive | grep myfile
export/home/somefile
# cpio –ivdm export/home/somefile <archive
April 19, 2023 Webinar 54
Solaris – Bootable JumpStart Installation CD-ROM
http://www.sun.com/blueprints/0301/BuildBoot.pdf
http://mah.everybody.org/docs/bootable-cdrom-for-solaris/
April 19, 2023 Webinar 55
Solaris – fssnap(1)
Create a snapshot of a file system:
The block special device created for the snapshot is
/dev/fssnap/0
# fssnap -F ufs -o backing-store=/var/tmp/snap /home /dev/fssnap/0
NOTE: Do not use tmpfs (/tmp) for backing store!
April 19, 2023 Webinar 56
Solaris – fssnap(1) (continued)
Backing up a file system snapshot without unmounting the file system:
Since ufsdump requires the path to a raw device,
the raw option is used. The /home file system snapshot is then removed
# ufsdump 0uf /dev/rmt/0 `fssnap -F ufs -o raw,bs=/dev/rdsk/c2t1d0s6 /home
# fssnap -F ufs -d /home
April 19, 2023 Webinar 57
Solaris – fssnap(1) (continued)
Backing up a file system:
When backing up a file system, do not let the
backing-store file exceed 400 Mbytes. The second
command removes the /home file system snapshot
# ufsdump 0uf /dev/rmt/0 `fssnap -F ufs -o maxsize=400m,backing-store=/var/tmp/snap,raw /home`
# fssnap -F ufs -d /home
April 19, 2023 Webinar 58
Solaris – fssnap(1) (continued)
Incremental dump of a file system:
# ufsdump IfNu /dev/rmt/0 /dev/rdsk/c0t3d0s2 \
`fssnap -F ufs -o raw,bs=/var/tmp/scratch,unlink \
/dev/rdsk/c0t3d0s2`
April 19, 2023 Webinar 59
Solaris – fssnap(1) (continued)
Listing available snapshots:
# fssnap -i
0 /var
1 /home
2 /usr/local
April 19, 2023 Webinar 60
Solaris – fssnap(1) (continued)
Display snapshot details:
# fssnap -i -o backing-store-len,backing-store,createtime /home
196608 /var/tmp/snap2 Thu Feb 13 16:35:28 2008
April 19, 2023 Webinar 61
Solaris – fssnap(1) (continued)
Mount file system snap:
Create a file system snapshot. Then, mount it on
/tmp/myfs for temporary read-only access
# fssnap -F ufs -o backing-store=/var/tmp/scratch /home /dev/fssnap/1
# mkdir /somefilesystem/myfs
# mount -F ufs -o ro /dev/fssnap/1 /somefilesystem/myfs
April 19, 2023 Webinar 62
Solaris Containers – Flash Archives
• All zones must be stopped when the flash archive is made from the global zone.
• If the source and target systems use different hardware configurations, device assignments must be changed after the flash archive is installed.
• Soft partitions in SVM cannot be flash archived yet.
April 19, 2023 Webinar 63
Tru64 – btcreate(1)
Pros highlights:• Can create bootable Standalone System
(SA) kernel on tape for UFS and ADVFS.• Interactive and non-interactive backups.
Cons highlights:• Specific to Tru64.• Identical tape drive is needed for an off-site
recovery.
April 19, 2023 Webinar 64
Tru64 – btcreate(1)• The tape consists of a tape boot block, a specialized
kernel, a stripped-down operating system, and a backup of your system partitions. Once it is created, complete restores are as simple as booting the prepared tape from the console:
>>> init>>> show dev>>> boot -fl "nc" MKA400
• Because the facility utilizes dump or vdump, the normal caveats apply. Ideally, you should create the tape while the system is in single-user mode:
# /usr/sys/bin/btcreate -f -k MYKERNEL -m mfs -t nrmt1h \
-s /nfsdrive/btcreate.mykernel
April 19, 2023 Webinar 65
Tru64 – Bootable CD for NHD7 Tru64 5.1B on Alpha DS 15 server*• Copy the files from the CD in a directory ("BUILD“)• Add the "ds15kernel" file• Then run the following Tru64 command's:
# cd BUILD
# mkisofs -D -R -d -o -b -quiet -p "your name" \
-P "your org." -V "V5.1Br2650_O1" -o ../TRU64DS15.iso .
# disklabel -w -t cdfs -f ../TRU64DS15.iso
# echo "\0\c" || dd bs=1024k conv=sync >> ../TRU64DS15.iso
• Copy the ISO to a PC with a CD burner and burn the image to CD-R
• Put the cd into your DS15, and boot it using:
P>>> b -file ds15kernel dqa0
April 19, 2023 Webinar 66
Bare Metal Recovery – Selected Commercial Products• HP Data Protector Express offers extended platform
support with six different Bare Metal Disaster Recovery methods (integrated into the product). Supports Linux, Windows, and NetWare.*
• Symantec (Veritas) Bare Metal Restore. Part of Enterprise NBU 6.5. Includes support for AIX, HP-UX, Solaris, Linux, and Windows (why would anyone use the latter?).
• IBM Tivoli Storage Manager for System Backup and Recovery (for AIX 5.x only). Supports full system (installation image), volume group, file system (JFS, JFS2, NFS, CDFS), file or directory, and raw logical volume.
April 19, 2023 Webinar 67
Bare Metal Recovery –Commercial Products• EMC Home Base.
April 19, 2023 Webinar 68
Bare Metal Recovery –Commercial Products• UniTrends Data Protection Unit (appliance).
April 19, 2023 Webinar 69
Where to Find More Information• AIX mksysb:
http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/clresctr/vxrx/topic/com.ibm.cluster.csm16010.install.doc/am7il_mksysb.html
• AIX script to automate mksysb via NIM:
http://www.unix.com/shell-programming-scripting/47006-script-automate-mksysb-via-nim-aix-5-3-a.html
• AIX FAQ:
http://www.faqs.org/faqs/aix-faq/• Symantec (Veritas) Bare Metal Restore:
http://www.symantec.com/products/
April 19, 2023 Webinar 70
Where to Find More Information• HP-IX Ignite:
http://docs.hp.com/en/IUX/• Tru64 btcreate:
http://h30097.www3.hp.com/docs/base_doc/DOCUMENTATION/V51B_HTML/MAN/MAN8/0043____.HTM
• Tru64 bare metal recovery:
http://www.backupcentral.com/components/com_mambowiki/index.php/Tru64_Bare_Metal_Recovery
• Backup Central:
http://www.backupcentral.com/
April 19, 2023 Webinar 71
Where to Find More Information• EMC HomeBase:
http://www.emc.com/solutions/samples/backup-recovery-archiving/bare-metal-recovery.htm
• HP Data Protector Express:
http://www.hp.com/go/dataprotectorexpress• Mondo Rescue:
http://www.mondorescue/org/• Mondo Rescue hardware migration:
http://www.mondorescue.com/docs/hwmigration-2.3.pdf
• Solaris Flash:http://www.sun.com/bigadmin/content/submitted/flash_archive.jsp
April 19, 2023 Webinar 72
Where to Find More Information• Diskless Remote Boot in Linux:
http://drbl.sourceforge.net/• Clonezilla:
http://clonezilla.sourceforge.net/• HP-UX Dynamic Root Disk:
http://docs.hp.com/en/DRD/faq.html