Commissioning Guide(V200R011C00 02)

OptiX OSN 3500 Intelligent Optical TransmissionSystemV200R011C00

Commissioning Guide

Issue 02

Date 2010-11-01

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2010. All rights reserved.No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior writtenconsent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Trademarks and Permissions

and other Huawei trademarks are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective holders. NoticeThe purchased products, services and features are stipulated by the contract made between Huawei and thecustomer. All or part of the products, services and features described in this document may not be within thepurchase scope or the usage scope. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, all statements, information,and recommendations in this document are provided "AS IS" without warranties, guarantees or representationsof any kind, either express or implied.

The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in thepreparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, andrecommendations in this document do not constitute the warranty of any kind, express or implied.

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.Address: Huawei Industrial Base

Bantian, LonggangShenzhen 518129People's Republic of China

Website: http://www.huawei.com

Email: [email protected]

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http://www.huawei.com

mailto:[email protected]

About This Document

Related VersionsThe following table lists the product versions related to this document.

Product Name Version

OptiX OSN 3500 V200R011C00

iManager U2000 LCT V100R002C01

iManager U2000 V100R002C01

Intended AudienceThe Commissioning Guide describes the entire process for commissioning the OptiX OSN3500 equipment. This document covers the description of preparation before commissioning,methods and steps for each commissioning item.

With the guidelines provided in this document, you can commission the OptiX OSN 3500equipment.

The intended audience of this document is Installation and Commissioning Engineer.

Symbol ConventionsThe symbols that may be found in this document are defined as follows.

Symbol Description

DANGERIndicates a hazard with a high level of risk, which if notavoided, will result in death or serious injury.

WARNINGIndicates a hazard with a medium or low level of risk, whichif not avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury.

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Symbol Description

CAUTIONIndicates a potentially hazardous situation, which if notavoided, could result in equipment damage, data loss,performance degradation, or unexpected results.

TIP Indicates a tip that may help you solve a problem or savetime.

NOTE Provides additional information to emphasize or supplementimportant points of the main text.

GUI ConventionsThe GUI conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows.

Convention Description

Boldface Buttons, menus, parameters, tabs, window, and dialog titlesare in boldface. For example, click OK.

> Multi-level menus are in boldface and separated by the ">"signs. For example, choose File > Create > Folder.

Change HistoryUpdates between document issues are cumulative. Therefore, the latest document issue containsall updates made in previous issues.

Updates in Release 02 (2010-11-01) Based on ProductVersion V200R011C00

This document is the second release of V200R011C00. Compared with the previous release, itadds or optimizes the following contents:

l In topic "Configuring NE Commissioning Data", the description of "Configuring NE PowerConsumption Management" is added.

l "Testing Packet Service Channels" is optimized.

About This DocumentOptiX OSN 3500 Intelligent Optical Transmission System

Commissioning Guide

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This document is the first release of V200R011C00. Compared with the previous release, it addsor optimizes the following contents:

l "Commissioning Tasks" is added.

l "Checking Alarms of a Single NE" is added.

l "Testing Connection of Cables to CES Service Interfaces" is added.

l "Checking Fiber Connections of a Packet Network" is added.

l "Testing Cross-plane Services" is added.

l "Testing CES Services" is added.

l "Checking Networkwide Alarms" is added.

l "Configuring NE Commissioning Data" is optimized.

l "Configuring the Inband DCN" is optimized.

l "Testing the Clock Protection Switching" is optimized.

l "Testing the Protection Switching Schemes on the PSN Network" is optimized.

l "Testing Packet Service Channels" is optimized.

l "Testing Packet Ethernet Services" is optimized.


This document is the fourth release of V100R009C03. Compared with the third release, it addsor optimizes the following contents:

l "Testing the TPS of the Electrical Interfaces" is optimized.

l Several bugs in this document of the previous version are fixed.


This document is the third release of V100R009C03. Compared with the second release, it addsor optimizes the following contents:

l Associated screenshots and steps are added in the topic of Configuring the Inband DCN.

l The step about using an Ethenet cable tester to test the Ethernet cable is added in the topicof Testing Connection Between the Cables and the Service Interfaces.

l The description about how to perform an MPLS OAM test to test the Ethenet channel isadded in the topic of Testing Ethernet Service Channels.

OptiX OSN 3500 Intelligent Optical Transmission SystemCommissioning Guide About This Document


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This document is the Second release of V100R009C03. Compared with the first release, it addsor optimizes the following contents:

l "Setting the NE IP" is added in "Per-NE Commissioning".l "Configuring the Inband DCN" is added in "Per-NE Commissioning".l "Testing the MPLS APS Protection Switching" is added in "System Commissioning".


This document is the first release of V100R009C03. Compared with the V100R009C02 release,it adds or optimizes the following contents:

l "Testing the Switching of the Power Supplies" is added in "Per-NE Commissioning".l "Testing Ethernet Service Channels by Using the MPLS OAM Function" is added in

"System Commissioning".

About This DocumentOptiX OSN 3500 Intelligent Optical Transmission System

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Contents

About This Document...................................................................................................................iii

1 Safety Precautions......................................................................................................................1-11.1 General Safety Precautions.............................................................................................................................1-21.2 Warning and Safety Symbols..........................................................................................................................1-31.3 Electrical Safety..............................................................................................................................................1-41.4 Environment of Flammable Gas.....................................................................................................................1-71.5 Storage Batteries.............................................................................................................................................1-71.6 Radiation.........................................................................................................................................................1-9

1.6.1 Safe Usage of Optical Fibers..................................................................................................................1-91.6.2 Electromagnetic Exposure....................................................................................................................1-111.6.3 Forbidden Areas...................................................................................................................................1-111.6.4 Laser.....................................................................................................................................................1-121.6.5 Microwave............................................................................................................................................1-12

1.7 Working at Heights.......................................................................................................................................1-131.7.1 Hoisting Heavy Objects.......................................................................................................................1-131.7.2 Using Ladders......................................................................................................................................1-14

1.8 Mechanical Safety.........................................................................................................................................1-161.9 Other Precautions..........................................................................................................................................1-17

2 Preparations for Equipment Commissioning.......................................................................2-12.1 Preparation of Commissioning Meters and Tools...........................................................................................2-22.2 Reference Documents.....................................................................................................................................2-22.3 Network Design Information..........................................................................................................................2-32.4 Check Before Commissioning........................................................................................................................2-32.5 Requirements for the Commissioning Personnel............................................................................................2-4

3 Commissioning procedure.......................................................................................................3-13.1 Commissioning Procedure in Packet Mode....................................................................................................3-23.2 Commissioning Procedure in TDM Mode......................................................................................................3-33.3 Commissioning Procedure in Hybrid Mode....................................................................................................3-4

4 Per-NE Commissioning.............................................................................................................4-14.1 Connecting the PC...........................................................................................................................................4-34.2 Starting the U2000 LCT..................................................................................................................................4-4

4.2.1 Starting the PC.......................................................................................................................................4-4

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4.2.2 Setting the IP Address of the PC............................................................................................................4-54.2.3 Starting the U2000 LCT Server.............................................................................................................4-64.2.4 Starting the U2000 LCT Client..............................................................................................................4-6

4.3 Logging in to an NE........................................................................................................................................4-74.4 Configuring NE Commissioning Data............................................................................................................4-9

4.4.1 Setting the NE ID...................................................................................................................................4-94.4.2 Configuring LSR ID.............................................................................................................................4-104.4.3 Setting the NE IP..................................................................................................................................4-104.4.4 Configuring the NNIs for Ethernet Services Carried by Static MPLS Tunnels...................................4-114.4.5 Setting the NE Name, Date, and Time.................................................................................................4-124.4.6 Configuring Services for the Per-NE Commissioning.........................................................................4-134.4.7 Configuring NE Power Consumption Management............................................................................4-17

4.5 Testing Connection Between the Cables and the PDH Service Interfaces...................................................4-184.6 Testing Connection of Cables to CES Service Interfaces.............................................................................4-204.7 Testing Specifications of Optical Interfaces.................................................................................................4-23

4.7.1 Testing the Mean Launched Optical Power.........................................................................................4-244.7.2 Testing the Received Optical Power of an Optical Interface Board....................................................4-26

4.8 Testing Board Protection Switching.............................................................................................................4-284.8.1 Testing the TPS of the Electrical Interfaces.........................................................................................4-284.8.2 Testing the 1+1 Protection of the Cross-Connect and Timing Board..................................................4-314.8.3 Testing the 1+1 Protection of the GSCC Board...................................................................................4-334.8.4 Testing the Switching of the Power Supplies.......................................................................................4-36

4.9 Checking Alarms of a Single NE..................................................................................................................4-37

5 System Commissioning............................................................................................................5-15.1 Testing the Received Optical Power of an Optical Interface Board...............................................................5-45.2 Checking the Networkwide Fiber Connections..............................................................................................5-4

5.2.1 Checking the Fiber Connection of the SDH Network............................................................................5-45.2.2 Checking Fiber Connections of a Packet Network................................................................................5-8

5.3 Checking Connection Between the U2000 Computer and the Equipment.....................................................5-95.3.1 Checking Direct Connection Between the U2000 Computer and the Equipment...............................5-105.3.2 Checking Connection Between the U2000 Computer and the Equipment Through a LAN...............5-12

5.4 Configuring the Inband DCN........................................................................................................................5-145.4.1 Configuring the DCN Function of a Port.............................................................................................5-155.4.2 Configuring the Protocol Stack Used by the Inband DCN..................................................................5-155.4.3 Setting the VLAN ID and Bandwidth Used by the Inband DCN........................................................5-165.4.4 Setting the NMS Access Parameters....................................................................................................5-175.4.5 Checking the DCN Routing Table.......................................................................................................5-185.4.6 Verifying the Configuration of the Inband DCN.................................................................................5-19

5.5 Creating and Configuring the Network.........................................................................................................5-205.6 Querying the Networkwide Software Versions............................................................................................5-225.7 Synchronizing the NE Time with the NM....................................................................................................5-225.8 Enabling, Disabling and Setting Performance Monitoring of the NE...........................................................5-23

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5.9 Testing the Clock Protection Switching........................................................................................................5-245.9.1 Testing SDH Clock Protection Switching............................................................................................5-245.9.2 Testing the IEEE 1588v2 Clock Protection Switching........................................................................5-25

5.10 Testing SDH Network Protection Switching..............................................................................................5-275.10.1 Testing the Two-Fiber Bidirectional MSP Ring Protection Switching..............................................5-275.10.2 Testing the Four-Fiber Bidirectional MSP Ring Protection Switching.............................................5-305.10.3 Testing the 1+1 or 1:1 Linear MS Protection Switching...................................................................5-335.10.4 Testing the SNCP Protection Switching............................................................................................5-35

5.11 Testing the Protection Switching Schemes on the PSN Network...............................................................5-375.11.1 Test the MPLS Tunnel APS Protection Switching............................................................................5-375.11.2 Testing the MPLS PW APS...............................................................................................................5-39

5.12 Testing EoS Service Channels....................................................................................................................5-415.12.1 Testing EoS Service Channels by Using Ping Commands................................................................5-415.12.2 Testing EoS Channels by Using ETH-OAM ....................................................................................5-43

5.13 Testing Packet Service Channels................................................................................................................5-445.13.1 Testing Tunnels by Using the MPLS OAM Function........................................................................5-445.13.2 Testing PWs by Using the PW OAM Function.................................................................................5-47

5.14 Testing Packet Ethernet Services................................................................................................................5-485.14.1 Testing Packet Ethernet Service Channels by Using the Ping Commands........................................5-485.14.2 Testing Packet Ethernet Service Channels by Using ETH-OAM......................................................5-50

5.15 Testing Cross-domain Services...................................................................................................................5-535.15.1 Using the Ping Commands to Test Cross-domain Service Channels.................................................5-545.15.2 Using Loopbacks to Test Cross-domain Service Channels...............................................................5-56

5.16 Testing CES Services..................................................................................................................................5-575.17 Testing Packet Loss on Cross-domian Service Channels...........................................................................5-595.18 Testing the Point-to-Point BER...................................................................................................................5-615.19 Testing Orderwire.......................................................................................................................................5-63

5.19.1 Testing the Orderwire Call.................................................................................................................5-635.19.2 Testing the Conference Call...............................................................................................................5-64

5.20 Checking Networkwide Alarms..................................................................................................................5-65

A Glossary.....................................................................................................................................A-1A.1 Numerics........................................................................................................................................................A-3A.2 A....................................................................................................................................................................A-3A.3 B....................................................................................................................................................................A-5A.4 C....................................................................................................................................................................A-6A.5 D....................................................................................................................................................................A-9A.6 E...................................................................................................................................................................A-10A.7 F...................................................................................................................................................................A-12A.8 G..................................................................................................................................................................A-14A.9 H..................................................................................................................................................................A-14A.10 I..................................................................................................................................................................A-15A.11 J..................................................................................................................................................................A-16

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A.12 L.................................................................................................................................................................A-16A.13 M................................................................................................................................................................A-18A.14 N................................................................................................................................................................A-19A.15 O................................................................................................................................................................A-20A.16 P.................................................................................................................................................................A-21A.17 Q................................................................................................................................................................A-23A.18 R................................................................................................................................................................A-23A.19 S.................................................................................................................................................................A-25A.20 T.................................................................................................................................................................A-28A.21 U................................................................................................................................................................A-29A.22 V................................................................................................................................................................A-30A.23 W...............................................................................................................................................................A-30

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Figures

Figure 1-1 Wearing an ESD wrist strap............................................................................................................... 1-6Figure 1-2 Slanting optical interface..................................................................................................................1-10Figure 1-3 Level optical interface......................................................................................................................1-11Figure 1-4 Hoisting heavy objects......................................................................................................................1-14Figure 1-5 Slanting a ladder...............................................................................................................................1-15Figure 1-6 Ladder top being one meter higher than the roof.............................................................................1-15Figure 2-1 Front panel of the AUX board............................................................................................................2-4Figure 4-1 Connection between the PC and the OptiX OSN 3500......................................................................4-3Figure 4-2 Board configuration of the OptiX OSN 3500...................................................................................4-14Figure 4-3 Signal flow for testing cable connection to PDH Service Interfaces................................................4-18Figure 4-4 Actual connection of cables to PDH Service Interfaces of the OptiX OSN 3500............................4-19Figure 4-5 Signal flow through the cable of the CES service interface.............................................................4-21Figure 4-6 Actual connections for testing the cable of the CES service interface on the OptiX OSN 3500.....4-22Figure 4-7 Connection for testing the mean launched optical power.................................................................4-25Figure 4-8 Connection for testing the received optical power...........................................................................4-27Figure 4-9 Signal flow of the TPS......................................................................................................................4-28Figure 4-10 TPS test connection........................................................................................................................4-29Figure 4-11 Signal flow of the 1+1 protection of the cross-connect and timing board.....................................4-31Figure 4-12 Connection diagram for the test of the 1+1 protection switching of the cross-connect and timing boards.............................................................................................................................................................................4-32Figure 4-13 Connection diagram for testing the 1+1 protection switching of the GSCC boards .....................4-34Figure 4-14 Removing a board...........................................................................................................................4-35Figure 4-15 Inserting a board.............................................................................................................................4-35Figure 5-1 Fiber connection of a two-fiber ring...................................................................................................5-5Figure 5-2 Fiber connection of a four-fiber ring..................................................................................................5-6Figure 5-3 Fiber connection of a non-protection chain........................................................................................5-7Figure 5-4 Fiber connection of a 1+1 or 1:1 linear MS........................................................................................5-7Figure 5-5 Fiber connection of 1:N (N≤14) linear MS...................................................................................... 5-8Figure 5-6 Fiber connection diagram...................................................................................................................5-9Figure 5-7 Direct connection between the U2000 computer and the equipment...............................................5-11Figure 5-8 Connection between the U2000 computer and the equipment through a LAN................................5-13Figure 5-9 Connection diagram for testing IEEE 1588v2 clock protection switching......................................5-26Figure 5-10 Connection for testing the two-fiber bidirectional MSP protection switching (single-end loopbacktest)......................................................................................................................................................................5-28

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Figure 5-11 Connection for testing the two-fiber bidirectional MSP protection switching (dual-end analyzer test).............................................................................................................................................................................5-29Figure 5-12 Connection for testing the four-fiber bidirectional MSP ring protection switching (single-end loopbacktest)......................................................................................................................................................................5-31Figure 5-13 Connection for testing the four-fiber bidirectional MSP ring protection switching (dual-end analyzertest)......................................................................................................................................................................5-32Figure 5-14 Connection for testing the 1+1 or 1:1 linear MS protection switching..........................................5-34Figure 5-15 Connection for testing the SNCP protection switching..................................................................5-36Figure 5-16 MPLS test connection diagram.......................................................................................................5-39Figure 5-17 MPLS test connection diagram ......................................................................................................5-40Figure 5-18 Connection for testing the Ethernet service channels.....................................................................5-42Figure 5-19 Connection for testing the Ethernet service channels.....................................................................5-49Figure 5-20 Application of IEEE 802.1ag and IEEE 802.3ah...........................................................................5-51Figure 5-21 Connection diagram for Ethernet service connectivity test............................................................5-52Figure 5-22 Connection diagram for testing cross-domain service channels.....................................................5-55Figure 5-23 Connection diagram for testing cross-domain service channels.....................................................5-56Figure 5-24 Connection diagram for testing connectivity of CES services.......................................................5-58Figure 5-25 Connection diagram for testing packet loss on Ethernet service channels.....................................5-60Figure 5-26 Connection for testing the networkwide BER................................................................................5-61Figure 5-27 Connecting 2 Mbit/s ports in a serial manner.................................................................................5-62

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Tables

Table 1-1 Warning and safety symbols of the OptiX OSN 3500.........................................................................1-3Table 2-1 Commissioning meters and tools.........................................................................................................2-2Table 3-1 Commissioning procedure in packet mode..........................................................................................3-2Table 3-2 Commissioning procedure in TDM mode............................................................................................3-3Table 3-3 Commissioning procedure in hybrid mode..........................................................................................3-4Table 4-1 Parameters to be set for the service configuration.............................................................................4-15Table 4-2 Relations between the service rate, the coding, and the pseudo-random serial code.........................4-20Table 4-3 Relationship between the service rate, code, and pseudo-random sequence code.............................4-23Table 5-1 Mode, speed, and duplex mode supported by the ETH port..............................................................5-10Table 5-2 Parameters in the IP routing table......................................................................................................5-19Table 5-3 Configuration Process........................................................................................................................5-21Table 5-4 Mapping relations of the service rate, coding scheme and pseudo-random serial code....................5-62

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1 Safety Precautions

About This Chapter

This topic provides the safety guidelines during the equipment commissioning. The safetyguidelines includes the personal safety regulations and equipment operating regulations. Ensurethat the regulations are strictly followed to prevent personal injury and damage to the equipmentwhen you operate the equipment.

1.1 General Safety PrecautionsThis topic describes essential safety precautions that instruct you in the selection of measuringand testing instruments when you install, operate, and maintain Huawei devices.

1.2 Warning and Safety SymbolsBefore using the equipment, note the following warning and safety symbols on the equipment.

1.3 Electrical SafetyThis topic describes safety precautions for high voltage, lightning strikes, high leakage current,power cables, fuses, and ESD.

1.4 Environment of Flammable GasThis topic describes safety precautions for the operating environment of a device.

1.5 Storage BatteriesThis topic describes safety precautions for operations of storage batteries.

1.6 RadiationThis topic describes safety precautions for electromagnetic exposure and lasers.

1.7 Working at HeightsThis topic describes safety precautions for working at heights.

1.8 Mechanical SafetyThis topic describes safety precautions for drilling holes, handling sharp objects, operating fans,and carrying heavy objects.

1.9 Other PrecautionsThis topic describes safety precautions for removing and inserting boards, binding signal cables,and routing cables.

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1.1 General Safety PrecautionsThis topic describes essential safety precautions that instruct you in the selection of measuringand testing instruments when you install, operate, and maintain Huawei devices.

All Safety PrecautionsTo ensure the safety of humans and a device, follow the marks on the device and all the safetyprecautions in this document when installing, operating, and maintaining a device.

The "CAUTION", "WARNING", and "DANGER" marks in this document do not cover all thesafety precautions that must be followed. They are supplements to the safety precautions.

Local Laws and RegulationsWhen operating a device, always comply with the local laws and regulations. The safetyprecautions provided in the documents are in addition/supplementary to the local laws andregulations.

Basic Installation RequirementsThe installation and maintenance personnel of Huawei devices must receive strict training andbe familiar with the proper operation methods and safety precautions before any operation.

l Only trained and qualified personnel are permitted to install, operate, and maintain a device.l Only certified professionals are permitted to remove the safety facilities, and to troubleshoot

and maintain the device.l Only the personnel authenticated or authorized by Huawei are permitted to replace or

change the device or parts of the device (including software).l The operating personnel must immediately report the faults or errors that may cause safety

problems to the person in charge.

Grounding RequirementsThe grounding requirements are applicable to the device that needs to be grounded.

l When installing the device, always connect the grounding facilities first. When removingthe device, always disconnect the grounding facilities last.

l Ensure that the grounding conductor is intact.l Do not operate the device in the absence of a suitably installed grounding conductor.l The device must be connected to the PGND permanently. Before operating the device,

check the electrical connections of the device, and ensure that the device is properlygrounded.

Human Safetyl When there is a risk of a lightning strike, do not operate the fixed terminal or touch the

cables.l When there is risk of a lightning strike, unplug the AC power connector. Do not use the

fixed terminal or touch the terminal or antenna connector.

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NOTEThe preceding requirements apply to wireless fixed station terminals.

l To avoid electric shocks, do not connect safety extra-low voltage (SELV) circuits totelephone-network voltage (TNV) circuits.

l Do not look into optical ports without eye protection. Otherwise, human eyes may be hurtby laser beams.

l Before operating the device, wear an ESD protective coat, ESD gloves, and an ESD wriststrap. In addition, you need to get off the conductive objects, such as jewelry and watches,to prevent electric shock and burn.

l In case of fire, escape from the building or site where the device is located and press thefire alarm bell or dial the telephone number for fire alarms. Do not enter the burning buildingagain in any situation.

Device Safetyl Before any operation, install the device firmly on the ground or other rigid objects, such as

on a wall or in a rack.l When the system is working, ensure that the ventilation hole is not blocked.l When installing the front panel, use a tool to tighten the screws firmly, if required.l After installing the device, clean up the packing materials.

1.2 Warning and Safety SymbolsBefore using the equipment, note the following warning and safety symbols on the equipment.

Table 1-1 lists the warning and safety symbols of the OptiX OSN 3500 and their meanings.

Table 1-1 Warning and safety symbols of the OptiX OSN 3500

Symbol Indication

This symbol is for anti-static protection.A notice with this symbol indicates that youshould wear an anti-static wrist strap or glovewhen you touch a board. Otherwise, you maycause damage to the board.

CLASS 1LASER

PRODUCT

LASERRADIATION

DO NOT VIEW DIRECTLYWITH OPTICALINSTRUMENTS

CLASS 1M LASERPRODUCT

This symbol is for the laser class.A notice with this symbol indicates the classof the laser. Avoid direct exposure to the laserbeams. Otherwise, it may damage you eyes orskin.



1-3

Symbol Indication

A notice with this symbol indicates where thesubrack is grounded.

ATTENTION 警告

CLEAN PERIODICALLY定期清洗

A notice with this symbol indicates that theair filter should be cleaned periodically.

严禁在风扇高速旋转时接触叶片

DON'T TOUCH THEFAN LEAVES BEFORETHEY SLOW DOWN !

This symbol is for fan safety.A notice with this symbol indicates that thefan leaves should not be touched when the fanis rotating.

! APDReceiver

MAX:-9dBm

A notice with the APD symbol indicates thatthe overload value of an optical interface is -9dBm.

1.3 Electrical SafetyThis topic describes safety precautions for high voltage, lightning strikes, high leakage current,power cables, fuses, and ESD.

High Voltage

DANGERl A high-voltage power supply provides power for device operations. Direct human contact

with the high voltage power supply or human contact through damp objects can be fatal.l Unspecified or unauthorized high voltage operations could result in fire or electric shock, or

both.

ThunderstormThe requirements apply only to wireless base stations or devices with antennas and feeders.

DANGERDo not perform operations on high voltage, AC power, towers, or backstays in stormy weatherconditions.


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High Leakage Current

WARNINGBefore powering on a device, ground the device. Otherwise, the safety of humans and the devicecannot be ensured.

If a high leakage current mark is labeled near the power connector of the device, you mustconnect the PGND terminal on the shell to the ground before connecting the device to an A/Cinput power supply. This is to prevent the electric shock caused by leakage current of the device.

Power Cables

DANGERDo not install or remove the power cable with a live line. Transient contact between the core ofthe power cable and the conductor may generate electric arc or spark, which may cause fire oreye injury.

l Before installing or removing power cables, you must power off the device.

l Before connecting a power cable, you must ensure that the label on the power cable iscorrect.

Device with Power On

DANGERInstalling or removing a device is prohibited if the device is on.

Short Circuits

When installing and maintaining devices, place and use the associated tools and instruments inaccordance with regulations to avoid short-circuits caused by metal objects.

CAUTIONTo avoid short-circuits when using a tool (such as a screwdriver), do not place the tool on theventilation plate of the subrack.



1-5

CAUTIONPrevent any screws from dropping into the subrack or chassis to avoid short-circuits.

Fuse

WARNINGIf the fuse on a device blows, replace the fuse with a fuse of the same type and specifications toensure safe operation of the device.

Electrostatic Discharge

CAUTIONThe static electricity generated by the human body may damage the electrostatic sensitivecomponents on the board, such as the large-scale integrated circuit (LSI).

l The human body can generate static electromagnetic fields in the following situations:physical movement, clothing friction, friction between shoes and the ground, plastics inthe hand. Such static electromagnetic effects can remain for an appreciable time.

l Before operating a device, circuit boards, or ASICs, wear an ESD wrist strap that is properlygrounded. The ESD wrist strap can prevent the electrostatic-sensitive components frombeing damaged by the static electricity in the human body.

Figure 1-1 shows the method of wearing an ESD wrist strap.

Figure 1-1 Wearing an ESD wrist strap


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1.4 Environment of Flammable GasThis topic describes safety precautions for the operating environment of a device.

DANGERDo not place or operate devices in an environment of flammable or explosive air or gas.

Operating an electronic device in an environment of flammable gas causes a severe hazard.

1.5 Storage BatteriesThis topic describes safety precautions for operations of storage batteries.

DANGERBefore operating a storage battery, you must read the safety precautions carefully and be familiarwith the method of connecting a storage battery.

l Incorrect operations of storage batteries cause hazards. During operation, prevent any short-circuit, and prevent the electrolyte from overflowing or leakage.

l If the electrolyte overflows, it causes potential hazards to the device. The electrolyte maycorrode metal parts and the circuit boards, and ultimately damage the circuit boards.

l A storage battery contains a great deal of energy. Misoperations may cause a short-circuit,which leads to human injuries.

Basic PrecautionsTo ensure safety, note the following points before installing or maintaining the storage battery:

l Use special insulation tools.l Wear an eye protector and take effective protection measures.l Wear rubber gloves and a protection coat to prevent the hazard caused by the overflowing

electrolyte.l When handling the storage battery, ensure that its electrodes are upward. Leaning or

reversing the storage battery is prohibited.l Before installing or maintaining the storage battery, ensure that the storage battery is

disconnected from the power supply that charges the storage battery.



1-7

Short-Circuit

DANGERA battery short-circuit may cause human injuries. Although the voltage of an ordinary batteryis low, the instantaneous high current caused by a short-circuit emits a great deal of energy.

Avoid any short-circuit of batteries caused by metal objects. If possible, disconnect the workingbattery before performing other operations.

Hazardous Gas

CAUTIONDo not use any unsealed lead-acid storage battery. Lay a storage battery horizontally and fix itproperly to prevent the battery from emitting flammable gas, which may cause fire or deviceerosion.

Working lead-acid storage batteries emit flammable gas. Therefore, ventilation and fireproofingmeasures must be taken at the sites where lead-acid storage batteries are placed.

Battery Temperature

CAUTIONIf a battery overheats, the battery may be deformed or damaged, and the electrolyte mayoverflow.

When the temperature of the battery is higher than 60°C, you need to check whether theelectrolyte overflows. If the electrolyte overflows, take appropriate measures immediately.

Battery Leakage

CAUTIONIn the event of acid overflow or spillage, neutralize the acid and clean it up appropriately.

When handling a leaky battery, protect against the possible damage caused by the acid. Whenyou find the electrolyte leaks, you can use the following substances to counteract and absorb theleaking electrolyte:

l Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)


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l Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)

In the event of acid overflow or spillage, neutralize the acid and clean it up as recommended bythe battery manufacturer and any local regulations for acid disposal.

If a person contacts battery electrolyte, clean the skin that contacts the battery electrolyteimmediately by using water. In case of a severe situation, the person must be sent to a hospitalimmediately.

1.6 RadiationThis topic describes safety precautions for electromagnetic exposure and lasers.

1.6.1 Safe Usage of Optical FibersThe laser beam can cause damage to your eyes. Hence, you must exercise caution when usingoptical fibers.

1.6.2 Electromagnetic ExposureThis topic describes safety precautions for electromagnetic exposure.

1.6.3 Forbidden AreasThe topic describes requirements for a forbidden area.

1.6.4 LaserThis topic describes safety precautions for lasers.

1.6.5 MicrowaveWhen installing and maintaining the equipment of Huawei, follow the safety precautions ofmicrowave to ensure the safety of the human body and the equipment.

1.6.1 Safe Usage of Optical FibersThe laser beam can cause damage to your eyes. Hence, you must exercise caution when usingoptical fibers.

DANGERWhen installing or maintaining an optical interface board or optical fibers, avoid direct eyeexposure to the laser beams launched from the optical interface board or fiber connectors. Thelaser beam can cause damage to your eyes.

Cleaning Fiber Connectors and Optical Interfaces

CAUTIONIf fiber connectors or flanges are contaminated, optical power commissioning is seriouslyaffected. Therefore, the two endfaces and flange of every external fiber must be cleaned beforethe fiber is led into the equipment through the ODF for being inserted into an optical interfaceon the equipment.



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The fiber connectors and optical interfaces of the lasers must be cleaned with the followingspecial cleaning tools and materials:

l Special cleaning solvent: It is preferred to use isoamylol. Propyl alcohol, however, can alsobe used. It is prohibited that you use alcohol and formalin.

l Non-woven lens tissue

l Special compressed gas

l Cotton stick (medical cotton or long fiber cotton)

l Special cleaning roll, used with the recommended cleaning solvent

l Special magnifier for fiber connectors

For cleaning steps, see Appendix "Inspecting and Cleaning the Fiber-Optical Connectors" in theOptiX OSN 3500 Intelligent Optical Transmission System Troubleshooting.

Replacing Optical Fibers

When replacing an optical fiber, cover the fiber connector of the unused optical fiber with aprotective cap.

Connecting Optical Fibersl Use an attenuator if the optical power is excessively high. A high received optical power

damages the optical interface.

l Directly connect an attenuator to a slanting optical interface. Install the attenuator on theIN port instead of the OUT port.

l Do not directly connect an attenuator to the level optical interface. Use the opticaldistribution frame (ODF) to connect an attenuator to a level optical interface.

Figure 1-2 shows a slanting optical interface, and Figure 1-3 shows a level optical interface.

Figure 1-2 Slanting optical interface

Slanting opticalinterface


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Figure 1-3 Level optical interface

Level opticalinterface

1.6.2 Electromagnetic ExposureThis topic describes safety precautions for electromagnetic exposure.

WARNINGHigh-intensity RF signals are harmful to the human body.

If multiple transmit antennas are installed on a tower or backstay, you must request the relevantpersonnel to shut down the transmit antenna before they install or maintain the antenna locally.

During the operation, the base transceiver station (BTS) may generate electromagnetic radiation(namely, radiation harm). Before installing and operating the BTS equipment, read the guidelinesto ensure safe operations. When installing the BTS equipment, obey the local rules andregulations.

1.6.3 Forbidden AreasThe topic describes requirements for a forbidden area.

l The site of the antenna must be far away from the area where the electromagnetic radiationis beyond the specified range and the public cannot reach.

l Before entering the area where the electromagnetic radiation is beyond the specified range,the associated personnel must learn about the area and shut down the electromagneticradiator. The area where the electromagnetic radiation is beyond the specified range, if any,should be within 10 meters away from the antenna.

l A physical barrier and an eye-catching warning flag must be available in each forbiddenarea.



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1.6.4 LaserThis topic describes safety precautions for lasers.

WARNINGWhen handling optical fibers, do not stand close to, or look into the optical fiber outlet directlywithout eye protection.

Laser transceivers are used in the optical transmission system and associated test tools. The lasertransmitted through the bare optical fiber produces a small beam of light, and thus it has veryhigh power density and is invisible to human eyes. When a beam of light enters eyes, the eyesmay be damaged.

In normal cases, viewing an un-terminated optical fiber or a damaged optical fiber without eyeprotection at a distance greater than 150 mm does not cause eye injury. Eye injury may occur,however, if an optical tool such as a microscope, magnifying glass, or eye loupe is used to viewan un-terminated optical fiber.

Safety Instructions Regarding Lasers

To avoid laser radiation, obey the following instructions:

l All operations should be performed by authorized personnel who have completed therequired training courses.

l Wear a pair of eye-protective glasses when you are handling lasers or fibers.l Ensure that the optical source is switched off before disconnecting optical fiber connectors.l Do not look into the end of an exposed fiber or an open connector when you are not sure

whether the optical source is switched off.l Use an optical power meter to measure the optical power and ensure that the optical source

is switched off.l Before opening the front door of an optical transmission device, ensure that you are not

exposed to laser radiation.l Do not use an optical tool such as a microscope, a magnifying glass, or an eye loupe to

view the optical connector or fiber that is transmitting optical signals.

Instructions Regarding Fiber Handling

Read and abide by the following instructions before handling fibers:

l Only trained personnel are permitted to cut and splice fibers.l Before cutting or splicing a fiber, ensure that the fiber is disconnected from the optical

source. After disconnecting the fiber, cap to the fiber connectors.

1.6.5 MicrowaveWhen installing and maintaining the equipment of Huawei, follow the safety precautions ofmicrowave to ensure the safety of the human body and the equipment.


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WARNINGStrong radio frequency can harm the human body.

When installing or maintaining an aerial on the tower or mast that is installed with multipleaerials, switch off the transmitter in advance.

1.7 Working at HeightsThis topic describes safety precautions for working at heights.

WARNINGWhen working at heights, be cautious to prevent objects from falling down.

The requirements for working at heights are as follows:

l The personnel who work at heights must be trained.l Carry and handle the operating machines and tools with caution to prevent them from falling

down.l Safety measures, such as wearing a helmet and a safety belt, must be taken.l Wear cold-proof clothes when working at heights in cold areas.l Check all lifting appliances thoroughly before starting the work, and ensure that they are

intact.

1.7.1 Hoisting Heavy ObjectsThis topic describes the safety precautions for hoisting heavy objects that you must follow wheninstalling, operating, and maintaining Huawei devices.

1.7.2 Using LaddersThis topic describes safety precautions for using ladders.

1.7.1 Hoisting Heavy ObjectsThis topic describes the safety precautions for hoisting heavy objects that you must follow wheninstalling, operating, and maintaining Huawei devices.

WARNINGWhen heavy objects are being hoisted, do not walk below the cantilever or hoisted objects.

l Only trained and qualified personnel can perform hoisting operations.l Before hoisting heavy objects, check that the hoisting tools are complete and in good

condition.



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l Before hoisting heavy objects, ensure that the hoisting tools are fixed to a secure object orwall with good weight-bearing capacity.

l Issue orders with short and explicit words to ensure correct operations.l Ensure that the angle between the two cables is less than or equal to 90 degrees during the

lifting, as shown in Figure 1-4.

Figure 1-4 Hoisting heavy objects

1.7.2 Using LaddersThis topic describes safety precautions for using ladders.

Checking Laddersl Before using a ladder, check whether the ladder is damaged. After checking that the ladder

is in good condition, you can use the ladder.l Before using a ladder, you should know the maximum weight capacity of the ladder. Avoid

overweighing the ladder.

Placing LaddersThe proper slant angle of the ladder is 75 degrees. You can measure the slant angle of the ladderwith an angle square or your arms, as shown in Figure 1-5. When using a ladder, to prevent the


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ladder from sliding, ensure that the wider feet of the ladder are downward, or take protectionmeasures for the ladder feet. Ensure that the ladder is placed securely.

Figure 1-5 Slanting a ladder

Climbing Up a LadderWhen climbing up a ladder, pay attention to the following points:

l Ensure that the center of gravity of your body does not deviate from the edges of the twolong sides.

l Before operations, ensure that your body is stable to reduce risks.l Do not climb higher than the fourth rung of the ladder (counted from up to down).

If you want to climb up a roof, ensure that the ladder top is at least one meter higher than theroof, as shown in Figure 1-6.

Figure 1-6 Ladder top being one meter higher than the roof



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1.8 Mechanical SafetyThis topic describes safety precautions for drilling holes, handling sharp objects, operating fans,and carrying heavy objects.

Drilling Holes

WARNINGDo not drill holes on the cabinet without prior permission. Drilling holes without complyingwith the requirements affects the electromagnetic shielding performance of the cabinet anddamages the cables inside the cabinet. In addition, if the scraps caused by drilling enter thecabinet, the printed circuit boards (PCBs) may be short-circuited.

l Before drilling a hole on the cabinet, remove the cables inside the cabinet.

l Wear an eye protector when drilling holes. This is to prevent eyes from being injured bythe splashing metal scraps.

l Wear protection gloves when drilling holes.

l Take measures to prevent the metallic scraps from falling into the cabinet. After the drilling,clean up the metallic scraps.

Sharp Objects

WARNINGWear protection gloves when carrying the device. This is to prevent hands from being injuredby the sharp edges of the device.

Fansl When replacing parts, place the objects such as the parts, screws, and tools properly. This

is to prevent them from falling into the operating fans, which damages the fans or device.

l When replacing the parts near fans, keep your fingers or boards from touching operatingfans before the fans are powered off and stop running. Otherwise, the hands or the boardsare damaged.

Carrying Heavy Objects

Wear protection gloves when carrying heavy objects. This is to prevent hands from being hurt.


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WARNINGl The carrier must be prepared for load bearing before carrying heavy objects. This is to prevent

the carrier from being strained or pressed by the heavy objects.l When you pull a chassis out of the cabinet, pay attention to the unstable or heavy objects on

the cabinet. This is to prevent the heavy objects on the cabinet top from falling down, whichmay hurt you.

l Generally, two persons are needed to carry a chassis. It is prohibited that only one personcarries a heavy chassis. When carrying a chassis, the carriers should stretch their backs andmove stably to avoid being strained.

l When moving or lifting a chassis, hold the handles or bottom of the chassis. Do not holdthe handles of the modules installed in the chassis, such as the power modules, fan modules,and boards.

1.9 Other PrecautionsThis topic describes safety precautions for removing and inserting boards, binding signal cables,and routing cables.

Removing and Inserting a Board

CAUTIONWhen inserting a board, wear an ESD wrist strap or ESD gloves, and handle the board gently toavoid distorting pins on the backplane.

l Slide the board along the guide rails.l Do not contact one board with another to avoid short-circuits or damage.l When holding a board in hand, do not touch the board circuits, components, connectors,

or connection slots of the board to prevent damage caused by ESD of the human body tothe electrostatic-sensitive components.

Binding Signal Cables

CAUTIONBind the signal cables separately from the high-current or high-voltage cables.

Routing CablesIn the case of extremely low temperature, heavy shock or vibration may damage the plastic skinof the cables. To ensure the construction safety, comply with the following requirements:



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l When installing cables, ensure that the environment temperature is above 0°C.l If the cables are stored in a place where the ambient temperature is below 0°C, transfer

them to a place at room temperature and store the cables for more than 24 hours beforeinstallation.

l Handle the cables gently, especially in a low-temperature environment. Do not performany improper operations, for example, pushing the cables down directly from a truck.


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2 Preparations for Equipment Commissioning

About This Chapter

Before commissioning the equipment, you need to prepare the necessary meters and tools, thereference documents, and the engineering design information.

2.1 Preparation of Commissioning Meters and ToolsHave the meters and tools prepared for the commissioning operation.

2.2 Reference DocumentsBefore the commissioning, prepare the following reference documents.

2.3 Network Design InformationBefore the commissioning, prepare the following network design information.

2.4 Check Before CommissioningBefore commissioning the OptiX OSN 3500, check the following items.

2.5 Requirements for the Commissioning PersonnelBefore using this manual, ensure that the commissioning personnel are trained in commissioningthe optical network equipment. They must also be skilled in using the commissioning tools. Thecommissioning personnel must be familiar with the following items:

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2.1 Preparation of Commissioning Meters and ToolsHave the meters and tools prepared for the commissioning operation.

Table 2-1 lists the meters and tools that are used to commission the OptiX OSN 3500.

Table 2-1 Commissioning meters and tools

Name Usefulness

SDH analyzer It is used to test multiplex section switching time, and frequencydeviation and jitter at optical or electrical interfaces of SDH services.

Optical power meter It is used to test the actually received optical power, and receiversensitivity of the optical interfaces.

Optical attenuator It is used to attenuate strong optical power received at opticalinterfaces to prevent damage to the optical interface.

Laptop It must be installed with the U2000 LCT or U2000 for the per-NEcommissioning. In addition, it is also used to test the Ethernet indexes.

Multimeter It is used to test voltage, resistance, and current intensity.

BER tester It is used to test bit errors at electrical interfaces.

Fiber jumper It is used to connect an optical interface to the ODF, or to perform aself-loop at the optical interface board.

Network cable It is used to connect an NE to a PC, or to test the Ethernet servicechannels.

fiber connector It is used to connect two fiber ends, or to connect one fiber end to alight source or detector.

2M fiber jumper It is used for serial test for 2 Mbit/s CES services.

Network cable tester It is used to check the connectivity of a network cable.

2.2 Reference DocumentsBefore the commissioning, prepare the following reference documents.

The reference documents include:

l Troubleshootingl OptiX OSN 3500 Intelligent Optical Transmission System Alarms and Performance Events

Referencel Configuration Guide (SDH Transport Domain)l Configuration Guide (Packet Transport Domain)l OptiX OSN 3500 Intelligent Optical Transmission System Installation Guide

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l OptiX OSN 3500 Intelligent Optical Switching System Hardware Descriptionl Feature Descriptionl iManager U2000 Installation Guide

2.3 Network Design InformationBefore the commissioning, prepare the following network design information.

The network design documentation set required by packet equipment commissioning includes:l XXX Project Hybrid MSTP Network Low Level Designl XXX Project Hybrid MSTP Network Designl XXX Project Hybrid MSTP Network Slot Configuration List

2.4 Check Before CommissioningBefore commissioning the OptiX OSN 3500, check the following items.

Checking the Installation of the U2000Check the following items regarding the installation of the U2000:

l The U2000 must be installed in the central equipment room. The installation must becorrect.

l The U2000 LCT must be installed in the laptop. The installation must be correct.

Refer to the iManager U2000 Installation Guide and iManager U2000 LCT User Guide.

Checking the Hardware Installationl Check whether the interfaces of the AUX board are connected properly.

The front panel of the AUX board has 24 RJ-45 interfaces, which are defined to access differentsignals. Take great care and avoid incorrect installation to protect the internal chip from beingdamaged. For details, see the OptiX OSN 3500 Intelligent Optical Transmission SystemHardware Description. Figure 2-1 shows the positions of the interfaces on the AUX board.

CAUTIONOn the AUX board, LAMP1 is the egress port, and LAMP2 is the ingress concatenated port forthe alarm indicators on the cabinet.



2-3

Figure 2-1 Front panel of the AUX board

AUX

AUX

STAT

CLK

I1C

LKI2

CLK

O1

CLK

O2

CLK

1R

EV

F&f

F1P

HO

NE

V1V2

OAM

S1

S2

S3

S4

CLK

2ETH

CO

ME

XT

LAM

P1

LAM

P2

ALM

O1

ALM

O2

ALM

I1A

LMI2

ALM

I3A

LMI4

Checking Groundingl Make sure that the equipment is grounded.

l Make sure that the grounding is proper.

2.5 Requirements for the Commissioning PersonnelBefore using this manual, ensure that the commissioning personnel are trained in commissioningthe optical network equipment. They must also be skilled in using the commissioning tools. Thecommissioning personnel must be familiar with the following items:

l Knowledge of the OptiX OSN 3500

l How to use the U2000 to configure services

l How to use the U2000 LCT to configure services

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l How to use the commissioning meters of the SDH, PDH, and Ethernet servicesl Knowledge of the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) , plesiochronous digital hierarchy

(PDH), and Ethernet.l Understanding of MPLS technology and capability of using the NMS to configure services.l Understanding of OAM technology and capability of using the NMS to locate faults.



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3 Commissioning procedure

About This Chapter

The OptiX OSN series product adopts the dual-core technology. With different hardwareconfigurations, the equipment can operate in packet mode, TDM mode, or hybrid mode.

3.1 Commissioning Procedure in Packet ModeWhen the equipment is configured with packet features only, perform the followingcommissioning procedure.

3.2 Commissioning Procedure in TDM ModeWhen the equipment is configured with TDM features only, perform the followingcommissioning procedure.

3.3 Commissioning Procedure in Hybrid ModeWhen the equipment is configured with packet and TDM features, perform the followingcommissioning procedure.

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3.1 Commissioning Procedure in Packet ModeWhen the equipment is configured with packet features only, perform the followingcommissioning procedure.

Table 3-1 Commissioning procedure in packet mode

Commissioning Category

Commissioning Task

Per-NEcommissioning

4.1 Connecting the PC

4.2 Starting the U2000 LCT

4.3 Logging in to an NE

4.4 Configuring NE Commissioning Data

4.6 Testing Connection of Cables to CES ServiceInterfaces

4.7 Testing Specifications of Optical Interfaces

4.8 Testing Board Protection Switching

4.9 Checking Alarms of a Single NE

Systemcommissioning

5.1 Testing the Received Optical Power of an OpticalInterface Board

5.2.2 Checking Fiber Connections of a Packet Network

5.3 Checking Connection Between the U2000 Computerand the Equipment

5.4 Configuring the Inband DCN

5.5 Creating and Configuring the Network

5.6 Querying the Networkwide Software Versions

5.7 Synchronizing the NE Time with the NM

5.8 Enabling, Disabling and Setting PerformanceMonitoring of the NE

5.9.2 Testing the IEEE 1588v2 Clock Protection Switching

5.11 Testing the Protection Switching Schemes on the PSNNetwork

5.13 Testing Packet Service Channels

5.14 Testing Packet Ethernet Services

5.16 Testing CES Services

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Commissioning Task

5.17 Testing Packet Loss on Cross-domian ServiceChannels

5.20 Checking Networkwide Alarms

3.2 Commissioning Procedure in TDM ModeWhen the equipment is configured with TDM features only, perform the followingcommissioning procedure.

Table 3-2 lists the commissioning tasks for the OptiX OSN NEs in TDM mode.

Table 3-2 Commissioning procedure in TDM mode


Commissioning Task

Per-NEcommissioning





4.5 Testing Connection Between the Cables and the PDHService Interfaces




Systemcommissioning


5.2.1 Checking the Fiber Connection of the SDH Network






5.9.1 Testing SDH Clock Protection Switching



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Commissioning Task

5.10 Testing SDH Network Protection Switching

5.12 Testing EoS Service Channels


5.18 Testing the Point-to-Point BER

5.19 Testing Orderwire


3.3 Commissioning Procedure in Hybrid ModeWhen the equipment is configured with packet and TDM features, perform the followingcommissioning procedure.

Table 3-3 Commissioning procedure in hybrid mode


Commissioning Task

Per-NEcommissioning






4.6 Testing Connection of Cables to CES ServiceInterfaces




Systemcommissioning


5.2 Checking the Networkwide Fiber Connections


5.4 Configuring the Inband DCN

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Commissioning Task





5.9 Testing the Clock Protection Switching

5.10 Testing SDH Network Protection Switching


5.12 Testing EoS Service Channels

5.13 Testing Packet Service Channels

5.14 Testing Packet Ethernet Services

5.15 Testing Cross-domain Services

5.16 Testing CES Services


5.19 Testing Orderwire




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4 Per-NE Commissioning

About This Chapter

This topic describes the commissioning items and methods of the per-NE commissioning.

4.1 Connecting the PCThe per-NE commissioning is performed by using the U2000 LCT on a PC. This sectiondescribes how to connect the PC to the equipment properly. Make sure that the connectionbetween the PC and the equipment is correct during the commissioning.

4.2 Starting the U2000 LCTThis topic describes how to start the U2000 LCT, and how to start the U2000 LCT server andclient on the PC.

4.3 Logging in to an NEYou can use the U2000 LCT to commission an NE only after you log in to the NE on theU2000 LCT. This topic describes how to log in to an NE to be commissioned on the U2000LCT.

4.4 Configuring NE Commissioning DataCertain commissioning items require that the commissioning data should be configured on theNE. Configure the NE commissioning data after checking the NE version. This topic describeshow to configure the NE commissioning data.

4.5 Testing Connection Between the Cables and the PDH Service InterfacesDuring installation, cables or fibers may be improperly connected to PDH Service Interfaces,and the hardware may become faulty. To prevent the services from being affected, make surethat the cable or fiber connection is correct. This topic describes how to test the connection ofthe cables to PDH Service Interfaces.

4.6 Testing Connection of Cables to CES Service InterfacesDuring installation, the cables may be connected to the CES service interfaces improperly andthe hardware may become faulty. To prevent impact on services, ensure that the cables areconnected correctly. This section describes how to test the cable connections at CES serviceinterfaces.

4.7 Testing Specifications of Optical InterfacesIf the launched or received optical power is excessively high or low, bit errors occur on theequipment. As a result, services are affected. More seriously, the equipment components may

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4-1

be even damaged. This topic describes how to test the optical interface specifications. The testis performed to make sure that the launched or received optical power of each optical interfaceis proper.

4.8 Testing Board Protection SwitchingThe board protection realizes the protection of services. To prevent the failure of serviceswitching, the board protection switching function must be normal. This topic describes how totest the board protection switching function.

4.9 Checking Alarms of a Single NEBy checking the alarms generated on a single NE, you can check whether the equipment isworking properly.

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4.1 Connecting the PCThe per-NE commissioning is performed by using the U2000 LCT on a PC. This sectiondescribes how to connect the PC to the equipment properly. Make sure that the connectionbetween the PC and the equipment is correct during the commissioning.

PrerequisiteThe Windows operating system must have been installed on the PC for commissioning.

Tools, Equipment, and MaterialsNone.

Procedure

Step 1 Make sure that the network cable is a cross-over cable. For details about the cross-over cable,see Crossover Cable in Hardware Description.

NOTE

If a self-adaptive network adapter is installed on the PC, a straight-through cable can also be used.

For details of the straight-through cable, see Straight Through Cable in Hardware Description.

Step 2 Connect the PC to the OptiX OSN 3500, as shown in Figure 4-1.

Figure 4-1 Connection between the PC and the OptiX OSN 3500

Slot 37 AUX

ETH

PC

ETH

Step 3 Power on the PC. Check the ETH port indicators of the PC and the AUX board. Normally, theLINK indicator is steady green, and the ACT indicator flashes orange.



4-3

ACT

LINK

ETH

NOTE

In the case of a network that has only one gateway NE, the gateway NE is connected to the NMS throughthe ETH port, and the other NEs are connected to the gateway NE through the optical fibers and the HWECC protocol.

In this case, when all the NEs on the network are powered on, the non-gateway NEs report the LAN_LOCalarm. At this time, the services and the communication are not affected by the report of the alarm, and theuser can mask this alarm by using the NMS.

----End

4.2 Starting the U2000 LCTThis topic describes how to start the U2000 LCT, and how to start the U2000 LCT server andclient on the PC.

NOTEYou can use the U2000 client or U2000 LCT for commissioning. The user interfaces of the two NMS toolsare the same, this document considers the U2000 LCT as an example. When using the U2000 client forcommissioning, you need to start the U2000 server and client on the PC, and then log in to the NE forcommissioning.

4.2.1 Starting the PCThis topic describes how to start the PC on which the Windows operating system is installed.

4.2.2 Setting the IP Address of the PCYou can log in to and commission the equipment through the U2000 LCT only when the IPaddress of the PC and IP address of the equipment are in the same network segment.

4.2.3 Starting the U2000 LCT ServerThe U2000 LCT server provides services for the U2000 LCT clients. For network managementfirst start the U2000 LCT server, and then login the U2000 LCT application.

4.2.4 Starting the U2000 LCT ClientBefore using the U2000 LCT client to perform the per-NE commissioning, you need to start theU2000 LCT client properly.

4.2.1 Starting the PCThis topic describes how to start the PC on which the Windows operating system is installed.

Prerequisite

None.


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Tools, Equipment, and Materials

None.

ContextNOTEIf the PC is powered on, directly go to Step 2.

Procedure

Step 1 Power on the PC. The Microsoft Windows starts automatically and the login window isdisplayed.

Step 2 Log in with an administrator account.

Step 3 Click OK to display the desktop of the Windows operating system.

----End

4.2.2 Setting the IP Address of the PCYou can log in to and commission the equipment through the U2000 LCT only when the IPaddress of the PC and IP address of the equipment are in the same network segment.

Prerequisitel Connecting the PCl Starting the PC


None.

Procedure

Step 1 Right-click the My Network Places icon on the desktop, and select Properties to displaythe Network Connections window.

Step 2 In the Network Connections window, right-click Local Area Connection and selectProperties from the shortcut menu to display the Local Area Connection Properties dialogbox.

Step 3 Click the General tab. Select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) from the This connection uses thefollowing items list.

Step 4 Click Properties to display the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties dialog box.

Step 5 Select Use the following IP address from the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties dialogbox. Set the IP address as follows:l IP address: 129.9.0.250l Subnet mask: 255.255.0.0



4-5

NOTEThe IP network segment of the equipment is 129.9.0.0. The IP address of the PC and IP address of theequipment are in the same network segment. The IP address given in Step 5 is just an example. If the IPaddress of the PC is the same as the IP address of the equipment, the PC prompts an IP conflict. In thiscase, change the IP address of the PC.

Step 6 Click OK.

Step 7 Click Close in the Local Area Connection Status window.

NOTEIn special cases, the IP addresses of certain NEs may not be in the planned network segment due to theuser's requirement. It is suggested that you add the required network segments for the PC before thecommissioning. In this manner, you need not change the IP address of the PC during the commissioning.

l 1. In Step 5, click Advanced.

l 2. In the IP address area of the IP Settings tab, click Add.

l 3. In the dialog box that is displayed, click Add to add new network segments.

----End

4.2.3 Starting the U2000 LCT ServerThe U2000 LCT server provides services for the U2000 LCT clients. For network managementfirst start the U2000 LCT server, and then login the U2000 LCT application.

Prerequisitel The U2000 LCT must be installed properly.

l The IP address of the PC must be set.


U2000 LCT

Procedure

Step 1 Double-click the U2000LCT System Monitor icon. The Login dialog box is displayed in a fewseconds.

Step 2 In the Login dialog box, set the user name (Administrator, by default) and the password (null,by default). You need to change the password when logging in for the first time.

Step 3 Click Login.

Step 4 Check whether the U2000 LCT processes can be normally started. The process whose startupmode is the manual mode must be started manually. If all the processes are in the Running state,it indicates that the server runs normally.

----End

4.2.4 Starting the U2000 LCT ClientBefore using the U2000 LCT client to perform the per-NE commissioning, you need to start theU2000 LCT client properly.


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Prerequisite

The U2000 LCT server must be started.


U2000 LCT

Procedure

Step 1 Double-click the U2000LCT-Client icon on the desktop of the PC.

Step 2 In the Login dialog box, set the user name (Admin, by default) and the password (null, bydefault). You need to change the password when logging in for the first time.

Step 3 Click Login to log in to the U2000 LCT.

----End

4.3 Logging in to an NEYou can use the U2000 LCT to commission an NE only after you log in to the NE on theU2000 LCT. This topic describes how to log in to an NE to be commissioned on the U2000LCT.

Prerequisite

The following tasks must be performed:

l The PC must be connected.l The U2000 LCT must be started.


U2000 LCT

PrecautionsNOTE

l If you enable the remote authentication dial in user service (RADIUS) security management function,you need to perform certain configurations on the NE at the network management center (NMC) beforelogging in to the NE. For details, see the Feature Description.

l If you use the U2000 LCT client to log in to the current NE after one U2000 user already logs in theNE, the NE determines whether to allow the U2000 LCT client to log in based on the state of theU2000 LCT access function.

l If the U2000 LCT access function is disabled, the NE does not allow the U2000 LCT client to login.

l If the U2000 LCT access function is enabled, the NE allows the U2000 LCT client to log in.

l If you use the U2000 LCT client to log in to the current NE when no other U2000 users logs in to theNE, the NE allows the U2000 LCT client to log in, regardless of the state of the U2000 LCT accessfunction.



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CAUTIONIf five consecutive logins through the same user account are performed with incorrect passwords,the user account will be locked and it will be unlocked 15 minutes after the last failed login.(When the interval between two logins is within three minutes, the two logins are considered astwo consecutive logins.)

The unlocking operation cannot be performed through the NMS. Only the system can(automatically) unlock the user account.

Here the locking indicates that the user account of a specified NE is locked and the other NEsare not affected.

Procedure

Step 1 Click Auto Discovery in the NE Information List. The NE Search window is displayed.

Step 2 Click Add and the Input Search Domain dialog box is displayed.

Step 3 Optional: Set Address Type to IP Address Range of GNE, IP Address of GNE, or NSAPAddress, and enter Search Address, User Name, and Password. Then, click OK.

NOTE

You can repeat Steps 2 through 3 to add more search domains. You can delete the system default searchdomain.

l If you use IP address to search for NEs:

l Usually, the broadcast function is disabled on the routers on a network, to avoid network broadcaststorm. Therefore, by using the IP Address Range of GNE method, only the NEs in the samenetwork segment can be searched out.

l To search the network segments across routers, the IP Address of GNE method is recommended.Through a gateway NE, you can search out the NEs in the network segment of the gateway NE.

l If you use NSAP address, you can only select NSAP address.

Step 4 In the Search for NE area, perform the following operations:

l Select Search for NE. All NEs in the selected domain are searched out.

l Select Create NE after search, enter the NE User and Password.

l Select Upload after create. The data related to the NEs are uploaded to the NMS after theNEs are created.

NOTE

l The default NE User is lct.

l The default Password is password.

Step 5 Click Next and the Result area is displayed.

Step 6 Optional: If you select Search for NE only, you can select the NEs, which are not yet created,in the Result list after the search for NEs is complete. Click Create and then the Create dialogbox is displayed. Enter User Name and Password in the Create dialog box, and then clickOK.

----End


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4.4 Configuring NE Commissioning DataCertain commissioning items require that the commissioning data should be configured on theNE. Configure the NE commissioning data after checking the NE version. This topic describeshow to configure the NE commissioning data.

4.4.1 Setting the NE IDAfter logging in to the NE by using the U2000 LCT, you need to change the NE ID accordingto the ID planning of the actual NEs. This topic describes how to set the NE ID by using theU2000 LCT. The IDs of the actual NEs must comply with the ID planning.

4.4.2 Configuring LSR IDIn the Basic Configuration interface, you can set LSR (Label Switch Router) ID.

4.4.3 Setting the NE IPAfter logging in to the NE by using the U2000 LCT, you need to change the NE ID accordingto the ID planning of the actual NEs. This topic describes how to set the NE ID by using theU2000 LCT. The IDs of the actual NEs must comply with the ID planning.

4.4.4 Configuring the NNIs for Ethernet Services Carried by Static MPLS TunnelsTo configure the Ethernet services that are carried by static MPLS tunnels, you need to set theattributes related to the port of the static MPLS tunnels.

4.4.5 Setting the NE Name, Date, and TimeYou can set the NE name, date, and time by using the U2000 LCT. The purpose is to ensure thatthe recorded and reported alarms and performance events of the U2000 LCT are correct.

4.4.6 Configuring Services for the Per-NE CommissioningCertain tests during the per-NE commissioning are based on the configured services. Hence, itis required that you configure commissioning services before the test is performed.

4.4.7 Configuring NE Power Consumption ManagementNE Power Consumption Threshold is Typical Power Consumption by default. When theactual NE power consumption is higher than the typical power consumption and a logical boardis added on the NE, the NMS returns a message indicating that the power consumption of theNE is insufficient. Therefore, functions of the NE are affected. To solve this problem, set NEPower Consumption Threshold to High Power Consumption.

4.4.1 Setting the NE IDAfter logging in to the NE by using the U2000 LCT, you need to change the NE ID accordingto the ID planning of the actual NEs. This topic describes how to set the NE ID by using theU2000 LCT. The IDs of the actual NEs must comply with the ID planning.

Prerequisite

The U2000 LCT must be started and the NE must be logged in to.


U2000 LCT



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Precautions

CAUTIONModifying the NE ID is a dangerous operation, which may interrupt NE communication.

NOTE

The default ID of NE is: 0x9bff0.

ProcedureStep 1 In the NE Information List pane, right-click the NE whose ID needs to be changed. Then, select

NE Explorer.

Step 2 Choose Configuration > NE Attribute from the Function Tree.

Step 3 Click Modify NE ID in the lower right corner of the window. Then, the Modify NE ID dialogbox is displayed.

Step 4 Enter New ID and New Extended ID. Then, click OK.

Step 5 In the displayed Warning dialog box, click OK.

----End

4.4.2 Configuring LSR IDIn the Basic Configuration interface, you can set LSR (Label Switch Router) ID.

PrerequisiteYou must be an NM user with NE administrator authority or higher.

ProcedureStep 1 In the NE Explorer, select the NE and choose Configuration > MPLS Management > Basic

Configuration from the Function Tree.

Step 2 Set LSR ID.For details about LSR ID, see Basic Configuration.

NOTE

l When the LSR ID is specified for the first time, a warm-reset occurs on the NE but does not affectservices. If the specified LSR ID is then changed, no warm-reset occurs on the NE and services are notaffected.

l If any tunnel exists, do not change the LSR ID.

----End

4.4.3 Setting the NE IPAfter logging in to the NE by using the U2000 LCT, you need to change the NE ID accordingto the ID planning of the actual NEs. This topic describes how to set the NE ID by using theU2000 LCT. The IDs of the actual NEs must comply with the ID planning.


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PrerequisiteThe U2000 LCT must be started and the NE must be logged in to.

Tools, Equipment, and MaterialsU2000 LCT

PrecautionsNOTE

The default IP address of NE is: 129.9.191.240.

Procedure

Step 1 In the NE Information List pane, right-click the NE whose IP needs to be changed. Then, selectNE Explorer.

Step 2 Choose Communication > Communication Parameters from the Function Tree.

Step 3 Set the communication parameters of the NE, including IP address, subnet mask, and gatewayIP Address.

Step 4 Click Apply. In the displayed Warning dialog box, click OK. The Operation Result dialogbox is displayed to prompt. Click Close.

NOTE

For GNEs, after you set the NE IP address, you need to specify the active GNE for non-gateway NEs thatare originally connected to the GNE. For details, see Changing the GNE for NEs.

----End

4.4.4 Configuring the NNIs for Ethernet Services Carried by StaticMPLS Tunnels

To configure the Ethernet services that are carried by static MPLS tunnels, you need to set theattributes related to the port of the static MPLS tunnels.

PrerequisiteYou must be an NM user with NE administrator authority or higher.

Procedure

Step 1 In the NE Explorer, select an NE and choose Configuration > Interface Management >Ethernet Interface from the Function Tree.

Step 2 Click the General Attributes tab.

Set the general attributes of the port as follows:l Enable Port: Enabled



4-11

l Port Mode: Layer 3

Set the other parameters as required.

Step 3 Click Apply.

Step 4 Click the Layer 3 Attributes tab.

Step 5 Select the desired port and set Enable Tunnel as Enabled. Set Specify IP to Manually. Set IPAddress and IP Mask according to the service planning information. For details about theparameters, see Layer 3 Attributes.

NOTE

l When changing the IP address of the port, ensure that the IP address of this port and the IP addressesof the other ports configured with services are not in the same subnet.

Step 6 Click Apply. Then, the Operation Result dialog box is displayed, indicating that the operationis successful.

Step 7 Click Close.

----End

4.4.5 Setting the NE Name, Date, and TimeYou can set the NE name, date, and time by using the U2000 LCT. The purpose is to ensure thatthe recorded and reported alarms and performance events of the U2000 LCT are correct.

PrerequisiteThe U2000 LCT must be started and the NE must be logged in to


PrecautionsNOTE

Synchronizing the NE time does not affect services. Do not modify the system time when the U2000 LCTis running.

l To modify the system time of the server, exit the U2000 LCT server and restart it after the modification.

l To modify the system time of the client, exit the U2000 LCT client and restart it after the modification.

Procedure

Step 1 Right-click the NE in the NE Information List pane, and select NE Explorer.

Step 2 Choose Configuration > NE Attribute from the Function Tree.

Step 3 Change the NE name, and click Apply.

NOTE

It is recommended that the NE name should be "NE ID" + "-" + "Name", for example, 1-Beijing.

Step 4 The Operation Result dialog box is displayed to prompt that the operation is successful. ClickClose.


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Step 5 Choose Configuration > NE Time Synchronization from the Function Tree. Click Query toobtain the current NE time.

Step 6 Right-click the NE time in NE Current Time, and select Synchronize with NM Time. TheTime Synchronization Operation dialog box is displayed.

Step 7 Click Yes. The Operation Result dialog box is displayed to prompt that the operation issuccessful. Click Close.

----End

4.4.6 Configuring Services for the Per-NE CommissioningCertain tests during the per-NE commissioning are based on the configured services. Hence, itis required that you configure commissioning services before the test is performed.

PrerequisiteThe U2000 LCT must be started and the NE must be logged in to.


Background InformationThis topic describes how to configure services on the OptiX OSN 3500 for the per-NEcommissioning. Figure 4-2 shows the board configuration of the OptiX OSN 3500. Specifically,the PQ1 boards in slots 2 and 3 are fully configured, and the PQ1 board in slot 1 protects thePQ1 boards in slots 2 and 3. For details, see 4.8.1 Testing the TPS of the ElectricalInterfaces.



4-13

Figure 4-2 Board configuration of the OptiX OSN 350025 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

D75S

SL64

PQ1

AUX

19 20 21 22 23 24

OptiX OSN 3500

NOTE

The interface boards of the PQ1 board are the D75S, D12S and D12B. Please choose the correspondinginterface board according to the interface impedance type of the PQ1 board.

l The D75S board provides 75-ohm interfaces.

l The D12S board provides 120-ohm interfaces.

l The D12B board provides 120-ohm interfaces.

Figure 4-2 takes the D75S as an example.

PrecautionsNOTE

It is required that the configured services should transit the PDH ports of all the tributary boards.

Procedure

Step 1 Right-click the NE in the NE Information List pane, and select Configuration. The NEConfiguration Wizard window is displayed.

Step 2 Select Manual Configuration, and click Next. A dialog box is displayed, indicating whetherto confirm the initialization. Click OK.

Step 3 A dialog box is displayed, indicating whether to perform the operation. Click OK.


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Step 4 Set NE Name, and select Equipment Type and Shelf Type according to the actual situation.Click Next.

NOTE

In the case of the OptiX OSN 3500, the equipment type is OptiX OSN 3500, and the shelf type is SubrackType I.

Step 5 An NE panel is displayed. Roll down the scroll bar, and click Query Physical Information.Click Next.

Step 6 Select Verify and Run, and click Finish.

NOTE

During this process, a dialog box may be displayed to prompt that the server is busy and cannot respond.In this case, click Finish, and repeat Step 6. In the NE Information List pane, the configuration status ofthe NE is Configured.

Step 7 Right-click the NE in the NE Information List pane, and select NE Explorer.

Step 8 Choose Configuration > SDH Service Configuration from the Function Tree. Click Create,and the Create SDH Service dialog box is displayed.

Step 9 Refer to Figure 4-2, and configure a bidirectional service from 2-PQ1 to 7-SL16.. Select serviceparameters from the dialog box. Click OK. An operation result dialog box is displayed to promptthat the operation is successful.

Step 10 Click Close. The service configuration is complete.

Step 11 Repeat Steps 8-10 to configure services on the PDH ports of all the tributary boards.

----End

Reference InformationTable 4-1 lists the parameters to be set for the service configuration.

Table 4-1 Parameters to be set for the service configuration

Parameter ValueRange

DefaultValue

Description

Service level VC12, VC3,VC4

VC12 Select VC12 for E1 services, VC3 for E3services, and VC4 for E4 services.

Servicedirection

Bidirectional,unidirectional

Bidirectional

l If the service is transmitted and received inthe same route, select "bidirectional".

l If the service is transmitted and received indifferent routes, select "unidirectional".



4-15


DefaultValue

Description

Source slot According tothe boardconfiguration

- l In the case of a tributary board, the sourceslot should be "slot number" + "boardname", for example, 2-PQ1. Specifically,"2" indicates the slot number, and "PQ1"indicates the board name.

l In the case of a line board, the source slotshould be "slot number" + "board name" +"optical interface number", for example, 7-SL16-1. Specifically, "7" indicates the slotnumber, "SL16" indicates the board name,and "1" indicates the optical interfacenumber.

Source VC-4 1-64 - Indicates that the number of the VC-4 channelthat the service occupies in the source slot.

Sourcetimeslotrange (forexample, 1,3-6)

1-64 - When VC-12 services are configured, you canselect up to 63 timeslots. When VC-4 servicesare configured, you can select timeslots asfollows:l Only one VC-4 timeslot can be selected on

an STM-1 board.l A maximum of four VC-4 timeslots can be

selected on an STM-4 board.l A maximum of 16 VC-4 timeslots can be


selected on an STM-64 board.

Sink slot According tothe boardconfiguration

- l In the case of a tributary board, the sink slotshould be "slot number" + "board name",for example, 2-PQ1. Specifically, "2"indicates the slot number, and "PQ1"indicates the board name.

l In the case of a line board, the sink slotshould be "slot number" + "board name" +"optical interface number", for example, 7-SL16-1. Specifically, "7" indicates the slotnumber, "SL16" indicates the board name,and "1" indicates the optical interfacenumber.

Sink VC-4 1-64 - The number for the VC-4 channel at the sinkslot that services travel through


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DefaultValue

Description

Sink timeslotrange (forexample, 1,3-6)

1-64 - When VC-12 services are configured, you canselect up to 63 timeslots. When VC-4 servicesare configured, you can select timeslots asfollows:l Only one VC-4 timeslot can be selected on

an STM-1 board.l A maximum of four VC-4 timeslots can be



selected on an STM-64 board.

Activateimmediately

Yes, No Yes If you select "Yes", the service is activatedimmediately. If you select "No", the servicedata is saved on the NM side only, and theservice is not activated.

4.4.7 Configuring NE Power Consumption ManagementNE Power Consumption Threshold is Typical Power Consumption by default. When theactual NE power consumption is higher than the typical power consumption and a logical boardis added on the NE, the NMS returns a message indicating that the power consumption of theNE is insufficient. Therefore, functions of the NE are affected. To solve this problem, set NEPower Consumption Threshold to High Power Consumption.

Prerequisitel The U2000 must be started and you have logged in to the NE.l The PDU type must be 51PDU and the input power is 63 A.

Tools, Equipment, and MaterialsU2000

Procedure

Step 1 Choose Configuration > NE Batch Configuration > Power Management.

Step 2 Click the NE Power tab. Select the required NE from Physical Root, and then click .

Step 3 Set NE Power Consumption Threshold to High power consumption.



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Step 4 Click Apply.

----End


During installation, cables or fibers may be improperly connected to PDH Service Interfaces,and the hardware may become faulty. To prevent the services from being affected, make surethat the cable or fiber connection is correct. This topic describes how to test the connection ofthe cables to PDH Service Interfaces.

PrerequisiteThe following operations must be performed:

l Cables must be installed and routed from the PDH Service Interfaces to the digitaldistribution frame (DDF).

l The U2000 LCT must be started.l The NE is configured, and the boards of the NE must be created on the NM.

Tools, Equipment, and MaterialsBER tester or SDH analyzer, U2000 LCT, network cable tester

Test Connection DiagramThe test does not require the configuration of test services. Use the software to set the outloopof the tributary board. The transmit end of the meter transmits the test signal to the tributaryboard. The test signal then returns to the receive end of the meter. Read the meters, and makesure that the transmit and receive ports and sequence of the PDH service interface cable areproper.

Figure 4-3 shows how the signal flows through cables connected to the PDH Service Interfaces.Figure 4-4 shows how cables are actually connected to PDH Service Interfaces.

Figure 4-3 Signal flow for testing cable connection to PDH Service Interfaces

PQ1D75SPRBS generator

BER test

Tributaryboard

InterfaceboardSDH analyzer

Loopback


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Figure 4-4 Actual connection of cables to PDH Service Interfaces of the OptiX OSN 3500

DDF

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D75S

SL64

PQ1

AUX

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OptiX OSN 3500

SDH analyzer

TxTx RxRx

Procedure

Step 1 Use the network cable tester to test the network cable in use and ensure that the network cableis in good condition.

Step 2 According to the test connection diagram, connect the SDH analyzer or the BER tester to theport to be tested on the DDF. Connect the receive end of the meter to the transmit interface, thetransmit end of the meter to the receive interface.



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NOTE

To test services at the rate of 2048 kbit/s, use the 2 Mbit/s BER tester instead of the SDH analyzer.

Step 3 Set the pseudo-random serial code for the meter according to the rate of the configured service.Table 4-2 lists the relations between the service rate, the coding, and the pseudo-random serialcode.

Table 4-2 Relations between the service rate, the coding, and the pseudo-random serial code

Service Rate (kbit/s) Coding Pseudo-Random SerialCode

2048 HDB3 215-1

34368 HDB3 223-1

44736 B3ZS 215-1

139264 CMI 223-1

155520 CMI 223-1

Step 4 Use the U2000 LCT to set the outloop at the tributary port to be tested, which corresponds tothe actual test port.1. Right-click the NE in the NE Information List pane, and select NE Explorer.2. Select the tributary board to be tested. Choose Configuration > PDH Interface from the

Function Tree.3. Select By Function. Then, select Tributary Loopback from the drop-down menu.4. Set the tributary port to be tested to Outloop. Click Apply, and a dialog box is displayed.5. Click OK. A dialog box is displayed to prompt that the operation is successful. Click

Close.

Step 5 Observe the SDH analyzer. Normally, the SDH analyzer displays no bit error.

Step 6 Set the loopback mode of the tested port to Non-Loopback. Observe the SDH analyzer. TheSDH analyzer should display the AIS alarm.

Step 7 Repeat Steps 2-6 to test other ports of the tributary board in sequence.

----End

4.6 Testing Connection of Cables to CES Service InterfacesDuring installation, the cables may be connected to the CES service interfaces improperly andthe hardware may become faulty. To prevent impact on services, ensure that the cables areconnected correctly. This section describes how to test the cable connections at CES serviceinterfaces.

PrerequisiteThe following tasks must be performed already:


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l The cables from the CES service interfaces to the digital distribution frame (DDF) areinstalled and routed.

l The U2000 LCT is started.l The NE is configured, and the boards are created on the NMS.

Tools, Equipment, and MaterialsBER tester, SDH analyzer, the U2000 LCT, network cable tester

Test Connection DiagramThis test does not require the configuration of test services. Use the NMS to set an outloop onthe CES board. The test signals are sent at the transmit end of the tester, traverse the CES board,and are received at the receive end of the tester. Confirm that the transmit/receive ports andsequences of the cables for the CES service interfaces are correct with the tester.

Figure 4-5 shows the actual connections for testing the cable of the CES service interface.Figure 4-6 shows the actual connections for testing the cable of the CES service interface.

Figure 4-5 Signal flow through the cable of the CES service interface

CES boardDDF

MD12/MD75

Loopback

SDH analyzer

PRBS generatorBER test



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Figure 4-6 Actual connections for testing the cable of the CES service interface on the OptiXOSN 3500

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MD12/MD75

PEG8

AUX

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OptiX OSN 3500

DDF

SDH analyzer

TxTx RxRx

Procedure

Step 1 Use the network cable tester to test the network cable in use and ensure that the network cableis in good condition.

Step 2 According to the test connection diagram, connect the SDH analyzer or BER tester to thecorresponding port on the DDF. The receive end of the tester connects to the transmit end of theport, and the transmit end of the tester connects to the receive end of the port.


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NOTE

To test 2048 kbit/s services, you can use a 2M BER tester as a substitute of an SDH analyzer.

Step 3 Set the pseudo-random sequence code of the meter according to the configured service rate.Table 4-3 lists the relationship between the service rate, code, and pseudo-random sequencecode.

Table 4-3 Relationship between the service rate, code, and pseudo-random sequence code

Service Rate (kbit/s) Code Pseudo-RandomSequence Code

2048 HDB3 215-1

34368 HDB3 223-1

44736 B3ZS 215-1

139264 CMI 223-1

155520 CMI 223-1

Step 4 On the U2000 LCT, set an outloop on the CES service port. This port corresponds to the port tobe tested.1. On the U2000 LCT, right-click the required NE in the NE Information List, and choose

NE Explorer from the shortcut menu.2. Select the Ethernet board in the NE Explorer. Choose Configuration > SDH Interface

from the Function Tree.3. Select By Function, and then select Optical (Electrical) Interface Loopback from the

drop-down menu.4. Set Outloop on the CES service port, and click Apply. The confirmation dialog box is

displayed.5. Click OK. The Operation Result dialog box is displayed, indicating that the operation is

successful. Click Close.

Step 5 View the SDH analyzer. No bit errors should be displayed.

Step 6 Set the loopback mode of the port to Non-Loopback. Then, view the SDH analyzer. The AISalarm should be displayed.

Step 7 Repeat Steps 2-6 to test the other ports on the CES service board.

----End

4.7 Testing Specifications of Optical InterfacesIf the launched or received optical power is excessively high or low, bit errors occur on theequipment. As a result, services are affected. More seriously, the equipment components maybe even damaged. This topic describes how to test the optical interface specifications. The testis performed to make sure that the launched or received optical power of each optical interfaceis proper.



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Two specifications of an optical interface board are tested, that is, the mean launched opticalpower and actually received optical power.

CAUTIONIn the case of the board that supports the optical interface of several rates, you need to add thelogical interface of the corresponding rate on the U2000 before testing the specifications of theoptical interface.

CAUTIONIf fiber connectors or flanges are contaminated, optical power commissioning is seriouslyaffected. Therefore, the two endfaces and flange of every external fiber must be cleaned beforethe fiber is led into the equipment through the ODF for being inserted into an optical interfaceon the equipment.

4.7.1 Testing the Mean Launched Optical PowerIf the launched or received optical power is excessively high or low, bit errors occur on theequipment. Then, services are affected. More seriously, the equipment components may be evendamaged. This topic describes how to test the mean launched optical power of an opticalinterface. The test is performed to make sure the mean launched optical power of each opticalinterface is proper.

4.7.2 Testing the Received Optical Power of an Optical Interface BoardIf the received optical power is excessively high or low, bit errors occurs on the equipment.Then, services are affected. More seriously, the equipment components may be even damaged.This topic describes how to test the received optical power of an interface. The test is performedto make sure that the received optical power of each interface is proper.

4.7.1 Testing the Mean Launched Optical PowerIf the launched or received optical power is excessively high or low, bit errors occur on theequipment. Then, services are affected. More seriously, the equipment components may be evendamaged. This topic describes how to test the mean launched optical power of an opticalinterface. The test is performed to make sure the mean launched optical power of each opticalinterface is proper.

Prerequisitel Ensure the optical interface that to be tested is on.

l The connections of the optical fibers must be normal.


Optical power meter, fiber jumpers with different connectors, optical connectors, fiber cleaningtools


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Test Connection Diagram

Figure 4-7 shows the connection for testing the mean launched optical power of an interfaceboard.

Figure 4-7 Connection for testing the mean launched optical power

25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37

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SL64

19 20 21 22 23 24

OptiX OSN 3500

Optical power meter

DANGERDuring the NE commissioning, avoid direct eye exposure to the laser beam.

Procedure

Step 1 Remove the fiber from the OUT port of the optical interface board. Cap the optical fiberconnector.

Step 2 Use a fiber jumper to connect the OUT port of the optical interface board to the optical powermeter.

NOTEThe interfaces of the optical power meters may be different. Select the fiber jumper with the correspondingconnector.

Step 3 Refer to Bar Codes of the Boards in Hardware Description to obtain the feature code of theboard. Refer to "Board Feature Code" in the Hardware Description to obtain the corresponding



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type of an optical interface. Query the optical interface specifications from ReferenceInformation, and obtain the working wavelength of the optical interface board.

Step 4 Set the test wavelength of the optical power meter according to the working wavelength of theoptical interface.

Step 5 Observe the value displayed on the optical interface meter. Record the value of the optical powerwhen the value becomes stable. The value is for the mean launched optical power and shouldbe within the range specified in Reference Information.

Step 6 If the mean launched optical power is not within the range specified in ReferenceInformation, inspect and clean the fiber connector. For details about how to inspect and cleanthe fiber connectors used to connect the equipment to the optical power meter, see "Checkingand Cleaning the Optical Fiber Connector" in the Supporting Task. Then, repeat Steps 1-5.

Step 7 Restore the fiber connection after the test shows that the mean launched optical power is proper.

----End

Reference Information

Refer to Bar Codes of the Boards in Hardware Description to learn the description of the barcode on the optical interface board.

The OptiX OSN 3500 supports SDH optical interfaces of different types.

STM-1 Optical Interfaces in Technical Specifications Reference lists the specifications of theSTM-1 optical interfaces of the OptiX OSN 3500.




Ethernet Optical Interfaces in Technical Specifications Reference lists the specifications of theGE and 10GE optical interfaces of the OptiX OSN 3500.

4.7.2 Testing the Received Optical Power of an Optical InterfaceBoard

If the received optical power is excessively high or low, bit errors occurs on the equipment.Then, services are affected. More seriously, the equipment components may be even damaged.This topic describes how to test the received optical power of an interface. The test is performedto make sure that the received optical power of each interface is proper.

Prerequisitel The connections of the optical fibers must be normal.l The mean launched optical power of the optical interface board must be proper.l The fiber from the opposite site must be laid to the ODF of the local site. The per-NE

commissioning must be completed at the opposite site, which must be powered on.


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Tools, Equipment, and MaterialsOptical power meter, fiber connector

Test Connection DiagramFigure 4-8 shows the connection for testing the received optical power.

Figure 4-8 Connection for testing the received optical power

Fiberjumper

- ODF ODF

Fiberjumper

Adjacent stationLocal station

Optical interfaceboard

Testedoptical

interfaceIN

OUT

Procedure

Step 1 Remove the fiber jumper from the IN port of the optical interface board at the local site. Connectthe fiber jumper to the optical power meter by using the fiber connector.

Step 2 Refer to Bar Codes of the Boards in Hardware Description to obtain the information about theoptical interface number. According to the optical interface number and rate, query the opticalinterface specifications in Reference Information, and obtain the working wavelength of theoptical interface board.

Step 3 Set the test wavelength of the optical power meter according to the working wavelength of theoptical interface.

Step 4 Observe the value displayed on the optical interface meter. Record the value when the valuebecomes stable. The recorded value is the value of the actually received optical power.

Step 5 Refer to Reference Information to determine whether the received optical power is proper.

NOTE

The received optical power must follow the rule: minimum sensitivity + 3 dB ≤ received optical power(tested) ≤ minimum overload threshold - 5 dB.

Step 6 If the actually received optical power is not proper, take the following measures:l If the received optical power is excessively low, check the fiber connector, flange and

attenuator on the ODF side, and clean the fiber connector. For details of inspecting andcleaning the fiber connector, see "Checking and Cleaning the Optical Fiber Connectors" inthe Supporting Task.

l If the received optical power is excessively high, check whether the attenuator is normal oradd an attenuator on the ODF side. Refer to Reference Information and Step 5 to determinethe value of the attenuator.



4-27

Step 7 Repeat Steps 1-6 until the test value is within the proper range.

Step 8 Restore the fiber connection to the optical interface after the test value is within the proper range.

----End

4.8 Testing Board Protection SwitchingThe board protection realizes the protection of services. To prevent the failure of serviceswitching, the board protection switching function must be normal. This topic describes how totest the board protection switching function.

4.8.1 Testing the TPS of the Electrical InterfacesThe TPS function is configured to protect services. For this purpose, the TPS protectionswitching must be normal. This topic describes how to test the TPS.4.8.2 Testing the 1+1 Protection of the Cross-Connect and Timing BoardThe 1+1 protection is configured on the cross-connect and timing board. For this purpose, theswitching must be normal. This topic describes how to test the 1+1 protection switching of thecross-connect and timing board.4.8.3 Testing the 1+1 Protection of the GSCC BoardThe 1+1 protection is configured to protect the GSCC board. For this purpose, the protectionswitching must be normal. This topic describes how to test the 1+1 protection switching of theGSCC board.4.8.4 Testing the Switching of the Power SuppliesThe equipment supports 1+1 hot backup for the power supply. In the case that the power supplyis configured with active/standby protection, you need to check whether the switching is normal.

4.8.1 Testing the TPS of the Electrical InterfacesThe TPS function is configured to protect services. For this purpose, the TPS protectionswitching must be normal. This topic describes how to test the TPS.

PrerequisiteThe operations stated in section 4.4 Configuring NE Commissioning Data should be complete.

Tools, Equipment, and MaterialsU2000 LCT, attenuator, fiber jumper, BER tester

Test Connection DiagramFigure 4-9 shows how the signal flows of the TPS. Figure 4-10 shows the actual TPSconnection. In this test, the PQ1 board in slot 1 protects the PQ1 board in slots 2 and 3. In theactual commissioning, the board configuration may be different from the board configurationin this test but the test method is still similar.

Figure 4-9 Signal flow of the TPS

Loopback

PRBS generator

BER test

SDH analyzerOptical

interfaceboard

Cross-connectunit

Interfaceboard

Protectionboard

Workingboard


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Figure 4-10 TPS test connection25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

D75S

DDF

ODF SL64

PQ1

AUX

19 20 21 22 23 24

OptiX OSN 3500

BERtester

Opticalattenuator

Loopback

Procedure

Step 1 Use the U2000 LCT to configure the TPS on the tributary boards.1. Right-click the NE in the NE Information List pane, and select NE Explorer.2. Choose Configuration > TPS Protection from the Function Tree.3. Click Create, and the Create TPS Protection Group dialog box is displayed.4. Select a protection board. Select the working boards from Available Working Board

List. Click to move the board to Working Board List. The WTR time is set to600s by default. Click OK.

5. A dialog box is displayed to prompt that the operation succeeds. Click Close.

Step 2 On the ODF side, self-loop the transmit port and the receive port of the optical interface board.

NOTESelect proper attenuators for self-loop according to the mean launched optical power and the overloadthreshold specified in Reference Information. Make sure that the mean launched optical power after beingattenuated is 5 dB lower than the overload threshold but 3 dB higher than the minimum sensitivity.



4-29

CAUTIONWhen performing a self-loop on the optical interface board, if the transmitted optical power isexcessively high, add proper attenuators on the ODF side. Otherwise, excessive optical powercauses damage to components.

Step 3 According to Figure 4-10, connect the BER tester to the port of the tributary board with servicesconfigured. The BER tester displays no bit errors.

NOTEUse the BER test to test 2 Mbit/s services. Use the SDH analyzer to test the services at the other rates.

Step 4 Set the pseudo-random code for the meter according to the rate of the configured service. Table4-2 lists the relations of the service rate, code and pseudo-random serial code.

Step 5 Observe the ACT indicators of the working boards and the protection board. The indicators ofthe working board should be steady green. The indicator of the protection board should be off.

Step 6 Remove the working board. Observe the ACT indicator of the protection board. It should besteady green.

Step 7 Observe the BER tester:

l When switching the service becomes normal after a transient interruption, and the BER testerdisplays a small number of bit errors.

l After switching the BER tester displays no bit error.

NOTE

After the TPS protection is configured, wait two minutes and then remove the working board to testswitching because the protocol needs a certain period to obtain the physical type of the processing board.This period is not related to the restoring time.

Step 8 Insert the working board. When the STAT indicator is steady green, go to the next step.

Step 9 Right-click the NE in the NE Information List pane, and select NE Explorer from the shortcutmenu.

Step 10 Choose Configuration > TPS Protection from the Function Tree. Click Query. A dialog boxis displayed to prompt that the operation is successful. Click Close. Make sure that the switchingstate of the protected board is WTR.

Step 11 Wait for ten minutes, and then query the switching state of the protection board again. The stateshould be Idle.

Step 12 Observe the board indicator. The ACT indicator of the working board should be steady green.The ACT indicator of the protection board should be off.

Step 13 Observe the BER tester:

l When switching the service becomes normal after a transient interruption, and the BER testerdisplays a small number of bit errors.

l After switching the BER tester displays no bit error.

Step 14 Release the loopback set in Step 2.

----End


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Related InformationFor the TPS protection information about the related boards, see "Board Protection" of eachboard in "PDH Boards."

4.8.2 Testing the 1+1 Protection of the Cross-Connect and TimingBoard

The 1+1 protection is configured on the cross-connect and timing board. For this purpose, theswitching must be normal. This topic describes how to test the 1+1 protection switching of thecross-connect and timing board.

Prerequisitel Slots 9 and 10 should be installed with the cross-connect and timing boards.l The operations stated in section 4.4 Configuring NE Commissioning Data should be

complete.

Tools, Equipment, and MaterialsU2000 LCT, BER tester or SDH analyzer

Test Connection DiagramFigure 4-11 shows the signal flow of the 1+1 protection of the cross-connect and timing board.

Figure 4-11 Signal flow of the 1+1 protection of the cross-connect and timing board

Tributaryboard

Working cross-connectand clock unit

Protection cross-connectand clock unit

PRBS generator

BER test

SDH analyzer

Interfaceboard

Loopback

Opticalinterface

board

Figure 4-12 shows the connection diagram for the test of the 1+1 protection switching of thecross-connect and timing board.



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Figure 4-12 Connection diagram for the test of the 1+1 protection switching of the cross-connectand timing boards

25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

D75S

DDF

ODF SL64

PQ1

AUX

19 20 21 22 23 24

OptiX OSN 3500

Cross-connect andtiming board

BERtester

Opticalattenuator

Loopback

Procedure

Step 1 On the ODF side, perform a self-loop at the transmit port and the receive port of the opticalinterface board.

CAUTIONWhen performing a self-loop on the optical interface board, add proper attenuators on the ODFside if the transmit optical power is excessively high. Otherwise, excessive optical power causesdamage to components.

Step 2 Connect the BER tester to the port of the tributary board with services configured. The BERtester displays no bit errors.

Step 3 Observe the ACT indicators of the cross-connect and timing boards in slots 9 and 10. The ACTindicator of the working board should be steady green.

NOTE

The Working Board is the cross-connect and timing board in slot 9, and the Protection Board is the cross-connect and timing board in slot 10. The Active Board is actually the cross-connect and timing board thatis working.

Step 4 Run the U2000 LCT. Right-click the NE in the NE Information List pane, and select NEExplorer.


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Step 5 Choose Configuration > Board 1+1 Configuration from the Function Tree. Select Cross-Connect Protection Pair from 1+1 Protection List. Click Query. The Operation Resultdialog box is displayed to prompt that the operation is successful. Click Close. The queriedWorking Board should be the same as the Active Board.

Step 6 Select Cross-Connect Protection Pair, and click Working/Protection Switching. TheConfirm dialog box is displayed. Click OK. The Operation Result dialog box is displayed toprompt the operation is successful. Click Close. Repeat Step 5 for query. The queried ActiveBoard should be the same as the Protection Board.

Step 7 Observe the ACT indicator. In this case, the ACT indicator of the Working Board is off whenthe ACT indicator of the Protection Board turns green, which indicates that the switching isperformed. The Protection Board becomes the Active Board.

Step 8 Observe the BER tester:l When switching the BER tester displays a small number of bit errors.l After switching the BER tester displays no bit error.

Which indicates that services are normal after switching.

Step 9 Select Cross-Connect Protection Pair from 1+1 Protection List. Click Restore Working/Protection. The Confirmation dialog box is displayed. Click OK. An Operation Result dialogbox is displayed to prompt that the operation is successful. Click Close. Repeat Step 5 for query.The queried Active Board should be the same as the Working Board.

Step 10 Observe the ACT indicator. In this case, the ACT indicator of the Protection Board is off whenthe ACT indicator of the Working Board turns green, which indicates that the switching isperformed. The Working Board becomes the Active Board.

NOTE

The 1+1 protection switching on the cross-connect and timing boards is non-revertive. When the ProtectionBoard becomes the Active Board, restore the cross-connect and timing boards to the original working/protection state by removing the protection board or clicking Restore Working/Protection on theU2000.

Step 11 Observe the BER tester:l When switching the BER tester displays a small number of bit errors.l After switching the BER tester displays no bit error.

Which indicates that services are normal after reversion.

Step 12 Release the loopback that is set in Step 1.

----End

4.8.3 Testing the 1+1 Protection of the GSCC BoardThe 1+1 protection is configured to protect the GSCC board. For this purpose, the protectionswitching must be normal. This topic describes how to test the 1+1 protection switching of theGSCC board.

Prerequisitel The equipment must be configured with two GSCC boards.l The operations stated in section 4.4 Configuring NE Commissioning Data should be

complete.



4-33

Tools, Equipment, and MaterialsBER tester or SDH analyzer, U2000 LCT

Test Connection DiagramFigure 4-13 shows the connection for testing the 1+1 protection switching.

Figure 4-13 Connection diagram for testing the 1+1 protection switching of the GSCC boards25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

D75S

DDF

ODF SL64

PQ1

AUX

19 20 21 22 23 24

OptiX OSN 3500

Cross-connect andtiming board

BERtester

Opticalattenuator

Loopback

Procedure

Step 1 On the ODF side, self-loop the transmit port and the receive port of the optical interface board.

CAUTIONWhen performing a self-loop on the optical interface board, add proper attenuators on the ODFside if the transmit optical power is excessively high. Otherwise, excessive optical power causesdamage to components.

Step 2 Connect the BER tester to the port of the tributary board with services configured. The BERtester displays no bit errors.

Step 3 Observe the ACT indicators of the GSCC boards in slots 17 and 18. The ACT indicator of theWorking Board should be steady green.


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NOTEThe Working Board is the GSCC board in slot 18, and the Protection Board is the GSCC board in slot17. The Active Board is actually the GSCC board that is working.

Step 4 Remove the GSCC board from slot 18. Then, the ACT indicator of the Working Board is offwhen the ACT indicator of the Protection Board turns green, which indicates that switching isperformed. The Protection Board becomes the Active Board.

Figure 4-14 Removing a board

21

Step 5 Observe the BER tester. The BER tester displays no bit errors, which indicates that services arenormal after switching.

Step 6 Insert the Working Board. Run the U2000 LCT. Choose Fault > Browse Event.

Figure 4-15 Inserting a board

1 2



4-35

Step 7 Wait five to ten minutes and the Refresh button turns red. Click Refresh. The NE reports theBoard in Service event related to slot 18, which indicates that the Working Board is online.

Step 8 Wait about five to ten minutes. Then, refer to Figure 4-14 in Step 4 to remove the ProtectionBoard. Then, the ACT indicator of the Protection Board is off when the ACT indicator of theWorking Board turns green, which indicates that switching is performed. The WorkingBoard becomes the Active Board.

NOTE

l After being inserted back, the GSCC board first synchronizes data with the current working board.Hence, you need to wait about five to ten minutes, and then restore the working/protection state of theGSCC board.

l The 1+1 protection switching of the GSCC boards is non-revertive. Restore the GSCC boards to theoriginal working/protection state by removing the board or issuing the switching command on the NM.

Step 9 Observe the BER tester. The BER tester displays no bit errors, which indicates that services arenormal after reversion.

Step 10 Refer to Figure 4-15 in Step 6, and insert the Protection Board. Run the U2000 LCT. Right-click the NE in the NE Information List pane. Select Browse Alarm. The U2000 LCT displaysthat the working GSCC board raises the BD_STATUS alarm, which indicates that the ProtectionBoard is being reset.

Step 11 Wait five to ten minutes and then select the alarm. Click Synchronize. If the alarm is cleared,it indicates that the resetting of the GSCC board is complete, and the GSCC board is in theworking state.

Step 12 Release the loopback that is set in Step 1.

----End

4.8.4 Testing the Switching of the Power SuppliesThe equipment supports 1+1 hot backup for the power supply. In the case that the power supplyis configured with active/standby protection, you need to check whether the switching is normal.

PrerequisiteThe cabinet must be powered on. For details of how to power on the cabinet, see Powering ona Cabinet.


Procedure

Step 1 Turn on the active power of the equipment by referring to Powering on a Subrack in InstallationGuide. Ensure that the indicators on the cabinet and the power supply board blink normally.

Step 2 Turn on the standby power of the equipment. For details, refer to Step 1.

Step 3 Turn off the switch of the active power. After the active power is cut off, check the indicatorson the cabinet and the power supply board.


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Step 4 Turn on the active power of the equipment again, turn off the switch of the standby power, andthen check the indicators on the cabinet and the power supply board. For details about theindicators, see Indicators on the Cabinet and Alarm Indicators on the Boards.

NOTEIf the indicators on the cabinet and the power supply board blink normally and the equipment worksnormally after you switch off the active power or standby power, it indicates that active and standby powersupply boards work normally.

----End

4.9 Checking Alarms of a Single NEBy checking the alarms generated on a single NE, you can check whether the equipment isworking properly.

Prerequisitel The NE is reachable for the NMS.l The configurations of the NE are performed.


Procedure

Step 1 Double-click the NE icon in the Main Topology, and click .

Step 2 Select Auto Refresh.

Step 3 Check the displayed alarm information.Check for equipment alarms, particularly the following types of alarms: BD_STATUS,BUS_ERR, FAN_FAIL, HARD_BAD, HARD_ERR, LASER_MOD_ERR,OUT_PWR_ABN, and TEMP_OVER.

For details of the preceding alarms and how to clear these alarms, see the Alarms andPerformance Events Reference and Troubleshooting.

----End



4-37

5 System Commissioning

About This Chapter

This topic describes the commissioning items and methods of the system commissioning.

5.1 Testing the Received Optical Power of an Optical Interface BoardIf the received optical power is excessively high or low, bit errors occurs on the equipment.Then, services are affected. More seriously, the equipment components may be even damaged.This topic describes how to test the received optical power of an interface. The test is performedto make sure that the received optical power of each interface is proper.

5.2 Checking the Networkwide Fiber ConnectionsIncorrect fiber connections may affect service commissioning and configurations, and evenservices on live networks. Therefore, during a system commissioning, you must check the fiberconnections of the entire network according to actual network topologies.

5.3 Checking Connection Between the U2000 Computer and the EquipmentThe U2000 computer manages equipment by using the U2000 software. If the connection isimproper, the U2000 cannot manage the NEs. To prevent the improper connection of theU2000 computer, check the connection between the U2000 computer and the equipment, andmake sure that the connection is proper.

5.4 Configuring the Inband DCNGenerally, you need not construct a dedicated management and control DCN network duringthe network planning process. You can use partial bandwidth on the service network to constructthe management DCN.

5.5 Creating and Configuring the NetworkAfter checking the fiber connection and the connection of the U2000 computer, use theU2000 to create and configure the network. The purpose is to make sure that the U2000 canmanage all NEs and fulfill the following network commissioning tasks.

5.6 Querying the Networkwide Software VersionsThe software versions of the NEs must be queried and recorded so that the networkwide softwareversions are consistent. This topic describes how to query board software versions.


OptiX OSN 3500 Intelligent Optical Transmission SystemCommissioning Guide 5 System Commissioning


5-1

In the case of NEs that do not have the NTP service configured, you need to check whether theNE time is consistent with the NM time, so that the NM can correctly record the time of alarmgeneration. Otherwise, manually synchronize the NE time with the NM.

5.8 Enabling, Disabling and Setting Performance Monitoring of the NEBy setting performance monitoring parameters of an NE properly and starting the performancemonitoring for the NE, you can obtain the detailed performance record during the running ofthe NE. This facilitates the monitoring and analysis of the NE running status performed bymaintenance personnel.

5.9 Testing the Clock Protection SwitchingIt is critical for services to achieve clock synchronization on the entire network. To protectservices against a clock failure, you need to test the clock protection switching and ensure thatthe clock protection switching can be performed normally in the case of network faults.

5.10 Testing SDH Network Protection SwitchingThe SDH network protection achieves the protection of SDH services. To prevent the failure ofservice switching on the SDH network, the network protection switching function must benormal.

5.11 Testing the Protection Switching Schemes on the PSN NetworkThe protection switching schemes configured for a PSN network protect the services on thenetwork. To ensure that the protection switching is normal in the case of a network fault, youneed to test the protection switching schemes on the PSN network.

5.12 Testing EoS Service ChannelsWhen the network transmits the Ethernet over SDH (EoS) service, the availability of the EoSservice channels must be tested.

5.13 Testing Packet Service ChannelsWhen a network transmits packet services, the availability of packet service channels must betested.

5.14 Testing Packet Ethernet ServicesAfter configuring Ethernet services on a PSN network, you need to test Ethernet services tocheck whether the configuration is correct.

5.15 Testing Cross-domain ServicesCross-domain services refer to the services that are transmitted from the TDM domain to thepacket domain by using the EoD board. After configuring cross-domain services, you need totest whether the configuration is correct.

5.16 Testing CES ServicesAfter configuring CES services, you need to test connectivity of end-to-end CES services toensure that they work properly.

5.17 Testing Packet Loss on Cross-domian Service ChannelsTo test Ethernet service channels, you can perform a loopback on one side of Ethernet servicesand test whether packet loss occurs on the other side by using a Network Analyzer.

5.18 Testing the Point-to-Point BERThe networkwide BER is tested at the end of the network commissioning. The test is performedto discover potential problems of service channels and to ensure service stability. This topicdescribes how to test the networkwide BER.

5.19 Testing OrderwireOrderwire includes the orderwire phone and the conference phone. The orderwire is tested toconfirm that the network-wide orderwire and conference phones work normally.

5 System CommissioningOptiX OSN 3500 Intelligent Optical Transmission System

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5.20 Checking Networkwide AlarmsAfter the system commissioning is complete, you can check the alarms on the network. In thismanner, you can find and rectify the faults on the network.



5-3


If the received optical power is excessively high or low, bit errors occurs on the equipment.Then, services are affected. More seriously, the equipment components may be even damaged.This topic describes how to test the received optical power of an interface. The test is performedto make sure that the received optical power of each interface is proper.

Check whether the received optical power has been tested in the per-NE commissioning. If yes,skip this test. If not, refer to 4.7.2 Testing the Received Optical Power of an Optical InterfaceBoard.

5.2 Checking the Networkwide Fiber ConnectionsIncorrect fiber connections may affect service commissioning and configurations, and evenservices on live networks. Therefore, during a system commissioning, you must check the fiberconnections of the entire network according to actual network topologies.

5.2.1 Checking the Fiber Connection of the SDH NetworkFibers are connected in different manners for different networking schemes on the SDH network.If fibers are connected improperly, errors may occur on the later commissioning. More seriously,the running services may even be affected. To avoid incorrect fiber connection, the networktopology must be provided to check the fiber connection. This topic describes how to check fiberconnection of the SDH network.

5.2.2 Checking Fiber Connections of a Packet NetworkIncorrect fiber connections may affect service commissioning and configurations, and evenservices on live networks. Therefore, you must check the fiber connections of the entire networkaccording to actual network topologies.

5.2.1 Checking the Fiber Connection of the SDH NetworkFibers are connected in different manners for different networking schemes on the SDH network.If fibers are connected improperly, errors may occur on the later commissioning. More seriously,the running services may even be affected. To avoid incorrect fiber connection, the networktopology must be provided to check the fiber connection. This topic describes how to check fiberconnection of the SDH network.

Prerequisitel The network topology must be known.l The board must be seated and operate normally.


Procedure

Step 1 Check the fiber connection at each site according to the network topology.


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l Check the fiber connection of a two-fiber ring. See Figure 5-1.l Check the fiber connection of a four-fiber ring. See Figure 5-2.l Check the fiber connection of a non-protection chain. See Figure 5-3.l Check the fiber connection of a 1+1 or 1:1 linear MS. See Figure 5-4.l Check the fiber connection of a 1:N (N≤14) linear MS. See Figure 5-5.

NOTEOptical fibers in a ring network (two-fiber ring or four-fiber ring) are required to be connected in thedirection of the primary ring. That is, the east line board at the local site is connected to the west line boardat the opposite site.

Step 2 If you are on the commissioning site, check the indicators on line boards. The SRV indicatorshould not be red.

NOTEIf the SRV indicator does not turn red, it indicates that the optical interface can receive optical signals. Ifcertain optical interfaces on the multi-interface board are not used, the SRV indicator should turn red. Inthis case, you can use the U2000 LCT to query alarms and to check whether the board works normally.

----End

Reference InformationNOTEFor easy illustration and configuration of two pairs of the optical interfaces at an ADM site, suppose theobserver is standing outside the ring and facing the NE, the optical interfaces on the left is defined as westinterfaces and the optical interfaces on the right are defined as east interfaces. Be default, services are sentin the east and received in the west.

Figure 5-1 shows the fiber connection of a two-fiber ring.

Figure 5-1 Fiber connection of a two-fiber ring

IN

OUT

West East

NE4

IN

OUT

IN

OUT

West East

NE1

IN

OUT

IN

OUT

West East

NE2

IN

OUT

IN

OUT

West East

NE3

IN

OUT



5-5

Figure 5-2 shows the fiber connection of a four-fiber ring.

Figure 5-2 Fiber connection of a four-fiber ring

West East

NE2

NE1 NE4

NE3

West East

West East

IN

OUT

IN

OUT

IN

OUT

IN

OUT

IN

OUT

IN

OUT

IN

OUT

IN

OUT

IN

OUT

IN

OUT

IN

OUT

IN

OUT

West East

IN

OUT

IN

OUT

IN

OUT

IN

OUT

West East

NOTEIf one end of the fiber is connected to the "OUT" port, the other end should be connected to the "IN" portof the interface board at the opposite end. If one end of the fiber is connected to the "IN" port, the otherend should be connected to the "OUT" port of the interface board at the opposite end.

Figure 5-3 shows the fiber connection of a non-protection chain.


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Figure 5-3 Fiber connection of a non-protection chain

IN

OUT

NE1

IN

OUT

NE2

Figure 5-4 shows the fiber connection of a 1+1 or 1:1 linear MS.

Figure 5-4 Fiber connection of a 1+1 or 1:1 linear MS

NE1

IN

OUT

IN

OUT

NE2

IN

OUT

IN

OUT

Figure 5-5 shows the fiber connection of a protected 1:N (N≤14) linear MS.



5-7

Figure 5-5 Fiber connection of 1:N (N≤14) linear MS

1

NE1

IN

OUT

IN

OUT

IN

OUT

NE2

IN

OUT

IN

OUT

IN

OUT

......

......

......

2

N

1

2

N

5.2.2 Checking Fiber Connections of a Packet NetworkIncorrect fiber connections may affect service commissioning and configurations, and evenservices on live networks. Therefore, you must check the fiber connections of the entire networkaccording to actual network topologies.

Prerequisitel The network topology is known.l The boards are installed and operate normally.


Fiber Connection Diagram of a Packet NetworkFigure 5-6 shows an example the fiber connections of a packet network.


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Figure 5-6 Fiber connection diagram

NE1

IN

OUT

NE2

IN

OUT

Port 1 Port 1

Port N Port N

ProcedureStep 1 Check the fiber connection at each node according to actual network topologies.

Step 2 If you are physically present on site, check the indicators on the front panel of the optical interfaceboard. The SRV indicator should not be red.

NOTEIf the SRV indicator is not red, it indicates that the optical interface receives optical signals. In the case ofa board that has multiple optical interfaces, the SRV indicator is steady red if certain interfaces are notused. In this case, you can query the alarms only on the NMS to determine whether the board worksnormally.

Step 3 Check for the ETH_LINK_DOWN and ETH_LOS alarms of NE1 and NE2.NOTEWhen the fiber connections are incorrect, the ETH_LINK_DOWN and ETH_LOS alarms are reported. Inthis case, reconnect the fibers to the interface in a correct manner. If the alarms persist, see the Alarms andPerformance Events Reference.

----End

5.3 Checking Connection Between the U2000 Computer andthe Equipment

The U2000 computer manages equipment by using the U2000 software. If the connection isimproper, the U2000 cannot manage the NEs. To prevent the improper connection of theU2000 computer, check the connection between the U2000 computer and the equipment, andmake sure that the connection is proper.

The U2000 computer can be connected to the equipment in either of the following schemes.

l Direct connection: Use the cross-over cable.l Indirect connection through a LAN: Use the straight-through network cable.

5.3.1 Checking Direct Connection Between the U2000 Computer and the EquipmentWhen the network port of the U2000 computer is directly connected to the ETH port of an NE,make sure that the network is a cross-over cable and the connection is proper. In addition, make



5-9

sure that the rates and duplex modes of the network ports of the interconnected ends areconsistent.

5.3.2 Checking Connection Between the U2000 Computer and the Equipment Through a LANWhen the network port of the U2000 computer is connected to the ETH port of the equipmentthrough the LAN, make sure that the network cable is a straight-through cable and the connectionis proper. In addition, make sure that the speed and duplex mode of the ETH port of the equipmentare consistent with the speed and duplex mode of the interface of the switching equipment onthe LAN.

5.3.1 Checking Direct Connection Between the U2000 Computerand the Equipment

When the network port of the U2000 computer is directly connected to the ETH port of an NE,make sure that the network is a cross-over cable and the connection is proper. In addition, makesure that the rates and duplex modes of the network ports of the interconnected ends areconsistent.

Prerequisitel The U2000 computer must be connected to the NE through a network cable.l The U2000 must be installed and the U2000 computer must be started.l Make sure that the network adapter of the U2000 computer supports the adaptive mode.l Make sure of the speed and duplex mode that the network adapter of the U2000 computer

supports.


ContextTable 5-1 provides the modes, rates, and duplex modes that are supported by the ETH port ofthe OptiX OSN 3500.

Table 5-1 Mode, speed, and duplex mode supported by the ETH port

Parameter Value Range Default Value Description

Mode l Adapt Model Fixed Mode

Adapt Mode The ETH port ofOptiX OSN 3500 supports theadaptive mode and fixed mode. Thedefault mode is the adapt mode.

Speed l -l 10Ml 100M

- You can choose a speed only whenthe mode is set to Fixed Mode.

DuplexMode

l -l Half Duplexl Full Duplex

- You can choose a duplex mode onlywhen the mode is set to FixedMode.


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l If the network port of the U2000 computer also supports the adaptive mode, and the speedand duplex mode of the ETH port of OptiX OSN 3500 has an intersection with those of thenetwork adapter of the U2000 computer, normal communication can be created throughauto-negotiation.

l If the network port of the U2000 computer does not support the adaptive mode, you canmanually set the speed and duplex mode of the ETH port of OptiX OSN 3500 to beconsistent with those of the network adapter of the U2000 computer. In this way, normalcommunication can be created.

CAUTIONIf the network adapter of the U2000 computer does not support the adaptive mode and supportsthe full-duplex mode only, and when the ETH port of the equipment is in adaptive mode, thenetwork adapter of the U2000 computer cannot respond to auto-negotiation. As a result, the ETHport of the equipment works in the half-duplex mode, which reduces communication efficiency.

Procedure

Step 1 Check the network cable. Make sure that one end of the network cable is connected to the ETHport of the PC and the other end to the ETH port of the AUX board. In the case of the OptiXOSN 3500, the ETH port is installed on the AUX board. Figure 5-7 shows the position of theETH port on the board.

Figure 5-7 Direct connection between the U2000 computer and the equipment

Slot 37 AUX

ETH

PC

ETH

Step 2 Remove the network cable. Observe the pin sequence at both ends. The network cable must bea cross-over cable because the U2000 computer needs to be directly connected to the NE. Fordetails of the cross-over cable, see Crossover Cable in Hardware Description.

Step 3 Insert the network cable back. Observe the indicators of the network port of the U2000 computerand the ETH port of the NE. The LINK indicator should be steady green and the ACT indicatorshould flash orange.



5-11

ACT

LINK

ETH

Step 4 Query the actual speed and duplex mode of the ETH port on the equipment. Make sure that thespeed and duplex mode of the ETH port are consistent with the speed and duplex mode of thenetwork adapter of the U2000 computer.

1. Right-click the NE icon on the Main Topology, and select NE Explorer from the shortcutmenu.

2. Select AUX from the Navigation Tree. Choose Configuration > Environment MonitorConfiguration > Environment Monitor Interface from the Function Tree. Click

.

3. Select Network Card Speed And Communication Mode. Click Query.

4. Check whether the speed and duplex mode of the ETH port on the equipment are consistentwith the speed and duplex mode of the network adapter of the U2000 computer. If not, referto Crossover Cable in Hardware Description to set the rates and duplex modes to beconsistent.

----End

5.3.2 Checking Connection Between the U2000 Computer and theEquipment Through a LAN

When the network port of the U2000 computer is connected to the ETH port of the equipmentthrough the LAN, make sure that the network cable is a straight-through cable and the connectionis proper. In addition, make sure that the speed and duplex mode of the ETH port of the equipmentare consistent with the speed and duplex mode of the interface of the switching equipment onthe LAN.

Prerequisitel The U2000 computer and the NEs must be connected to the LAN.

l The U2000 must be installed and the U2000 computer must be started.

l Make sure that the interface of the switching equipment on the LAN supports the adaptivemode.

l Make sure of the speed and duplex mode that are supported by the interface of the switchingequipment on the LAN.


U2000


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Context

Table 5-1 shows provides the modes, rates, and duplex modes that are supported by the ETHport of the OptiX OSN 3500.

l If the interface of the switching equipment on the LAN also supports the adaptive mode,and the speed and duplex mode of the ETH port of OptiX OSN 3500 has an intersectionwith those of the interface of the switching equipment on the LAN, normal communicationcan be created through auto-negotiation.

l If the network port of the U2000 computer does not support the adaptive mode, you canmanually set the rate and duplex mode of the ETH port of OptiX OSN 3500 to be consistentwith those of the interface of the switching equipment. In this way, normal communicationcan be created.

CAUTIONIf the interface of the switching equipment on the LAN does not support the adaptive mode andsupports the full-duplex mode only, and when the ETH port of the equipment is in adaptivemode, the interface of the switching equipment cannot respond to auto-negotiation. As a result,the ETH port of the equipment works in the half-duplex mode, which reduces communicationefficiency.

Procedure

Step 1 Check the network cable. Figure 5-8 shows the connection. The U2000 computer and theequipment are connected to a LAN through the straight-through cable. In the case of the OptiXOSN 3500, the ETH port is installed on the AUX board.

Figure 5-8 Connection between the U2000 computer and the equipment through a LAN

Slot 37 AUX

PC

ETHETH

PC

Straight-throughnetwork cable

Straight-throughnetwork cable LAN

Step 2 Remove the network cable. Observe the pin sequence at both ends. A straight-through cable isused to connect the U2000 computer to an NE through a LAN. SeeStraight Through Cable in



5-13

Hardware Description defines the pin sequence of the network cable connector and the mappingconnection relation of the pins at both ends.

Step 3 Insert the network cable back. Observe the indicators at the network port of the U2000 computerand the ETH port of the NE. The LINK indicator should be steady green and the ACT indicatorshould flash orange.

ACT

LINK

ETH

Step 4 Query the actual rate and duplex mode of the ETH port. Make sure that the rate and duplex modeof the ETH port are consistent with the rate and duplex mode of the interface of the switchingequipment on the LAN.1. Right-click the NE icon on the Main Topology, and select NE Explorer from the shortcut

menu.2. Select AUX from the Navigation Tree. Choose Configuration > Environment Monitor

Configuration > Environment Monitor Interface from the Function Tree. Click

.3. Select Network Card Speed And Communication Mode. Click Query.4. Check whether the speed and duplex mode of the ETH port are consistent with the speed

and duplex mode of the interface of the switching equipment on the LAN. If not, refer toStraight Through Cable in Hardware Description to set the speeds and duplex modes to beconsistent.

----End

5.4 Configuring the Inband DCNGenerally, you need not construct a dedicated management and control DCN network duringthe network planning process. You can use partial bandwidth on the service network to constructthe management DCN.

5.4.1 Configuring the DCN Function of a PortThe NM information can be transported through the inband DCN only when the DCN functionis enabled for the ports at both ends of a link.

5.4.2 Configuring the Protocol Stack Used by the Inband DCNInband DCN packets can be transmitted by using the IP or HWECC protocol.

5.4.3 Setting the VLAN ID and Bandwidth Used by the Inband DCNThe equipment communicates with the NMS through the inband DCN. The networkmanagement information is transmitted with the service information, and the equipment addsthe default VLAN ID into the management information. You can adjust the bandwidth of theinband DCN according to the actual requirements.


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5.4.4 Setting the NMS Access ParametersIn the case of the traditional DCN network, the equipment accesses the NMS through the SCCboard. The OSN equipment can also access the NMS through the network interface of an Ethernetboard. When the OSN equipment accesses the NMS through the network interface of an Ethernetboard, the OSN equipment can communicate with the NMS only after you set the NMS accessparameters for the Ethernet board.

5.4.5 Checking the DCN Routing TableAfter the inband DCN protocol is configured, check the DCN routing table to ensure that theinband DCN configurations are consistent with DCN planning.

5.4.6 Verifying the Configuration of the Inband DCNThis topic describes how to determine whether the specified inband DCN works properly byverifying the basic functions of the inband DCN.

5.4.1 Configuring the DCN Function of a PortThe NM information can be transported through the inband DCN only when the DCN functionis enabled for the ports at both ends of a link.

PrerequisiteYou must be an NM user with "NE operator" authority or higher.


Procedure

Step 1 In the NE Explorer, select an NE and choose Communication > DCN Management from theFunction Tree.

Step 2 Click the Port Settings tab.

Step 3 In the corresponding Enabled Status field of the related port, select Enabled.

NOTE

When you configure an Ethernet service that exclusively occupies a port, disable the DCN function of theport.

Step 4 Click Apply.

----End

5.4.2 Configuring the Protocol Stack Used by the Inband DCNInband DCN packets can be transmitted by using the IP or HWECC protocol.




5-15


Procedure


Step 2 Click the Protocol Settings tab. Set Protocol Type of the corresponding port.

NOTE

Protocol Type is set to the IP protocol by default. The HWECC protocol is an internal protocol of Huawei.

For communications between the OptiX OSN equipment, the IP protocol or the HWECC protocol can beused. For communications between the OptiX OSN equipment and the PTN equipment or the third-partyequipment, only the IP protocol can be used.

Step 3 Click Apply.

----End

5.4.3 Setting the VLAN ID and Bandwidth Used by the Inband DCNThe equipment communicates with the NMS through the inband DCN. The networkmanagement information is transmitted with the service information, and the equipment addsthe default VLAN ID into the management information. You can adjust the bandwidth of theinband DCN according to the actual requirements.



Background Informationl If the default VLAN ID of the DCN conflicts with the VLAN ID used by the service, change

the VLAN ID of the DCN manually. Ensure that all the DCN channels use the same VLANID.

l If the DCN packets do not use all the available bandwidth, the idle bandwidth can be sharedwith the service packets.

l It is recommended that you change the VLAN ID of the DCN on the non-gateway NEsbefore changing the VLAN ID of the DCN on the gateway NE. Otherwise, the non-gatewayNEs may be unreachable to the NMS.


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Procedure


Step 2 Click the Bandwidth Management tab and set the parameters.

NOTE

l If you click Default, the corresponding parameter automatically takes the default value.

l Generally, the default VLAN ID is recommended. When the VLAN ID used by a service conflicts withthe VLAN ID used by a DCN channel, you can define another VLAN ID for the DCN channel. Ensurethat the VLAN ID of the DCN channel is the same as the VLAN IDs of the other DCN channels.

Step 3 Click Apply.

----End

5.4.4 Setting the NMS Access ParametersIn the case of the traditional DCN network, the equipment accesses the NMS through the SCCboard. The OSN equipment can also access the NMS through the network interface of an Ethernetboard. When the OSN equipment accesses the NMS through the network interface of an Ethernetboard, the OSN equipment can communicate with the NMS only after you set the NMS accessparameters for the Ethernet board.



Background InformationNOTE

l You need to set the NMS access parameters only when the equipment accesses the NMS by using anEthernet service board.

l By default, Enabled Status is Disabled.

CAUTIONWhen the DCN port is interconnected with the NMS, the IP address of the NMS computer andthe IP address of the NNI on the equipment cannot be in the same network segment.



5-17

Procedure


Step 2 Click the Access Control tab and set the parameters.

Step 3 Click Apply.

----End

5.4.5 Checking the DCN Routing TableAfter the inband DCN protocol is configured, check the DCN routing table to ensure that theinband DCN configurations are consistent with DCN planning.

Prerequisitel You must be an NM user with NE administrator authority or higher.l Protocol Stack Type of the inband DCN is set to IP.


Procedure

Step 1 In the NE Explorer, select the NE and then choose Configuration CommunicationIP ProtocolStack Management from the Function Tree.

Step 2 Click the IP Route Management tab. In the tab page, click Query to query the IP routes.

NOTEIn the IP routing table, if all the NEs on which the protocol is set to the IP protocol on the same datacommunication network (DCN) are displayed, it indicates that the NEs communicate with each othernormally.


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Table 5-2 Parameters in the IP routing table

Parameter Description

Destination Address Indicates the destination address of the IP packet to be transmitted.NOTE

The destination address cannot be the IP address of the local NE or a loopbackIP address in the 127.0.0.0 network segment.

Mask Indicates the subnet mask of the destination address of the IP packet.NOTE

The subnet masks of the NEs in the same network segment must be the same.Otherwise, routing errors occur.

Gateway IP Address Indicates the IP address of the gateway NE for the NE, or the IP addressof the next hop for the IP packet.

Protocol "DIRECT" indicates that the route is between the local NE and theneighboring NE.

Interface Indicates the interface that is used on the route.l Ethernet1, the Ethernet interface. "1" indicates the number of the

Ethernet interface.l InLoopBack0, the loopback interface (that is, the interface whose

IP address is 127.0.0.1).l Serial3, the PPP interface. "3" indicates the number of the PPP

interface.

Hop Count Indicates the maximum number of routers through which the packetsare transmitted.

Working Status Indicates whether the current IP route is available.

----End

5.4.6 Verifying the Configuration of the Inband DCNThis topic describes how to determine whether the specified inband DCN works properly byverifying the basic functions of the inband DCN.

PrerequisiteThe inband DCN must be configured.

Background Information

You can perform the verification according to the following aspects:

l On the U2000, create a non-gateway NE. After being created successfully, the non-gatewayNE is reachable to the U2000 and can upload data to the U2000 normally.

l On the U2000, query the DCN management data of the non-gateway NE to check whetherthe configuration data of the inband DCN is correct.



5-19

l After you change the settings of the parameters for the NE, such as the DCN protocol mode,the DCN network communications is normal.

Procedure

Step 1 On the U2000, create a non-gateway NE. After being created successfully, the non-gateway NEcan log in to and upload data to the U2000 normally.

NOTE

In the case of new equipment, set Gateway Type to Non-Gateway, and then set Affiliated Gateway tothe gateway NE on the inband DCN.

Step 2 On the U2000, query the DCN management data of the non-gateway NE to check whether theconfiguration data of the inband DCN is correct.1. Choose System > DCN Management from the Main Menu.2. Click the NE tab.3. Click Refresh and check whether the Communication Status of the non-gateway NE is

Normal.

Step 3 After you change the settings of the parameters for the NE, such as the DCN protocol mode, theDCN network communications is normal.

NOTE

On the network where inband DCN communication is performed, the parameters of all the NEs must bethe same. You need to change the parameters such as the DCN protocol mode of non-gateway NEs beforechanging the parameters such as the DCN protocol mode of the gateway NEs.

1. In the Main Topology, right-click the NE that you want to configure and choose NEExplorer from the shortcut menu.

2. In the NE Explorer, select the NE that you want to configure. Then, chooseConfiguration > Communication > DCN Management.

3. Modify the parameters such as Bandwidth (Kbps) and Protocol Type.4. Click Apply. Then, the Operation Result dialog box is displayed, indicating that the

operation is successful.

----End

5.5 Creating and Configuring the NetworkAfter checking the fiber connection and the connection of the U2000 computer, use theU2000 to create and configure the network. The purpose is to make sure that the U2000 canmanage all NEs and fulfill the following network commissioning tasks.

PrerequisiteThe networkwide fiber connection and the connection of the U2000 computer to the equipmentmust be checked.

The NMS server and NMS client are started.



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ProcedureTable 5-3 lists the configuration procedure. For details on the configuration, see theConfiguration Guide.

Table 5-3 Configuration Process

ConfigurationProcess

Reference

Logging in to theU2000

See "Logging In to the U2000 Client" in the Configuration Guide.

Creating an NE See "Creating NEs" in the Configuration Guide.

Configuring NE data See "Creating the NE Data" in the Configuration Guide.

Creating fibers See "Creating Fibers" in the Configuration Guide.

Creating a topologysubnet

See "Creating a Topology Subnet" in the Configuration Guide.

Configuring theequipment-levelprotection

See "Configuring the Equipment Level Protection" in theConfiguration Guide.

Configuringprotection subnets

See "Configuring the Protection Subnet" in the ConfigurationGuide.

Configuring clock See "Configuring Clocks" in the Configuration Guide.

Configuringorderwire

See "Configuring Orderwire" in the Configuration Guide.

Configuring SDHservices (optional)

See "Configuring the SDH Services" in the Configuration Guide.

Configuringprotection groups(optional)

See "MPLS Tunnel APS", "MPLS PW APS", and "Linear MSP" inthe Feature Description.

Configuring Ethernetservices

l To configure Ethernet services in packet mode, see "ConfiguringE-Line Services", "Configuring E-LAN Services" or"Configuring E-AGGR Services" in the Configuration Guide(Packet Transport Domain) .

l To configure Ethernet services in TDM mode, see "ConfiguringEthernet Services" in the Configuration Guide (SDH TransportDomain) .

Configuring cross-domain services

See "Configuring Cross-Domain Services" in the ConfigurationGuide (Packet Transport Domain) .

Configuring CESservices

See "Configuring CES Services" in the Configuration Guide (PacketTransport Domain) .



5-21

NOTE

Before creating SDH services, delete the services configured for the per-NE commissioning.

5.6 Querying the Networkwide Software VersionsThe software versions of the NEs must be queried and recorded so that the networkwide softwareversions are consistent. This topic describes how to query board software versions.

PrerequisiteThe U2000 server and clients must be started normally.


Procedure

Step 1 Log in to the U2000. Refer to Querying the Board Information Report in Support Tasks to querythe board information report.

NOTE

The software version information is mainly as follows:

l BIOS version

l Software version

l Logic version

l PCB version

Step 2 Record the BIOS version, software version, logic version, and the PCB version of the NE.

NOTEIf the versions of the NE software are inconsistent, the NMS will display the MSSW_DIFFERENT. Toclear the alarm, see the Alarm and Performance Events Reference.

Step 3 Query and record the software versions of the other NEs. Compare the software versions of theboards. The software versions of the boards of the same type on the entire network must be thesame. Otherwise, provide feedback to the local offices of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.immediately.

----End

5.7 Synchronizing the NE Time with the NMIn the case of NEs that do not have the NTP service configured, you need to check whether theNE time is consistent with the NM time, so that the NM can correctly record the time of alarmgeneration. Otherwise, manually synchronize the NE time with the NM.

Prerequisitel The U2000 must be started at the center.l You must be an NM user with "NE operator" authority or higher.


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Maintenance PeriodDaily

Tools, Equipment and MaterialsU2000

PrecautionsNOTE

Synchronizing the NE time does not affect services. Before synchronizing the NE time, verify that thesystem time on the NM server is correct.If you want to change the system time, exit the U2000 to reset the time and then start the NM again.

Procedure

Step 1 Choose Configuration > NE Batch Configuration > NE Time Synchronization from theMain Menu.

Step 2 In the Object Tree, select one or more NEs and click .

Step 3 Click Close in the Operation Result dialog box.

Step 4 Select one or more NEs in the list, right-click and choose Synchronize with NM Time fromthe shortcut menu.

Step 5 Click Yes in the Time Synchronization Operation prompt box. Click Close in the OperationResult dialog box.

----End


By setting performance monitoring parameters of an NE properly and starting the performancemonitoring for the NE, you can obtain the detailed performance record during the running ofthe NE. This facilitates the monitoring and analysis of the NE running status performed bymaintenance personnel.

PrerequisiteYou must be an NM user with NE operator authority or higher.

NE time is synchronized with the U2000 server.

Impact on SystemNone.

Tools, Equipment and MaterialsU2000



5-23

Procedure

Step 1 Choose Performance > Settings > Set NE Performance Monitoring Time from the MainMenu.

Step 2 Select NEs from the NE list. Click .

Step 3 Set the performance monitoring parameters according to the requirements.1. Select Enabled or Disablein Set 15-Minute Monitoringor Set 24-Hour Monitoring to

enable/disable the monitoring of the NE performance.2. Optional: Select 15-Minuteor 24-Hour to set the monitoring period of the NE

performance.3. Optional: Set the start time and end time of the performance monitoring.

NOTE

l The start time must be later than the current time of the network management system and the endtime must be later than the start time.

l If the end time is not set, this indicates that the performance monitoring starts from the start timeand does not stop.

Step 4 Click Apply and click Close in the Operation Result dialog box.

----End

5.9 Testing the Clock Protection SwitchingIt is critical for services to achieve clock synchronization on the entire network. To protectservices against a clock failure, you need to test the clock protection switching and ensure thatthe clock protection switching can be performed normally in the case of network faults.

5.9.1 Testing SDH Clock Protection SwitchingThe SDH clock protection switching is performed to protect SDH clocks and to make sure thatthe SDH clocks of all NEs are synchronous. To prevent the SDH clock failure, you need toperform the SDH clock protection switching.

5.9.2 Testing the IEEE 1588v2 Clock Protection SwitchingThe IEEE 1588v2 clock protection switching is used to protect IEEE 1588v2 clocks on the NE.It is critical for packet services to achieve the IEEE 1588v2 clock synchronization between theNEs on the entire network. To ensure normal switching of IEEE 1588v2 clock, you need to testthe IEEE 1588v2 clock protection switching.

5.9.1 Testing SDH Clock Protection SwitchingThe SDH clock protection switching is performed to protect SDH clocks and to make sure thatthe SDH clocks of all NEs are synchronous. To prevent the SDH clock failure, you need toperform the SDH clock protection switching.

Prerequisitel You must be an NM user with NE administrator authority or higher.

l The clock parameters and clock protection subnet must be configured. For details, see"Configuring Clocks" in the Configuration Guide.


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Procedure

Step 1 In the NE Explorer, select an NE and choose Configuration > Clock > Clock SourceSwitching from the Function Tree.

Step 2 Click the Clock Source Switching tab, and click Query to query the current switching statusof the current clock source.

Step 3 Remove the clock trace fiber of the NE (or shut down the laser). Query the current clock sourceswitching status of the NE.

NOTE

If you cannot remove the fiber on site, use the U2000 to shut down the laser of the port. In this way, youcan simulate a fiber cut. For the method of shutting down a laser, refer to Steps 2 and 3 in 5.10.1 Testingthe Two-Fiber Bidirectional MSP Ring Protection Switching.

Step 4 Choose Fault > Browse Alarm List from the Main Menu. Click the Alarm Source tab in theFilter dialog box. Select the NE selected in Step 3 from the NE list, and click OK to queryalarms. Normally, the SYNC_C_LOS alarm is reported.

NOTE

l If you shut down the laser in Step 3, the LASER_SHUT and the MS_RDI alarms also occur on the NE.

l If other alarms occur, clear them by referring to the Alarms and Performance Events Reference.

Step 5 Restore the fiber connection of the NE (or turn on the laser).

NOTE

If you shut down the laser in Step 3, turn on the laser again, the icon of the LASER_SHUT and the MS_RDIalarms turn white, which indicates that the alarms are cleared.

Step 6 Repeat Steps 1-5 to complete the test of west clock switching of the NE.

Step 7 Test the clock switching of the other NEs by using the same method.

----End

5.9.2 Testing the IEEE 1588v2 Clock Protection SwitchingThe IEEE 1588v2 clock protection switching is used to protect IEEE 1588v2 clocks on the NE.It is critical for packet services to achieve the IEEE 1588v2 clock synchronization between theNEs on the entire network. To ensure normal switching of IEEE 1588v2 clock, you need to testthe IEEE 1588v2 clock protection switching.

Prerequisitel You must be an NM user with NE administrator authority or higher.l The clock parameters are configured for each NE and the clock protection subnet is created.

For details, see "Configuring the IEEE 1588 V2 Time Synchronization and ClockSynchronization" in the Feature Description.




5-25


shows the connections for testing the IEEE 1588v2 clock protection switching. IEEE 1588v2clocks are synchronized on all the NEs on the network.

Figure 5-9 Connection diagram for testing IEEE 1588v2 clock protection switching

NE1

NE2

NE3

NE4

Procedure

Step 1 In the NE Explorer, select NE1 and then choose Configuration > High-Precision TimeTransmission > Basic Clock Configuration from the Function Tree.

Step 2 Click the NE Parameter Configuration tab. In the tab page, set PTP protocol status toDisabled.

Step 3 In the NE Explorer, select NE2 and then choose Configuration > High-Precision TimeTransmission > Clock Interface Configuration from the Function Tree.

Step 4 Click the Clock Source Priority Table tab. In the tabpage, click Query to query the the ID ofthe clock currently traced, and check whether the switching mode is normal.

Step 5 Use the same method to check whether the IEEE 1588v2 clock protection switching is normalon NE3 and NE4.

Step 6 After the protection switching test, select NE1 in the NE Explorer, and choose Configuration> High-Precision Time Transmission > Basic Clock Configuration from the Function Tree.

Step 7 Click the NE Parameter Configuration tab.

l Set PTP protocol status to Enabled.

l Set NE time to 15/05/2010 12:10:00.

NOTEThe NE time is only an example, and you should set the time according to actual situations.

Step 8 In the NE Explorer, select NE2 and then choose Configuration > High-Precision TimeTransmission > Basic Clock Configuration from the Function Tree.

Step 9 Click the NE Parameter Configuration tab. In the tab page, click Query to check whether theNE time is the same as that of NE1.

Step 10 Use the same method to check whether the NE time of NE3 and NE4 is the same as that of NE1.

----End


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5.10 Testing SDH Network Protection SwitchingThe SDH network protection achieves the protection of SDH services. To prevent the failure ofservice switching on the SDH network, the network protection switching function must benormal.

5.10.1 Testing the Two-Fiber Bidirectional MSP Ring Protection SwitchingIf the network is configured as a two-fiber bidirectional MSP ring, services transmitted by theworking trail can be protected. This topic describes how to test the two-fiber bidirectional MSPprotection switching.

5.10.2 Testing the Four-Fiber Bidirectional MSP Ring Protection SwitchingIf the network is configured as a four-fiber bidirectional MSP ring, services transmitted by theworking trail can be protected. This topic describes how to test the four-fiber bidirectional MSPprotection switching.

5.10.3 Testing the 1+1 or 1:1 Linear MS Protection SwitchingThe linear MSP is configured to the network to protect services that are transmitted by theworking trail. This topic describes how to test the 1+1 or 1:1 linear MS protection switching.

5.10.4 Testing the SNCP Protection SwitchingThe SNCP protection is configured to a network to protect services that are carried by theworking trail. This topic describes how to test the SNCP protection switching.

5.10.1 Testing the Two-Fiber Bidirectional MSP Ring ProtectionSwitching

If the network is configured as a two-fiber bidirectional MSP ring, services transmitted by theworking trail can be protected. This topic describes how to test the two-fiber bidirectional MSPprotection switching.

Prerequisitel You must be a U2000 user with the "NE and NM operator" authority or higher.

l The two-fiber bidirectional MSP ring must be created and configured on the U2000. Fordetails, see "Configuring the Two-Fiber Bidirectional MSP Ring Services" in theConfiguration Guide.


U2000, SDH analyzer

Background

The YD/T 1266-2003 standard specifies that 50 ms is the interval from the time the switchingrequest is detected to the time the protection switching is complete.

The ITU-T G.841 standard specifies the MSP switching cannot exceed 50 ms if the fiber lengthis within 1200 km. The test time by using the meters consists of the time for testing switchingconditions, the time for completing switching, and the time for restoring the service.



5-27

When the switching is complete, the service is restored after the restoration time. The restorationtime consists of the transmission time for the service to pass through the optical fiber, and thetime to pass through the equipment.

Methods for testing the MSP switching include:

l Single-end loopback testl Dual-end analyzer test

Compared with the dual-end analyzer test, the single-end loopback test requires the transmissiontime for the service to pass through the optical fiber and the time to pass through the equipmentafter the MSP switching.

The following configuration steps specify the differences between the single-end loopback testand the dual-end analyzer test.

Test Connection Diagram (Single-End Loopback Test)Figure 5-10 shows the connection for testing the two-fiber bidirectional MSP protectionswitching. A 2 Mbit/s service from NE1 to NE3 is configured and the service trail is NE1-NE2-NE3.

Figure 5-10 Connection for testing the two-fiber bidirectional MSP protection switching (single-end loopback test)

NE2

DDF

Loopback SDH Analyzer

DDF

NE1 NE3

NE4Slot 7Slot 12

Slot 7

Slot 7

Slot 7

Slot 12

Slot 12

Slot 12

D75S

SL64PQ1

D75S

SL64PQ1


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Test Connection Diagram (Dual-End Analyzer Test)

Figure 5-11 shows the connection for testing the two-fiber bidirectional MSP protectionswitching. A 2 Mbit/s service from NE1 to NE3 is configured and the service trail is NE1-NE2-NE3.

Figure 5-11 Connection for testing the two-fiber bidirectional MSP protection switching (dual-end analyzer test)

NE2

NE1 NE3

NE4Slot 7Slot 12

Slot 7

Slot 7

Slot 7

Slot 12

Slot 12

Slot 12

D75S

SL64PQ1

D75S

SL64PQ1

SDH Analyzer

DDF

SDH Analyzer

DDF

Procedure

Step 1 Connect the analyzer according to the connection diagram.

l (Single-end loopback test) Connect the SDH analyzer to the PDH port of NE3. Loop backthe PDH port corresponding to NE1 on the DDF side. At this time, the analyzer displays thatthe service is normal.

l (Dual-end analyzer test) Connect the SDH analyzers to the PDH ports of NE1 and NE3. Atthis time, the analyzer displays that the service is normal.

Step 2 Run the U2000. Choose Service > SDH Protection Subnet > SDH Protection SubnetMaintenance from the Main Menu to check the active/standby resources status before theswitching.

Step 3 Test the ring switching.

l Right-click the NE icon. Select NE Explorer.

l Select the optical interface board in Slot 12. Choose Configuration > SDH Interface fromthe Function Tree. Select By Function. Select Laser Switch from the drop-down menu.



5-29

l Select the port where the laser needs to be shut down. Set Laser Switch to Close. ClickApply. After the dialog box is displayed, click OK.

l Observe the SDH analyzer. The analyzer should display that the service is restored after atransient interruption. The switching time should be less than 50 ms.

l Query the NE alarms. The cross-connect boards of NE1 and NE2 should report theAPS_INDI and MS_APS_INDI_EX alarms, which indicate that an MSP switching occurson the NE1 and NE2.

Step 4 Refer to Step 2 to check the active/standby resources status after the switching. Select the subnet,and check the current switching status of the two-fiber ring. One direction of NE1 and NE2 isdisplayed as Signal Fault Section Switching (near end), which indicates that the currentswitching is a section switching.

Step 5 Refer to Step 3 to turn on the laser of the optical interface board that is shut down in Step 3.

Step 6 Wait WTR time, and then observe the SDH analyzer. The analyzer should display that the serviceis restored after a transient interruption. The switching time should be less than 50 ms.

Step 7 Query and confirm the NE alarms. The APS_INDI and MS_APS_INDI_EX alarms reported byNE1 and NE2 are cleared, which indicates that the MSP switching on NE1 and NE2 is endedand that the service is restored.

----End

5.10.2 Testing the Four-Fiber Bidirectional MSP Ring ProtectionSwitching

If the network is configured as a four-fiber bidirectional MSP ring, services transmitted by theworking trail can be protected. This topic describes how to test the four-fiber bidirectional MSPprotection switching.

Prerequisitel You must be a U2000 user with the "NE and NM operator" authority or higher.l The four-fiber bidirectional MSP must be created and configured on the U2000. For details,

see "Four-Fiber MSP Ring with Non-Protection Chain" in the Configuration Guide.

Tools, Equipment, and MaterialsU2000, SDH analyzer

BackgroundThe YD/T 1266-2003 standard specifies that 50 ms is the interval from the time the switchingrequest is detected to the time the protection switching is complete.

The ITU-T G.841 standard specifies the MSP switching cannot exceed 50 ms if the fiber lengthis within 1200 km. The test time by using the meters consists of the time for testing switchingconditions, the time for completing switching, and the time for restoring the service.

When the switching is complete, the service is restored after the restoration time. The restorationtime consists of the transmission time for the service to pass through the optical fiber, and thetime to pass through the equipment.

Method for testing the MSP switching include:


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l Single-end loopback test

l Dual-end analyzer test

Compared with the dual-end analyzer test, the single-end loopback test requires the transmissiontime for the service to pass through the optical fiber and the time to pass through the equipmentafter the MSP switching.

The following configuration steps specify the differences between the single-end loopback testand the dual-end analyzer test.

Test Connection Diagram (Single-End Loopback Test)

Figure 5-12 shows the connection for testing the four-fiber bidirectional MSP ring protectionswitching. A 2 Mbit/s service from NE1 to NE3 is configured and the service trail is NE1-NE2-NE3.

Figure 5-12 Connection for testing the four-fiber bidirectional MSP ring protection switching(single-end loopback test)

DDF


DDF

D75S

SL64PQ1

D75S

SL64PQ1

NE1

NE2

NE3

NE4

Slot 8

Slot 7Slot 12

Slot 11

Slot 12

Slot 11Slot 8

Slot 7

Slot 7Slot 8

Slot 12 Slot 11

Slot 11Slot 12

Slot 8 Slot 7

Test Connection Diagram (Dual-End Analyzer Test)

Figure 5-13 shows the connection for testing the four-fiber bidirectional MSP ring protectionswitching. A 2 Mbit/s service from NE1 to NE3 is configured and the service trail is NE1-NE2-NE3.



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Figure 5-13 Connection for testing the four-fiber bidirectional MSP ring protection switching(dual-end analyzer test)

SDH Analyzer

DDF

D75S

SL64PQ1

D75S

SL64PQ1

NE1

NE2

NE3

NE4

Slot 8

Slot 7Slot 12

Slot 11

Slot 12

Slot 11Slot 8

Slot 7

Slot 7Slot 8

Slot 12Slot 11

Slot 11Slot 12

Slot 8Slot 7

SDH Analyzer

DDF

Procedure

Step 1 Connect the analyzer according to the connection diagram.l (Single-end loopback test) Connect the SDH analyzer to the PDH port of NE3. Loop back

the PDH port corresponding to NE1 on the DDF side. At this time, the analyzer displays thatthe service is normal.

l (Dual-end analyzer test) Connect the SDH analyzers to the PDH ports of NE1 and NE3. Atthis time, the analyzer displays that the service is normal.

Step 2 Run the U2000. Choose Service > SDH Protection Subnet > SDH Protection SubnetMaintenance from the Main Menu to check the active/standby resources status before theswitching.

Step 3 Test the section protection switching.l Right-click the NE1 icon, and select NE Explorer.l Select the optical interface board in Slot 12. Choose Configuration > SDH Interface from

the Function Tree. Select By Function. Select Laser Switch from the drop-down menu.l Select the port where the laser needs to be shut down. Set Laser Switch to Close. Click

Apply. After a dialog box is displayed, click OK.l Observe the SDH analyzer. The analyzer should display that the service is restored after a

transient interruption. The switching time should be less than 50 ms.


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l Query the NE alarms. The cross-connect boards of NE1 and NE2 should report theAPS_INDI and MS_APS_INDI_EX alarms, which indicate that an MSP switching occurson NE1 and NE2.

Step 4 Refer to Step 2 to check the active/standby resources status after the switching. Select the subnet,and check the current switching status of the four-fiber ring. One direction of NE1 and NE2 isdisplayed as Signal Fault Section Switching (near end), which indicates that the currentswitching is a section switching.




Step 8 Test the MSP ring switching.l Refer to Step 2 to check the active/standby resources status before the switching.l Refer to Step 3 to shut down the lasers of the optical interface boards in slot 11 and 12 on

NE1.l Observe the SDH analyzer. The analyzer should display that the service is restored after a

transient interruption. The switching time should be less than 50 ms.l Query the NE alarms. The cross-connect boards of NE1 and NE2 should report the

APS_INDI and MS_APS_INDI_EX alarms.l Refer to Step 2 to check the active/standby resources status after the switching. Select the

corresponding four-fiber MSP subnet, and check the current switching status. One directionof NE1 and NE2 is displayed as Signal Fault Ring Switching (near end), which indicatesthat the current switching is a ring switching.




Step 12 Repeat Steps 1-9 to perform the test section by section.

----End

5.10.3 Testing the 1+1 or 1:1 Linear MS Protection SwitchingThe linear MSP is configured to the network to protect services that are transmitted by theworking trail. This topic describes how to test the 1+1 or 1:1 linear MS protection switching.

Prerequisitel You must be a U2000 user with the "NE and NM operator" authority or higher.l The linear MSP must be created and configured on the U2000. For details, see "Configuring

1+1 Linear MSP Services" and "Configuring 1:1 Linear MSP Services" in theConfiguration Guide.



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U2000, SDH analyzer


Figure 5-14 shows the connection for testing the 1+1 or 1:1 linear MS protection switching. A2 Mbit/s service from NE1 to NE2 is configured.

Figure 5-14 Connection for testing the 1+1 or 1:1 linear MS protection switching

DDF


DDF

D75S

SL64PQ1

D75S

SL64PQ1

NE1 NE2

Slot 12

Slot 7

Slot 12

Slot 7

Procedure

Step 1 Assume that slot 7 is the working slot and slot 12 is the protection slot, connect the SDH analyzerto a service port of NE2 according to the previous connection diagram. Loop back the serviceport of NE1 at the DDF side. The analyzer displays that the service is normal.

Step 2 Log in to the U2000. Choose Service > SDH Protection Subnet > SDH Protection SubnetMaintenance from the Main Menu to check the active/standby resources status before theswitching.

Step 3 In the Main Topology, right-click the NE1 icon, and select NE Explorer.

Step 4 Select the optical interface board in Slot 7. Choose Configuration > SDH Interface from theFunction Tree. Select By Function, and select Laser Switch from the drop-down menu.

Step 5 Select the port where the laser needs to be shut down. Set Laser Switch to Close. ClickApply. After a dialog box is displayed, click OK.

Step 6 After the Operation Result dialog box is displayed, click Close.


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Step 7 Observe the SDH analyzer. The analyzer should display that the service is restored after atransient interruption. The switching time should be less than 50 ms.

Step 8 Query the NE alarms. The cross-connect board should report the APS_INDI andMS_APS_INDI_EX alarms.

l If the switching scheme is set as Dual-End Switching, both NE1 and NE2 report these twoalarms.

l If the switching scheme is set as Single-End Switching, only NE2 reports these two alarms.

NOTEThe dual-end switching and single-end switching are intended for the 1+1 linear MSP. For the 1:1 linearMSP, no optional switching schemes are available. The protection switching scheme is the dual-endswitching.

Step 9 Repeat Steps 2 to check the active/standby resources after the switching. Make sure that theswitching is successful.

Step 10 Repeat Steps 3 and 4 to turn on the laser again.

Step 11 Wait WTR time, and then observe the SDH analyzer.

l Revertive mode: Revertive.

– The analyzer should display that the service is restored after a transient interruption. Theswitching time should be less than 50 ms.

– Query and confirm NE alarms. The APS_INDI and MS_APS_INDI_EX alarms arecleared.

l Revertive mode: Non-Revertive.

– The meter displays that the service is normal. The APS_INDI and MS_APS_INDI_EXalarms persist.

– Log in to the U2000. Choose Service > SDH Protection Subnet > SDH ProtectionSubnet Maintenance from the Main Menu.

– Select the corresponding linear MS protection subnet. Choose Start/Stop Protocol >Stop the Protocol Networkwide. Then, choose Start/Stop Protocol > Start theProtocol Networkwide.

– Click Query. Observe the state of the working channel. The state should be Normal.

– Query and confirm NE alarms. The APS_INDI and MS_APS_INDI_EX alarms arecleared.

----End

5.10.4 Testing the SNCP Protection SwitchingThe SNCP protection is configured to a network to protect services that are carried by theworking trail. This topic describes how to test the SNCP protection switching.

Prerequisitel You must be a U2000 user with "NE and Network operator" authority or higher.

l The SNCP protection must be created and configured on the U2000. For details, see"Configuring Services on the SNCP Ring with a Non-Protection Chain" in theConfiguration Guide.



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U2000, SDH analyzer


Figure 5-15 shows the connection for testing the SNCP protection switching. A 2 Mbit/s servicefrom NE1 to NE3 is configured, and the service trail is NE1-NE2-NE3.

Figure 5-15 Connection for testing the SNCP protection switching

NE2

DDF


DDF

NE1 NE3

NE4Slot 7Slot 12

Slot 7

Slot 7

Slot 7

Slot 12

Slot 12

Slot 12

D75S

SL64PQ1

D75S

SL64PQ1

Procedure

Step 1 Assume that slot 12 is the working slot and slot 7 is the protection slot, connect the SDH analyzerto a service port of NE3 according to the previous connection diagram. Loop back the serviceport of NE1 at the DDF side. The analyzer displays that the service is normal.

Step 2 Log in to the U2000. Right-click the NEs icon in the Main topology, and select NE Explorer.

Step 3 Choose Configuration > SNCP Service Control from the Function Tree. Check the active/standby resources status before the switching.

Step 4 Select the optical interface board in Slot 12. Choose Configuration > SDH Interface from theFunction Tree. Select By Function, and select Laser Switch from the drop-down menu.

Step 5 Select the port where the laser needs to be shut down. Set Laser Switch to Close. ClickApply. After a dialog box is displayed, click OK.


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Step 6 Observe the SDH analyzer. The analyzer should display that the service is restored after atransient interruption. The switching time should be less than 50 ms.

Step 7 Log in to the U2000. Query the abnormal events on NE3. If an SNCP Switching event isreported, it indicates that an SNCP switching occurs.

NOTEWhen a site fails to receive the service, the SNCP switching occurs. The laser is shut down on NE1 in Step3, but the site where the SNCP switching occurs is NE3 that cannot receive the service from the workingchannel.

Step 8 Refer to Step 2 to check the active/standby resources status after the switching. Make sure thatthe switching is successful.

Step 9 Repeat Steps 3 and 4 to turn on the laser again. Wait 10 minutes.l Observe the SDH analyzer. If the revertive mode of the SNCP is configured as Revertive,

the analyzer should display that the service is restored after a transient interruption. Theswitching time should be less than 50 ms.

l If the revertive mode of the SNCP is configured as Non-Revertive.

– Log in to the U2000. Right-click the NE3 icon in the Main topology, and select NEExplorer.

– Choose Configuration > SNCP Service Control from the Function Tree. ChooseFunction > Forced Switching to Working. After the confirmation dialog box isdisplayed, click OK. After a prompt dialog box is displayed. Click Close.

– Choose Function > Clear. After the confirmation dialog box is displayed, click OK.After a prompt dialog box is displayed. Click Close.

– Choose Function > Query Switching Status. After a prompt dialog is displayed, clickClose. Query the Current Status of the service, which should be Normal.

----End


The protection switching schemes configured for a PSN network protect the services on thenetwork. To ensure that the protection switching is normal in the case of a network fault, youneed to test the protection switching schemes on the PSN network.

5.11.1 Test the MPLS Tunnel APS Protection SwitchingOn the U2000, you can perform the MPLS Tunnel APS protection switching. The protectionswitching operations include the forced switching, exercise switching, manual to working, andmanual to protection.

5.11.2 Testing the MPLS PW APSThe equipment supports MPLS PW APS. The switching commands include forced switching,exercise switching, manual switching to working, and manual switching to protection.

5.11.1 Test the MPLS Tunnel APS Protection SwitchingOn the U2000, you can perform the MPLS Tunnel APS protection switching. The protectionswitching operations include the forced switching, exercise switching, manual to working, andmanual to protection.



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Prerequisitel You must be an NM user with NE administrator authority or higher.l The MPLS Tunnel APS must be configured.


Background InformationNOTEAfter the MPLS tunnel APS protection scheme is configured, the ping test function and traceroute testfunction in MPLS OAM cannot be used for the protection channel. Therefore, you need to ensure that theworking tunnel and protection tunnel are normal.

Protection switching includes forced switching, manual switching, and exercise switching.l In the case of forced switching, the state of the protection channel is not considered, unless

the protection channel is responding to the bridge request of a higher priority. When theautomatic switching fails due to some reason, the forced switching can be performed torestore the services.

l Commands for manual switching are valid only when there is no signal failure or signaldegradation on the protection tunnel. In the case of manual switching, services can bemanually switched to a working or protection tunnel.

l The exercise switching is used to test the APS protocol. In fact, the services are not switched,and only the computation result of the protocol is displayed.

You can verify the MPLS Tunnel APS function according to the following aspects:

l If a fault is generated on the network, the MPLS Tunnel APS can still be performednormally.

l If the protection group is set to the revertive mode, the service can be switched from theprotection tunnel to the working tunnel after the WTR time expires.

l All the commands that trigger manual switching can be issued correctly.

Test Connection Diagramsee Figure 5-16, a 2 Mbit/s service is present between Node B and RNC. After the 2 Mbit/sservice is encapsulated, it is transmitted through the working tunnel NE1-NE4-NE3 as shownin Figure 1. Because the 2 Mbit/s service has a high requirement for safety, a protection tunnelNE1-NE2-NE3 is created to protect the working tunnel. Then, the 1:1 protection is establishedbetween the two tunnels.


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Figure 5-16 MPLS test connection diagram

NE1

NE2

NE3

NE4

Protection Tunnel

Working Tunnel

NodeB

PSN

RNC

Procedure

Step 1 If a fault is generated on the network, the MPLS tunnel APS can still be performed normally.1. Disconnect the working fiber. For example the fibre between NE1 and NE4.2. In the Main Topology, right-click the NE that you want to verify and choose NE

Explorer from the shortcut menu.3. Choose Configuration > APS Protection Management in the Function Tree. In the pane

on the right side, select the protection group that you want to verify. Then, clickFunction > Query Switching Status to check whether the service is switched from theworking tunnel to the protection tunnel.

Step 2 If the protection group is set to the revertive mode and if the working tunnel recovers, the servicecan be switched from the protection tunnel to the working tunnel after the WTR time expires.1. Reconnect the fiber that is disconnected in Step Step 1. After the WTR time expires, click

Function > Query Switching Status to check whether Active Tunnel is the specifiedWorking Tunnel.

Step 3 All the commands that trigger manual switching can be issued correctly.1. Select the protection group that you want to verify and click Clear under Function. Then,

click Query Switching Status under Function to check whether the command is issuedsuccessfully.

2. Repeat the preceding steps to check whether all commands that trigger manual switching,such as Force Switching, Manual Switching to Working, Manual Switching toProtection, Exercise Switching, and Lockout of Protection are issued successfully.

----End

5.11.2 Testing the MPLS PW APSThe equipment supports MPLS PW APS. The switching commands include forced switching,exercise switching, manual switching to working, and manual switching to protection.




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l The MPLS PW APS protection scheme is configured.


Background InformationNOTEAfter the MPLS PW APS protection scheme is configured, the ping test function in PW OAM cannot beused for the protection channel. Therefore, you need to ensure that the working PW and protection PW arenormal.

Switching commands include forced switching, manual switching, and exercise switching.l In the case of forced switching, the state of the protection channel is not considered, unless

the protection channel is responding to the bridge request with a higher priority. When theautomatic switching fails due to some reason, the forced switching can be performed torestore the services.

l Commands for manual switching take effect only when there is no signal failure or signaldegradation on the destination PW of the protection switching. In the case of manualswitching, services can be manually switched to a working or protection channel.

l Exercise switching is used to test the APS protocol. In fact, the services are not switched,and only the computation result of the protocol is displayed.

You can verify the MPLS PW APS function in the following aspects:l When a fault is generated on the network, MPLS PW APS can be performed normally.l All the commands that trigger manual switching can be issued correctly.l When the protection group is set to the revertive mode, the service can be switched from

the protection channel to the working channel after the WTR time expires.

Test Connection DiagramA 2 Mbit/s service is present between the Node B and the RNC. After being encapsulated, the2 Mbit/s service is transmitted through the working PW of NE1-NE4-NE3, as shown in Figure5-17. A protection PW of NE1-NE2-NE3 is created to protect the working PW because the 2Mbit/s service has a high requirement for safety. The two PWs form MPLS APS 1:1 protection.

Figure 5-17 MPLS test connection diagram

NE1

NE2

NE3

NE4

Protection PW

Working PW

NodeB

PSN

RNC

Tunnel


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Procedure

Step 1 When a fault is generated on the network, MPLS PW APS can be performed normally.1. Remove the optical fibers on the working channel, such as the optical fibers from NE1 to

NE4.2. Right-click the required NE in the Main Topology, and choose NE Explorer from the

shortcut menu.3. Choose Configuration > APS Protection Management from the Function Tree.4. Click the PW APS Management tab. In the tab page, select the required protection group

and choose Function > Query Switching Status to check whether the switching is normal.

Step 2 When the protection group is set to the revertive mode and the working PW recovers, the servicecan be switched from the protection PW to the working PW after the WTR time expires.1. Reconnect the optical fibers that are disconnected in Step 1. After the WTR time expires,

choose Function > Query Switching Status to check whether the value of Working PWID is the same as that specified.

Step 3 All the commands that trigger manual switching can be issued correctly.1. Select the protection group to be verified, and click Clear below Function. Then, click

Query Switching Status below Function to check whether the command is issuedsuccessfully.

2. Repeat the preceding steps to check whether all commands that trigger manual switchingare issued successfully, such as Forced Switching, Manual Switching to Working,Manual Switching to Protection, Exercise Switching, and Lockout of Protection.

----End

5.12 Testing EoS Service ChannelsWhen the network transmits the Ethernet over SDH (EoS) service, the availability of the EoSservice channels must be tested.

5.12.1 Testing EoS Service Channels by Using Ping CommandsYou can perform the test by connecting the laptops to both ends of the Ethernet service. In thisway, you can test the availability of the Ethernet service channel.

5.12.2 Testing EoS Channels by Using ETH-OAMIf the EoS service supports the ETH OAM function, the ETH-OAM function can be used to testthe availability of the EoS service channels.

5.12.1 Testing EoS Service Channels by Using Ping CommandsYou can perform the test by connecting the laptops to both ends of the Ethernet service. In thisway, you can test the availability of the Ethernet service channel.

Prerequisitel You must be an NM user with NE administrator authority or higher.l The Ethernet services must be configured and the port attribute is set to "Access".



5-41


Two personal computers (PCs) on which the Windows operating system is installed, twostraight-through cables


Figure 5-18 shows the connection for testing the Ethernet service channels.

Figure 5-18 Connection for testing the Ethernet service channels

NE1

NE2

NE3

NE4

NE5

PC 1

PC 2

Procedure

Step 1 Connect the network port of the PC to the Ethernet service port of the equipment according tothe previous connection diagram.

Step 2 Set the IP addresses for PC 1 and PC 2. The two IP addresses must be set in the same networksection.l Set the IP address for PC 1.

– IP address: 192.168.0.100

– Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0l Set the IP address for PC 2.

– IP address: 192.168.0.101

– Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0

Step 3 Choose Start > Run on PC 1 to display a dialog box. Enter the ping command: ping192.168.0.101 -n 20000 -l 64 -t.

NOTE

Parameters for the Ping command:

l -n Num: transit Num packets to the PC at the opposite end

l -l Num: transmit buffer capacity is Num bytes

l -t: continuously transmit ping packets

Step 4 Click OK to run the ping command.


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l A window is displayed to provide the feedback "Reply from 192.168.0.101: bytes=64time=1ms TTL=255". This information indicates the Ethernet channel is normal.

l If the displayed window provide the feedback Request timed out, it indicates that theEthernet channel is abnormal. Check the network cable connection and the configuration ofthe Ethernet service. Rectify the fault, and then continue the test.

NOTE

The values of time and TTL are associated with the actual test environment. The value discrepancy isnormal.

----End

5.12.2 Testing EoS Channels by Using ETH-OAMIf the EoS service supports the ETH OAM function, the ETH-OAM function can be used to testthe availability of the EoS service channels.

Prerequisitel You must be an NM user with NE administrator authority or higher.l EoS services are configured between sites.


Background InformationIn the case of the OptiX OSN 3500, you can refer to the "Availability" about the ETH-OAMfunction in the Feature Description for details about the boards that support the ETH-OAMfunction.

NOTE

Before testing the availability of the Ethernet service channels by using the OAM function, you mustconfigure the OAM maintenance points on the two sites.

Procedure

Step 1 In the Main Topology, right-click the NE icon and choose NE Explorer from the shortcut menu.

Step 2 Select the Ethernet board in the Object Tree and choose Configuration > EthernetMaintenance > Ethernet Service OAM from the Function Tree.

Step 3 In the right pane, click OAM Configuration. The OAM Configuration dialog box is displayed.

Step 4 Click New. Then, select New Maintenance Domain from the drop-down menu.

Step 5 In the New Maintenance Domain dialog box, set Maintenance Domain Name and selectMaintenance Domain Level.

Step 6 Click New. Then, select New Maintenance Association from the drop-down menu.

Step 7 In the New Maintenance Association dialog box, set Maintenance Domain Name andMaintenance Association Name.

Step 8 Click New. In the New MEP Point dialogue box that is displayed, set the parameters.



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Step 9 In Ethernet Service OAM, right-click the created Ethernet service maintenance point, andchoose Performance Detect from the shortcut menu.

Step 10 The Performance Detect dialog box is displayed. In Send Mode, select the specific mode. InMaintenance Point, set Source MP ID and Destination MP ID.

Step 11 Click Start Detect. The statistics of the performance is displayed in the Details. View the resultsof the statistics. Then, determine the performance of the service between the local equipmentand the opposite equipment through Loss Ratio and Delay.

Step 12 Change the length of the frame in Send Mode. Then, test and record the loss ratio and delay ofthe packets with the length of 128, 256, 512, 1024, 1280, and 1518 bytes.

----End

5.13 Testing Packet Service ChannelsWhen a network transmits packet services, the availability of packet service channels must betested.

5.13.1 Testing Tunnels by Using the MPLS OAM FunctionIf the equipment supports the MPLS OAM function, the MPLS OAM function can be used totest the availability of the tunnels.

5.13.2 Testing PWs by Using the PW OAM FunctionIf the equipment supports the PW OAM function, the PW OAM function can be used to test theavailability of PWs.

5.13.1 Testing Tunnels by Using the MPLS OAM FunctionIf the equipment supports the MPLS OAM function, the MPLS OAM function can be used totest the availability of the tunnels.

Prerequisitel You must be an NM user with NE administrator authority or higher.l The channels to be tested must be configured with static tunnel services.l The configured static tunnel services must include services whose node type is ingress.



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In the case of the OptiX OSN 3500, you can refer to the "Availability" about the MPLS OAMfunction in the Feature Description for details about the boards that support the MPLS OAMfunction.

Procedure

Step 1 Right-click the NE icon in the Main Topology, and choose NE Explorer from the shortcut menu.

Step 2 Choose Configuration > MPLS Management > Unicast Tunnel Management from theFunction Tree.

Step 3 In the right pane of the window, click the OAM Parameters tab.

Step 4 Select the Ethernet service channel to be tested.

CAUTIONThe OAM function can be used for the test only when the node type of the service over theselected channel is ingress.

Step 5 Test the tunnel by using the ping function.

1. In the lower right corner of the window, click OAM Operation and select Ping Test fromthe drop-down list.

2. In the Ping Test dialog box that is displayed, set the parameters. Then, click Start Test.



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3. In the Test Result list, view the number of the transmitted and received packets, packetloss ratio, and information about the packet transfer latency. In this manner, you candetermine the status of the tested tunnel.

NOTE

l Total of TX: 10. Indicates 10 packets are transmitted.

l Total of RX: 10. Indicates 10 packets are received.

l Lost Rate (%): 0. Indicates that the packet loss ratio is 0.

l Min Delay (us): 16648. Indicates that the minimum delay is 16648.

l Max Delay (us): 139263. Indicates that the maximum delay is 139263.

l Avg Delay (us): 32241. Indicates that the average delay is 32241.

If the number of transmitted packets is different from the number of received packets, itindicates that packet loss occurs. In this case, you can locate the fault by performing atraceroute test.

Step 6 Optional: If a tunnel is faulty in the ping test, you can locate the fault by performing a traceroutetest.1. In the lower right corner of the window, click OAM Operation and select Traceroute

Test from the drop-down list.2. In the Traceroute Test dialog box that is displayed, set the parameters. Then, click Start

Test.

3. Check the information about the tunnel under test in the Test Result list. In this manner,you can determine the status of the tunnel.


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NOTE

l Replier: 130.9.70.37. Indicates the LSR ID of the termination node.

l Delay (us): 29743. Indicates the delay information.

l Type: 3 (1-ingress 2-transit 3-egress). Indicates the node type.

l Downstream LSR ID: None. Indicates the next-hop LSR ID. If it is an Egress node, the LSR IDis none.

l Downstream Label: Indicates the egress label of the next-hop tunnel. If it is an Egress node, thelabel is none.

l TTL: 2. Indicates that the number of nodes that packets traverse.

If an intermediate node is faulty, the Test Result list displays LSP Traceroute Overtime.

----End

5.13.2 Testing PWs by Using the PW OAM FunctionIf the equipment supports the PW OAM function, the PW OAM function can be used to test theavailability of PWs.

Prerequisitel You must be an NM user with NE administrator authority or higher.l PWs are already configured on the inter-NE channels to be tested.


U2000


For the boards that support the MPLS OAM on the OptiX OSN 3500, see the "Availability"section of MPLS OAM in the Feature Description.

Procedure

Step 1 In the Main Topology, right-click the NE icon and choose NE Explorer from the shortcut menu.

Step 2 Choose Configuration > MPLS Management > PW Management from the Function Tree.

Step 3 In the right pane of the window, click the PW OAM Parameter tab.



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Step 4 Select the PW to be tested.

Step 5 Test the PW by using the ping commands.

1. In the lower right corner of the window, click OAM Operation and select Ping Test fromthe drop-down list.

2. In the Ping Test dialog box that is displayed, set the parameters. Then, click Start Test.

3. In the Test Result list, view the numbers of transmitted packets and received packets,packet loss ratio, and packet transfer latency. In this manner, you can determine the statusof the tested PW.

NOTEIf the number of transmitted packets is different from the number of received packets, it indicatesthat packet loss occurs.

----End

5.14 Testing Packet Ethernet ServicesAfter configuring Ethernet services on a PSN network, you need to test Ethernet services tocheck whether the configuration is correct.

5.14.1 Testing Packet Ethernet Service Channels by Using the Ping CommandsTo test the availability of Packet Ethernet service channels, you can connect two laptops to bothends of Ethernet services and run the ping commands on the laptops.

5.14.2 Testing Packet Ethernet Service Channels by Using ETH-OAMUse the Ethernet OAM function to test the connectivity of the Ethernet service to ensure thatthe Ethernet service works normally. This section describes how to test the connectivity of theEthernet service by performing connectivity check (CC).

5.14.1 Testing Packet Ethernet Service Channels by Using the PingCommands

To test the availability of Packet Ethernet service channels, you can connect two laptops to bothends of Ethernet services and run the ping commands on the laptops.


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l The Ethernet services must be configured and the port attribute is set to "Access".


Two personal computers (PCs) on which the Windows operating system is installed, twostraight-through cables


Figure 5-19 shows the connection for testing the Ethernet service channels.

Figure 5-19 Connection for testing the Ethernet service channels

NE1

NE2

NE3

NE4

NE5

PC 1

PC 2

Procedure


Step 2 Set the IP addresses for PC 1 and PC 2. The two IP addresses must be set in the same networksection.

l Set the IP address for PC 1.

– IP address: 192.168.0.100

– Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0


– IP address: 192.168.0.101

– Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0




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NOTE





Step 4 Click OK to run the ping command.l A window is displayed to provide the feedback "Reply from 192.168.0.101: bytes=64

time=1ms TTL=255". This information indicates the Ethernet channel is normal.l If the displayed window provide the feedback Request timed out, it indicates that the

Ethernet channel is abnormal. Check the network cable connection and the configuration ofthe Ethernet service. Rectify the fault, and then continue the test.

NOTE


----End

5.14.2 Testing Packet Ethernet Service Channels by Using ETH-OAM

Use the Ethernet OAM function to test the connectivity of the Ethernet service to ensure thatthe Ethernet service works normally. This section describes how to test the connectivity of theEthernet service by performing connectivity check (CC).

Prerequisitel You must be an NM user with NE administrator authority or higher.l The packet Ethernet service must be configured between sites.l The Ethernet service must be configured with the Ethernet OAM.


Background InformationIn the case of the OptiX OSN equipment, you can refer to the "Availability" about the ETH-OAM function in the Feature Description for details about the boards that support the ETH-OAM function.

As shown in Figure 5-20, ETH-OAM has two protocol applications (IEEE 802.1ag and IEEE802.3ah) according to the application scenarios.


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Figure 5-20 Application of IEEE 802.1ag and IEEE 802.3ah

Core Layer

PE1

CE4

PE2 CE3

P

P P

P

CE1

Router3

Access LayerAccess Layer

Custom LayerCustom Layer

Router1

Router2

IEEE 802.1ag IEEE 802.3ahIEEE 802.3ah

CE2

OptiX NE

l IEEE 802.1ag

It is used to test end-to-end Ethernet services, and is mainly used at the core layer of anetwork. For its detailed applications, see IEEE 802.1ag OAM.

l IEEE 802.3ahIt is used to test the connectivity and performance of a physical link, and is mainly used atthe access layer of a network. For its detailed applications, see IEEE 802.1ag OAM.

Test Connection DiagramFigure 5-21 shows the connection diagram for testing the connectivity of the Ethernet service.



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Figure 5-21 Connection diagram for Ethernet service connectivity test

MEP 1MEP 2

RMEP: MEP2 RMEP: MEP1

MEP: Maitenance end point

RMEP: Remote maintanence end point

MD MA

MD: Maitenance Domain

MA: Maitenance Associcuation

PSN

Procedure

Step 1 On the Main Topology, select and right-click NE1, that is, the source end of the CC. In theshortcut menu, choose NE Explorer

Step 2 choose Configuration > Ethernet OAM Management > Ethernet Service OAMManagement from the Function Tree.

Step 3 Select the NE1 in the NE Explorer, and select the MD, MA, and MEP that are related to theEthernet service to be tested.

Step 4 Click OAM > Activate CC. The Operation Result dialog box is displayed, indicating that theoperation is successful. Click Close in the Operation Result dialog box.

Step 5 Disable the PW or NNI interface carrying the tested Ethernet service.l The tested Ethernet service is carried by the PW:

– Select the NE in the NE Explorer and choose Configuration > MPLS Management >PW Management from the Function Tree.

– Right-click the PW carrying the tested Ethernet service. In the shortcut menu, chooseDisable. to display .


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– The Warning dialog box is displayed. Click OK in the Warning dialog box. TheOperation Result dialog box is displayed, indicating that the operation is successful.Click Close in the Operation Result dialog box.

l The tested Ethernet service is carried by QinQ link or ports:– Select the NE in the NE Explorer and choose Configuration > Interface

Management > Ethernet Interface from the Function Tree.– In the General Attributes tab, set the Enable Port of the NNI interface carrying the

tested Ethernet service to Disabled.

Step 6 The EX_ETHOAM_CC_LOS or ETH_CFM_LOC alarm occurs when the CC is used to test thesink NE (NE2).

NOTE

l The non-standard MP reports the EX_ETHOAM_CC_LOS alarm.

l The standard MP reports the ETH_CFM_LOS alarm.

Step 7 Enable the PW or NNI interface carrying the tested Ethernet service with reference to step 5.Check whether the EX_ETHOAM_CC_LOS or ETH_CFM_LOC alarm is cleared at NE2, thatis, the sink end of the CC.l If yes, it indicates that the unidirectional connection of the service is normal.l If not, it indicates that the unidirectional connection of the service is faulty. For details on

how to handle the alarm, refer to Alarms and Performance Events Reference.

Step 8 Test the connectivity of the Ethernet service in the other direction with reference to step 1 to 7.

----End

5.15 Testing Cross-domain ServicesCross-domain services refer to the services that are transmitted from the TDM domain to thepacket domain by using the EoD board. After configuring cross-domain services, you need totest whether the configuration is correct.

Based on the functions of the EoD board in cross-domain services, cross-domain services canbe applied in the following scenarios:

l Application 1The EoD board receives and processes the EoS services from the TDM domain and thentransmits the services to the packet domain. For details, see Configuration Example(Application Scenario 1).



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l Application 2The SDH line board receives the EoS services from the TDM domain. Then, the EoD boardprocesses the EoS services and transmits them to the packet domain. For details, seeConfiguration Example (Application Scenario 2).

l Application 3The EoD board receives and processes the SDH services from the TDM domain (includingpure SDH services and EoS services) and then transmits the pure SDH services to the TDMdomain and the EoS services to the packet domain. For details, see Configuration Example(Application Scenario 3).

l Application 4When functioning as a common line board, the EoD board receives and processes the SDHservices (including pure SDH services and EoS services) from the TDM domain, but doesnot transmit the services to the packet domain.

You can test cross-domain services by using the following two methods.

Test Method Application Scope

Using the pingcommands to test cross-domain service channels

This method is simple because it does not require any instrumentor meter. Use this method to check the status of cross-domainservice channels.

Using loopbacks to testcross-domain servicechannels

This method requires the Network Analyzer. Use this method tomeasure the packet loss ratio on cross-domain service channels.

5.15.1 Using the Ping Commands to Test Cross-domain Service ChannelsFor the cross-domain services, you can connect the test computers at both of the services anduse the ping commands to test the cross-domain service channels.

5.15.2 Using Loopbacks to Test Cross-domain Service ChannelsTo test cross-domain service channels, you can perform a loopback on the access side of cross-domain services and test whether packet loss occurs on the convergence side by using a NetworkAnalyzer.

5.15.1 Using the Ping Commands to Test Cross-domain ServiceChannels

For the cross-domain services, you can connect the test computers at both of the services anduse the ping commands to test the cross-domain service channels.

Prerequisitel You must be an NM user with NE administrator authority or higher.l The services are configured according to actual situations. For details, see "Configuring

Cross-Domain Services in the Configuration Guide (Packet Transport Domain).

Tools, Equipment, and MaterialsTwo computers with Windows operating system installed


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Test Connection DiagramNOTEThe methods for testing various cross-domain services are the same. This section describes only a general-purpose test model.

Figure 5-22 shows how to test the cross-domain service channels.

Figure 5-22 Connection diagram for testing cross-domain service channels

NE1NE2NE3

TDMdomain

Packetdomain

PC 1

EDQ41PC 2

OptiX OSN 7500OptiX OSN 3500OptiX OSN 1500NE3

NE2NE1

Procedure


Step 2 Set the IP addresses for PC 1 and PC 2. The two IP addresses must be set in the same networksection.


– IP address: 192.168.0.100

– Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0


– IP address: 192.168.0.101

– Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0


NOTE





Step 4 Click OK to run the ping command.



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l A window is displayed to provide the feedback "Reply from 192.168.0.101: bytes=64time=1ms TTL=255". This information indicates the Ethernet channel is normal.

l If the displayed window provide the feedback Request timed out, it indicates that theEthernet channel is abnormal. Check the network cable connection and the configuration ofthe Ethernet service. Rectify the fault, and then continue the test.

NOTE


----End

5.15.2 Using Loopbacks to Test Cross-domain Service ChannelsTo test cross-domain service channels, you can perform a loopback on the access side of cross-domain services and test whether packet loss occurs on the convergence side by using a NetworkAnalyzer.

Prerequisitel You must be an NM user with NE administrator authority or higher.l Cross-domain services are configured according to actual situations. For details, see

"Configuring Cross-domain Services" in the Configuration Guide (Packet TransportDomain).

Tools, Equipment, and MaterialsNetwork Analyzer, U2000

Test Connection DiagramFigure 5-23 shows how to test cross-domain service channels.

Figure 5-23 Connection diagram for testing cross-domain service channels

NE1NE2NE3

TDMdomain

Packetdomain

EDQ41

OptiX OSN 7500OptiX OSN 3500OptiX OSN 1500NE3

NE2NE1

MAC inloop

SmartBits

2-EFS4-13-PEG8-1

NOTEAn inloop at the MAC layer is performed at the 2-EFS4-1 port on NE3. A SmartBits is connected to the3-PEG8-1 port on NE1. In actual situations, you can select different ports at the access node and theconvergence node and perform a test similarly.


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Context

CAUTIONl Ensure that only the commissioning engineers are present during the test.

l Do not touch optical fibers, wires, or cables without permission.

Procedure

Step 1 Connect a SmartBits to the 3-PEG8-1 port on NE1 according to the connection diagram.

Step 2 Log in to the U2000. Start the 15-minute and 24-hour performance monitoring for NE1 andNE3. For details, see 5.8 Enabling, Disabling and Setting Performance Monitoring of theNE.

NOTEThe performance monitoring is set to analyze and locate faults that occur during the test.

Step 3 Log in to the U2000. Perform an inloop at the MAC layer on the 2-EFS4-1 port of NE3. Fordetails, see Setting a Loopback on an Ethernet Port.

Step 4 Use the SmartBits to transmit and receive packets.

NOTE

l When the SmartBits transmits and receives packets for the first time, packet loss occurs due to MACaddress learning. Therefore, it is normal that the number of transmitted packets is different from thenumber of received packets.

l In the tests after the first time, if the number of transmitted packets is the same as the number of receivedpackets, the cross-domain service channels are normal.

l If packet loss occurs during the tests, troubleshoot the fault and then perform 24-hour tests until thechannels pass the tests.

----End

5.16 Testing CES ServicesAfter configuring CES services, you need to test connectivity of end-to-end CES services toensure that they work properly.


l CES services must be configured as required. For details, see "Configuring CESServices" in the Configuration Guide (Packet Transport Domain).


BER tester or SDH analyzer, the U2000



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Test Connection DiagramFigure 5-24 shows the connection diagram for testing connectivity of CES service. You canreplace the SDH analyzer with a BER tester.

Figure 5-24 Connection diagram for testing connectivity of CES services

SDHanalyzer

TxRx

Inloop

NE1 NE2

Packetdomain

DDF

WARNINGl Only commissioning engineers are present during the test.l Do not touch the cable, unless necessary.

Procedure

Step 1 As shown in Figure 5-24, connect the CES service interface on NE1 to the BER tester.

Step 2 Perform an inloop for the UNI that receives CES services on NE2 on the U2000.1. In the Main Topology of the U2000, right-click the required NE and then choose NE

Explorer from the shortcut menu. The NE Explorer window is displayed.2. Select the board that provides CES services.3. In the Function Tree, select the type of the interface that receives the CES services.

If an E1 interface receives the CES services, choose Configuration > InterfaceManagement > PDH Interface from the Function Tree.

If an SDH interface receives the CES services, choose Configuration > InterfaceManagement > SDH Interface from the Function Tree.

4. Click the Advanced Attributes tab and then select the interface to perform a loopback.5. Right-click the Loopback Mode field, and then choose Inloop from the shortcut menu.6. Click Apply.


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Step 3 Perform a 24-hour bit error test.

NOTE

Set the coding to HDB3 and pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS) to 2 15-1 for the signals transmittedby the BER tester.

Set the BER tester according to the encapsulation method that the CES services adopt and the frame formatthat the E1 interface adopts.

l If the CES services adopt the SATop method, you need to enable the BER tester to transmit unframedsignals, double-frame signals, or CRC-4 multiframe signals.

l If the CES services adopt the CESoPSN method and the interface adopts the double-frame format, youneed to enable the BER tester to transmit double-frame signals.

l If the CES services adopt the CESoPSN method and the interface adopts the CRC-4 multiframe format,you need to enable the BER tester to transmit CRC-4 multiframe signals.

Step 4 Test the performance of the CES services. That is, check whether bit errors occur in the CESservices in the 24-hour period.

Step 5 Check for the alarms associated with the CES services. If there is any, see the Alarms andPerformance Events Reference and Troubleshooting to clear the alarms.

Step 6 Repeat Step 3 to Step 4 to perform the 24-hour bit error test again.

Step 7 Release the inloop that is set on the interface on NE2. For details, see Step 2.

Step 8 Reconnect the cable to the CES service interface on NE1.

Step 9 Repeat Step 1 to Step 8 to test the CES services on all the other 2 Mbit/s interfaces on NE1 andNE2.

Step 10 Repeat Step 1 to Step 9 to test connectivity of the CES services on the other NEs.

----End

5.17 Testing Packet Loss on Cross-domian Service ChannelsTo test Ethernet service channels, you can perform a loopback on one side of Ethernet servicesand test whether packet loss occurs on the other side by using a Network Analyzer.


l Ethernet services are configured according to actual situations. For details, see"Configuring Ethernet Services" in the Configuration Guide (Packet Transport Domain).


Network Analyzer, U2000


Figure 5-25 shows how to test Ethernet service channels.



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Figure 5-25 Connection diagram for testing packet loss on Ethernet service channels

NE1

NE2MAC inloop

SmartBitsDual-domain/TDM domain/

Packet domainnetwork

NOTEThe connection diagram services as a network model. The test can be performed in different manners onthe TDM network, PSN network, and dual-domian (TDM domian and packet domian) network. In thisexample, an inloop at the MAC layer is performed on an Ethernet port of NE1 and a SmartBits is connectedto an Ethernet port on NE2.

Context

CAUTIONl Ensure that only the commissioning engineers are present during the test.l Do not touch optical fibers, wires, or cables without permission.

ProcedureStep 1 Connect a SmartBits to an Ethernet port on NE2 according to the connection diagram.

Step 2 Log in to the U2000. Start the 15-minute and 24-hour performance monitoring for NE1 andNE2. For details, see 5.8 Enabling, Disabling and Setting Performance Monitoring of theNE.


Step 3 Log in to the U2000. Perform an inloop at the MAC layer on an Ethernet port of NE1. For details,see Setting a Loopback on an Ethernet Port.

Step 4 Use the SmartBits to transmit and receive packets.NOTE

l When the SmartBits transmits and receives packets for the first time, packet loss occurs due to MACaddress learning. Therefore, it is normal that the number of transmitted packets is different from thenumber of received packets.

l In the tests after the first time, if the number of transmitted packets is the same as the number of receivedpackets, the cross-domian service channels are normal.

l If packet loss occurs during the tests, troubleshoot the fault and then perform 24-hour tests until thechannels pass the tests.

----End


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5.18 Testing the Point-to-Point BERThe networkwide BER is tested at the end of the network commissioning. The test is performedto discover potential problems of service channels and to ensure service stability. This topicdescribes how to test the networkwide BER.

Prerequisitel You must be a U2000 user with the "NE and network operator" authority or higher.

l Configure SDH services as required. For details, see "Configuring SDH Services" in theConfiguration Guide.


SDH analyzer, self-loop cables, fiber jumpers


Figure 5-26 shows the connection for testing the networkwide BER. It is assumed that 63 x 2Mbit/s services are configured between NE1 and NE3. Connect all the 2 Mbit/s ports in a serialmanner and connect them to the SDH analyzer, as shown in Figure 5-27. Perform an inloop atthe DDF to the service port for the 63 x 2 Mbit/s services at NE1.

Figure 5-26 Connection for testing the networkwide BER

NE2

DDF


DDF

NE1 NE3

NE4Slot 7Slot 12

Slot 7

Slot 7

Slot 7

Slot 12

Slot 12

Slot 12

D75S

SL64PQ1

D75S

SL64PQ1



5-61

Figure 5-27 Connecting 2 Mbit/s ports in a serial manner

RX TX

TXRX

SDH AnalyzerDDF

NOTEThis topic describes the BER test of 2 Mbit/s services. Test the BER of services at other rates by using thesame method.

Precaution

CAUTIONl During the test, only authorized personnel can enter the test environment.l Do not touch optical fibers, wires, or cables at will.

Procedure

Step 1 Connect the SDH analyzer to the service port of NE3 according to the previous connectiondiagram. At the DDF side, loop back all the service ports of NE1 that transmit 2 Mbit/s services.

Step 2 Log in to the U2000. Use the U2000 to start the 15-minute and 24-hour performance monitoringfor NE1 and NE3. For details about how to start the performance monitoring function, see theiManager U2000 Online Help.


Step 3 Set the pseudo-random binary sequence for the meter according to the service rate. Table 5-4provides the mapping relations of the service rate, coding scheme and pseudo-random binarysequence serial code.

Table 5-4 Mapping relations of the service rate, coding scheme and pseudo-random serial code

Service Rate (kbit/s) Code Pseudo-Random SerialCode

2048 HDB3 215-1


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Service Rate (kbit/s) Code Pseudo-Random SerialCode

34368 HDB3 223-1

44736 B3ZS 215-1

139264 CMI 223-1

155520 CMI 223-1

Step 4 Set the meter to the "Print" state and perform the 24-hour BER test. Print the test result 24 hourslater. The test result should show that no bit error occurs. Few pointer justifications are allowed.The number of justifications must be less than 6.

NOTEFor an MSP ring, perform 24-hour BER test for the working channel and 12-hour BER test for the protectionchannel. The test result should show that no bit error occurs. The number of pointer justification must beless than 6.

TIPIf the first 24-hour BER test shows that bit error occurs, perform another 24-hour BER test and rectify thefault. Continually perform the test until no bit error occurs.

----End

5.19 Testing OrderwireOrderwire includes the orderwire phone and the conference phone. The orderwire is tested toconfirm that the network-wide orderwire and conference phones work normally.

5.19.1 Testing the Orderwire CallThis section describes how to check the orderwire phone communication between a certainstation and any other station to ensure that the orderwire phones between the two stations worknormally.

5.19.2 Testing the Conference CallThis section describes how to check the conference call communication to ensure that theconference calls at all stations work normally.

5.19.1 Testing the Orderwire CallThis section describes how to check the orderwire phone communication between a certainstation and any other station to ensure that the orderwire phones between the two stations worknormally.

PrerequisiteThe fiber connection of each station is fine.

The orderwire phone must have been installed at each station and configured by using theU2000.

Test personnel must be accessible on site when the orderwire phone is tested.

The current line must not be occupied by a conference call.



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Tools, Equipment and Materials

U2000

Procedure

Step 1 On a station, dial the orderwire phone numbers of the other stations. There should be ringbacktones.

Step 2 Check the orderwire phone, to which a call is made, of every other station to see whether theyring.

Step 3 Check the communication quality and make sure the voice is clear and has no noise.

NOTE

If the phone has been off hook but left unused for more than one minute, an audible alarm is generated forindication.

Step 4 Repeat steps 1 to 3 to test the orderwire of other stations.

----End

5.19.2 Testing the Conference CallThis section describes how to check the conference call communication to ensure that theconference calls at all stations work normally.

Prerequisite

The fiber connection of each station is fine.

The orderwire phone must have been installed at each station and configured by using theU2000.

The test personnel must be accessible on site when orderwire phone is tested.

Tools, Equipment and Materials

U2000


The conference call involves the network-wide conference call and subnet conference call.

l The network-wide conference call covers all NEs on the network, and the conference callnumber can be set on the U2000. For example, 999.

l The subnet conference call covers only the optical interfaces that have the same subnet No.on the network. The subnet No. for the optical interface can be set on the U2000. The subnetconference call number consists of the subnet No., which replaces the first one or first twodigits of the network-wide call number depending on how many digits the subnet No.consist of, and the remaining network-wide call number. For example, if the subnet No. is3, the subnet conference call number is 399.


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Procedure

Step 1 On a station, dial the orderwire phone numbers of the other stations. There should be ringbacktones.

Step 2 Check whether the orderwire phones of the other stations ring.

l In the case of a network-wide conference call, the orderwire phones of all stations shouldring.

l In the case of a subnet conference call, the orderwire phones of the stations that the subnetcovers should ring.

Step 3 Check the communication quality and make sure that the voice is clear and has no noise.

NOTE

If the phone has been off hook but left unused for more than one minute, an audible alarm is generated forindication.

Step 4 Repeat steps 1 to 3 to test the conference phones of the other subnets.

----End

5.20 Checking Networkwide AlarmsAfter the system commissioning is complete, you can check the alarms on the network. In thismanner, you can find and rectify the faults on the network.

Prerequisitel The NE is configured, and the configuration data is uploaded to the NMS.

l You must be an NM user with NE administrator authority or higher.


U2000

Procedure

Step 1 Click in the upper right portion of the Main Topology of the U2000 to display theBrowse Alarm List-[All Object]-Critical interface. You can browse the current critical alarms.

NOTE

When the indicator is surrounded by a square frame , it indicates that there are critical alarmsto be acknowledged.

When the indicator is surrounded by a square frame and the square frame flashes, it indicates that there arenew critical alarms to be acknowledged.

The number in the middle of the indicator indicates the number of current network-wide uncleared criticalalarms. Keep the Browse Alarm List-[All Object]-Criticalwindow open when alarms are monitored.

Step 2 Select the new cleared alarms and check the alarm causes. Check whether these alarms indicateany probable faults by referring to the Alarms and Performance Events Reference andTroubleshooting.



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Step 3 Select all the alarms and right-click Acknowledge. The cleared alarms disappear and are storedas history alarms.

Step 4 Select the new uncleared alarms and then check the alarm causes. Handle the faults withreference to Troubleshooting manual.

Step 5 Click in the upper right portion of the Main Topology of the U2000 to browse the currentmajor alarm, and follow Step 2 to Step 4 to check and handle the new major alarms.

NOTE

When the indicator is surrounded by a square frame , it indicates that there are major alarms tobe acknowledged.

When the indicator is surrounded by a square frame and the square frame flashes, it indicates that there arenew major alarms to be acknowledged.

The number in the middle of the indicator indicates the number of current network-wide uncleared majoralarms. Keep the Browse Alarm List-[All Object]-Critical window open when alarms are monitored.

Step 6 Click in the upper right portion of the Main Topology of the U2000 to browse the currentminor alarm, and follow Step 2 to Step 4 to check and handle the new minor alarms.

NOTE

When the indicator is surrounded by a square frame , it indicates that there are minor alarms tobe acknowledged.

When the indicator is surrounded by a square frame and the square frame flashes, it indicates that there arenew minor alarms to be acknowledged.

The number in the middle of the indicator indicates the number of current network-wide uncleared minoralarms.

----End


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A Glossary

Terms and abbreviations are listed in an alphabetical order.

A.1 Numerics

A.2 A

A.3 B

A.4 C

A.5 D

A.6 E

A.7 F

A.8 G

A.9 H

A.10 I

A.11 J

A.12 L

A.13 M

A.14 N

A.15 O

A.16 P

A.17 Q

A.18 R

A.19 S

A.20 T

A.21 U

A.22 V

A.23 W

OptiX OSN 3500 Intelligent Optical Transmission SystemCommissioning Guide A Glossary


A-1

A GlossaryOptiX OSN 3500 Intelligent Optical Transmission System

Commissioning Guide

A-2 Huawei Proprietary and ConfidentialCopyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Issue 02 (2010-11-01)

A.1 Numerics1+1 protection An architecture that has one normal traffic signal, one working SNC/trail, one protection

SNC/trail and a permanent bridge. At the source end, the normal traffic signal ispermanently bridged to both the working and protection SNC/trail. At the sink end, thenormal traffic signal is selected from the better of the two SNCs/trails. Due to thepermanent bridging, the 1+1 architecture does not allow an extra unprotected trafficsignal to be provided.

100BASE-T IEEE 802.3 Physical Layer specification for a 100 Mb/s CSMA/CD local area network.

100BASE-TX IEEE 802.3 Physical Layer specification for a 100 Mb/s CSMA/CD local area networkover two pairs of Category 5 unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) or shielded twisted-pair(STP) wire.

10BASE-T Defined in IEEE 802.3, it is an Ethernet specification that uses the twist pair with themaximum length of 100 meters at 10 Mbit/s for each network segment.

1:N protection A 1:N protection architecture has N normal service signals, N working SNCs/trails andone protection SNC/trail. It may have one extra service signal.

1PPS Pulse per second, which, strictly speaking, is not a time synchronization signal. This isbecause 1PPS provides only the "gauge" corresponding to the UTC second, but does notprovide the information about the day, month, or year. Therefore, 1PPS is used as thereference for frequency synchronization. On certain occasions, 1PPS can also be usedon other interfaces for high precision timing.

3R Reshaping, Retiming, Regenerating.

A.2 AABR Available Bit Rate

AC Alternating Current

ACAP The Adjacent Channel Alternate Polarization (ACAP) operation provides orthogonalpolarizations between two adjacent communication channels.

Active/Standbyswitching of cross-connect board

If there are two cross-connect boards on the SDH equipment, which are in hot back-uprelation of each other, the operation reliability is improved. When both the cross-connectboards are in position, the one inserted first is in the working status. Unplug the activeboard, the standby one will run in the working status automatically. When the activecross-connect board fails in self-test, the board is pulled out, the board power supplyfails or the board hardware operation fails, the standby cross-connect board canautomatically take the place of the active one.

add/drop multiplexer A network element that adds/drops the PDH signal or STM-x (x < N) signal to/from theSTM-N signal on the SDH transport network.

ADM See add/drop multiplexer

ADM See optical add/drop multiplexing



A-3

Administrative Unit The information structure which provides adaptation between the higher order path layerand the multiplex section layer. It consists of an information payload (the higher orderVC) and a AU pointer which indicates the offset of the payload frame start relative tothe multiplex section frame start.

Administrative UnitGroup

One or more Administrative Units occupying fixed, defined positions in an STM payloadare termed an Administrative Unit Group (AUG).An AUG-1 consists of a homogeneousassembly of AU-3s or an AU-4.

Administrator A user who has authority to access all the Management Domains of the EMLCoreproduct. He has access to the whole network and to all the management functionalities.

aging time N/A

AIS Alarm Indication Signal

Alarm A means of alerting the operator that specified abnormal condition exists.

Alarm automaticreport

When an alarm is generated on the device side, the alarm is reported to the N2000. Then,an alarm panel prompts and the user can view the details of the alarm.

alarm cable The cable for generation of visual or audio alarms.

alarm filtering The alarms are reported to the N2000 BMS, which decides whether to display and savethe alarms according to the filtering states of the alarms. The filtered alarms are notdisplayed and saved on the N2000 BMS, but still monitored.

alarm indication On the cabinet of an NE, there are four indicators in different colors indicating the currentstatus of the NE. When the green indicator is on, it indicates that the NE is powered on.When the red indicator is on, it indicates that a critical alarm is generated. When theorange indicator is on, it indicates that a major alarm is generated. When the yellowindicator is on, it indicates that a minor alarm is generated. The ALM alarm indicator onthe front panel of a board indicates the current status of the board. (Metro)

Alarm indication signal A code sent downstream in a digital network as an indication that an upstream failurehas been detected. It is associated with multiple transport layers.

Alarm inversion For the port that has already been configured but has no service, this function can beused to avoid generating relevant alarm information, thus preventing alarm interference.The alarm report condition of the NE port is related to the alarm inverse mode (notinverse, automatic recovery and manual recovery) setting of the NE and the alarminversion status (Enable and Disable) setting of the port. When the alarm inversion modeof NE is set to no inversion, alarms of the port will be reported as usual no matter whateverthe inversion status of the port is. When the alarm inversion mode of the NE is set toautomatic recovery, and the alarm inversion state of the port is set to Enabled, then thealarm of the port will be suppressed. The alarm inversion status of the port willautomatically recover to "not inverse" after the alarm ends. For the port that has alreadybeen configured but not actually loaded with services, this function can be used to avoidgenerating relevant alarm information, thus preventing alarm interference. When thealarm inverse mode of the NE is set as "not automatic recovery", if the alarm inversionstatus of the port is set as Enable, the alarm of the port will be reported.

Alarm Masking Alarms are detected and reported to the N2000 UMS, and whether the alarm informationis displayed and stored is decided by the function of alarm masking. These alarms maskedare not displayed and stored on the N2000 UMS.

Alarm Severity Alarm severity is used to identify the impact of a fault on services. According to ITU-Trecommendations, the alarm is classified into four severities: Critical, Major, Minor,Warning.


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Alarm suppression When alarms of various levels occur at the same time, certain lower-level alarms aresuppressed by higher-level alarms, and thus will not be reported.

ALS See Automatic laser shutdown

APS See Automatic Protection Switching

asynchronous Pertaining to, being, or characteristic of something that is not dependent on timing.

AsynchronousTransfer Mode

A data transfer technology based on cell, in which packets allocation relies on channeldemand. It supports fast packet switching to achieve efficient utilization of networkresources. The size of a cell is 53 bytes, which consist of 48-byte payload and 5-byteheader.

ATM See Asynchronous Transfer Mode

ATPC See Automatic Transmit Power Control

attenuation Reduction of signal magnitude or signal loss, usually expressed in decibels.

AU See Administrative Unit

AUG See Administrative Unit Group

auto-negotiation A mechanism that enables devices to negotiate the SPEED and MODE (duplex or half-duplex) of an Ethernet Link.

Automatic lasershutdown

A function that enables the shutdown of the laser when the optical interface board doesnot carry services or the fiber is faulty. The automatic laser shutdown (ALS) functionshortens the working time of the laser and thus extends the service life of the laser. Inaddition, the ALS prevents human injury caused by the laser beam.

Automatic ProtectionSwitching

Automatic Protection Switching (APS) is the capability of a transmission system todetect a failure on a working facility and to switch to a standby facility to recover thetraffic.

Automatic TransmitPower Control

A method of automatically adjusting the transmit power at the opposite end based on thetransmit signal detected at the receiver.

A.3 Bbackplane A backplane is an electronic circuit board containing circuitry and sockets into which

additional electronic devices on other circuit boards or cards can be plugged; in acomputer, generally synonymous with or part of the motherboard.

backup A periodic operation performed on the data stored in the database for the purposes ofdatabase recovery in case that the database is faulty. The backup also refers to datasynchronization between active and standby boards.

bandwidth A range of transmission frequencies that a transmission line or channel can carry in anetwork. In fact, it is the difference between the highest and lowest frequencies thetransmission line or channel. The greater the bandwidth, the faster the data transfer rate.

BDI Backward Defect Indicator

BER See Bit Error Rate

Binding strap A component installed on two sides of the cabinet for binding various cables.

binding strap The binding strap is 12.7 mm wide, with one hook side (made of transparentpolypropylene material) and one mat side (made of black nylon material).



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BIP BIP-X code is defined as a method of error monitoring. With even parity an X-bit codeis generated by the transmitting equipment over a specified portion of the signal in sucha manner that the first bit of the code provides even parity over the first bit of all X-bitsequences in the covered portion of the signal, the second bit provides even parity overthe second bit of all X-bit sequences within the specified portion, etc. Even parity isgenerated by setting the BIP-X bits so that there is an even number of 1s in each monitoredpartition of the signal. A monitored partition comprises all bits which are in the same bitposition within the X-bit sequences in the covered portion of the signal. The coveredportion includes the BIP-X.

bit error An error that occurs in some bits in the digital code stream after being received, judged,and regenerated, thus damaging the quality of the transmitted information

Bit Error Rate Bit error rate. Ratio of received bits that contain errors. BER is an important index usedto measure the communications quality of a network.

BITS See Building Integrated Timing Supply

bound path Binding several seriel paths into a parallel path, thus improving the data throughputcapacity.

BPDU Bridge Protocol Data Unit

bridge A device that connects two or more networks and forwards packets among them. Bridgesoperate at the physical network level. Bridges differs from repeaters because bridgesstore and forward complete packets, while repeaters forward all electrical signals.Bridges differ from routers because bridges use physical addresses, while routers use IPaddresses.

broadcast The process of sending packets from a source to multiple destinations. All the ports ofthe nodes in the network can receive packets.

Broadcast A means of delivering information to all members in a network. The broadcast range isdetermined by the broadcast address.

BSC Base Station Controller

BSS Base Station Subsystem

Build-in WDM A function which integrates some simple WDM systems into products that belong to theOSN series . That is, the OSN products can add or drop several wavelengths directly.

Building IntegratedTiming Supply

A building timing supply that minimizes the number of synchronization links enteringan office. Sometimes referred to as a synchronization supply unit.

BWS Backbone WDM System

A.4 Ccabling The method by which a group of insulated conductors is mechanically assembled or

twisted together.

cabling aperture A hole which is used for cable routing in the cabinet.

Cabling frame The frame which is used for cable routing over the cabinet.

cabling trough The trough which is used for cable routing in the cabinet.


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captive nut Captive nuts (or as they are more correctly named, 'tee nuts') have a range of uses butare more commonly used in the hobby for engine fixing (securing engine mounts to thefirewall), wing fixings, and undercarriage fixing.

CAR See committed access rate

CAS Channel Associated Signaling

CBR See Constant Bit Rate

CBS Committed Burst Size

CCDP Co-Channel Dual Polarization

CCM Continuity Check Message

CDR Clock and Data Recovery

CDVT See Cell Delay Variation Tolerance

Cell Delay VariationTolerance

This parameter measures the tolerance level a network interface has to aggressivesending (back-to-back or very closely spaced cells) by a connected device, and does notapply to end-systems.

Centralized alarmsystem

The system that gathers all the information about alarms into a certain terminal console.

CFM Connectivity Fault Management

Chain network One type of network that all network nodes are connected one after one to be in series.

channel A telecommunication path of a specific capacity and/or at a specific speed between twoor more locations in a network. The channel can be established through wire, radio(microwave), fiber or a combination of the three.The amount of information transmittedper second in a channel is the information transmission speed, expressed in bits persecond. For example, b/s (100 bit/s), kb/s (103 bit/s), Mb/s (106 bit/s), Gb/s (109 bit/s),and Tb/s (1012 bit/s).

CIR Committed Information Rate

Circuit The circuit of the service port on the access device.

CIST Common and Internal Spanning Tree

class of service Class of service (CoS) is a technology or method used to classify services into differentcategories according to the service quality.

Class of Service Class of Service is abbreviated to CoS. CoS is a rule for queuing. It classifies the packetsaccording to the service type field or the tag in packets, and specifies different prioritiesfor them. All the nodes in DiffServ domain forwards the packets according to theirpriorities.

client A device that sends requests, receives responses, and obtains services from the server.

Clock Synchronization Also called frequency synchronization, clock synchronization means that the signalfrequency traces the reference frequency, but the start point need not be consistent.

Clock tracing The method to keep the time on each node being synchronized with a clock source in anetwork.

CLP Cell Loss Priority

CM See Configuration Management



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committed access rate A traffic control method that uses a set of rate limits to be applied to a router interface.CAR is a configurable method by which incoming and outgoing packets can be classifiedinto QoS (Quality of Service) groups, and by which the input or output transmission ratecan be defined.

Concatenation A process that combines multiple virtual containers. The combined capacities can beused a single capacity. The concatenation also keeps the integrity of bit sequence.

Configuration Data A command file for an NE which defines the configuration of the NE hardware. Withthe file, the NE can coordinate with other NEs in the entire network. Configuration datais the key factor for the normal running of the entire network.

ConfigurationManagement

In a network, a system for gathering current configuration information from all nodes ina LAN.

Configure To set the basic parameters of an operation object.

congestion An extra intra-network or inter-network traffic resulting in decreasing network serviceefficiency.

Connection point A reference point where the output of a trail termination source or a connection is boundto the input of another connection, or where the output of a connection is bound to theinput of a trail termination sink or another connection. The connection point ischaracterized by the information which passes across it. A bidirectional connection pointis formed by the association of a contradirectional pair.

Constant Bit Rate constant bit rate. A kind of service categories defined by the ATM forum. CBR transferscells based on the constant bandwidth. It is applicable to service connections that dependon precise clocking to ensure undistorted transmission.

convergence It refers to the speed and capability for a group of networking devices to run a specificrouting protocol. It functions to keep the network topology consistent.

Convergence A process in which multiple channels of low-rate signals are multiplexed into one orseveral channels of required signals.

Convergence service A service that provides enhancements to an underlying service in order to provide forthe specific requirements of the convergence service user.

Conversion In the context of message handling, a transmittal event in which an MTA transformsparts of a message content from one encoded information type to another, or alters aprobe so it appears that the described messages were so modified.

corrugated tube N/A

CoS See class of service

CoS See Class of Service

CPU Central Processing Unit

CRC See Cyclic Redundancy Check

current alarm An alarm in unrecovered and unacknowledged state, unrecovered and acknowledgedstate, or recovered and unacknowledged state. Treatment measures must be taken onthese alarms.

Current PerformanceData

Performance data stored in the current register. An NE provides two types registers foreach performance parameter of the performance monitoring entity. The registers are 15-minute register and 24-hour register, which are used to accumulate the performance datawithin the current monitoring period.


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Cyclic RedundancyCheck

A procedure used in checking for errors in data transmission. CRC error checking usesa complex calculation to generate a number based on the data transmitted. The sendingdevice performs the calculation before transmission and includes it in the packet that itsends to the receiving device. The receiving device repeats the same calculation aftertransmission. If both devices obtain the same result, it is assumed that the transmissionwas error free. The procedure is known as a redundancy check because each transmissionincludes not only data but extra (redundant) error-checking values. Communicationsprotocols such as XMODEM and Kermit use cyclical redundancy checking.

A.5 DDC Direct Current

DCC Data Communication Channel

DCD Data Carrier Detect

DCE Data Circuit-terminal Equipment

DCN Data Communication Network

DDF See Digital Distribution Frame

DDN Digital Data Network

Defect A limited interruption in the ability of an item to perform a required function.

demultiplexing To separate from a common input into several outputs. Demultiplexing occurs at manylevels. Hardware demultiplexes signals from a transmission line based on time or carrierfrequency to allow multiple, simultaneous transmissions across a single physical cable.

Device set It is an aggregate of multiple managed equipments. Device set facilitates the authoritymanagement on devices in the management domain of the U2000. If some operationauthorities over one device set are assigned to a user (user group), these operationauthorities over all devices of the device set are assigned to the user (user group), thuseliminating the need to set the operation authorities over these devices respectively. It issuggested to design device set according to such criteria as geographical region, networklevel, device type, etc.

differentiated servicescode point

Values for a 6-bit field defined for the IPv4 and IPv6 packet headers that enhance classof service (CoS) distinctions in routers.

Differentiated ServicesCode Point

Differentiated Services CodePoint. A marker in the header of each IP packet using bits0-6 in the DS field. Routers provide differentiated classes of services to various servicestreams/flows based on this marker. In other words, routers select corresponding PHBaccording to the DSCP value.

DiffServ Differentiated Services

Digital DistributionFrame

Digital Distribution Frame. A frame which is used to transfer cables.



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digital signal A signal in which information is represented by a limited number of discrete states—forexample, high and low voltages—rather than by fluctuating levels in a continuous stream,as in an analog signal. In the pulse code modulation (PCM) technology, the 8 kHzsampling frequency is used and a byte contains 8 bits in length. Therefore, a digital signalis also referred to as a byte-based code stream. Digital signals, with simple structuresand broad bandwidth, are easy to shape or regenerate, and are not easily affected byexternal interference.

Distributed LinkAggregation Group

The distributed link aggregation group (DLAG) is a board-level port protectiontechnology used to detect unidirectional fiber cuts and to negotiate with the opposite end.In the case of a link down failure on a port or a hardware failure on a board, the servicescan automatically be switched to the slave board, thus realizing 1+1 protection for theinter-board ports.

DLAG See Distributed Link Aggregation Group

DNI See Dual Node Interconnection

domain A logical subscriber group based on which the subscriber rights are controlled.

DQDB Distributed Queue Dual Bus

DSCP See differentiated services code point

DSCP See Differentiated Services Code Point

DSL Digital Subscriber Line

DSLAM Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer

DSR Data Set Ready

DTE Data Terminal Equipments

DTR Data Terminal Ready

Dual NodeInterconnection

DNI provides an alternative physical interconnection point, between the rings, in caseof an interconnection failure scenario.

DVB-ASI Digital Video Broadcast- Asynchronous Serial Interface

DVMRP Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol

DWDM Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing

A.6 EE-AGGR Ethernet-Aggregation

E-LAN Ethernet LAN

E-LAN A L2VPN service type that is provided for the user Ethernet in different domains overthe PSN network. For the user Ethernet, the entire PSN network serves as a Layer 2switch.

E-Line Ethernet line. An point-to-point private service type that is provided for the user Ethernetin different domains.

Ear bracket A component on the side of the subrack. It is used to install the subrack into a cabinet.

ECC See Embedded Control Channel


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EFM Ethernet in the First Mile

ElectroStatic Discharge A sudden flow of electric current through a material that is normally an insulator.

Embedded ControlChannel

An ECC provides a logical operations channel between SDH NEs, utilizing a datacommunications channel (DCC) as its physical layer.

EMS Element Management System

encapsulation The technique used by layered protocols to add header information and possibly tailinformation to the protocol data unit.

Enterprise SystemConnection

A path protocol which connects the host with various control units in a storage system.It is a serial bit stream transmission protocol. The transmission rate is 200 Mbit/s.

Entity A part, device, subsystem, functional unit, equipment or system that can be individuallyconsidered. For ETH-OAM, an OAM entity generally refers to a specified system orsubsystem that supports the OAM protocol. For example, a Huawei Ethernet serviceprocessing board is an OAM entity.

EoD Ethernet Over Dual Domains

EPL See Ethernet Private Line

EPLAN Ethernet Private LAN Service

ESCON See Enterprise System Connection

ESD See ElectroStatic Discharge

ESD jack Electrostatic discharge jack. A hole in the cabinet or shelf, which connect the shelf orcabinet to the insertion of ESD wrist strap.

Ethernet A technology complemented in LAN. It adopts Carrier Sense Multiple Access/CollisionDetection. The speed of an Ethernet interface can be 10 Mbit/s, 100 Mbit/s, 1000 Mbit/s or 10000 Mbit/s. The Ethernet network features high reliability and easy maintaining..

Ethernet Alarm Group The Ethernet alarm group periodically obtain the statistics value to compare with theconfigured threshold. If the value exceeds the threshold, an event is reported.

Ethernet Private LAN Both a LAN service and a private service. Transport bandwidth is never shared betweendifferent customers.

Ethernet Private Line A point-to-point interconnection between two UNIs without SDH bandwidth sharing.Transport bandwidth is never shared between different customers.

ethernet virtual privateline service

An Ethernet service type, which carries Ethernet characteristic information over sharedbandwidth, point-to-point connections, provided by SDH, PDH, ATM, or MPLS serverlayer networks.

ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute

EVPL See ethernet virtual private line service

Exercise Switching An operation to check if the protection switching protocol functions normally. Theprotection switching is not really performed.

Exerciser - Ring This command exercises ring protection switching of the requested channel withoutcompleting the actual bridge and switch. The command is issued and the responses arechecked, but no working traffic is affected.

Extended ID The number of the subnet that an NE belongs to, for identifying different networksegments in a WAN. The extended ID and ID form the physical ID of the NE.



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extra traffic The traffic that is carried over the protection channels when that capacity is not used forthe protection of working traffic. Extra traffic is not protected.

A.7 FFailure If the fault persists long enough to consider the ability of an item with a required function

to be terminated. The item may be considered as having failed; a fault has now beendetected.

Fairness For any link specified in a ring network, if the data packets transmitted by the sourcenode are constrained by the fairness algorithm, the source node is provided with certainbandwidth capacities. This feature of RPR is called fairness.

fairness algorithm An algorithm designed to ensure the fair sharing of bandwidth among stations in the caseof congestion or overloading.

fault An accidental condition that causes a functinal unit to fail to perform its requiredfunction.

FC Fiber Channel

FD See frequency diversity

FDDI See fiber distributed data interface

FDI Forward Defect Indicator

FE Fast Ethernet

feature code Code(s) used to select/activate a service feature (e.g. forwarding, using two or three digitcodes preceded by * or 11 or #, and which may precede subsequent digit selection).

FEC See forwarding equivalence class

FEC See Forward Error Correction

fiber A kind of fiber used for connections between the subrack and the ODF, and forconnections between subracks or inside a subrack.

Fiber Connect. A new generation connection protocol which connects the host with various control units.It carries single byte command protocol through the physical path of fiber channel, andprovides higher rate and better performance than ESCON.

Fiber Connector A device installed at the end of a fiber, optical source or receive unit. It is used to couplethe optical wave to the fiber when connected to another device of the same type. Aconnector can either connect two fiber ends or connect a fiber end and a optical source(or a detector).

fiber distributed datainterface

A standard developed by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) for high-speed fiber-optic local area networks (LANs). FDDI provides specifications fortransmission rates of 100 megabits (100 million bits) per second on networks based onthe token ring network.


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fiber/cable Fiber & Cable is the general name of optical fiber and cable. It refers to the physicalentities that connect the transmission equipment, carry transmission objects (userinformation and network management information) and perform transmission functionin the transmission network. The optical fiber transmits optical signal, while the cabletransmits electrical signal. The fiber/cable between NEs represents the optical fiberconnection or cable connection between NEs. The fiber/cable between SDH NEsrepresents the connection relation between NEs. At this time, the fiber/cable is of opticalfiber type.

FICON See Fiber Connect

FIFO First In First Out

Flow An aggregation of packets that have the same characteristics. On the T2000 or NEsoftware, flow is a group of classification rules. On boards, it is a group of packets thathave the same quality of service (QoS) operation. At present, two flows are supported:port flow and port+VLAN flow. Port flow is based on port ID and port+VLAN flow isbased on port ID and VLAN ID. The two flows cannot coexist in the same port.

Forced switch This function forces the service to switch from the working channel to the protectionchannel, with the service not to be restored automatically. This switch occurs regardlessof the state of the protection channels or boards, unless the protection channels or boardsare satisfying a higher priority bridge request.

Forward ErrorCorrection

A bit error correction technology that adds the correction information to the payload atthe transmit end. Based on the correction information, the bit errors generated duringtransmission are corrected at the receive end.

forwarding equivalenceclass

A term used in Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) to describe a set of packets withsimilar or identical characteristics which may be forwarded the same way; that is, theymay be bound to the same MPLS label.

FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array

frame A frame, starting with a header, is a string of bytes with a specified length. Frame lengthis represented by the sampling circle or the total number of bytes sampled during a circle.A header comprises one or a number of bytes with pre-specified values. In other words,a header is a code segment that reflects the distribution (diagram) of the elements pre-specified by the sending and receiving parties.

Free-run mode An operating condition of a clock, the output signal of which is strongly influenced bythe oscillating element and not controlled by servo phase-locking techniques. In thismode the clock has never had a network reference input, or the clock has lost externalreference and has no access to stored data, that could be acquired from a previouslyconnected external reference. Free-run begins when the clock output no longer reflectsthe influence of a connected external reference, or transition from it. Free-run terminateswhen the clock output has achieved lock to an external reference.

frequency diversity A diversity scheme that enables two or more microwave frequencies with a certainfrequency interval are used to transmit/receive the same signal and selection is thenperformed between the two signals to ease the impact of fading.

FTP File Transfer Protocol

Full duplex The system that can transmit information in both directions on a communication link.Onthe communication link, both parties can send and receive data at the same time.



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A.8 GGain The ratio between the optical power from the input optical interface of the optical

amplifier and the optical power from the output optical interface of the jumper fiber,which expressed in dB.

Gateway IP When an NE accesses a remote network management system or NE, a router can be usedto enable the TCP/IP communication. In this case, the IP address of the router is thegateway IP. Only the gateway NE requires the IP address. The IP address itself cannotidentify the uniqueness of an NE. The same IP addresses may exist in different TCP/IPnetworks. An NE may have multiple IP addresses, for example, one IP address of thenetwork and one IP address of the Ethernet port.

Gateway NetworkElement

Gateway NE refers to the NE that communicates with the NMS via Ethernet or serialport line. The non-gateway NE communicates with the gateway NE via ECC andcommunicates with the NMS via the gateway NE. The gateway NE is a communicationroute that the U2000 must pass through when managing the entire network. Thecommunication status between the gateway NE and the U2000 can be:(1) Normal: Thecurrent communication is efficient; (2) Connecting: The destination gateway responds,and the communication is interrupted but is being connected; (3) Disconnected: Thedestination gateway does not respond (Maybe the network cable is disconnected or notwithin the same network segment), and the communication is unreachable or the gatewayis disabled manually.

GE Gigabit Ethernet

GFP Generic Framing Procedure

GFP GFP is a framing and encapsulated method which can be applied to any data type. It hasbeen standardized by ITU-T SG15.

GNE See Gateway Network Element

GPS Global Positioning System

GSM Global System for Mobile Communications

GTS Generic Traffic Shaping

GUI Graphic User Interface

A.9 Hhalf-duplex An operation mode of the Ethernet port. In half-duplex mode, a port can only send or

receive data at a time.

handle A component of the panel. It is used to insert or remove boards and RTMs in and out ofslots.

Hardware loopback A connection mode in which a fiber jumper is used to connect the input optical interfaceto the output optical interface of a board to achieve signal loopback.

HDLC High level Data Link Control

HEC Header Error Control

History alarm The confirmed alarms that have been saved in the memory and other external memories.


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History PerformanceData

The performance data that is stored in the history register or that is autoreported andstored in the NMS.

HP Higher Order Path

HPT Higher Order Path Termination

A.10 IIC Integrated Circuit

IDU Indoor Unit

IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

IETF Internet Engineering Task Force

IF Intermediate Frequency

IGMP See Internet Group Management Protocol

IGMP Snooping IGMP proxy means that in some network topologies, the device does not set up themulticast routes, but to learn the information about the accessed multicast group membersand forward it to the upstream multicast router. The upstream multicast router sets upthe multicast routes.

IMA frame The IMA frame is used as the unit of control in the IMA protocol. It is a logical framedefined as M consecutive cells, numbered 0 to M-l, transmitted on each of the N linksin an IMA group.

Input jitter tolerance The maximum amplitude of sinusoidal jitter at a given jitter frequency, which, whenmodulating the signal at an equipment input port, results in no more than two erroredseconds cumulative, where these errored seconds are integrated over successive 30second measurement intervals.

Intelligent poweradjusting

The factors such as fiber cut, degradation of equipment, and removal of connectors mayresult in the loss of the optical power signals. The function of intelligent power adjusting(IPA) enables the ROP laser and booster amplifier (BA) of a section to be shut downautomatically. In this way, the maintainers, their eyes in particular, can be protected forthe exposed optical fibers when they are performing the repairs.

Interface board area The area for the interface boards on the subrack.

Internal cable The cables and optical fibers which are used for interconnecting electrical interfaces andoptical interfaces within the cabinet.

Internet GroupManagement Protocol

The protocol for managing the membership of Internet Protocol multicast groups amongthe TCP/IP protocols. It is used by IP hosts and adjacent multicast routers to establishand maintain multicast group memberships.

IP Internet Protocol

IP address In the TCP/IP protocol, it is used to uniquely identify the 32-bit address of thecommunication port, An IP address consists of a network ID and a unique host ID. AnIP address consists of the decimal values of its eight bytes, separated with periods; forexample,192.168.7.27.

IP over DCC The IP Over DCC follows TCP/IP telecommunications standards and controls the remoteNEs through the Internet. The IP Over DCC means that the IP over DCC uses overheadDCC byte (the default is D1-D3) for communication.



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IPA See Intelligent power adjusting

IS-IS Intermedia System-Intermedia System

ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network

ISO International Standard Organization

ISP Internet Service Provider

IST Internal Spanning Tree

ITU-T International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization

A.11 JJitter Short waveform variations caused by vibration, voltage fluctuations, and control system

instability.

jitter tolerance Jitter tolerance is defined as the peak-to-peak amplitude of sinusoidal jitter applied onthe input ATM-PON signal that causes a 1 dB optical power penalty at the opticalequipment.

A.12 Llabel A mark on a cable, a subrack, or a cabinet for identification.

Label A short identifier that is of fixed length and local significance. A label is used to uniquelyidentify the FEC to which a packet belongs. A label does not contain topologyinformation. It is carried in the header of a packet and does not contain topologyinformation.

LACP See Link Aggregation Control Protocol

LAG See link aggregation group

LAN Local Area Network

LAPS Link Access Procedure-SDH

Laser A component that generates directional optical waves of narrow wavelengths. The laserlight has better coherence than ordinary light. The fiber system takes the semi-conductorlaser as the light source.

Layer A concept used to allow the transport network functionality to be described hierarchicallyas successive levels; each layer being solely concerned with the generation and transferof its characteristic information.

layer 2 switch A data forwarding method. In LAN, a network bridge or 802.3 Ethernet switch transmitsand distributes packet data based on the MAC address. Since the MAC address is thesecond layer of the OSI model, this data forwarding method is called layer 2 switch.

LB See Loopback

LBM Loopback Message

LBR Loopback Reply

LC Lucent Connector


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LCAS See Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme

LCD Liquid Crystal Display

LCT See Local craft terminal

License A permission that the vendor provides for the user with a specific function, capacity, anddurability of a product. A license can be a file or a serial number. Usually the licenseconsists of encrypted codes, and the operation authority varies with different level oflicense.

Link In the topology view, a link is used to identify the physical or logical connection betweentwo topological nodes.

Link AggregationControl Protocol

Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) is part of an IEEE specification (802.3ad)that allows you to bundle several physical ports to form a single logical channel. LACPallows a switch to negotiate an automatic bundle by sending LACP packets to the peer.

link aggregation group An aggregation that allows one or more links to be aggregated together to form a linkaggregation group so that a MAC client can treat the link aggregation group as if it werea single link.

Link CapacityAdjustment Scheme

The Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS) is designed to allow the dynamicprovisioning of bandwidth, using VCAT, to meet customer requirements.

LLC Logical Link Control

Local craft terminal A single layer network management scheme that manages a transmission networkconsisting of a maximum of five NEs. In this way, the comprehensive management ofthe multi-service transmission network is achieved. Normally, the cross-over networkcables and serial port cables are used to connect the local craft terminal (LCT) to an NE.Then, the LCT can configure and maintain a single NE.

Locked switching When the switching condition is satisfied, this function disables the service from beingswitched from the working channel to the protection channel. When the service has beenswitched, the function enables the service to be restored from the protection channel tothe working channel.

LOF Loss of frame

LOM Loss Of Multiframe

Loopback A troubleshooting technique that returns a transmitted signal to its source so that thesignal or message can be analyzed for errors.

LOS Loss Of Signal

Lower Threshold When the performance event count value is smaller than a certain value, a threshold-crossing event occurs. The value is the lower threshold.

LP Lower Order Path

LPT Link State Pass Through

LSP Label Switched Path

LSR Label Switching Router

LT Link Trace



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A.13 MMA See Maintenance Association

MAC Medium Access Control

MaintenanceAssociation

That portion of a Service Instance, preferably all of it or as much as possible, theconnectivity of which is maintained by CFM. It is also a full mesh of MaintenanceEntities.

Maintenance Domain The network or the part of the network for which faults in connectivity are to be managed,belonging to a single administration. The boundary of a Maintenance Domain is definedby a set DSAPs, each of which may become a point of connectivity to a Service Instance.

MAN See Metropolitan Area Network

Manual switching A protection switching. When the protection path is normal and there is no request of ahigher level switching, the service is manually switched from the working path to theprotection path, to test whether the network still has the protection capability.

Mapping A procedure by which tributaries are adapted into virtual containers at the boundary ofan SDH network.

Marking-off template A quadrate cardboard with four holes. It is used to mark the positions of the installationholes for the cabinet.

MBS Maximum Burst Size

MCF Message Communication Function

MCR Minimum Cell Rate

MD See Maintenance Domain

Mean launched power The average power of a pseudo-random data sequence coupled into the fibre by thetransmitter.

MEP Maintenance End Point

Metropolitan AreaNetwork

A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a network that interconnects users with computerresources in a geographic area or region larger than that covered by even a large localarea network (LAN) but smaller than the area covered by a wide area network (WAN).The term is applied to the interconnection of networks in a city into a single largernetwork (which may then also offer efficient connection to a wide area network). It isalso used to mean the interconnection of several local area networks by bridging themwith backbone lines. The latter usage is also sometimes referred to as a campus network.

MIB Management Information Base

MIP Maintenance Intermediate Point

MODEM MOdulator-DEModulator

MP Maintenance Point

MPID Maintenance Point Identification

MPLS See Multi-Protocol Label Switch

MS Multiplex Section

MSA Multiplex Section Adaptation


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MSOH See Multiplex Section Overhead

MSP See multiplex section protection

MST Multiplex Section Termination

MSTI Multiple Spanning Tree Instance

MSTP See Multi-service transmission platform

MSTP See Multiple spanning tree protocol

MTIE Maximum Time Interval Error

MTU Maximum Transmission Unit

Multi-Protocol LabelSwitch

A technology that uses short tags of fixed length to encapsulate packets in different linklayers, and provides connection-oriented switching for the network layer on the basis ofIP routing and control protocols. It improves the cost performance and expandability ofnetworks, and is beneficial to routing.

Multi-servicetransmission platform

It is based on the SDH platform, capable of accessing, processing and transmitting TDMservices, ATM services, and Ethernet services, and providing unified management ofthese services.

Multicast A process of transmitting packets of data from one source to many destinations. Thedestination address of the multicast packet uses Class D address, that is, the IP addressranges from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. Each multicast address represents a multicastgroup rather than a host.

Multiple spanning treeprotocol

The MSTP can be used in a loop network. Using an algorithm, the MSTP blocksredundant paths so that the loop network can be trimmed as a tree network. In this case,the proliferation and endless cycling of packets is avoided in the loop network. Theprotocol that introduces the mapping between VLANs and multiple spanning trees. Thissolves the problem that data cannot be normally forwarded in a VLAN because in STP/RSTP, only one spanning tree corresponds to all the VLANs.

Multiplex SectionOverhead

The overhead that comprises rows 5 to 9 of the SOH of the STM-N signal. See SOHdefinition.

multiplex sectionprotection

A function, which is performed to provide capability for switching a signal between andincluding two multiplex section termination (MST) functions, from a "working" to a"protection" channel.

Multiplexing A procedure by which multiple lower order path layer signals are adapted into a higherorder path or the multiple higher order path layer signals are adapted into a multiplexsection.

A.14 NN+1 protection A radio link protection system composed of N working channels and one protection

channel.

NE See network element

NE Explorer The main operation interface, of the U2000, which is used to manage the OptiXequipment. In the NE Explorer, the user can configure, manage and maintain the NE,boards, and ports on a per-NE basis.



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network element A network element (NE) contains both the hardware and the software running on it. OneNE is at least equipped with one system control board which manages and monitors theentire network element. The NE software runs on the system control board.

network node interface The interface at a network node which is used to interconnect with another network node.

network segment Network Segment means any discrete part of the Network.

NLP Normal Link Pulse

NMS Network Management System

NNI See network node interface

NPC Network Parameter Control

nrt-VBR Non Real-Time Variable Bit Rate

NRZ Non Return to Zero code

NSAP Network Service Access Point

NTP Network Time Protocol

A.15 OOA See Optical Amplifier

OADM Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer

OAM Operations, Administration and Maintenance

OAM auto-discovery In the case of OAM auto-discovery, two interconnected ports, enabled with the Ethernetin the First Mile OAM (EFM OAM) function, negotiate to determine whether the mutualEFM OAM configuration match with each other by sending and responding to the OAMprotocol data unit (OAMPDU). If the mutual EFM OAM configuration match, the twoports enter the EFM OAM handshake phase. In the handshake phase, the two portsregularly send the OAMPDU to maintain the neighborhood relation.

OCP See Optical Channel Protection

ODF See Optical Distribution Frame

ODU Outdoor Unit

OFS Out-of-frame Second

OHA Overhead Access Function

OLT Optical Line Terminal

Online Help The capability of many programs and operating systems to display advice or instructionsfor using their features when so requested by the user.

ONU Optical Network Unit

OOF Out of Frame

optical add/dropmultiplexing

A process that adds the optical signals of various wavelengths to one channel and dropthe optical signals of various wavelengths from one channel.

Optical Amplifier Devices or subsystems in which optical signals can be amplified by means of thestimulated emission taking place in a suitable active medium.


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Optical attenuator A passive device that increases the attenuation in a fiber link. It is used to ensure that theoptical power of the signals received at the receive end is not extremely high. It isavailable in two types: fixed attenuator and variable attenuator.

Optical ChannelProtection

In an optical transmission link that contains multiple wavelengths, when a certainwavelength goes faulty, the services at the wavelength can be protected if the opticalchannel protection is configured.

Optical Connector A component normally attached to an optical cable or piece of apparatus for the purposeof providing frequent optical interconnection/disconnection of optical fibers or cables.

Optical DistributionFrame

A frame which is used to transfer and spool fibers.

Optical Interface A component that connects several transmit or receive units.

Optical Time DomainReflectometer

A device that sends a very short pulse of light down a fiber optic communication systemand measures the time history of the pulse reflection.

orderwire A channel that provides voice communication between operation engineers ormaintenance engineers of different stations.

OSI Open Systems Interconnection

OSN Optical Switch Node

OSPF Open Shortest Path First

OTDR See Optical Time Domain Reflectometer

OTU Optical Transponder Unit. A device or subsystem that converts the accessed client signalsinto the G.694.1/G.694.2-compliant WDM wavelength.

Output optical power The ranger of optical energy level of output signals.

Overhead Extra bits in a digital stream used to carry information besides traffic signals. Orderwire,for example, would be considered overhead information.

A.16 PPaired slots Two slots of which the overheads can be passed through by using the bus on the

backplane. When the SCC unit is faulty or offline, the overheads can be passed throughbetween the paired slots by using the directly connected overhead bus. When two SDHboards form an MSP ring, the boards need to be inserted in paired slots so that the Kbytes can be passed through.

pass through When services are passed through, it indicates that transmission equipment does notprocess the service received and only detects the signal quality.

Path A performance resource object defined in the network management system. The left endof a path is a device node whose port needs to be specified and the right end of a path isa certain IP address which can be configured by the user. By defining a path in thenetwork management system, a user can test the performance of a network path betweena device port and an IP address. The tested performance may be the path delay, packetloss ratio or other aspects.

path protection Path protection is a special case of fixed partitioning sub-path protection technique whereevery primary path is partitioned into only one sub-path (i.e., h = D, diameter of thenetwork).



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PBS Peak Burst Size

PC Personal Computer

PCM Pulse Code Modulation

PCR Peak Cell Rate

PDH See Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy

PE Provider Edge. A PE is the name of the device or set of devices at the edge of the providernetwork with the functionality that is needed to interface with the customer.

Performance register Performance register is the memory space for performance event counts, including 15-min current performance register, 24-hour current performance register, 15-min historyperformance register, 24-hour history performance register, UAT register and CSESregister. The object of performance event monitoring is the board functional module, soevery board functional module has a performance register. A performance register isused to count the performance events taking place within a period of operation time, soas to evaluate the quality of operation from the angle of statistics.

performance threshold The performance threshold is a limit for generating an alarm for a selected entity. Whenthe measurement data satisfies the preset alarm threshold or exceeds the preset grads,the PM subsystem generates a performance alarm.

Performance threshold Performance events usually have upper and lower thresholds. When the performanceevent count value exceeds the upper threshold, a performance threshold-crossing eventis generated; when the performance event count value is below the upper threshold fora period of time, the performance threshold-crossing event is ended. In this way,performance jitter caused by some sudden events can be shielded. A few performanceevents only have one threshold, which is the special case that upper threshold and lowerthreshold are equal.

Permanent VirtualConnection

Traditional ATM Permanent Virtual Connection that is established/released upon arequest initiated by a management request procedure (that is all nodes supporting theconnections need to be instructed by the network management).

PGND Protection Ground

PIM-SM Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode

PIR Peak Information Rate

plesiochronous Qualifying two time-varying phenomena, time-scales, or signals in which correspondingsignificant instants occur at the same rate, any variations in rate being constrained withinspecified limits. Note: Corresponding significant instants are separated by time intervalshaving durations which may vary without limit.

Plesiochronous DigitalHierarchy

The Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH) is a technology used intelecommunications networks to transport large quantities of data over digital transportequipment such as fibre optic and microwave radio systems.

PLL Phase-Locked Loop

Pointer An indicator whose value defines the frame offset of a virtual container with respect tothe frame reference of the transport entity on which it is supported.

POS Packet Over SDH

Power box A direct current power distribution box at the upper part of a cabinet, which suppliespower for the subracks in the cabinet.


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PPP Point-to-Point Protocol

PRBS See Pseudo-Random Binary Sequence

PRC Primary Reference Clock

Primitive In the hierarchy of signaling system No.7, when the upper layer applies for services fromthe lower layer or the lower layer transmits services to the upper layer, the data isexchanged between the user and the service provider. In this case, the data transmittedbetween adjacent layers is called primitive.

Private Line The line, such as the subscriber cable and trunk cable, which are hired by thetelecommunication carrier and are used to meet the special requirement of the user. Theline is also called hired line. Generally, the switch device is not contained.

protection grounding A cable which connects the equipment and the protection grounding bar. Usually, thecable is yellow and green.

Protection path A specific path that is part of a protection group and is labeled protection.

Protection service A specific service that is part of a protection group and is labelled protection.

Protection subnet In the NMS, the protection subnet becomes a concept of network level other thanmultiplex section rings or path protection rings. The protection sub-network involvesNEs and fibre cable connections.

Protection View The user interface, of the network management system, which is used to manageprotection in the network.

PS Packet Switched

PSD Power Spectral Density

Pseudo-RandomBinary Sequence

A sequence that is random in a sense that the value of an element is independent of thevalues of any of the other elements, similar to real random sequences.

PVC See Permanent Virtual Connection

PW Pseudo Wire

PW Pseudo wire. A mechanism that bears the simulated services between PEs on the PSN(Packet Switched Network).

A.17 QQoS See Quality of Service

Quality of Service Quality of Service, which determines the satisfaction of a subscriber for a service. QoSis influenced by the following factors applicable to all services: service operability,service accessibility, service maintainability, and service integrity.

A.18 RRapid Spanning TreeProtocol

An evolution of the Spanning Tree Protocol, providing for faster spanning treeconvergence after a topology change. The RSTP protocol is backward compatible withthe STP protocol.

RDI Remote Defect Indication



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Receiver Sensitivity Receiver sensitivity is defined as the minimum acceptable value of average receivedpower at point R to achieve a 1 x 10-10 BER.

Reference clock A reference clock is usually of high stability , accuracy and autonomy and it's frequencycan be compared with other clock as a benchmark.

REG A piece of equipment or device that regenerates electrical signals.

Regeneration The process of receiving and reconstructing a digital signal so that the amplitudes,waveforms and timing of its signal elements are constrained within specified limits.

Regenerator sectionoverhead

The regenerator section overhead comprises rows 1 to 3 of the SOH of the STM-N signal.

Remote opticalpumping amplifier(ROPA)

An remote optical amplifier sub-system designed for applications where power supplyand monitoring systems are unavailable. The ROPA subsystem is a power compensationsolution to the ultra-long distance long hop (LHP) transmission.

Resilient Packet Ring A network topology being developed as a new standard for fiber optic rings.

RF Radio Frequency

RFA Request For Announcement

RFI Request for Information

ring network A ring network is a network topology in which each node connects to exactly two othernodes, forming a circular pathway for signals.

RNC Radio Network Controller

route A route is the path that network traffic takes from its source to its destination. In a TCP/IP network, each IP packet is routed independently. Routes can change dynamically.

router Links a local network to a remote network. For example, your company's networkprobably uses a router to connect to the Internet. Can be used to connect a LAN to aLAN, a WAN to a WAN, or a LAN to the Internet.

RP Rendezvous Point

RPR See Resilient Packet Ring

RS232 In the asynchronous transfer mode and there is no hand-shaking signal. It cancommunicate with RS232 and RS422 of other stations in point-to-point mode and thetransmission is transparent. Its highest speed is 19.2kbit/s.

RS422 The specification that defines the electrical characteristics of balanced voltage digitalinterface circuits. The interface can change to RS232 via the hardware jumper and othersare the same as RS232.

RSTP See Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol

RTN Radio Transmission Node

RX Receiver


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A.19 SS1 byte In an SDH network, each network element traces step by step to the same clock reference

source through a specific clock synchronization path, thus realizing the synchronizationof the whole network. If a clock reference source traced by the NE is lost, the clock ofthis NE will trace another clock reference source of lower level. To implement protectionswitching of clocks in the whole network, the NE must learn about the clock qualityinformation of the clock reference source it traces. Therefore, ITU-T defines S1 byte totransmit the network synchronization status information. It uses the lower four bits ofthe multiplex section overhead S1 byte to indicate 16 types of synchronization qualitygrades. The specific coding information is shown in the following table. Auto protectionswitching of clocks in the synchronous network can be implemented by using S1 byteand following the certain switching protocol.

SAN Storage Area Network

SC Square Connector

SCR Sustainable Cell Rate

SD See space diversity

SD See Signal Degrade

SDH See Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

SDP Serious Disturbance Period

SEC SDH Equipment Clock

Section The portion of a SONET transmission facility, including terminating points, between (i)a terminal network element and a regenerator or (ii) two regenerators. A terminatingpoint is the point after signal regeneration at which performance monitoring is (or maybe) done.

Self-healing Self-healing is the establishment of a replacement connection by network without theNMC function. When a connection failure occurs, the replacement connection is foundby the network elements and rerouted depending on network resources available at thattime.

Serial port extendedECC

The ECC channel realized by means of serial port.

server A network device that provides services to network users by managing shared resources,often used in the context of a client-server architecture for a LAN.

Service protection A measure that ensures that the services can be received at the receive end.

SES Severely Errored Second

SETS Synchronous Equipment Timing Source

settings Parameters of a system or operation that can be selected by the user.

SF See Signal Fail

SF See SF

SF Signal Fail. A signal that indicates the associated data has failed in the sense that a near-end defect condition (non-degrade defect) is active.



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SFP See Small Form-Factor Pluggable

SHDSL Single-line High speed Digital Subscriber Line

Side Mode SuppressionRatio

The Side Mode Suppression Ratio (SMSR) is the ratio of the largest peak of the totalsource spectrum to the second largest peak.

signal cable Common signal cables cover the E1cable, network cable, and other non-subscriber signalcable.

Signal Degrade SD is a signal indicating the associated data has degraded in the sense that a degradeddefect (e.g., dDEG) condition is active.

Signal Fail SF is a signal indicating the associated data has failed in the sense that a near-end defectcondition (not being the degraded defect) is active.

Simple NetworkManagement Protocol

A network management protocol of TCP/IP. It enables remote users to view and modifythe management information of a network element. This protocol ensures thetransmission of management information between any two points. The pollingmechanism is adopted to provide basic function sets. According to SNMP, agents, whichcan be hardware as well as software, can monitor the activities of various devices on thenetwork and report these activities to the network console workstation. Controlinformation about each device is maintained by a management information block.

slide rail Angle-bars on which shelves and chassis may slide and be supported within a cabinet orshelf.

Small Form-FactorPluggable

A specification for a new generation of optical modular transceivers.

SMSR See Side Mode Suppression Ratio

SNC SubNetwork Connection

SNCMP See Subnetwork connection multipath protection

SNCP See SubNetwork Connection Protection

SNCP node Set the SNC node on the protection sub-network to support sub-network connectionprotection that spans protection sub-networks. The SNCP node of the ring sub-networkcan support electric circuit dually feed and selectively receive a timeslot out of the ring,thus implementing sub-network connection protection. The SNCP node is generally seton the node on the line board with the path protection type of the dual fed and selectivelyreceived.

SNCTP See Subnetwork Connection Tunnel Protection

SNMP See Simple Network Management Protocol

SNR Signal Noise Ratio

space diversity A protection mode. The main and standby radios are set up in Hot Standby mode, butare connected to their own antennas. Both antennas, separated by a specific distance, arereceiving the signal transmitted from the online radio at the other end of the lin

Spanning Tree Protocol Spanning Tree Protocol. STP is a protocol that is used in the LAN to remove the loop.STP applies to the redundant network to block some undesirable redundant paths throughcertain algorithms and prune a loop network into a loop-free tree network.

SPI Synchronous Physical Interface

SSM See Synchronization Status Message


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SSU Synchronization Supply Unit

Statistical multiplexing A multiplexing technique whereby information from multiple logical channels can betransmitted across a single physical channel. It dynamically allocates bandwidth only toactive input channels, to make better use of available bandwidth and allow more devicesto be connected than with other multiplexing techniques. Compare with TDM.

STM-4 SDH Transport Module -4

STP See Spanning Tree Protocol

Sub-network number It is used to differentiate the different network sections in the sub-network conference.Actually it is the first several digits (one or two) of the user phone number. An orderwirephone number is composed of the sub-network number and the user number.

subnet A logical entity in the transmission network, which comprises a group of networkmanagement objects. A subnet can contain NEs and other subnets.

subnet mask The technique used by the IP protocol to determine which network segment packets aredestined for. The subnet mask is a binary pattern that is stored in the client machine,server or router and is matched with the IP address.

Subnetwork connectionmultipath protection

The only difference is that SNCP is of 1+1 protection and SNCMP is of N+1 protection.That is, several backup channels protect one active channel in SNCMP.

SubNetworkConnection Protection

A working subnetwork connection is replaced by a protection subnetwork connection ifthe working subnetwork connection fails, or if its performance falls below a requiredlevel.

SubnetworkConnection TunnelProtection

SNCTP provides a VC-4 level channel protection. When the working channel is faulty,the services of the entire VC-4 path can be switched over to the protection channel.

Support A part used to support and fix a cabinet on the antistatic floor

Suppression state An attribute set to determine whether an NE monitors the alarm. Under suppressionstatus, NE will not monitor the corresponding alarm conditions and the alarm will notoccur even when the alarm conditions are met.

SVC Switching Virtual Connection

Switching priority There may be the case that several protected boards need to be switched; thus the tributaryboard switching priority should be set. If the switching priority of each board is set thesame, the tributary board that fails later cannot be switched. The board with higherpriority can preempt the switching of that with lower priority.

Switching restorationtime

It refers to the period of time between the start of detecting and the moment when theline is switched back to the original status after protection switching occurs in the MSPsub-network.

Synchronization StatusMessage

A message that is used to transmit the quality levels of timing signals on the synchronoustiming link. Through this message, the node clocks of the SDH network and thesynchronization network can aquire upper stream clock information, and the two performoperations on the corresponding clocks, such as tracing, switchover, or converting hold),and then forward the synchronization information of this node to down stream.



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Synchronous DigitalHierarchy

SDH is a transmission scheme that follows ITU-T G.707, G.708, and G.709. It definesthe transmission features of digital signals such as frame structure, multiplexing mode,transmission rate level, and interface code. SDH is an important part of ISDN and B-ISDN. It interleaves the bytes of low-speed signals to multiplex the signals to high-speedcounterparts, and the line coding of scrambling is only used only for signals. SDH issuitable for the fiber communication system with high speed and a large capacity sinceit uses synchronous multiplexing and flexible mapping structure.

Synchronous source A clock providing timing services to connected network elements. This would includeclocks conforming to Recommendations G.811, G.812 and G.813.

A.20 TT2000 The T2000 is a subnet management system (SNMS). In the telecommunication

management network architecture, the T2000 is located between the NE level andnetwork level, which can support all NE level functions and part of the network levelmanagement functions. See also NM.

T2000 LCT A lite version of T2000. It is an element level management system for the opticaltransmission network. It can manage SDH, DWDM and Metro optical transmissionequipment. See also LCT.

Tandem ConnectionMonitor

In the SDH transport hierarchy, the TCM is located between the AU/TU managementlayer and HP/LP layer. It uses the N1/N2 byte of POH overhead to monitor the qualityof the transport channels on a transmission section (TCM section).

TCM See Tandem Connection Monitor

TCP/IP See Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

TDM Time Division Multiplexing

tie wrap N/A

TIM Trace Identifier Mismatch

Time Slot Continuously repeating interval of time or a time period in which two devices are ableto interconnect.

Time Synchronization Also called the moment synchronization, time synchronization means that thesynchronization of the absolute time, which requires that the starting time of the signalskeeps consistent with the UTC time.

TM Terminal Multiplexer

TMN Telecommunications Management Network

ToS See Type of Service

TPS See Tributary Protection Switch

Trail managementfunction

A network level management function of the network management system. Through trailmanagement, you can configure end-to-end services, view graphic interface and visualroutes of a trail, query detailed information of a trail, filter, search and locate a trailquickly, manage and maintain trails in a centralized manner, manage alarms andperformance data by trail, and print a trail report.


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Transceiver A transmitter and receiver housed together in a single unit and having some circuits incommon, often for portable or mobile use.

Transmission ControlProtocol/InternetProtocol

Common name for the suite of protocols developed to support the construction ofworldwide internetworks.

transparenttransmission

A process during which the signaling protocol or data is not processed in the content butencapsulated in the format for the processing of the next phase.

Tray A component that can be installed in the cabinet for holding chassis or other devices.

Tributary loopback A fault can be located for each service path by performing loopback to each path of thetributary board. There are three kinds of loopback modes. 1. No loopback: It is the normalstatus. No loopback is needed when the equipment runs efficiently; 2. Outloop: Whenarriving at the line board after passing the input port in the local NE, the input signal isdirectly looped back to the service output end; 3. Inloop: The input signal is returnedalong the original trail from the tributary board of the target NE.

Tributary ProtectionSwitch

Tributary protection switching, a function provided by the equipment, is intended toprotect N tributary processing boards through a standby tributary processing board.

Tributary unit An information structure which provides adaptation between the lower order path layerand the higher order path layer. It consists of an information payload (the lower orderVC) and a TU pointer which indicates the offset of the payload frame start relative tothe higher order VC frame start.

Tributary Unit Group One or more Tributary Units, occupying fixed, defined positions in a higher order VC-n payload is termed a Tributary Unit Group (TUG). TUGs are defined in such a way thatmixed capacity payloads made up of different size Tributary Units can be constructedto increase flexibility of the transport network

TTL Time To Live

TU Tributary Unit

TUG See Tributary Unit Group

Type of Service A field in an IP packet (IP datagram) that is used for quality of service (QoS). The TOSfield is 8 bits, broken into five sub-fields.

A.21 UUART Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter

UAS Unavailable Second

UBR Unspecified Bit Rate

underfloor cabling The cables connected cabinets and other devices are routed underfloor.

UNI See User Network Interface

Unprotected Pertaining to the transmission of the services that are not protected, the services cannotbe switched to the protection channel if the working channel is faulty or the service isinterrupted, because protection mechanism is not configured.

Unprotected sub-network

It refers to a sub-network without any protection mechanism. The purpose of suchconfiguration is to provide the basic data of trail protection for the subsequent trailmanagement.



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Upload An operation to report some or all configuration data of an NE to the T2000. Theconfiguration data then covers the configuration data stored at the T2000 side.

Upper threshold The critical value that can induce unexpected events if exceeded.

UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply

Upward cabling Cables or fibers connect the rack with other equipment from the top of the cabinet.

User A client user of the NMS. The user name and password uniquely identifies the operationrights of a user in the NMS.

User Network Interface The interface between a network and the user of network services.

UTC Universal Time Coordinated

A.22 VVB Virtual Bridge

VBR Variable Bit Rate

VC See Virtual concatenation

VCG Virtual Concatenation Group

VCI Virtual Channel Identifier

Virtual concatenation N/A

Virtual Container A Virtual Container is the information structure used to support path layer connectionsin the SDH. It consists of information payload and path Overhead (POH) informationfields organized in a block frame structure which repeats every 125 or 500 μs.

Virtual local areanetwork

A subset of the active topology of a Bridged Local Area Network. Associated with eachVLAN is a VLAN Identifier (VID).

Virtual PrivateNetwork

The extension of a private network that encompasses encapsulated, encrypted, andauthenticated links across shared or public networks. VPN connections can provideremote access and routed connections to private networks over the Internet.

VLAN See Virtual local area network

VP Virtual Path

VPI Virtual Path Identifier

VPN See Virtual Private Network

A.23 WWait to Restore Time A period of time that must elapse before a - from a fault recovered - trail/connection can

be used again to transport the normal traffic signal and/or to select the normal trafficsignal from.

Wait-to-Restore A period of time that must elapse from a recovered fault before an LSP/span can be usedagain to transport the normal traffic and/or to select the normal traffic from.

WAN Wide Area Network


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Wander The long-term variations of the significant instants of a digital signal from their idealposition in time (where long-term implies that these variations are of frequency less than10Hz).

washer A washer is a thin flat ring of metal or rubber which is placed over a bolt before the nutis screwed on.

Wavelength DivisionMultiplexing

Wavelength Division Multiplexing. WDM technology utilizes the characteristics ofbroad bandwidth and low attenuation of single mode optical fibre, uses multiplewavelengths as carriers, and allows multiple channels to transmit simultaneously in asingle fibre.

Wavelength protectiongroup

The wavelength protection group is important to describe the wavelength protectionstructure. Its function is similar to that of the protection subnet in the SDH NE. Thewavelength path protection can only work with the correct configuration of thewavelength protection group.

WDM See Wavelength Division Multiplexing

WFQ Weighted Fair Queuing

Winding pipe A tool for fiber routing, which acts as the corrugated pipe.

Working path The channels allocated to transport the normal traffic.

WRED Weighted Random Early Detection

WTR See Wait-to-Restore

WTR See Wait to Restore Time



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