Commander Immunity

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    Recap:

    Power of the executive

    Residual Powers govt always needs to address certain issues

    Power of control v. power of supervision

    o Alter ego

    o Qualified political agency

    o Memorandum, circulars

    Appointment. Commission on appointmentsconfirmation

    Executive Clemency

    President as Commander-in-Chief (sec. 18 art. 7)

    (Calibrated response)

    Call-out the armed forces

    o (presence of rebellion etc. not necessary)

    o Lawless violence

    Suspension of Privilege of writ of habeas corpus

    o (call the person who detained a person,

    o explain the legal ground for his/her detention),

    o not automatic(separate from martial law),

    o incases of rebellion, insurrection, etc (3 days detention) (no need to declare a state of

    rebellion,unnecessary-implied)

    o

    o when the public safety requires it

    Martial law

    o

    (putting the state in military govt,

    o pres acting as commander in chief,

    o powers(executive,legislative and judiciary-military tribunals),

    o 60-day unless extended by congress-first check(congress cant be dissolved),

    o civilian courts and supreme are not also closed- 2ndcheck- determine WON the

    President acted arbitrarily; whether or not there is an actual basis-relied on

    reports{whether or not these reports are true, the SC cannot inquire into}),

    o

    In cases of rebellion, insurrection (no need to declare a state of rebellion,unnecessary-

    implied)

    o

    when the public safety requires it

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    IBP v. Zamora

    Whether or not the president may call out the armed forces(Ordered the Marines to join in the

    patrol of PNP in populated areas ); cases lawlessness and violence-bombings

    Yes, do not need the presence of rebellion for calling out the armed forces-president acting as a chief

    execution(civilian) and commander-in-chief address the lawless ness, no need for a presidential

    proclamation.(marines are just support and under the control of PNP in this case)

    Can be reviewed to determine WON the president acted with abuse of jurisdiction

    David v. Arroyo

    Categories of the power of the president

    Calling out Power (Commander-in-Chief)

    -Qualified, Condition (time limit, review by other branches etc)

    Taking Care power(Civilian President)

    -Faithful Execution-law enforcementrpc

    Emergency Power(Delegated by the Congress)

    -not limited to typhoons/calamities, any national emergency

    -Power of the Congress but delegated to the President; taking over private utilities

    Navales v. Abaya

    Jurisdiction of Courts- depends on the charge

    Violation of Articles of War- Military Court Violation of RPC, Civilian offense- RTCcivilian courts

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    Olaguer v. MC no. 34

    Charged civilians- military courts no jurisdiction over civilians.

    Contracting Foreign Loans

    Constantino v Cuisia

    Buyback Scheme and Bond-conversion (pretermination)

    Sell bonds and buyback loans

    o Nature of loans, not limited to those which are expressed in the the consti

    Signals financial stability

    o Can do so, necessarily implied

    WON the president can delegate the power to contract loans to his alter egos

    o Yes, alter ego, qualified political agency

    Foreign Affairs Power (acting as head of state)

    o

    Vinuya v Romulo

    -Discretion , cannot be reviewed

    o

    PMPF v. Manglapus

    -confidentiality of foreign negotiations- privilege of the president as the head of state

    -cannot be compelled to divulge information

    o Nicolas v. Romulo

    -WON VFA is valid

    Contention, not valid because not ratified by the congress of the US

    -Yes-

    1st

    argument- ratification by U.S congress internal,cannot inquire to the system

    2ndargument- need not be ratified by congress, not a treaty , just implementation of a

    treaty.

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    Comm of Customs- invoice in dollars, not a treaty, just an agreement to implement existing treaties