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Federal Utility Partnership Working Group May 7 - 8, 2014 Virginia Beach, VA
“CHP is the most efficient way of generating power available today.” -American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy
What is Combined Heat & Power (CHP)?
Federal Utility Partnership Working Group May 7 - 8, 2014 Virginia Beach, VA
Over Two-Thirds of the Fuel Used to Generate Power in the U.S. Is Lost as Heat
Bob Slattery Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Federal Utility Partnership Working Group May 7 - 8, 2014 Virginia Beach, VA
Big Picture: Direct Use is Most Efficient… ...so, Distributed Generation Makes Sense
Conventional Generation
Combined Heat and Power 5 MW Natural Gas
Combustion Turbine and Heat Recovery Boiler
51% …OVERALL EFFICIENCY… 75%
147 Units Fuel 100 Units Fuel Combined
Heat & Power (CHP)
30 Units Electricity
45 Units Steam
Power Plant
EFFICIENCY: 33%
Boiler
EFFICIENCY: 80%
Heat Heat
Electricity Electricity
Power Station Fuel (U.S. Fossil Mix) 91 Units Fuel
Boiler Fuel 56 Units Fuel
Federal Utility Partnership Working Group May 7 - 8, 2014 Virginia Beach, VA
Federal Drivers & an Executive Order
Why CHP Now?
Federal Utility Partnership Working Group May 7 - 8, 2014 Virginia Beach, VA
Regulatory Drivers for CHP
Federal Drivers: • EISA 2007 • EPAct 2005 • E.O. 13424 and 13514 Also:
Executive Order of August 2012 Accelerating Investment In Industrial Energy Efficiency
Recognizing the benefits of CHP and its current underutilization as an energy resource in the
United States, the Obama Administration is supporting a new National goal to achieve 40 gigawatts (GW) of new, cost-effective CHP by 2020
Bob Slattery Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Federal Utility Partnership Working Group May 7 - 8, 2014 Virginia Beach, VA
U.S. CHP Generation Capacity Vision
Source: Combined Heat and Power: Effective Energy Solutions for a Sustainable Future Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy
Federal Utility Partnership Working Group May 7 - 8, 2014 Virginia Beach, VA
What are the benefits of CHP to the Federal facility?
• Power resilience
Federal Utility Partnership Working Group May 7 - 8, 2014 Virginia Beach, VA
What are the benefits of CHP to the Federal facility?
“The necessary planning and capability to ensure we have available, reliable, and quality power to continuously accomplish DoD missions from our installations in the face of such disruptions can be described as power resilience.” -John Conger, Acting Deputy Under Secretary of Defense Dec 2013
Federal Utility Partnership Working Group May 7 - 8, 2014 Virginia Beach, VA
What are the benefits of CHP to the Federal facility?
• Power resilience
• Electric grid security
Federal Utility Partnership Working Group May 7 - 8, 2014 Virginia Beach, VA
What are the benefits of CHP to the Federal facility?
One month after The Wall Street Journal revealed that the United States “could suffer a coast-to-coast blackout” if just nine power substations were knocked out, the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources is scheduled to hear testimony on the electric grid’s security and reliability. -Alan Heuhauser (Senate Committee Takes Up Power Grid Security) April 10, 2014
Federal Utility Partnership Working Group May 7 - 8, 2014 Virginia Beach, VA
What are the benefits of CHP to the Federal facility?
• Power resilience
• Electric grid security
• Reduced energy costs
• Stability of energy costs
• Energy efficiency and reduced green house gases
Federal Utility Partnership Working Group May 7 - 8, 2014 Virginia Beach, VA
Natural Gas is the Dominant Fuel for Existing CHP
71% Natural Gas
Coal 15%
Oil 1%
Waste 9%
Wood 2% Other 1%
Biomass 1%
Existing CHP Capacity by Fuel – 82 GW
Source: ICF/CHP Installation Database
Bob Slattery Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Federal Utility Partnership Working Group May 7 - 8, 2014 Virginia Beach, VA
$0
$2
$4
$6
$8
$10
$12
$14
$16
Jan-2002 Jan-2003 Jan-2004 Jan-2005 Jan-2006 Jan-2007 Jan-2008 Jan-2009 Jan-2010 Jan-2011 Jan-2012
Changing Economics: Natural Gas Prices Exceptionally Low
Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration
Between June 2008 and August 2012, Henry Hub natural
gas prices have decreased 78%
Hurricanes Katrina and Rita
2008 Oil Shock
Federal Utility Partnership Working Group May 7 - 8, 2014 Virginia Beach, VA
Natural Gas: American, Abundant, Affordable
Trill
ion
Cubi
c Fe
et
Federal Utility Partnership Working Group May 7 - 8, 2014 Virginia Beach, VA
The Trends in Natural Gas Usage
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Residential Commercial Industrial Power Generation
Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration
% o
f nat
ural
gas
thro
ughp
ut Natural gas use
for power generation has increased 87% in the past 25 years
Federal Utility Partnership Working Group May 7 - 8, 2014 Virginia Beach, VA
Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration
Power Generation Mix
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
180000
200000
1/1/2007 1/1/2008 1/1/2009 1/1/2010 1/1/2011 1/1/2012
Milli
on m
egaw
atts
Coal Natural Gas Other Nuclear Petroleum Products
Federal Utility Partnership Working Group May 7 - 8, 2014 Virginia Beach, VA
Financing Vehicles utilized: • Energy Savings Performance Contracts (ESPC) • Utility Energy Savings Contracts (UESC) • Enhanced Use Lease (EUL)
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
Cap
acity
(MW
) Federal CHP Installations
(2000 - 2012)
ESPC Financed
UESC Financed
EUL Financed
Other
Bob Slattery Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Federal Utility Partnership Working Group May 7 - 8, 2014 Virginia Beach, VA
Thank You