Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Combined and Triple
science
Units examined
Exam dates
Biology paper 1 Tuesday 15th May PM
Chemistry paper 1
Thursday 17th May AM
Physics paper 1 Wednesday 23rd May PM
Biology paper 2 Monday 11th June AM
Chemistry paper 2
Wednesday 13th June AM
Physics paper 2 Friday 15th June AM
Content Page Number
SCIENCE REVISION SESSIONS 2
Getting started checklist 3
Revision ndash Do and Donrsquots 4
Personal target sheet 5
15 different approaches to revision
6 ndash 11
Useful websites and phone applications
12 ndash 14
Answering exam questions 15
SCIENCE EXAM TECHNIQUE 16
Improving memory 17
Common exam mistakes to avoid
18
Last minute revision tips 19
The day of the exam 20
MUST LEARN TRIPLE PHYSICS EQUATIONS AND UNITS
21-22
MUST LEARN COMBINED PHYSICS EQUATIONS AND
UNITS23-24
SCIENCE REVISION SESSIONS
Monday ndash Lunch CHC 43
Tuesday ndash 3pm BRI 42 MAS 41 ALB
43
Wednesday - Lunch CHC 43
Thursday - Lunch DBO 38 Physics
3pm CKE 40
Friday - Lunch BRI 42 Physics (FREE CHIPS)
2
REVISION REVISION AND A BIT MORE REVISION
Revision is often thought as boring and dull so this study guide has been designed to make revision enjoyable by providing you
with1 Revision do and donrsquots 2 15 different approaches to revision 3 A list of useful revision websites4 A list of mobile phonetablet applications that you may find
useful 5 Last minute tips and much much more
RememberRevision is essential if you want to be successful in
your examinations and achieve your potential
Getting started
Before you begin revising you will need to get organised thefollowing is a list of things that you might need
1 A3 and A4 paper ndash coloured blank and lined 2 A folder to keep your notes in 3 Dividers to separate the revision notes in your folder 4 A clock or timer 5 Coloured pens and pencils 6 A drink 7 Your exercise book or notes from your lessons 8 Index cards 9 Post-it notes 10 Determination to succeed
3
Do
Donrsquot
Make yourself a nice work area You need a flat surface with good light Gather up plenty of pens and pencils A ruler scissors glue dictionary and notebook are also useful
Try and do your revision at the same time each day Getting into a routine will make it feel less of a chore
Explain your revision task to a family member and tell them how it follows on from what you studied at school Talking about it will give you some ideas
Eat a healthy snack before settling down to do your revision
Use a variety of resources including the internet There are games that can make revision much more fun than just reading from a textbook
Revise outside the textbook Eg if you are studying Shakespeare watching a play will make it more interesting and reinforce what you have learned at school
Studying with a friend is a good way to share ideas and motivate one another
Dont revise with the TV on Turn it off but listen to music if you find it helps
Dont forget to take a break A 15-20 min break every 90 minutes will refresh your mind Go for a walk have a drink or listen to some music
Dont forget to have a good nights sleep
Donrsquot avoid revising subjects that you donrsquot particularly like
Donrsquot forget that there is life beyond exams and revising
Donrsquot Leave all your revision until the last minute
4
Revise in short bursts 30-40 minutes at a time is the most effective Follow this with short breaks 5-10 minutes
Try not to get stressed out and remember to eat properly Energy drinks are not recomended
Subjects My targetlevelgrade
Exam tips1 Copy this page and put it up somewhere in your house
where you will see it every day to remind you of your target grades
2 Colour your subjects in different colours and then use the same colours for your revision timetable
5
4
1Mindmap
wwwthebraincomWhat is itThis is a simple tool and one that is very useful at the beginning of your revision Write the name of the topic yoursquore revising in the centre circlebubble then simply write down everything you know about it in adjoining circlesbubbles Your ideas do not need to be organised in any way at this point Now consult your notes and add in another level of information to your diagram of the things yoursquove missedforgotten
How could I use itThis mindmap technique is useful as it allows you to easily identify topics your are comfortable with and those that you arenrsquot It allows revision to be structured more easily as you would begin by revising the topics that you forgot about to begin with A method of testing what you have learnt is to repeat the mindmap after revision You should have forgotten less topics
lsquoThe secret of getting ahead is getting startedrsquo ndash Mark Twain
Topic
6
5
2Power Notes
What is itMaking Power Notes is a great place to start when revising Divide an A4 page into about 6 sections numbered down the side When yoursquore looking through your work split it into main areas one for each section Take the time to condense the information into clear simple bullet-point notes Finally underline or highlight key words in a different coloured pen for each section
How could I use itThe process of creating Power Notes makes you think logically about how to divide your topic up into separate sections Using bullet points and coloured key words means that each piece of information stands out and sticks in the mind more easily
Subject Title
1 bull Bullet point notes about 1st main area of topicbull Key words highlighted in colour no 1
2 bull Remember to use colour no 2 for key words in this section
3 bull
What is itThis is similar to a Mind Map in the way it organises information but it uses a lsquotighterrsquo format which some people prefer Write the title of your topic in the central circle then draw another circle around it Divide this into three or four main sub-topics using a different colour for each one Add a third circle around this and divide the sub-topics still further into details
How could I use itA Mandala has many of the useful properties of a Mind Map in that it helps you to pick out and record key information from your topics It provides a clear visual picture of any given subject and is easier to revise than looking at lots of notes
3Spider Diagram
7
6
Topic Title
Sub topic Sub topic
What is itTurn your page so itrsquos in landscape format and write the title of your topic in the centre Decide on how many sub-topics it can be divided into and draw a line out to each one At the end of each line divide the sub-topic into key points You might like to use colours to make your diagram more bold and memorable
How could I use itCreating a Spider Diagram is a great way of revising as it forces you to organise what you know rather than simply copy it out Once itrsquos done you have a neat summary of your topic which can be skimmed over much more quickly than going through all your notes again
4MandalaDiagram
What is itTake a topic and turn your notes into a poster or annotated diagram with lots of illustrations and colour Alternatively create a cartoon strip version of your subject for example describing an event in history or an experiment in science Add speech bubbles and comments to explain whatrsquos going on in each picture
How could I use itOur brains often remember pictures and colours better than words so wersquore only tapping into part of our learning power if we rely on written methods This is likely to be particularly true for people who learn well from visual methods
5Flash Cards
8
7
What is itInstead of writing your notes on pages of paper buy a pack of index cards (available from any stationery shop) and create a set of Flash Cards for each topic Summarise one key concept on each card using highlighter pens to pick out the most important words (or underlining them with felt tips) and illustrate it where possible with a picture
How could I use itThe process of summarising your work into key points is a really effective way of learning Whatrsquos more itrsquos much easier looking through a set of cards than wading through pages of notes ndash so yoursquore creating something that will help you when it gets closer to the exams
6Draw it Posters diagrams amp cartoons
What is itTalking about a topic can really help you to understand it Once yoursquove made your notes you could record yourself reading them out then re-play and listen to this later on Alternatively liven up your revision by turning your notes into a short news-flash or interview
How could I use itFor those of you who learn best by using auditory methods the process of acting or reading aloud will help you to remember the information much more easily
7 Make it Mobiles ampModels
9
8
What is itWhy should all your notes be on paper Try turning them into a completely different form Make a model to demonstrate what yoursquore learning and add labels to explain the different parts Alternatively pick out all the key words and concepts from a particular topic write them onto separate pieces of coloured card and string them together to make a mobile
How could I use itA lot of people find learning easier when theyrsquore making things as opposed simply to reading or writing (We sometimes say these people have a preference for lsquokinaestheticrsquo learning) The process is active and fun and you have an end result that is bound to stick in your mind much more than a page of notes
8Recordyourself
What is itMake a folder of plain sheets of paper one for each subject yoursquore studying This can be done by hand or stored on the computer Whenever yoursquore revising a subject pull out its sheet of paper and add some more questions Remember to note down the answer under each one as well
How could I use itWhile quiet revision is really important a lot of people also learn well by talking things through Towards the end of your revision once your lists of questions are complete ask an adult friend or older brother or sister to quiz you You could have 3 lsquolivesrsquo which you use up whenever you ask for a hint or have to consult your notes
What is itAn old favourite the acrostic method work by linking words and concepts to sentences that will stick in your mind Simply list the words you need to learn then take the first letter of each and think of alternative words that begins with these letters Choose words that link together to make a memorable sentence
How could I use itThis method works particularly well when you have a list to learn eg the planets in the Solar System the names of King Henry VIIIrsquos wives and children or the muscles and bones in the human body An extra advantage is that it helps you to remember things in order- which is sometimes important
9Acrostic Method
10
9
10The Quiz
What is itThis is another version of the Quiz which works in much the same way Buy a pack of blank index cards and use these to create sets of cards for each topic with a question on one side and the answer on the other Vary this sometimes by writing a key word on one side and its definition on the other or make sets for languages with foreign words and their English translation
How could I use itNot only do Question Cards offer a great way of testing yourself (which can be used even if you donrsquot have anyone to work with you) but the process of creating them also helps you learn the material
What is itThis onersquos an absolute winner Find someone (ideally older than you) who is willing to give up some time to be your lsquopupilrsquo then prepare a lsquolessonrsquo in which you will teach a particular topic to them Most importantly encourage them to ask you lots of questions if somethingrsquos not quite clear
How could I use itItrsquos often not until you stand up and try to teach something to someone else that you really come to understand it fully When yoursquore explaining something out loud you canrsquot gloss over those lsquotricky bitsrsquo and you have to be prepared to explain things in several different ways using words that are clear and simple to make sure that your lsquopupilrsquo genuinely understands what yoursquore saying This helps you identify any areas which you havenrsquot understood as well as you thought ndash and these can be followed up with further revision afterwards
11Teach it
11
10
12QuestionCards
12
11
Just try searching in YouTube for the exam board and exams your are studying eg Edexcel combined science or Edexcel
BiologyChemistryPhysics
httpwwwexamtimecom
pupils can create mind maps flashcards and quizzes and revision timetables
wwwbrainscapecom
enables students to make online flashcards that can be downloaded to your phone
or iPod
httpwwwbbccoukschoolsgcsebitesize helps pupils to break down their revision into easy chunks
wwwthebraincom
creates online lsquomind mapsrsquo
httpwwwdocbrowninfo
13
12
REALLY USEFUL
httpwwwtescoukarticleaspxstoryCode=6301212
Has lots of revision tips including a motivational revision booklet games a Jedi Mind Tricks pack etc
This website gives a list of the top 55 educational apps for the ipad
httpwwwteachthoughtcomapps-2the-55-best-best-free-education-apps-for-ipad
CGP Science AppsThese are also pound149 each and are forGCSE science exams They contain over500 different questions and threedifferent game types They also trackyour progress Checkout the websitefor more informationwwwcgpbookscoukapps
14
13
httpsquizletcom
httpwwwdocbrowninfo
1 Scan through all the exam questions
2 Put a mark against all the questions you feel you can answer
3 Read the questions carefully
4 Divide up your time allowing more time for the questions worth more marks
5 Underline or highlight keywords in the question
6 Plan longer answers
7 Use your plan
8 Check your answer against the plan
9 Stick to the point of the question ndash try not to ldquowafflerdquo
10 If you have time re-read your answers and make any necessary corrections
15
Exam technique - Calculation questionsQ1
The photograph shows a man dropping an egg inside a padded box from a height
MOMENTUM = MASS X VELOCITY
P = m x v = 05kg x 18 ms = 9 kg ms
He is investigating to see if the padding stops
the egg from breaking
The velocity of the container was 18 ms as it
hit the floor
The mass of the container was 05 kg
Calculate the momentum of the container
Stage 1
Highlight key information in question
Stage 2
Select correct formula
based upon highlighted information and units ndash (Do
the units need converting)
Stage 3
Write out both the equation
you plan to use and the
calculation you intend to
do
Stage 4
Calculate answer
Stage 5
Double check answer
Stage 6
Write answer WITH UNITS
Q2
In industry sodium carbonate is made from sodium
chloride solution and calcium carbonate in the Solvay
Process
Describe the test to show that calcium carbonate
contains carbonate ions (3 marks)
Exam technique ndash Short answer questions
Stage 1
Highlight key information in
question and look at exam
command word carefully
Stage 2
Think about you learning
that links to key points in
question ndash eg carbonate
ion negative ion tests
for negative ions test for
carbonate ions
Stage 3
Use exam command word
to form answer ndash
lsquoDescribersquo
Stage 4
Carefully construct answer
with number of marks in
mind (3) This should reflect
number of key points given
These questions ask you to link together a series of facts orpieces of information in a logical order Describe questions areoften worth more than one mark ndash make sure you include atleast enough pieces of information to cover the number ofmarks available
When testing for a carbonate ion you first addacid Carbon dioxide gas will then be releasedthat needs to be passed through limewater ndashwhich will turn cloudy
Key points that get marks are underlined and in
bold
17
Chunking as the average person can only hold seven items inshort-term memory grouping items together into chunks canincrease capacity This is generally used for rememberingnumbers (think of how you remember phone numbers bygrouping the seven digits into 2 or 3 chunks) but can be appliedto other listings in various subjects
Repetition Studies indicate that 66 of material is forgotten within seven days if it is not reviewed or recited again by the student Dont make life harder for yourself - build in a brief daily and weekly review of material covered
Application and association The best way to channel material to long-term memory is to organise it into meaningful associations For example if you learn a new formula verb rule try to put it into practice immediately with a relevant example
Use of mnemonics these are various word games which can act as memory aids and which allow personalisation and creativity the colours of the rainbow - Roy G Biv (Richard Of York Gave Battle In Vain to remember red orange yellow green blue indigo violet)
NOT READING THE QUESTIONS
PAPER CORRECTLY
IGNORING HOW MANY MARKS
THERE ARE FOR EACH QUESTION
NOT FINISHING THE PAPER
MISSING PART OF A
QUESTION
Examiners say that this isone of the most regular andfatal errors
Sometimes part of a questioncan be carried onto the nextpage Always take time tofamiliarise yourself with thewhole paper before you startanswering it
Mismanaging your timewithin the exam can easilycost you a full grade Thebiggest exam crime is toleave suitable questionsunattempted
Always take into account how many marks a question is worth and
carefully plan your allocated time Remember to make sure your
answer is worth the marks on offer
ROUGH WORK
Include your rough work with your exam script ndash you
might get some credit for formulae or calculations
Make the point once There are no extra marks for restating facts even if you phrase them differently
REPETITION
18
1 Work SMART This acronym is used in sports psychology but it applies brilliantly to revision Your plans need to be Specific establish what needs to be covered and prioritise the most urgent areas Measurable keep a clear track of what you have done and what remains to be done Adjustable be flexible ndash if yoursquore sick if somebody lsquoborrowsrsquo your textbook whatever gets in the way have some latitude and be ready to make the most of the time you have Realistic aim to do what you can realistically do to the best of your abilities You have limited time and energy Donrsquot spread yourself too thinly Timed schedule lsquopacketsrsquo of quality revision time so you know when you expect to have covered topic X
2 Donrsquot waste timehellip copying notes Instead read each paragraph and then write what you didnrsquot already know in your own words Rephrasing the words reading aloud writing them downhellip the more areas of your brain you exercise in the process the likelier it will be to stick
writing out full practice essays Itrsquos hugely time-consuming and what you need to be sure of is which particular points you would make for any given question Practise planning essays and long-answer questions to make yourself as efficient as possible at that process
grinding to a halt Working for too long without breaks reduces the quality of your work Give yourself time to get some fresh air and stretch
3 Stay Positive Look at the syllabus content to see how much yoursquove coloured or converted to green Remind yourself of how much you actually do know your exam performance will be a pleasant confirmation of your efforts Relax eat well and sleep soundly ndash you will be at your sharpest on the day
4 Make a cheat sheet For a little reassurance the night before the exam make yourself a cheat sheet ndash only a very few essential facts the things that are worrying you on a single postcard You can look over it again before the exam Just remember not to take it into the exam with you
GCSE Only
5 Print out the course content from the syllabus specification You need to be clear on what you know and what you donrsquot The best way to do this is to find the syllabus specification for each exam you are sitting These documents are made freely available by the exam boards Search online for these keywords Board Level Course name amp code and the word ldquoSpecificationrdquohellipeg ldquoAQA GCSE science 4405 specificationrdquo Download the appropriate pages of course content and print them What you will find is a clear distillation of all the information that you are expected to know ndash no waffle just clear instructions ldquoCandidates should recall xrdquo (memorise this) ldquoCandidates should understand yrdquo (do you)
6 Mark your printed syllabus with traffic light colours
Go line by line and in a matter of minutes you will have a priority task list
Green says ldquoI know this Irsquom confident with thisrdquo ndashbe clear on what you already know so you donrsquot waste time on it unnecessarily
Orange says ldquoI should practise this to make sure itrsquos solidrdquo ndash this is the material for which you might look through your textbook and do a few exam-style questions
Red says ldquoI donrsquot know thisrdquo ndash here you need to find your existing notes read the relevant pages in your text book make new notes or ask for help Tackle those priority areas first
19
20
Get a good nights sleepWhile the temptation is to stay up half the night cramming in more facts and
figures the evidence suggests this approach is counter-productive Having a mind that is refreshed alert and ready to respond to circumstances will obviously be
very beneficial
Arrive in plenty of time To perform well on the day you need to be relaxed and to feel in control of the
situation This is difficult to achieve if you have missed breakfast and are stuck on a bus It is a good idea to have 15 minutes quiet timelsquo
Have your equipment readyEach exam has its own requirements Apart from properly functioning pens
pencils rulers etc you may need a calculator for the Maths or Science exam Drawing pencils may be required for diagrams in some subjects A lot of nervous energy can be expended on last-minute hassle if these items arent checked in
advance
Think positiveOn the day of the exam remind yourself of the good things (the material you know well the revision you have completed all the past exam questions done the good
grades achieved) rather than dwelling on areas of weakness
Maintain your focusThere can be a lot of tension drama and hysteria in the air on the days of an
exam You want to keep the balance between maintaining your focus and interacting normally with your friends and classmates Surround yourself with
people who are likely to add to the calm
Beware of post-exam analysisThe more you participate in the exam post-mortem the more confused and
disheartened you are likely to become You cant change what has happened you can only focus on the present and this will need your full attention
Physics equations
Paper 1
Distance = speed X timed = x X t(metres m) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Acceleration = change in velocity divide timea = (v ndash u) divide t(metres per second2 ms2) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Force = mass X accelerationF = m X a(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second2 ms2)
Weight = mass X gravitational field strengthW = m X g(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg)
Momentum = mass X velocityp = m X v(Kilogram metres per second kgms) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Work done = Force X distance moved (in direction of force)
E = F X d(Joule J) (Newton N) (metre m)
Kinetic Energy = frac12 X mass X (speed)2
KE (or Ek) = frac12 X m X V2
(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Gravitational potential energy = mass X gravitational field strength X change in height GPE = m X g X h(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg) (metres m)
Efficiency = useful energy transferred to device divide total energy supplied to the device
Wave speed = frequency X wavelengthv = f X(metres per second ms) (Hertz Hz) (metres m)
Wave speed = distance divide timev = x divide t (metres per second ms) (metres m) (seconds s)
21
Physics equations
Paper 2
Power = Work done divide time taken P = W divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Moment of a force = Force X distance moved in direction of force(Newton metre Nm) (Newton N) (Metre m)
Charge = Current X timeQ = I X t(Coulombs C) (Amps A) (seconds s)
Energy transferred = charge moved X potential differenceE = Q x V(Joules J) (Coulomb C) (Volts V)
potential difference = Current X resistance V = I X R(Volts V) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
Power = Energy transferred divide time taken P = E divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Electrical Power = current X potential differencep = I X v(Watts W) (Amps A) (Volts V)
Electrical Power = current2 X Resistancep = I2 X R(Watts W) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
density = mass divide Volumep = m divide V(Kilograms per metre3 Kgm3) (Kilogram Kg) (metre3 m3)
Force exerted on spring = spring constant X extension F = k X x(Newton N) (Newton metres Nm) (metres m)
Pressure = Force normal to surface divide area of surfaceP = F divide A (Pascal Pa) (Newton N) (metres2 m2)
22
COMBINED Physics equations
Paper 1
Distance = speed X timed = x X t(metres m) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Acceleration = change in velocity divide timea = (v ndash u) divide t(metres per second2 ms2) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Force = mass X accelerationF = m X a(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second2 ms2)
Weight = mass X gravitational field strengthW = m X g(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg)
Momentum = mass X velocityp = m X v(Kilogram metres per second kgms) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Work done = Force X distance moved (in direction of force)
E = F X d(Joule J) (Newton N) (metre m)
Kinetic Energy = frac12 X mass X (speed)2
KE (or Ek) = frac12 X m X V2
(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Gravitational potential energy = mass X gravitational field strength X change in height GPE = m X g X h(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg) (metres m)
Efficiency = useful energy transferred to device divide total energy supplied to the device
Wave speed = frequency X wavelengthv = f X(metres per second ms) (Hertz Hz) (metres m)
Wave speed = distance divide timev = x divide t (metres per second ms) (metres m) (seconds s)
21
COMBINED Physics equations
Paper 2
Power = Work done divide time taken P = W divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Charge = Current X timeQ = I X t(Coulombs C) (Amps A) (seconds s)
Energy transferred = charge moved X potential differenceE = Q x V(Joules J) (Coulomb C) (Volts V)
potential difference = Current X resistance V = I X R(Volts V) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
Power = Energy transferred divide time taken P = E divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Electrical Power = current X potential differencep = I X v(Watts W) (Amps A) (Volts V)
Electrical Power = current2 X Resistancep = I2 X R(Watts W) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
density = mass divide Volumep = m divide V(Kilograms per metre3 Kgm3) (Kilogram Kg) (metre3 m3)
Force exerted on spring = spring constant X extension F = k X x(Newton N) (Newton metres Nm) (metres m)
22
Content Page Number
SCIENCE REVISION SESSIONS 2
Getting started checklist 3
Revision ndash Do and Donrsquots 4
Personal target sheet 5
15 different approaches to revision
6 ndash 11
Useful websites and phone applications
12 ndash 14
Answering exam questions 15
SCIENCE EXAM TECHNIQUE 16
Improving memory 17
Common exam mistakes to avoid
18
Last minute revision tips 19
The day of the exam 20
MUST LEARN TRIPLE PHYSICS EQUATIONS AND UNITS
21-22
MUST LEARN COMBINED PHYSICS EQUATIONS AND
UNITS23-24
SCIENCE REVISION SESSIONS
Monday ndash Lunch CHC 43
Tuesday ndash 3pm BRI 42 MAS 41 ALB
43
Wednesday - Lunch CHC 43
Thursday - Lunch DBO 38 Physics
3pm CKE 40
Friday - Lunch BRI 42 Physics (FREE CHIPS)
2
REVISION REVISION AND A BIT MORE REVISION
Revision is often thought as boring and dull so this study guide has been designed to make revision enjoyable by providing you
with1 Revision do and donrsquots 2 15 different approaches to revision 3 A list of useful revision websites4 A list of mobile phonetablet applications that you may find
useful 5 Last minute tips and much much more
RememberRevision is essential if you want to be successful in
your examinations and achieve your potential
Getting started
Before you begin revising you will need to get organised thefollowing is a list of things that you might need
1 A3 and A4 paper ndash coloured blank and lined 2 A folder to keep your notes in 3 Dividers to separate the revision notes in your folder 4 A clock or timer 5 Coloured pens and pencils 6 A drink 7 Your exercise book or notes from your lessons 8 Index cards 9 Post-it notes 10 Determination to succeed
3
Do
Donrsquot
Make yourself a nice work area You need a flat surface with good light Gather up plenty of pens and pencils A ruler scissors glue dictionary and notebook are also useful
Try and do your revision at the same time each day Getting into a routine will make it feel less of a chore
Explain your revision task to a family member and tell them how it follows on from what you studied at school Talking about it will give you some ideas
Eat a healthy snack before settling down to do your revision
Use a variety of resources including the internet There are games that can make revision much more fun than just reading from a textbook
Revise outside the textbook Eg if you are studying Shakespeare watching a play will make it more interesting and reinforce what you have learned at school
Studying with a friend is a good way to share ideas and motivate one another
Dont revise with the TV on Turn it off but listen to music if you find it helps
Dont forget to take a break A 15-20 min break every 90 minutes will refresh your mind Go for a walk have a drink or listen to some music
Dont forget to have a good nights sleep
Donrsquot avoid revising subjects that you donrsquot particularly like
Donrsquot forget that there is life beyond exams and revising
Donrsquot Leave all your revision until the last minute
4
Revise in short bursts 30-40 minutes at a time is the most effective Follow this with short breaks 5-10 minutes
Try not to get stressed out and remember to eat properly Energy drinks are not recomended
Subjects My targetlevelgrade
Exam tips1 Copy this page and put it up somewhere in your house
where you will see it every day to remind you of your target grades
2 Colour your subjects in different colours and then use the same colours for your revision timetable
5
4
1Mindmap
wwwthebraincomWhat is itThis is a simple tool and one that is very useful at the beginning of your revision Write the name of the topic yoursquore revising in the centre circlebubble then simply write down everything you know about it in adjoining circlesbubbles Your ideas do not need to be organised in any way at this point Now consult your notes and add in another level of information to your diagram of the things yoursquove missedforgotten
How could I use itThis mindmap technique is useful as it allows you to easily identify topics your are comfortable with and those that you arenrsquot It allows revision to be structured more easily as you would begin by revising the topics that you forgot about to begin with A method of testing what you have learnt is to repeat the mindmap after revision You should have forgotten less topics
lsquoThe secret of getting ahead is getting startedrsquo ndash Mark Twain
Topic
6
5
2Power Notes
What is itMaking Power Notes is a great place to start when revising Divide an A4 page into about 6 sections numbered down the side When yoursquore looking through your work split it into main areas one for each section Take the time to condense the information into clear simple bullet-point notes Finally underline or highlight key words in a different coloured pen for each section
How could I use itThe process of creating Power Notes makes you think logically about how to divide your topic up into separate sections Using bullet points and coloured key words means that each piece of information stands out and sticks in the mind more easily
Subject Title
1 bull Bullet point notes about 1st main area of topicbull Key words highlighted in colour no 1
2 bull Remember to use colour no 2 for key words in this section
3 bull
What is itThis is similar to a Mind Map in the way it organises information but it uses a lsquotighterrsquo format which some people prefer Write the title of your topic in the central circle then draw another circle around it Divide this into three or four main sub-topics using a different colour for each one Add a third circle around this and divide the sub-topics still further into details
How could I use itA Mandala has many of the useful properties of a Mind Map in that it helps you to pick out and record key information from your topics It provides a clear visual picture of any given subject and is easier to revise than looking at lots of notes
3Spider Diagram
7
6
Topic Title
Sub topic Sub topic
What is itTurn your page so itrsquos in landscape format and write the title of your topic in the centre Decide on how many sub-topics it can be divided into and draw a line out to each one At the end of each line divide the sub-topic into key points You might like to use colours to make your diagram more bold and memorable
How could I use itCreating a Spider Diagram is a great way of revising as it forces you to organise what you know rather than simply copy it out Once itrsquos done you have a neat summary of your topic which can be skimmed over much more quickly than going through all your notes again
4MandalaDiagram
What is itTake a topic and turn your notes into a poster or annotated diagram with lots of illustrations and colour Alternatively create a cartoon strip version of your subject for example describing an event in history or an experiment in science Add speech bubbles and comments to explain whatrsquos going on in each picture
How could I use itOur brains often remember pictures and colours better than words so wersquore only tapping into part of our learning power if we rely on written methods This is likely to be particularly true for people who learn well from visual methods
5Flash Cards
8
7
What is itInstead of writing your notes on pages of paper buy a pack of index cards (available from any stationery shop) and create a set of Flash Cards for each topic Summarise one key concept on each card using highlighter pens to pick out the most important words (or underlining them with felt tips) and illustrate it where possible with a picture
How could I use itThe process of summarising your work into key points is a really effective way of learning Whatrsquos more itrsquos much easier looking through a set of cards than wading through pages of notes ndash so yoursquore creating something that will help you when it gets closer to the exams
6Draw it Posters diagrams amp cartoons
What is itTalking about a topic can really help you to understand it Once yoursquove made your notes you could record yourself reading them out then re-play and listen to this later on Alternatively liven up your revision by turning your notes into a short news-flash or interview
How could I use itFor those of you who learn best by using auditory methods the process of acting or reading aloud will help you to remember the information much more easily
7 Make it Mobiles ampModels
9
8
What is itWhy should all your notes be on paper Try turning them into a completely different form Make a model to demonstrate what yoursquore learning and add labels to explain the different parts Alternatively pick out all the key words and concepts from a particular topic write them onto separate pieces of coloured card and string them together to make a mobile
How could I use itA lot of people find learning easier when theyrsquore making things as opposed simply to reading or writing (We sometimes say these people have a preference for lsquokinaestheticrsquo learning) The process is active and fun and you have an end result that is bound to stick in your mind much more than a page of notes
8Recordyourself
What is itMake a folder of plain sheets of paper one for each subject yoursquore studying This can be done by hand or stored on the computer Whenever yoursquore revising a subject pull out its sheet of paper and add some more questions Remember to note down the answer under each one as well
How could I use itWhile quiet revision is really important a lot of people also learn well by talking things through Towards the end of your revision once your lists of questions are complete ask an adult friend or older brother or sister to quiz you You could have 3 lsquolivesrsquo which you use up whenever you ask for a hint or have to consult your notes
What is itAn old favourite the acrostic method work by linking words and concepts to sentences that will stick in your mind Simply list the words you need to learn then take the first letter of each and think of alternative words that begins with these letters Choose words that link together to make a memorable sentence
How could I use itThis method works particularly well when you have a list to learn eg the planets in the Solar System the names of King Henry VIIIrsquos wives and children or the muscles and bones in the human body An extra advantage is that it helps you to remember things in order- which is sometimes important
9Acrostic Method
10
9
10The Quiz
What is itThis is another version of the Quiz which works in much the same way Buy a pack of blank index cards and use these to create sets of cards for each topic with a question on one side and the answer on the other Vary this sometimes by writing a key word on one side and its definition on the other or make sets for languages with foreign words and their English translation
How could I use itNot only do Question Cards offer a great way of testing yourself (which can be used even if you donrsquot have anyone to work with you) but the process of creating them also helps you learn the material
What is itThis onersquos an absolute winner Find someone (ideally older than you) who is willing to give up some time to be your lsquopupilrsquo then prepare a lsquolessonrsquo in which you will teach a particular topic to them Most importantly encourage them to ask you lots of questions if somethingrsquos not quite clear
How could I use itItrsquos often not until you stand up and try to teach something to someone else that you really come to understand it fully When yoursquore explaining something out loud you canrsquot gloss over those lsquotricky bitsrsquo and you have to be prepared to explain things in several different ways using words that are clear and simple to make sure that your lsquopupilrsquo genuinely understands what yoursquore saying This helps you identify any areas which you havenrsquot understood as well as you thought ndash and these can be followed up with further revision afterwards
11Teach it
11
10
12QuestionCards
12
11
Just try searching in YouTube for the exam board and exams your are studying eg Edexcel combined science or Edexcel
BiologyChemistryPhysics
httpwwwexamtimecom
pupils can create mind maps flashcards and quizzes and revision timetables
wwwbrainscapecom
enables students to make online flashcards that can be downloaded to your phone
or iPod
httpwwwbbccoukschoolsgcsebitesize helps pupils to break down their revision into easy chunks
wwwthebraincom
creates online lsquomind mapsrsquo
httpwwwdocbrowninfo
13
12
REALLY USEFUL
httpwwwtescoukarticleaspxstoryCode=6301212
Has lots of revision tips including a motivational revision booklet games a Jedi Mind Tricks pack etc
This website gives a list of the top 55 educational apps for the ipad
httpwwwteachthoughtcomapps-2the-55-best-best-free-education-apps-for-ipad
CGP Science AppsThese are also pound149 each and are forGCSE science exams They contain over500 different questions and threedifferent game types They also trackyour progress Checkout the websitefor more informationwwwcgpbookscoukapps
14
13
httpsquizletcom
httpwwwdocbrowninfo
1 Scan through all the exam questions
2 Put a mark against all the questions you feel you can answer
3 Read the questions carefully
4 Divide up your time allowing more time for the questions worth more marks
5 Underline or highlight keywords in the question
6 Plan longer answers
7 Use your plan
8 Check your answer against the plan
9 Stick to the point of the question ndash try not to ldquowafflerdquo
10 If you have time re-read your answers and make any necessary corrections
15
Exam technique - Calculation questionsQ1
The photograph shows a man dropping an egg inside a padded box from a height
MOMENTUM = MASS X VELOCITY
P = m x v = 05kg x 18 ms = 9 kg ms
He is investigating to see if the padding stops
the egg from breaking
The velocity of the container was 18 ms as it
hit the floor
The mass of the container was 05 kg
Calculate the momentum of the container
Stage 1
Highlight key information in question
Stage 2
Select correct formula
based upon highlighted information and units ndash (Do
the units need converting)
Stage 3
Write out both the equation
you plan to use and the
calculation you intend to
do
Stage 4
Calculate answer
Stage 5
Double check answer
Stage 6
Write answer WITH UNITS
Q2
In industry sodium carbonate is made from sodium
chloride solution and calcium carbonate in the Solvay
Process
Describe the test to show that calcium carbonate
contains carbonate ions (3 marks)
Exam technique ndash Short answer questions
Stage 1
Highlight key information in
question and look at exam
command word carefully
Stage 2
Think about you learning
that links to key points in
question ndash eg carbonate
ion negative ion tests
for negative ions test for
carbonate ions
Stage 3
Use exam command word
to form answer ndash
lsquoDescribersquo
Stage 4
Carefully construct answer
with number of marks in
mind (3) This should reflect
number of key points given
These questions ask you to link together a series of facts orpieces of information in a logical order Describe questions areoften worth more than one mark ndash make sure you include atleast enough pieces of information to cover the number ofmarks available
When testing for a carbonate ion you first addacid Carbon dioxide gas will then be releasedthat needs to be passed through limewater ndashwhich will turn cloudy
Key points that get marks are underlined and in
bold
17
Chunking as the average person can only hold seven items inshort-term memory grouping items together into chunks canincrease capacity This is generally used for rememberingnumbers (think of how you remember phone numbers bygrouping the seven digits into 2 or 3 chunks) but can be appliedto other listings in various subjects
Repetition Studies indicate that 66 of material is forgotten within seven days if it is not reviewed or recited again by the student Dont make life harder for yourself - build in a brief daily and weekly review of material covered
Application and association The best way to channel material to long-term memory is to organise it into meaningful associations For example if you learn a new formula verb rule try to put it into practice immediately with a relevant example
Use of mnemonics these are various word games which can act as memory aids and which allow personalisation and creativity the colours of the rainbow - Roy G Biv (Richard Of York Gave Battle In Vain to remember red orange yellow green blue indigo violet)
NOT READING THE QUESTIONS
PAPER CORRECTLY
IGNORING HOW MANY MARKS
THERE ARE FOR EACH QUESTION
NOT FINISHING THE PAPER
MISSING PART OF A
QUESTION
Examiners say that this isone of the most regular andfatal errors
Sometimes part of a questioncan be carried onto the nextpage Always take time tofamiliarise yourself with thewhole paper before you startanswering it
Mismanaging your timewithin the exam can easilycost you a full grade Thebiggest exam crime is toleave suitable questionsunattempted
Always take into account how many marks a question is worth and
carefully plan your allocated time Remember to make sure your
answer is worth the marks on offer
ROUGH WORK
Include your rough work with your exam script ndash you
might get some credit for formulae or calculations
Make the point once There are no extra marks for restating facts even if you phrase them differently
REPETITION
18
1 Work SMART This acronym is used in sports psychology but it applies brilliantly to revision Your plans need to be Specific establish what needs to be covered and prioritise the most urgent areas Measurable keep a clear track of what you have done and what remains to be done Adjustable be flexible ndash if yoursquore sick if somebody lsquoborrowsrsquo your textbook whatever gets in the way have some latitude and be ready to make the most of the time you have Realistic aim to do what you can realistically do to the best of your abilities You have limited time and energy Donrsquot spread yourself too thinly Timed schedule lsquopacketsrsquo of quality revision time so you know when you expect to have covered topic X
2 Donrsquot waste timehellip copying notes Instead read each paragraph and then write what you didnrsquot already know in your own words Rephrasing the words reading aloud writing them downhellip the more areas of your brain you exercise in the process the likelier it will be to stick
writing out full practice essays Itrsquos hugely time-consuming and what you need to be sure of is which particular points you would make for any given question Practise planning essays and long-answer questions to make yourself as efficient as possible at that process
grinding to a halt Working for too long without breaks reduces the quality of your work Give yourself time to get some fresh air and stretch
3 Stay Positive Look at the syllabus content to see how much yoursquove coloured or converted to green Remind yourself of how much you actually do know your exam performance will be a pleasant confirmation of your efforts Relax eat well and sleep soundly ndash you will be at your sharpest on the day
4 Make a cheat sheet For a little reassurance the night before the exam make yourself a cheat sheet ndash only a very few essential facts the things that are worrying you on a single postcard You can look over it again before the exam Just remember not to take it into the exam with you
GCSE Only
5 Print out the course content from the syllabus specification You need to be clear on what you know and what you donrsquot The best way to do this is to find the syllabus specification for each exam you are sitting These documents are made freely available by the exam boards Search online for these keywords Board Level Course name amp code and the word ldquoSpecificationrdquohellipeg ldquoAQA GCSE science 4405 specificationrdquo Download the appropriate pages of course content and print them What you will find is a clear distillation of all the information that you are expected to know ndash no waffle just clear instructions ldquoCandidates should recall xrdquo (memorise this) ldquoCandidates should understand yrdquo (do you)
6 Mark your printed syllabus with traffic light colours
Go line by line and in a matter of minutes you will have a priority task list
Green says ldquoI know this Irsquom confident with thisrdquo ndashbe clear on what you already know so you donrsquot waste time on it unnecessarily
Orange says ldquoI should practise this to make sure itrsquos solidrdquo ndash this is the material for which you might look through your textbook and do a few exam-style questions
Red says ldquoI donrsquot know thisrdquo ndash here you need to find your existing notes read the relevant pages in your text book make new notes or ask for help Tackle those priority areas first
19
20
Get a good nights sleepWhile the temptation is to stay up half the night cramming in more facts and
figures the evidence suggests this approach is counter-productive Having a mind that is refreshed alert and ready to respond to circumstances will obviously be
very beneficial
Arrive in plenty of time To perform well on the day you need to be relaxed and to feel in control of the
situation This is difficult to achieve if you have missed breakfast and are stuck on a bus It is a good idea to have 15 minutes quiet timelsquo
Have your equipment readyEach exam has its own requirements Apart from properly functioning pens
pencils rulers etc you may need a calculator for the Maths or Science exam Drawing pencils may be required for diagrams in some subjects A lot of nervous energy can be expended on last-minute hassle if these items arent checked in
advance
Think positiveOn the day of the exam remind yourself of the good things (the material you know well the revision you have completed all the past exam questions done the good
grades achieved) rather than dwelling on areas of weakness
Maintain your focusThere can be a lot of tension drama and hysteria in the air on the days of an
exam You want to keep the balance between maintaining your focus and interacting normally with your friends and classmates Surround yourself with
people who are likely to add to the calm
Beware of post-exam analysisThe more you participate in the exam post-mortem the more confused and
disheartened you are likely to become You cant change what has happened you can only focus on the present and this will need your full attention
Physics equations
Paper 1
Distance = speed X timed = x X t(metres m) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Acceleration = change in velocity divide timea = (v ndash u) divide t(metres per second2 ms2) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Force = mass X accelerationF = m X a(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second2 ms2)
Weight = mass X gravitational field strengthW = m X g(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg)
Momentum = mass X velocityp = m X v(Kilogram metres per second kgms) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Work done = Force X distance moved (in direction of force)
E = F X d(Joule J) (Newton N) (metre m)
Kinetic Energy = frac12 X mass X (speed)2
KE (or Ek) = frac12 X m X V2
(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Gravitational potential energy = mass X gravitational field strength X change in height GPE = m X g X h(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg) (metres m)
Efficiency = useful energy transferred to device divide total energy supplied to the device
Wave speed = frequency X wavelengthv = f X(metres per second ms) (Hertz Hz) (metres m)
Wave speed = distance divide timev = x divide t (metres per second ms) (metres m) (seconds s)
21
Physics equations
Paper 2
Power = Work done divide time taken P = W divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Moment of a force = Force X distance moved in direction of force(Newton metre Nm) (Newton N) (Metre m)
Charge = Current X timeQ = I X t(Coulombs C) (Amps A) (seconds s)
Energy transferred = charge moved X potential differenceE = Q x V(Joules J) (Coulomb C) (Volts V)
potential difference = Current X resistance V = I X R(Volts V) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
Power = Energy transferred divide time taken P = E divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Electrical Power = current X potential differencep = I X v(Watts W) (Amps A) (Volts V)
Electrical Power = current2 X Resistancep = I2 X R(Watts W) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
density = mass divide Volumep = m divide V(Kilograms per metre3 Kgm3) (Kilogram Kg) (metre3 m3)
Force exerted on spring = spring constant X extension F = k X x(Newton N) (Newton metres Nm) (metres m)
Pressure = Force normal to surface divide area of surfaceP = F divide A (Pascal Pa) (Newton N) (metres2 m2)
22
COMBINED Physics equations
Paper 1
Distance = speed X timed = x X t(metres m) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Acceleration = change in velocity divide timea = (v ndash u) divide t(metres per second2 ms2) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Force = mass X accelerationF = m X a(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second2 ms2)
Weight = mass X gravitational field strengthW = m X g(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg)
Momentum = mass X velocityp = m X v(Kilogram metres per second kgms) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Work done = Force X distance moved (in direction of force)
E = F X d(Joule J) (Newton N) (metre m)
Kinetic Energy = frac12 X mass X (speed)2
KE (or Ek) = frac12 X m X V2
(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Gravitational potential energy = mass X gravitational field strength X change in height GPE = m X g X h(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg) (metres m)
Efficiency = useful energy transferred to device divide total energy supplied to the device
Wave speed = frequency X wavelengthv = f X(metres per second ms) (Hertz Hz) (metres m)
Wave speed = distance divide timev = x divide t (metres per second ms) (metres m) (seconds s)
21
COMBINED Physics equations
Paper 2
Power = Work done divide time taken P = W divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Charge = Current X timeQ = I X t(Coulombs C) (Amps A) (seconds s)
Energy transferred = charge moved X potential differenceE = Q x V(Joules J) (Coulomb C) (Volts V)
potential difference = Current X resistance V = I X R(Volts V) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
Power = Energy transferred divide time taken P = E divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Electrical Power = current X potential differencep = I X v(Watts W) (Amps A) (Volts V)
Electrical Power = current2 X Resistancep = I2 X R(Watts W) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
density = mass divide Volumep = m divide V(Kilograms per metre3 Kgm3) (Kilogram Kg) (metre3 m3)
Force exerted on spring = spring constant X extension F = k X x(Newton N) (Newton metres Nm) (metres m)
22
SCIENCE REVISION SESSIONS
Monday ndash Lunch CHC 43
Tuesday ndash 3pm BRI 42 MAS 41 ALB
43
Wednesday - Lunch CHC 43
Thursday - Lunch DBO 38 Physics
3pm CKE 40
Friday - Lunch BRI 42 Physics (FREE CHIPS)
2
REVISION REVISION AND A BIT MORE REVISION
Revision is often thought as boring and dull so this study guide has been designed to make revision enjoyable by providing you
with1 Revision do and donrsquots 2 15 different approaches to revision 3 A list of useful revision websites4 A list of mobile phonetablet applications that you may find
useful 5 Last minute tips and much much more
RememberRevision is essential if you want to be successful in
your examinations and achieve your potential
Getting started
Before you begin revising you will need to get organised thefollowing is a list of things that you might need
1 A3 and A4 paper ndash coloured blank and lined 2 A folder to keep your notes in 3 Dividers to separate the revision notes in your folder 4 A clock or timer 5 Coloured pens and pencils 6 A drink 7 Your exercise book or notes from your lessons 8 Index cards 9 Post-it notes 10 Determination to succeed
3
Do
Donrsquot
Make yourself a nice work area You need a flat surface with good light Gather up plenty of pens and pencils A ruler scissors glue dictionary and notebook are also useful
Try and do your revision at the same time each day Getting into a routine will make it feel less of a chore
Explain your revision task to a family member and tell them how it follows on from what you studied at school Talking about it will give you some ideas
Eat a healthy snack before settling down to do your revision
Use a variety of resources including the internet There are games that can make revision much more fun than just reading from a textbook
Revise outside the textbook Eg if you are studying Shakespeare watching a play will make it more interesting and reinforce what you have learned at school
Studying with a friend is a good way to share ideas and motivate one another
Dont revise with the TV on Turn it off but listen to music if you find it helps
Dont forget to take a break A 15-20 min break every 90 minutes will refresh your mind Go for a walk have a drink or listen to some music
Dont forget to have a good nights sleep
Donrsquot avoid revising subjects that you donrsquot particularly like
Donrsquot forget that there is life beyond exams and revising
Donrsquot Leave all your revision until the last minute
4
Revise in short bursts 30-40 minutes at a time is the most effective Follow this with short breaks 5-10 minutes
Try not to get stressed out and remember to eat properly Energy drinks are not recomended
Subjects My targetlevelgrade
Exam tips1 Copy this page and put it up somewhere in your house
where you will see it every day to remind you of your target grades
2 Colour your subjects in different colours and then use the same colours for your revision timetable
5
4
1Mindmap
wwwthebraincomWhat is itThis is a simple tool and one that is very useful at the beginning of your revision Write the name of the topic yoursquore revising in the centre circlebubble then simply write down everything you know about it in adjoining circlesbubbles Your ideas do not need to be organised in any way at this point Now consult your notes and add in another level of information to your diagram of the things yoursquove missedforgotten
How could I use itThis mindmap technique is useful as it allows you to easily identify topics your are comfortable with and those that you arenrsquot It allows revision to be structured more easily as you would begin by revising the topics that you forgot about to begin with A method of testing what you have learnt is to repeat the mindmap after revision You should have forgotten less topics
lsquoThe secret of getting ahead is getting startedrsquo ndash Mark Twain
Topic
6
5
2Power Notes
What is itMaking Power Notes is a great place to start when revising Divide an A4 page into about 6 sections numbered down the side When yoursquore looking through your work split it into main areas one for each section Take the time to condense the information into clear simple bullet-point notes Finally underline or highlight key words in a different coloured pen for each section
How could I use itThe process of creating Power Notes makes you think logically about how to divide your topic up into separate sections Using bullet points and coloured key words means that each piece of information stands out and sticks in the mind more easily
Subject Title
1 bull Bullet point notes about 1st main area of topicbull Key words highlighted in colour no 1
2 bull Remember to use colour no 2 for key words in this section
3 bull
What is itThis is similar to a Mind Map in the way it organises information but it uses a lsquotighterrsquo format which some people prefer Write the title of your topic in the central circle then draw another circle around it Divide this into three or four main sub-topics using a different colour for each one Add a third circle around this and divide the sub-topics still further into details
How could I use itA Mandala has many of the useful properties of a Mind Map in that it helps you to pick out and record key information from your topics It provides a clear visual picture of any given subject and is easier to revise than looking at lots of notes
3Spider Diagram
7
6
Topic Title
Sub topic Sub topic
What is itTurn your page so itrsquos in landscape format and write the title of your topic in the centre Decide on how many sub-topics it can be divided into and draw a line out to each one At the end of each line divide the sub-topic into key points You might like to use colours to make your diagram more bold and memorable
How could I use itCreating a Spider Diagram is a great way of revising as it forces you to organise what you know rather than simply copy it out Once itrsquos done you have a neat summary of your topic which can be skimmed over much more quickly than going through all your notes again
4MandalaDiagram
What is itTake a topic and turn your notes into a poster or annotated diagram with lots of illustrations and colour Alternatively create a cartoon strip version of your subject for example describing an event in history or an experiment in science Add speech bubbles and comments to explain whatrsquos going on in each picture
How could I use itOur brains often remember pictures and colours better than words so wersquore only tapping into part of our learning power if we rely on written methods This is likely to be particularly true for people who learn well from visual methods
5Flash Cards
8
7
What is itInstead of writing your notes on pages of paper buy a pack of index cards (available from any stationery shop) and create a set of Flash Cards for each topic Summarise one key concept on each card using highlighter pens to pick out the most important words (or underlining them with felt tips) and illustrate it where possible with a picture
How could I use itThe process of summarising your work into key points is a really effective way of learning Whatrsquos more itrsquos much easier looking through a set of cards than wading through pages of notes ndash so yoursquore creating something that will help you when it gets closer to the exams
6Draw it Posters diagrams amp cartoons
What is itTalking about a topic can really help you to understand it Once yoursquove made your notes you could record yourself reading them out then re-play and listen to this later on Alternatively liven up your revision by turning your notes into a short news-flash or interview
How could I use itFor those of you who learn best by using auditory methods the process of acting or reading aloud will help you to remember the information much more easily
7 Make it Mobiles ampModels
9
8
What is itWhy should all your notes be on paper Try turning them into a completely different form Make a model to demonstrate what yoursquore learning and add labels to explain the different parts Alternatively pick out all the key words and concepts from a particular topic write them onto separate pieces of coloured card and string them together to make a mobile
How could I use itA lot of people find learning easier when theyrsquore making things as opposed simply to reading or writing (We sometimes say these people have a preference for lsquokinaestheticrsquo learning) The process is active and fun and you have an end result that is bound to stick in your mind much more than a page of notes
8Recordyourself
What is itMake a folder of plain sheets of paper one for each subject yoursquore studying This can be done by hand or stored on the computer Whenever yoursquore revising a subject pull out its sheet of paper and add some more questions Remember to note down the answer under each one as well
How could I use itWhile quiet revision is really important a lot of people also learn well by talking things through Towards the end of your revision once your lists of questions are complete ask an adult friend or older brother or sister to quiz you You could have 3 lsquolivesrsquo which you use up whenever you ask for a hint or have to consult your notes
What is itAn old favourite the acrostic method work by linking words and concepts to sentences that will stick in your mind Simply list the words you need to learn then take the first letter of each and think of alternative words that begins with these letters Choose words that link together to make a memorable sentence
How could I use itThis method works particularly well when you have a list to learn eg the planets in the Solar System the names of King Henry VIIIrsquos wives and children or the muscles and bones in the human body An extra advantage is that it helps you to remember things in order- which is sometimes important
9Acrostic Method
10
9
10The Quiz
What is itThis is another version of the Quiz which works in much the same way Buy a pack of blank index cards and use these to create sets of cards for each topic with a question on one side and the answer on the other Vary this sometimes by writing a key word on one side and its definition on the other or make sets for languages with foreign words and their English translation
How could I use itNot only do Question Cards offer a great way of testing yourself (which can be used even if you donrsquot have anyone to work with you) but the process of creating them also helps you learn the material
What is itThis onersquos an absolute winner Find someone (ideally older than you) who is willing to give up some time to be your lsquopupilrsquo then prepare a lsquolessonrsquo in which you will teach a particular topic to them Most importantly encourage them to ask you lots of questions if somethingrsquos not quite clear
How could I use itItrsquos often not until you stand up and try to teach something to someone else that you really come to understand it fully When yoursquore explaining something out loud you canrsquot gloss over those lsquotricky bitsrsquo and you have to be prepared to explain things in several different ways using words that are clear and simple to make sure that your lsquopupilrsquo genuinely understands what yoursquore saying This helps you identify any areas which you havenrsquot understood as well as you thought ndash and these can be followed up with further revision afterwards
11Teach it
11
10
12QuestionCards
12
11
Just try searching in YouTube for the exam board and exams your are studying eg Edexcel combined science or Edexcel
BiologyChemistryPhysics
httpwwwexamtimecom
pupils can create mind maps flashcards and quizzes and revision timetables
wwwbrainscapecom
enables students to make online flashcards that can be downloaded to your phone
or iPod
httpwwwbbccoukschoolsgcsebitesize helps pupils to break down their revision into easy chunks
wwwthebraincom
creates online lsquomind mapsrsquo
httpwwwdocbrowninfo
13
12
REALLY USEFUL
httpwwwtescoukarticleaspxstoryCode=6301212
Has lots of revision tips including a motivational revision booklet games a Jedi Mind Tricks pack etc
This website gives a list of the top 55 educational apps for the ipad
httpwwwteachthoughtcomapps-2the-55-best-best-free-education-apps-for-ipad
CGP Science AppsThese are also pound149 each and are forGCSE science exams They contain over500 different questions and threedifferent game types They also trackyour progress Checkout the websitefor more informationwwwcgpbookscoukapps
14
13
httpsquizletcom
httpwwwdocbrowninfo
1 Scan through all the exam questions
2 Put a mark against all the questions you feel you can answer
3 Read the questions carefully
4 Divide up your time allowing more time for the questions worth more marks
5 Underline or highlight keywords in the question
6 Plan longer answers
7 Use your plan
8 Check your answer against the plan
9 Stick to the point of the question ndash try not to ldquowafflerdquo
10 If you have time re-read your answers and make any necessary corrections
15
Exam technique - Calculation questionsQ1
The photograph shows a man dropping an egg inside a padded box from a height
MOMENTUM = MASS X VELOCITY
P = m x v = 05kg x 18 ms = 9 kg ms
He is investigating to see if the padding stops
the egg from breaking
The velocity of the container was 18 ms as it
hit the floor
The mass of the container was 05 kg
Calculate the momentum of the container
Stage 1
Highlight key information in question
Stage 2
Select correct formula
based upon highlighted information and units ndash (Do
the units need converting)
Stage 3
Write out both the equation
you plan to use and the
calculation you intend to
do
Stage 4
Calculate answer
Stage 5
Double check answer
Stage 6
Write answer WITH UNITS
Q2
In industry sodium carbonate is made from sodium
chloride solution and calcium carbonate in the Solvay
Process
Describe the test to show that calcium carbonate
contains carbonate ions (3 marks)
Exam technique ndash Short answer questions
Stage 1
Highlight key information in
question and look at exam
command word carefully
Stage 2
Think about you learning
that links to key points in
question ndash eg carbonate
ion negative ion tests
for negative ions test for
carbonate ions
Stage 3
Use exam command word
to form answer ndash
lsquoDescribersquo
Stage 4
Carefully construct answer
with number of marks in
mind (3) This should reflect
number of key points given
These questions ask you to link together a series of facts orpieces of information in a logical order Describe questions areoften worth more than one mark ndash make sure you include atleast enough pieces of information to cover the number ofmarks available
When testing for a carbonate ion you first addacid Carbon dioxide gas will then be releasedthat needs to be passed through limewater ndashwhich will turn cloudy
Key points that get marks are underlined and in
bold
17
Chunking as the average person can only hold seven items inshort-term memory grouping items together into chunks canincrease capacity This is generally used for rememberingnumbers (think of how you remember phone numbers bygrouping the seven digits into 2 or 3 chunks) but can be appliedto other listings in various subjects
Repetition Studies indicate that 66 of material is forgotten within seven days if it is not reviewed or recited again by the student Dont make life harder for yourself - build in a brief daily and weekly review of material covered
Application and association The best way to channel material to long-term memory is to organise it into meaningful associations For example if you learn a new formula verb rule try to put it into practice immediately with a relevant example
Use of mnemonics these are various word games which can act as memory aids and which allow personalisation and creativity the colours of the rainbow - Roy G Biv (Richard Of York Gave Battle In Vain to remember red orange yellow green blue indigo violet)
NOT READING THE QUESTIONS
PAPER CORRECTLY
IGNORING HOW MANY MARKS
THERE ARE FOR EACH QUESTION
NOT FINISHING THE PAPER
MISSING PART OF A
QUESTION
Examiners say that this isone of the most regular andfatal errors
Sometimes part of a questioncan be carried onto the nextpage Always take time tofamiliarise yourself with thewhole paper before you startanswering it
Mismanaging your timewithin the exam can easilycost you a full grade Thebiggest exam crime is toleave suitable questionsunattempted
Always take into account how many marks a question is worth and
carefully plan your allocated time Remember to make sure your
answer is worth the marks on offer
ROUGH WORK
Include your rough work with your exam script ndash you
might get some credit for formulae or calculations
Make the point once There are no extra marks for restating facts even if you phrase them differently
REPETITION
18
1 Work SMART This acronym is used in sports psychology but it applies brilliantly to revision Your plans need to be Specific establish what needs to be covered and prioritise the most urgent areas Measurable keep a clear track of what you have done and what remains to be done Adjustable be flexible ndash if yoursquore sick if somebody lsquoborrowsrsquo your textbook whatever gets in the way have some latitude and be ready to make the most of the time you have Realistic aim to do what you can realistically do to the best of your abilities You have limited time and energy Donrsquot spread yourself too thinly Timed schedule lsquopacketsrsquo of quality revision time so you know when you expect to have covered topic X
2 Donrsquot waste timehellip copying notes Instead read each paragraph and then write what you didnrsquot already know in your own words Rephrasing the words reading aloud writing them downhellip the more areas of your brain you exercise in the process the likelier it will be to stick
writing out full practice essays Itrsquos hugely time-consuming and what you need to be sure of is which particular points you would make for any given question Practise planning essays and long-answer questions to make yourself as efficient as possible at that process
grinding to a halt Working for too long without breaks reduces the quality of your work Give yourself time to get some fresh air and stretch
3 Stay Positive Look at the syllabus content to see how much yoursquove coloured or converted to green Remind yourself of how much you actually do know your exam performance will be a pleasant confirmation of your efforts Relax eat well and sleep soundly ndash you will be at your sharpest on the day
4 Make a cheat sheet For a little reassurance the night before the exam make yourself a cheat sheet ndash only a very few essential facts the things that are worrying you on a single postcard You can look over it again before the exam Just remember not to take it into the exam with you
GCSE Only
5 Print out the course content from the syllabus specification You need to be clear on what you know and what you donrsquot The best way to do this is to find the syllabus specification for each exam you are sitting These documents are made freely available by the exam boards Search online for these keywords Board Level Course name amp code and the word ldquoSpecificationrdquohellipeg ldquoAQA GCSE science 4405 specificationrdquo Download the appropriate pages of course content and print them What you will find is a clear distillation of all the information that you are expected to know ndash no waffle just clear instructions ldquoCandidates should recall xrdquo (memorise this) ldquoCandidates should understand yrdquo (do you)
6 Mark your printed syllabus with traffic light colours
Go line by line and in a matter of minutes you will have a priority task list
Green says ldquoI know this Irsquom confident with thisrdquo ndashbe clear on what you already know so you donrsquot waste time on it unnecessarily
Orange says ldquoI should practise this to make sure itrsquos solidrdquo ndash this is the material for which you might look through your textbook and do a few exam-style questions
Red says ldquoI donrsquot know thisrdquo ndash here you need to find your existing notes read the relevant pages in your text book make new notes or ask for help Tackle those priority areas first
19
20
Get a good nights sleepWhile the temptation is to stay up half the night cramming in more facts and
figures the evidence suggests this approach is counter-productive Having a mind that is refreshed alert and ready to respond to circumstances will obviously be
very beneficial
Arrive in plenty of time To perform well on the day you need to be relaxed and to feel in control of the
situation This is difficult to achieve if you have missed breakfast and are stuck on a bus It is a good idea to have 15 minutes quiet timelsquo
Have your equipment readyEach exam has its own requirements Apart from properly functioning pens
pencils rulers etc you may need a calculator for the Maths or Science exam Drawing pencils may be required for diagrams in some subjects A lot of nervous energy can be expended on last-minute hassle if these items arent checked in
advance
Think positiveOn the day of the exam remind yourself of the good things (the material you know well the revision you have completed all the past exam questions done the good
grades achieved) rather than dwelling on areas of weakness
Maintain your focusThere can be a lot of tension drama and hysteria in the air on the days of an
exam You want to keep the balance between maintaining your focus and interacting normally with your friends and classmates Surround yourself with
people who are likely to add to the calm
Beware of post-exam analysisThe more you participate in the exam post-mortem the more confused and
disheartened you are likely to become You cant change what has happened you can only focus on the present and this will need your full attention
Physics equations
Paper 1
Distance = speed X timed = x X t(metres m) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Acceleration = change in velocity divide timea = (v ndash u) divide t(metres per second2 ms2) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Force = mass X accelerationF = m X a(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second2 ms2)
Weight = mass X gravitational field strengthW = m X g(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg)
Momentum = mass X velocityp = m X v(Kilogram metres per second kgms) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Work done = Force X distance moved (in direction of force)
E = F X d(Joule J) (Newton N) (metre m)
Kinetic Energy = frac12 X mass X (speed)2
KE (or Ek) = frac12 X m X V2
(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Gravitational potential energy = mass X gravitational field strength X change in height GPE = m X g X h(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg) (metres m)
Efficiency = useful energy transferred to device divide total energy supplied to the device
Wave speed = frequency X wavelengthv = f X(metres per second ms) (Hertz Hz) (metres m)
Wave speed = distance divide timev = x divide t (metres per second ms) (metres m) (seconds s)
21
Physics equations
Paper 2
Power = Work done divide time taken P = W divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Moment of a force = Force X distance moved in direction of force(Newton metre Nm) (Newton N) (Metre m)
Charge = Current X timeQ = I X t(Coulombs C) (Amps A) (seconds s)
Energy transferred = charge moved X potential differenceE = Q x V(Joules J) (Coulomb C) (Volts V)
potential difference = Current X resistance V = I X R(Volts V) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
Power = Energy transferred divide time taken P = E divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Electrical Power = current X potential differencep = I X v(Watts W) (Amps A) (Volts V)
Electrical Power = current2 X Resistancep = I2 X R(Watts W) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
density = mass divide Volumep = m divide V(Kilograms per metre3 Kgm3) (Kilogram Kg) (metre3 m3)
Force exerted on spring = spring constant X extension F = k X x(Newton N) (Newton metres Nm) (metres m)
Pressure = Force normal to surface divide area of surfaceP = F divide A (Pascal Pa) (Newton N) (metres2 m2)
22
COMBINED Physics equations
Paper 1
Distance = speed X timed = x X t(metres m) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Acceleration = change in velocity divide timea = (v ndash u) divide t(metres per second2 ms2) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Force = mass X accelerationF = m X a(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second2 ms2)
Weight = mass X gravitational field strengthW = m X g(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg)
Momentum = mass X velocityp = m X v(Kilogram metres per second kgms) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Work done = Force X distance moved (in direction of force)
E = F X d(Joule J) (Newton N) (metre m)
Kinetic Energy = frac12 X mass X (speed)2
KE (or Ek) = frac12 X m X V2
(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Gravitational potential energy = mass X gravitational field strength X change in height GPE = m X g X h(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg) (metres m)
Efficiency = useful energy transferred to device divide total energy supplied to the device
Wave speed = frequency X wavelengthv = f X(metres per second ms) (Hertz Hz) (metres m)
Wave speed = distance divide timev = x divide t (metres per second ms) (metres m) (seconds s)
21
COMBINED Physics equations
Paper 2
Power = Work done divide time taken P = W divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Charge = Current X timeQ = I X t(Coulombs C) (Amps A) (seconds s)
Energy transferred = charge moved X potential differenceE = Q x V(Joules J) (Coulomb C) (Volts V)
potential difference = Current X resistance V = I X R(Volts V) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
Power = Energy transferred divide time taken P = E divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Electrical Power = current X potential differencep = I X v(Watts W) (Amps A) (Volts V)
Electrical Power = current2 X Resistancep = I2 X R(Watts W) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
density = mass divide Volumep = m divide V(Kilograms per metre3 Kgm3) (Kilogram Kg) (metre3 m3)
Force exerted on spring = spring constant X extension F = k X x(Newton N) (Newton metres Nm) (metres m)
22
REVISION REVISION AND A BIT MORE REVISION
Revision is often thought as boring and dull so this study guide has been designed to make revision enjoyable by providing you
with1 Revision do and donrsquots 2 15 different approaches to revision 3 A list of useful revision websites4 A list of mobile phonetablet applications that you may find
useful 5 Last minute tips and much much more
RememberRevision is essential if you want to be successful in
your examinations and achieve your potential
Getting started
Before you begin revising you will need to get organised thefollowing is a list of things that you might need
1 A3 and A4 paper ndash coloured blank and lined 2 A folder to keep your notes in 3 Dividers to separate the revision notes in your folder 4 A clock or timer 5 Coloured pens and pencils 6 A drink 7 Your exercise book or notes from your lessons 8 Index cards 9 Post-it notes 10 Determination to succeed
3
Do
Donrsquot
Make yourself a nice work area You need a flat surface with good light Gather up plenty of pens and pencils A ruler scissors glue dictionary and notebook are also useful
Try and do your revision at the same time each day Getting into a routine will make it feel less of a chore
Explain your revision task to a family member and tell them how it follows on from what you studied at school Talking about it will give you some ideas
Eat a healthy snack before settling down to do your revision
Use a variety of resources including the internet There are games that can make revision much more fun than just reading from a textbook
Revise outside the textbook Eg if you are studying Shakespeare watching a play will make it more interesting and reinforce what you have learned at school
Studying with a friend is a good way to share ideas and motivate one another
Dont revise with the TV on Turn it off but listen to music if you find it helps
Dont forget to take a break A 15-20 min break every 90 minutes will refresh your mind Go for a walk have a drink or listen to some music
Dont forget to have a good nights sleep
Donrsquot avoid revising subjects that you donrsquot particularly like
Donrsquot forget that there is life beyond exams and revising
Donrsquot Leave all your revision until the last minute
4
Revise in short bursts 30-40 minutes at a time is the most effective Follow this with short breaks 5-10 minutes
Try not to get stressed out and remember to eat properly Energy drinks are not recomended
Subjects My targetlevelgrade
Exam tips1 Copy this page and put it up somewhere in your house
where you will see it every day to remind you of your target grades
2 Colour your subjects in different colours and then use the same colours for your revision timetable
5
4
1Mindmap
wwwthebraincomWhat is itThis is a simple tool and one that is very useful at the beginning of your revision Write the name of the topic yoursquore revising in the centre circlebubble then simply write down everything you know about it in adjoining circlesbubbles Your ideas do not need to be organised in any way at this point Now consult your notes and add in another level of information to your diagram of the things yoursquove missedforgotten
How could I use itThis mindmap technique is useful as it allows you to easily identify topics your are comfortable with and those that you arenrsquot It allows revision to be structured more easily as you would begin by revising the topics that you forgot about to begin with A method of testing what you have learnt is to repeat the mindmap after revision You should have forgotten less topics
lsquoThe secret of getting ahead is getting startedrsquo ndash Mark Twain
Topic
6
5
2Power Notes
What is itMaking Power Notes is a great place to start when revising Divide an A4 page into about 6 sections numbered down the side When yoursquore looking through your work split it into main areas one for each section Take the time to condense the information into clear simple bullet-point notes Finally underline or highlight key words in a different coloured pen for each section
How could I use itThe process of creating Power Notes makes you think logically about how to divide your topic up into separate sections Using bullet points and coloured key words means that each piece of information stands out and sticks in the mind more easily
Subject Title
1 bull Bullet point notes about 1st main area of topicbull Key words highlighted in colour no 1
2 bull Remember to use colour no 2 for key words in this section
3 bull
What is itThis is similar to a Mind Map in the way it organises information but it uses a lsquotighterrsquo format which some people prefer Write the title of your topic in the central circle then draw another circle around it Divide this into three or four main sub-topics using a different colour for each one Add a third circle around this and divide the sub-topics still further into details
How could I use itA Mandala has many of the useful properties of a Mind Map in that it helps you to pick out and record key information from your topics It provides a clear visual picture of any given subject and is easier to revise than looking at lots of notes
3Spider Diagram
7
6
Topic Title
Sub topic Sub topic
What is itTurn your page so itrsquos in landscape format and write the title of your topic in the centre Decide on how many sub-topics it can be divided into and draw a line out to each one At the end of each line divide the sub-topic into key points You might like to use colours to make your diagram more bold and memorable
How could I use itCreating a Spider Diagram is a great way of revising as it forces you to organise what you know rather than simply copy it out Once itrsquos done you have a neat summary of your topic which can be skimmed over much more quickly than going through all your notes again
4MandalaDiagram
What is itTake a topic and turn your notes into a poster or annotated diagram with lots of illustrations and colour Alternatively create a cartoon strip version of your subject for example describing an event in history or an experiment in science Add speech bubbles and comments to explain whatrsquos going on in each picture
How could I use itOur brains often remember pictures and colours better than words so wersquore only tapping into part of our learning power if we rely on written methods This is likely to be particularly true for people who learn well from visual methods
5Flash Cards
8
7
What is itInstead of writing your notes on pages of paper buy a pack of index cards (available from any stationery shop) and create a set of Flash Cards for each topic Summarise one key concept on each card using highlighter pens to pick out the most important words (or underlining them with felt tips) and illustrate it where possible with a picture
How could I use itThe process of summarising your work into key points is a really effective way of learning Whatrsquos more itrsquos much easier looking through a set of cards than wading through pages of notes ndash so yoursquore creating something that will help you when it gets closer to the exams
6Draw it Posters diagrams amp cartoons
What is itTalking about a topic can really help you to understand it Once yoursquove made your notes you could record yourself reading them out then re-play and listen to this later on Alternatively liven up your revision by turning your notes into a short news-flash or interview
How could I use itFor those of you who learn best by using auditory methods the process of acting or reading aloud will help you to remember the information much more easily
7 Make it Mobiles ampModels
9
8
What is itWhy should all your notes be on paper Try turning them into a completely different form Make a model to demonstrate what yoursquore learning and add labels to explain the different parts Alternatively pick out all the key words and concepts from a particular topic write them onto separate pieces of coloured card and string them together to make a mobile
How could I use itA lot of people find learning easier when theyrsquore making things as opposed simply to reading or writing (We sometimes say these people have a preference for lsquokinaestheticrsquo learning) The process is active and fun and you have an end result that is bound to stick in your mind much more than a page of notes
8Recordyourself
What is itMake a folder of plain sheets of paper one for each subject yoursquore studying This can be done by hand or stored on the computer Whenever yoursquore revising a subject pull out its sheet of paper and add some more questions Remember to note down the answer under each one as well
How could I use itWhile quiet revision is really important a lot of people also learn well by talking things through Towards the end of your revision once your lists of questions are complete ask an adult friend or older brother or sister to quiz you You could have 3 lsquolivesrsquo which you use up whenever you ask for a hint or have to consult your notes
What is itAn old favourite the acrostic method work by linking words and concepts to sentences that will stick in your mind Simply list the words you need to learn then take the first letter of each and think of alternative words that begins with these letters Choose words that link together to make a memorable sentence
How could I use itThis method works particularly well when you have a list to learn eg the planets in the Solar System the names of King Henry VIIIrsquos wives and children or the muscles and bones in the human body An extra advantage is that it helps you to remember things in order- which is sometimes important
9Acrostic Method
10
9
10The Quiz
What is itThis is another version of the Quiz which works in much the same way Buy a pack of blank index cards and use these to create sets of cards for each topic with a question on one side and the answer on the other Vary this sometimes by writing a key word on one side and its definition on the other or make sets for languages with foreign words and their English translation
How could I use itNot only do Question Cards offer a great way of testing yourself (which can be used even if you donrsquot have anyone to work with you) but the process of creating them also helps you learn the material
What is itThis onersquos an absolute winner Find someone (ideally older than you) who is willing to give up some time to be your lsquopupilrsquo then prepare a lsquolessonrsquo in which you will teach a particular topic to them Most importantly encourage them to ask you lots of questions if somethingrsquos not quite clear
How could I use itItrsquos often not until you stand up and try to teach something to someone else that you really come to understand it fully When yoursquore explaining something out loud you canrsquot gloss over those lsquotricky bitsrsquo and you have to be prepared to explain things in several different ways using words that are clear and simple to make sure that your lsquopupilrsquo genuinely understands what yoursquore saying This helps you identify any areas which you havenrsquot understood as well as you thought ndash and these can be followed up with further revision afterwards
11Teach it
11
10
12QuestionCards
12
11
Just try searching in YouTube for the exam board and exams your are studying eg Edexcel combined science or Edexcel
BiologyChemistryPhysics
httpwwwexamtimecom
pupils can create mind maps flashcards and quizzes and revision timetables
wwwbrainscapecom
enables students to make online flashcards that can be downloaded to your phone
or iPod
httpwwwbbccoukschoolsgcsebitesize helps pupils to break down their revision into easy chunks
wwwthebraincom
creates online lsquomind mapsrsquo
httpwwwdocbrowninfo
13
12
REALLY USEFUL
httpwwwtescoukarticleaspxstoryCode=6301212
Has lots of revision tips including a motivational revision booklet games a Jedi Mind Tricks pack etc
This website gives a list of the top 55 educational apps for the ipad
httpwwwteachthoughtcomapps-2the-55-best-best-free-education-apps-for-ipad
CGP Science AppsThese are also pound149 each and are forGCSE science exams They contain over500 different questions and threedifferent game types They also trackyour progress Checkout the websitefor more informationwwwcgpbookscoukapps
14
13
httpsquizletcom
httpwwwdocbrowninfo
1 Scan through all the exam questions
2 Put a mark against all the questions you feel you can answer
3 Read the questions carefully
4 Divide up your time allowing more time for the questions worth more marks
5 Underline or highlight keywords in the question
6 Plan longer answers
7 Use your plan
8 Check your answer against the plan
9 Stick to the point of the question ndash try not to ldquowafflerdquo
10 If you have time re-read your answers and make any necessary corrections
15
Exam technique - Calculation questionsQ1
The photograph shows a man dropping an egg inside a padded box from a height
MOMENTUM = MASS X VELOCITY
P = m x v = 05kg x 18 ms = 9 kg ms
He is investigating to see if the padding stops
the egg from breaking
The velocity of the container was 18 ms as it
hit the floor
The mass of the container was 05 kg
Calculate the momentum of the container
Stage 1
Highlight key information in question
Stage 2
Select correct formula
based upon highlighted information and units ndash (Do
the units need converting)
Stage 3
Write out both the equation
you plan to use and the
calculation you intend to
do
Stage 4
Calculate answer
Stage 5
Double check answer
Stage 6
Write answer WITH UNITS
Q2
In industry sodium carbonate is made from sodium
chloride solution and calcium carbonate in the Solvay
Process
Describe the test to show that calcium carbonate
contains carbonate ions (3 marks)
Exam technique ndash Short answer questions
Stage 1
Highlight key information in
question and look at exam
command word carefully
Stage 2
Think about you learning
that links to key points in
question ndash eg carbonate
ion negative ion tests
for negative ions test for
carbonate ions
Stage 3
Use exam command word
to form answer ndash
lsquoDescribersquo
Stage 4
Carefully construct answer
with number of marks in
mind (3) This should reflect
number of key points given
These questions ask you to link together a series of facts orpieces of information in a logical order Describe questions areoften worth more than one mark ndash make sure you include atleast enough pieces of information to cover the number ofmarks available
When testing for a carbonate ion you first addacid Carbon dioxide gas will then be releasedthat needs to be passed through limewater ndashwhich will turn cloudy
Key points that get marks are underlined and in
bold
17
Chunking as the average person can only hold seven items inshort-term memory grouping items together into chunks canincrease capacity This is generally used for rememberingnumbers (think of how you remember phone numbers bygrouping the seven digits into 2 or 3 chunks) but can be appliedto other listings in various subjects
Repetition Studies indicate that 66 of material is forgotten within seven days if it is not reviewed or recited again by the student Dont make life harder for yourself - build in a brief daily and weekly review of material covered
Application and association The best way to channel material to long-term memory is to organise it into meaningful associations For example if you learn a new formula verb rule try to put it into practice immediately with a relevant example
Use of mnemonics these are various word games which can act as memory aids and which allow personalisation and creativity the colours of the rainbow - Roy G Biv (Richard Of York Gave Battle In Vain to remember red orange yellow green blue indigo violet)
NOT READING THE QUESTIONS
PAPER CORRECTLY
IGNORING HOW MANY MARKS
THERE ARE FOR EACH QUESTION
NOT FINISHING THE PAPER
MISSING PART OF A
QUESTION
Examiners say that this isone of the most regular andfatal errors
Sometimes part of a questioncan be carried onto the nextpage Always take time tofamiliarise yourself with thewhole paper before you startanswering it
Mismanaging your timewithin the exam can easilycost you a full grade Thebiggest exam crime is toleave suitable questionsunattempted
Always take into account how many marks a question is worth and
carefully plan your allocated time Remember to make sure your
answer is worth the marks on offer
ROUGH WORK
Include your rough work with your exam script ndash you
might get some credit for formulae or calculations
Make the point once There are no extra marks for restating facts even if you phrase them differently
REPETITION
18
1 Work SMART This acronym is used in sports psychology but it applies brilliantly to revision Your plans need to be Specific establish what needs to be covered and prioritise the most urgent areas Measurable keep a clear track of what you have done and what remains to be done Adjustable be flexible ndash if yoursquore sick if somebody lsquoborrowsrsquo your textbook whatever gets in the way have some latitude and be ready to make the most of the time you have Realistic aim to do what you can realistically do to the best of your abilities You have limited time and energy Donrsquot spread yourself too thinly Timed schedule lsquopacketsrsquo of quality revision time so you know when you expect to have covered topic X
2 Donrsquot waste timehellip copying notes Instead read each paragraph and then write what you didnrsquot already know in your own words Rephrasing the words reading aloud writing them downhellip the more areas of your brain you exercise in the process the likelier it will be to stick
writing out full practice essays Itrsquos hugely time-consuming and what you need to be sure of is which particular points you would make for any given question Practise planning essays and long-answer questions to make yourself as efficient as possible at that process
grinding to a halt Working for too long without breaks reduces the quality of your work Give yourself time to get some fresh air and stretch
3 Stay Positive Look at the syllabus content to see how much yoursquove coloured or converted to green Remind yourself of how much you actually do know your exam performance will be a pleasant confirmation of your efforts Relax eat well and sleep soundly ndash you will be at your sharpest on the day
4 Make a cheat sheet For a little reassurance the night before the exam make yourself a cheat sheet ndash only a very few essential facts the things that are worrying you on a single postcard You can look over it again before the exam Just remember not to take it into the exam with you
GCSE Only
5 Print out the course content from the syllabus specification You need to be clear on what you know and what you donrsquot The best way to do this is to find the syllabus specification for each exam you are sitting These documents are made freely available by the exam boards Search online for these keywords Board Level Course name amp code and the word ldquoSpecificationrdquohellipeg ldquoAQA GCSE science 4405 specificationrdquo Download the appropriate pages of course content and print them What you will find is a clear distillation of all the information that you are expected to know ndash no waffle just clear instructions ldquoCandidates should recall xrdquo (memorise this) ldquoCandidates should understand yrdquo (do you)
6 Mark your printed syllabus with traffic light colours
Go line by line and in a matter of minutes you will have a priority task list
Green says ldquoI know this Irsquom confident with thisrdquo ndashbe clear on what you already know so you donrsquot waste time on it unnecessarily
Orange says ldquoI should practise this to make sure itrsquos solidrdquo ndash this is the material for which you might look through your textbook and do a few exam-style questions
Red says ldquoI donrsquot know thisrdquo ndash here you need to find your existing notes read the relevant pages in your text book make new notes or ask for help Tackle those priority areas first
19
20
Get a good nights sleepWhile the temptation is to stay up half the night cramming in more facts and
figures the evidence suggests this approach is counter-productive Having a mind that is refreshed alert and ready to respond to circumstances will obviously be
very beneficial
Arrive in plenty of time To perform well on the day you need to be relaxed and to feel in control of the
situation This is difficult to achieve if you have missed breakfast and are stuck on a bus It is a good idea to have 15 minutes quiet timelsquo
Have your equipment readyEach exam has its own requirements Apart from properly functioning pens
pencils rulers etc you may need a calculator for the Maths or Science exam Drawing pencils may be required for diagrams in some subjects A lot of nervous energy can be expended on last-minute hassle if these items arent checked in
advance
Think positiveOn the day of the exam remind yourself of the good things (the material you know well the revision you have completed all the past exam questions done the good
grades achieved) rather than dwelling on areas of weakness
Maintain your focusThere can be a lot of tension drama and hysteria in the air on the days of an
exam You want to keep the balance between maintaining your focus and interacting normally with your friends and classmates Surround yourself with
people who are likely to add to the calm
Beware of post-exam analysisThe more you participate in the exam post-mortem the more confused and
disheartened you are likely to become You cant change what has happened you can only focus on the present and this will need your full attention
Physics equations
Paper 1
Distance = speed X timed = x X t(metres m) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Acceleration = change in velocity divide timea = (v ndash u) divide t(metres per second2 ms2) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Force = mass X accelerationF = m X a(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second2 ms2)
Weight = mass X gravitational field strengthW = m X g(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg)
Momentum = mass X velocityp = m X v(Kilogram metres per second kgms) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Work done = Force X distance moved (in direction of force)
E = F X d(Joule J) (Newton N) (metre m)
Kinetic Energy = frac12 X mass X (speed)2
KE (or Ek) = frac12 X m X V2
(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Gravitational potential energy = mass X gravitational field strength X change in height GPE = m X g X h(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg) (metres m)
Efficiency = useful energy transferred to device divide total energy supplied to the device
Wave speed = frequency X wavelengthv = f X(metres per second ms) (Hertz Hz) (metres m)
Wave speed = distance divide timev = x divide t (metres per second ms) (metres m) (seconds s)
21
Physics equations
Paper 2
Power = Work done divide time taken P = W divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Moment of a force = Force X distance moved in direction of force(Newton metre Nm) (Newton N) (Metre m)
Charge = Current X timeQ = I X t(Coulombs C) (Amps A) (seconds s)
Energy transferred = charge moved X potential differenceE = Q x V(Joules J) (Coulomb C) (Volts V)
potential difference = Current X resistance V = I X R(Volts V) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
Power = Energy transferred divide time taken P = E divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Electrical Power = current X potential differencep = I X v(Watts W) (Amps A) (Volts V)
Electrical Power = current2 X Resistancep = I2 X R(Watts W) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
density = mass divide Volumep = m divide V(Kilograms per metre3 Kgm3) (Kilogram Kg) (metre3 m3)
Force exerted on spring = spring constant X extension F = k X x(Newton N) (Newton metres Nm) (metres m)
Pressure = Force normal to surface divide area of surfaceP = F divide A (Pascal Pa) (Newton N) (metres2 m2)
22
COMBINED Physics equations
Paper 1
Distance = speed X timed = x X t(metres m) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Acceleration = change in velocity divide timea = (v ndash u) divide t(metres per second2 ms2) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Force = mass X accelerationF = m X a(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second2 ms2)
Weight = mass X gravitational field strengthW = m X g(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg)
Momentum = mass X velocityp = m X v(Kilogram metres per second kgms) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Work done = Force X distance moved (in direction of force)
E = F X d(Joule J) (Newton N) (metre m)
Kinetic Energy = frac12 X mass X (speed)2
KE (or Ek) = frac12 X m X V2
(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Gravitational potential energy = mass X gravitational field strength X change in height GPE = m X g X h(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg) (metres m)
Efficiency = useful energy transferred to device divide total energy supplied to the device
Wave speed = frequency X wavelengthv = f X(metres per second ms) (Hertz Hz) (metres m)
Wave speed = distance divide timev = x divide t (metres per second ms) (metres m) (seconds s)
21
COMBINED Physics equations
Paper 2
Power = Work done divide time taken P = W divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Charge = Current X timeQ = I X t(Coulombs C) (Amps A) (seconds s)
Energy transferred = charge moved X potential differenceE = Q x V(Joules J) (Coulomb C) (Volts V)
potential difference = Current X resistance V = I X R(Volts V) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
Power = Energy transferred divide time taken P = E divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Electrical Power = current X potential differencep = I X v(Watts W) (Amps A) (Volts V)
Electrical Power = current2 X Resistancep = I2 X R(Watts W) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
density = mass divide Volumep = m divide V(Kilograms per metre3 Kgm3) (Kilogram Kg) (metre3 m3)
Force exerted on spring = spring constant X extension F = k X x(Newton N) (Newton metres Nm) (metres m)
22
Do
Donrsquot
Make yourself a nice work area You need a flat surface with good light Gather up plenty of pens and pencils A ruler scissors glue dictionary and notebook are also useful
Try and do your revision at the same time each day Getting into a routine will make it feel less of a chore
Explain your revision task to a family member and tell them how it follows on from what you studied at school Talking about it will give you some ideas
Eat a healthy snack before settling down to do your revision
Use a variety of resources including the internet There are games that can make revision much more fun than just reading from a textbook
Revise outside the textbook Eg if you are studying Shakespeare watching a play will make it more interesting and reinforce what you have learned at school
Studying with a friend is a good way to share ideas and motivate one another
Dont revise with the TV on Turn it off but listen to music if you find it helps
Dont forget to take a break A 15-20 min break every 90 minutes will refresh your mind Go for a walk have a drink or listen to some music
Dont forget to have a good nights sleep
Donrsquot avoid revising subjects that you donrsquot particularly like
Donrsquot forget that there is life beyond exams and revising
Donrsquot Leave all your revision until the last minute
4
Revise in short bursts 30-40 minutes at a time is the most effective Follow this with short breaks 5-10 minutes
Try not to get stressed out and remember to eat properly Energy drinks are not recomended
Subjects My targetlevelgrade
Exam tips1 Copy this page and put it up somewhere in your house
where you will see it every day to remind you of your target grades
2 Colour your subjects in different colours and then use the same colours for your revision timetable
5
4
1Mindmap
wwwthebraincomWhat is itThis is a simple tool and one that is very useful at the beginning of your revision Write the name of the topic yoursquore revising in the centre circlebubble then simply write down everything you know about it in adjoining circlesbubbles Your ideas do not need to be organised in any way at this point Now consult your notes and add in another level of information to your diagram of the things yoursquove missedforgotten
How could I use itThis mindmap technique is useful as it allows you to easily identify topics your are comfortable with and those that you arenrsquot It allows revision to be structured more easily as you would begin by revising the topics that you forgot about to begin with A method of testing what you have learnt is to repeat the mindmap after revision You should have forgotten less topics
lsquoThe secret of getting ahead is getting startedrsquo ndash Mark Twain
Topic
6
5
2Power Notes
What is itMaking Power Notes is a great place to start when revising Divide an A4 page into about 6 sections numbered down the side When yoursquore looking through your work split it into main areas one for each section Take the time to condense the information into clear simple bullet-point notes Finally underline or highlight key words in a different coloured pen for each section
How could I use itThe process of creating Power Notes makes you think logically about how to divide your topic up into separate sections Using bullet points and coloured key words means that each piece of information stands out and sticks in the mind more easily
Subject Title
1 bull Bullet point notes about 1st main area of topicbull Key words highlighted in colour no 1
2 bull Remember to use colour no 2 for key words in this section
3 bull
What is itThis is similar to a Mind Map in the way it organises information but it uses a lsquotighterrsquo format which some people prefer Write the title of your topic in the central circle then draw another circle around it Divide this into three or four main sub-topics using a different colour for each one Add a third circle around this and divide the sub-topics still further into details
How could I use itA Mandala has many of the useful properties of a Mind Map in that it helps you to pick out and record key information from your topics It provides a clear visual picture of any given subject and is easier to revise than looking at lots of notes
3Spider Diagram
7
6
Topic Title
Sub topic Sub topic
What is itTurn your page so itrsquos in landscape format and write the title of your topic in the centre Decide on how many sub-topics it can be divided into and draw a line out to each one At the end of each line divide the sub-topic into key points You might like to use colours to make your diagram more bold and memorable
How could I use itCreating a Spider Diagram is a great way of revising as it forces you to organise what you know rather than simply copy it out Once itrsquos done you have a neat summary of your topic which can be skimmed over much more quickly than going through all your notes again
4MandalaDiagram
What is itTake a topic and turn your notes into a poster or annotated diagram with lots of illustrations and colour Alternatively create a cartoon strip version of your subject for example describing an event in history or an experiment in science Add speech bubbles and comments to explain whatrsquos going on in each picture
How could I use itOur brains often remember pictures and colours better than words so wersquore only tapping into part of our learning power if we rely on written methods This is likely to be particularly true for people who learn well from visual methods
5Flash Cards
8
7
What is itInstead of writing your notes on pages of paper buy a pack of index cards (available from any stationery shop) and create a set of Flash Cards for each topic Summarise one key concept on each card using highlighter pens to pick out the most important words (or underlining them with felt tips) and illustrate it where possible with a picture
How could I use itThe process of summarising your work into key points is a really effective way of learning Whatrsquos more itrsquos much easier looking through a set of cards than wading through pages of notes ndash so yoursquore creating something that will help you when it gets closer to the exams
6Draw it Posters diagrams amp cartoons
What is itTalking about a topic can really help you to understand it Once yoursquove made your notes you could record yourself reading them out then re-play and listen to this later on Alternatively liven up your revision by turning your notes into a short news-flash or interview
How could I use itFor those of you who learn best by using auditory methods the process of acting or reading aloud will help you to remember the information much more easily
7 Make it Mobiles ampModels
9
8
What is itWhy should all your notes be on paper Try turning them into a completely different form Make a model to demonstrate what yoursquore learning and add labels to explain the different parts Alternatively pick out all the key words and concepts from a particular topic write them onto separate pieces of coloured card and string them together to make a mobile
How could I use itA lot of people find learning easier when theyrsquore making things as opposed simply to reading or writing (We sometimes say these people have a preference for lsquokinaestheticrsquo learning) The process is active and fun and you have an end result that is bound to stick in your mind much more than a page of notes
8Recordyourself
What is itMake a folder of plain sheets of paper one for each subject yoursquore studying This can be done by hand or stored on the computer Whenever yoursquore revising a subject pull out its sheet of paper and add some more questions Remember to note down the answer under each one as well
How could I use itWhile quiet revision is really important a lot of people also learn well by talking things through Towards the end of your revision once your lists of questions are complete ask an adult friend or older brother or sister to quiz you You could have 3 lsquolivesrsquo which you use up whenever you ask for a hint or have to consult your notes
What is itAn old favourite the acrostic method work by linking words and concepts to sentences that will stick in your mind Simply list the words you need to learn then take the first letter of each and think of alternative words that begins with these letters Choose words that link together to make a memorable sentence
How could I use itThis method works particularly well when you have a list to learn eg the planets in the Solar System the names of King Henry VIIIrsquos wives and children or the muscles and bones in the human body An extra advantage is that it helps you to remember things in order- which is sometimes important
9Acrostic Method
10
9
10The Quiz
What is itThis is another version of the Quiz which works in much the same way Buy a pack of blank index cards and use these to create sets of cards for each topic with a question on one side and the answer on the other Vary this sometimes by writing a key word on one side and its definition on the other or make sets for languages with foreign words and their English translation
How could I use itNot only do Question Cards offer a great way of testing yourself (which can be used even if you donrsquot have anyone to work with you) but the process of creating them also helps you learn the material
What is itThis onersquos an absolute winner Find someone (ideally older than you) who is willing to give up some time to be your lsquopupilrsquo then prepare a lsquolessonrsquo in which you will teach a particular topic to them Most importantly encourage them to ask you lots of questions if somethingrsquos not quite clear
How could I use itItrsquos often not until you stand up and try to teach something to someone else that you really come to understand it fully When yoursquore explaining something out loud you canrsquot gloss over those lsquotricky bitsrsquo and you have to be prepared to explain things in several different ways using words that are clear and simple to make sure that your lsquopupilrsquo genuinely understands what yoursquore saying This helps you identify any areas which you havenrsquot understood as well as you thought ndash and these can be followed up with further revision afterwards
11Teach it
11
10
12QuestionCards
12
11
Just try searching in YouTube for the exam board and exams your are studying eg Edexcel combined science or Edexcel
BiologyChemistryPhysics
httpwwwexamtimecom
pupils can create mind maps flashcards and quizzes and revision timetables
wwwbrainscapecom
enables students to make online flashcards that can be downloaded to your phone
or iPod
httpwwwbbccoukschoolsgcsebitesize helps pupils to break down their revision into easy chunks
wwwthebraincom
creates online lsquomind mapsrsquo
httpwwwdocbrowninfo
13
12
REALLY USEFUL
httpwwwtescoukarticleaspxstoryCode=6301212
Has lots of revision tips including a motivational revision booklet games a Jedi Mind Tricks pack etc
This website gives a list of the top 55 educational apps for the ipad
httpwwwteachthoughtcomapps-2the-55-best-best-free-education-apps-for-ipad
CGP Science AppsThese are also pound149 each and are forGCSE science exams They contain over500 different questions and threedifferent game types They also trackyour progress Checkout the websitefor more informationwwwcgpbookscoukapps
14
13
httpsquizletcom
httpwwwdocbrowninfo
1 Scan through all the exam questions
2 Put a mark against all the questions you feel you can answer
3 Read the questions carefully
4 Divide up your time allowing more time for the questions worth more marks
5 Underline or highlight keywords in the question
6 Plan longer answers
7 Use your plan
8 Check your answer against the plan
9 Stick to the point of the question ndash try not to ldquowafflerdquo
10 If you have time re-read your answers and make any necessary corrections
15
Exam technique - Calculation questionsQ1
The photograph shows a man dropping an egg inside a padded box from a height
MOMENTUM = MASS X VELOCITY
P = m x v = 05kg x 18 ms = 9 kg ms
He is investigating to see if the padding stops
the egg from breaking
The velocity of the container was 18 ms as it
hit the floor
The mass of the container was 05 kg
Calculate the momentum of the container
Stage 1
Highlight key information in question
Stage 2
Select correct formula
based upon highlighted information and units ndash (Do
the units need converting)
Stage 3
Write out both the equation
you plan to use and the
calculation you intend to
do
Stage 4
Calculate answer
Stage 5
Double check answer
Stage 6
Write answer WITH UNITS
Q2
In industry sodium carbonate is made from sodium
chloride solution and calcium carbonate in the Solvay
Process
Describe the test to show that calcium carbonate
contains carbonate ions (3 marks)
Exam technique ndash Short answer questions
Stage 1
Highlight key information in
question and look at exam
command word carefully
Stage 2
Think about you learning
that links to key points in
question ndash eg carbonate
ion negative ion tests
for negative ions test for
carbonate ions
Stage 3
Use exam command word
to form answer ndash
lsquoDescribersquo
Stage 4
Carefully construct answer
with number of marks in
mind (3) This should reflect
number of key points given
These questions ask you to link together a series of facts orpieces of information in a logical order Describe questions areoften worth more than one mark ndash make sure you include atleast enough pieces of information to cover the number ofmarks available
When testing for a carbonate ion you first addacid Carbon dioxide gas will then be releasedthat needs to be passed through limewater ndashwhich will turn cloudy
Key points that get marks are underlined and in
bold
17
Chunking as the average person can only hold seven items inshort-term memory grouping items together into chunks canincrease capacity This is generally used for rememberingnumbers (think of how you remember phone numbers bygrouping the seven digits into 2 or 3 chunks) but can be appliedto other listings in various subjects
Repetition Studies indicate that 66 of material is forgotten within seven days if it is not reviewed or recited again by the student Dont make life harder for yourself - build in a brief daily and weekly review of material covered
Application and association The best way to channel material to long-term memory is to organise it into meaningful associations For example if you learn a new formula verb rule try to put it into practice immediately with a relevant example
Use of mnemonics these are various word games which can act as memory aids and which allow personalisation and creativity the colours of the rainbow - Roy G Biv (Richard Of York Gave Battle In Vain to remember red orange yellow green blue indigo violet)
NOT READING THE QUESTIONS
PAPER CORRECTLY
IGNORING HOW MANY MARKS
THERE ARE FOR EACH QUESTION
NOT FINISHING THE PAPER
MISSING PART OF A
QUESTION
Examiners say that this isone of the most regular andfatal errors
Sometimes part of a questioncan be carried onto the nextpage Always take time tofamiliarise yourself with thewhole paper before you startanswering it
Mismanaging your timewithin the exam can easilycost you a full grade Thebiggest exam crime is toleave suitable questionsunattempted
Always take into account how many marks a question is worth and
carefully plan your allocated time Remember to make sure your
answer is worth the marks on offer
ROUGH WORK
Include your rough work with your exam script ndash you
might get some credit for formulae or calculations
Make the point once There are no extra marks for restating facts even if you phrase them differently
REPETITION
18
1 Work SMART This acronym is used in sports psychology but it applies brilliantly to revision Your plans need to be Specific establish what needs to be covered and prioritise the most urgent areas Measurable keep a clear track of what you have done and what remains to be done Adjustable be flexible ndash if yoursquore sick if somebody lsquoborrowsrsquo your textbook whatever gets in the way have some latitude and be ready to make the most of the time you have Realistic aim to do what you can realistically do to the best of your abilities You have limited time and energy Donrsquot spread yourself too thinly Timed schedule lsquopacketsrsquo of quality revision time so you know when you expect to have covered topic X
2 Donrsquot waste timehellip copying notes Instead read each paragraph and then write what you didnrsquot already know in your own words Rephrasing the words reading aloud writing them downhellip the more areas of your brain you exercise in the process the likelier it will be to stick
writing out full practice essays Itrsquos hugely time-consuming and what you need to be sure of is which particular points you would make for any given question Practise planning essays and long-answer questions to make yourself as efficient as possible at that process
grinding to a halt Working for too long without breaks reduces the quality of your work Give yourself time to get some fresh air and stretch
3 Stay Positive Look at the syllabus content to see how much yoursquove coloured or converted to green Remind yourself of how much you actually do know your exam performance will be a pleasant confirmation of your efforts Relax eat well and sleep soundly ndash you will be at your sharpest on the day
4 Make a cheat sheet For a little reassurance the night before the exam make yourself a cheat sheet ndash only a very few essential facts the things that are worrying you on a single postcard You can look over it again before the exam Just remember not to take it into the exam with you
GCSE Only
5 Print out the course content from the syllabus specification You need to be clear on what you know and what you donrsquot The best way to do this is to find the syllabus specification for each exam you are sitting These documents are made freely available by the exam boards Search online for these keywords Board Level Course name amp code and the word ldquoSpecificationrdquohellipeg ldquoAQA GCSE science 4405 specificationrdquo Download the appropriate pages of course content and print them What you will find is a clear distillation of all the information that you are expected to know ndash no waffle just clear instructions ldquoCandidates should recall xrdquo (memorise this) ldquoCandidates should understand yrdquo (do you)
6 Mark your printed syllabus with traffic light colours
Go line by line and in a matter of minutes you will have a priority task list
Green says ldquoI know this Irsquom confident with thisrdquo ndashbe clear on what you already know so you donrsquot waste time on it unnecessarily
Orange says ldquoI should practise this to make sure itrsquos solidrdquo ndash this is the material for which you might look through your textbook and do a few exam-style questions
Red says ldquoI donrsquot know thisrdquo ndash here you need to find your existing notes read the relevant pages in your text book make new notes or ask for help Tackle those priority areas first
19
20
Get a good nights sleepWhile the temptation is to stay up half the night cramming in more facts and
figures the evidence suggests this approach is counter-productive Having a mind that is refreshed alert and ready to respond to circumstances will obviously be
very beneficial
Arrive in plenty of time To perform well on the day you need to be relaxed and to feel in control of the
situation This is difficult to achieve if you have missed breakfast and are stuck on a bus It is a good idea to have 15 minutes quiet timelsquo
Have your equipment readyEach exam has its own requirements Apart from properly functioning pens
pencils rulers etc you may need a calculator for the Maths or Science exam Drawing pencils may be required for diagrams in some subjects A lot of nervous energy can be expended on last-minute hassle if these items arent checked in
advance
Think positiveOn the day of the exam remind yourself of the good things (the material you know well the revision you have completed all the past exam questions done the good
grades achieved) rather than dwelling on areas of weakness
Maintain your focusThere can be a lot of tension drama and hysteria in the air on the days of an
exam You want to keep the balance between maintaining your focus and interacting normally with your friends and classmates Surround yourself with
people who are likely to add to the calm
Beware of post-exam analysisThe more you participate in the exam post-mortem the more confused and
disheartened you are likely to become You cant change what has happened you can only focus on the present and this will need your full attention
Physics equations
Paper 1
Distance = speed X timed = x X t(metres m) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Acceleration = change in velocity divide timea = (v ndash u) divide t(metres per second2 ms2) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Force = mass X accelerationF = m X a(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second2 ms2)
Weight = mass X gravitational field strengthW = m X g(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg)
Momentum = mass X velocityp = m X v(Kilogram metres per second kgms) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Work done = Force X distance moved (in direction of force)
E = F X d(Joule J) (Newton N) (metre m)
Kinetic Energy = frac12 X mass X (speed)2
KE (or Ek) = frac12 X m X V2
(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Gravitational potential energy = mass X gravitational field strength X change in height GPE = m X g X h(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg) (metres m)
Efficiency = useful energy transferred to device divide total energy supplied to the device
Wave speed = frequency X wavelengthv = f X(metres per second ms) (Hertz Hz) (metres m)
Wave speed = distance divide timev = x divide t (metres per second ms) (metres m) (seconds s)
21
Physics equations
Paper 2
Power = Work done divide time taken P = W divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Moment of a force = Force X distance moved in direction of force(Newton metre Nm) (Newton N) (Metre m)
Charge = Current X timeQ = I X t(Coulombs C) (Amps A) (seconds s)
Energy transferred = charge moved X potential differenceE = Q x V(Joules J) (Coulomb C) (Volts V)
potential difference = Current X resistance V = I X R(Volts V) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
Power = Energy transferred divide time taken P = E divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Electrical Power = current X potential differencep = I X v(Watts W) (Amps A) (Volts V)
Electrical Power = current2 X Resistancep = I2 X R(Watts W) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
density = mass divide Volumep = m divide V(Kilograms per metre3 Kgm3) (Kilogram Kg) (metre3 m3)
Force exerted on spring = spring constant X extension F = k X x(Newton N) (Newton metres Nm) (metres m)
Pressure = Force normal to surface divide area of surfaceP = F divide A (Pascal Pa) (Newton N) (metres2 m2)
22
COMBINED Physics equations
Paper 1
Distance = speed X timed = x X t(metres m) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Acceleration = change in velocity divide timea = (v ndash u) divide t(metres per second2 ms2) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Force = mass X accelerationF = m X a(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second2 ms2)
Weight = mass X gravitational field strengthW = m X g(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg)
Momentum = mass X velocityp = m X v(Kilogram metres per second kgms) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Work done = Force X distance moved (in direction of force)
E = F X d(Joule J) (Newton N) (metre m)
Kinetic Energy = frac12 X mass X (speed)2
KE (or Ek) = frac12 X m X V2
(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Gravitational potential energy = mass X gravitational field strength X change in height GPE = m X g X h(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg) (metres m)
Efficiency = useful energy transferred to device divide total energy supplied to the device
Wave speed = frequency X wavelengthv = f X(metres per second ms) (Hertz Hz) (metres m)
Wave speed = distance divide timev = x divide t (metres per second ms) (metres m) (seconds s)
21
COMBINED Physics equations
Paper 2
Power = Work done divide time taken P = W divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Charge = Current X timeQ = I X t(Coulombs C) (Amps A) (seconds s)
Energy transferred = charge moved X potential differenceE = Q x V(Joules J) (Coulomb C) (Volts V)
potential difference = Current X resistance V = I X R(Volts V) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
Power = Energy transferred divide time taken P = E divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Electrical Power = current X potential differencep = I X v(Watts W) (Amps A) (Volts V)
Electrical Power = current2 X Resistancep = I2 X R(Watts W) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
density = mass divide Volumep = m divide V(Kilograms per metre3 Kgm3) (Kilogram Kg) (metre3 m3)
Force exerted on spring = spring constant X extension F = k X x(Newton N) (Newton metres Nm) (metres m)
22
Subjects My targetlevelgrade
Exam tips1 Copy this page and put it up somewhere in your house
where you will see it every day to remind you of your target grades
2 Colour your subjects in different colours and then use the same colours for your revision timetable
5
4
1Mindmap
wwwthebraincomWhat is itThis is a simple tool and one that is very useful at the beginning of your revision Write the name of the topic yoursquore revising in the centre circlebubble then simply write down everything you know about it in adjoining circlesbubbles Your ideas do not need to be organised in any way at this point Now consult your notes and add in another level of information to your diagram of the things yoursquove missedforgotten
How could I use itThis mindmap technique is useful as it allows you to easily identify topics your are comfortable with and those that you arenrsquot It allows revision to be structured more easily as you would begin by revising the topics that you forgot about to begin with A method of testing what you have learnt is to repeat the mindmap after revision You should have forgotten less topics
lsquoThe secret of getting ahead is getting startedrsquo ndash Mark Twain
Topic
6
5
2Power Notes
What is itMaking Power Notes is a great place to start when revising Divide an A4 page into about 6 sections numbered down the side When yoursquore looking through your work split it into main areas one for each section Take the time to condense the information into clear simple bullet-point notes Finally underline or highlight key words in a different coloured pen for each section
How could I use itThe process of creating Power Notes makes you think logically about how to divide your topic up into separate sections Using bullet points and coloured key words means that each piece of information stands out and sticks in the mind more easily
Subject Title
1 bull Bullet point notes about 1st main area of topicbull Key words highlighted in colour no 1
2 bull Remember to use colour no 2 for key words in this section
3 bull
What is itThis is similar to a Mind Map in the way it organises information but it uses a lsquotighterrsquo format which some people prefer Write the title of your topic in the central circle then draw another circle around it Divide this into three or four main sub-topics using a different colour for each one Add a third circle around this and divide the sub-topics still further into details
How could I use itA Mandala has many of the useful properties of a Mind Map in that it helps you to pick out and record key information from your topics It provides a clear visual picture of any given subject and is easier to revise than looking at lots of notes
3Spider Diagram
7
6
Topic Title
Sub topic Sub topic
What is itTurn your page so itrsquos in landscape format and write the title of your topic in the centre Decide on how many sub-topics it can be divided into and draw a line out to each one At the end of each line divide the sub-topic into key points You might like to use colours to make your diagram more bold and memorable
How could I use itCreating a Spider Diagram is a great way of revising as it forces you to organise what you know rather than simply copy it out Once itrsquos done you have a neat summary of your topic which can be skimmed over much more quickly than going through all your notes again
4MandalaDiagram
What is itTake a topic and turn your notes into a poster or annotated diagram with lots of illustrations and colour Alternatively create a cartoon strip version of your subject for example describing an event in history or an experiment in science Add speech bubbles and comments to explain whatrsquos going on in each picture
How could I use itOur brains often remember pictures and colours better than words so wersquore only tapping into part of our learning power if we rely on written methods This is likely to be particularly true for people who learn well from visual methods
5Flash Cards
8
7
What is itInstead of writing your notes on pages of paper buy a pack of index cards (available from any stationery shop) and create a set of Flash Cards for each topic Summarise one key concept on each card using highlighter pens to pick out the most important words (or underlining them with felt tips) and illustrate it where possible with a picture
How could I use itThe process of summarising your work into key points is a really effective way of learning Whatrsquos more itrsquos much easier looking through a set of cards than wading through pages of notes ndash so yoursquore creating something that will help you when it gets closer to the exams
6Draw it Posters diagrams amp cartoons
What is itTalking about a topic can really help you to understand it Once yoursquove made your notes you could record yourself reading them out then re-play and listen to this later on Alternatively liven up your revision by turning your notes into a short news-flash or interview
How could I use itFor those of you who learn best by using auditory methods the process of acting or reading aloud will help you to remember the information much more easily
7 Make it Mobiles ampModels
9
8
What is itWhy should all your notes be on paper Try turning them into a completely different form Make a model to demonstrate what yoursquore learning and add labels to explain the different parts Alternatively pick out all the key words and concepts from a particular topic write them onto separate pieces of coloured card and string them together to make a mobile
How could I use itA lot of people find learning easier when theyrsquore making things as opposed simply to reading or writing (We sometimes say these people have a preference for lsquokinaestheticrsquo learning) The process is active and fun and you have an end result that is bound to stick in your mind much more than a page of notes
8Recordyourself
What is itMake a folder of plain sheets of paper one for each subject yoursquore studying This can be done by hand or stored on the computer Whenever yoursquore revising a subject pull out its sheet of paper and add some more questions Remember to note down the answer under each one as well
How could I use itWhile quiet revision is really important a lot of people also learn well by talking things through Towards the end of your revision once your lists of questions are complete ask an adult friend or older brother or sister to quiz you You could have 3 lsquolivesrsquo which you use up whenever you ask for a hint or have to consult your notes
What is itAn old favourite the acrostic method work by linking words and concepts to sentences that will stick in your mind Simply list the words you need to learn then take the first letter of each and think of alternative words that begins with these letters Choose words that link together to make a memorable sentence
How could I use itThis method works particularly well when you have a list to learn eg the planets in the Solar System the names of King Henry VIIIrsquos wives and children or the muscles and bones in the human body An extra advantage is that it helps you to remember things in order- which is sometimes important
9Acrostic Method
10
9
10The Quiz
What is itThis is another version of the Quiz which works in much the same way Buy a pack of blank index cards and use these to create sets of cards for each topic with a question on one side and the answer on the other Vary this sometimes by writing a key word on one side and its definition on the other or make sets for languages with foreign words and their English translation
How could I use itNot only do Question Cards offer a great way of testing yourself (which can be used even if you donrsquot have anyone to work with you) but the process of creating them also helps you learn the material
What is itThis onersquos an absolute winner Find someone (ideally older than you) who is willing to give up some time to be your lsquopupilrsquo then prepare a lsquolessonrsquo in which you will teach a particular topic to them Most importantly encourage them to ask you lots of questions if somethingrsquos not quite clear
How could I use itItrsquos often not until you stand up and try to teach something to someone else that you really come to understand it fully When yoursquore explaining something out loud you canrsquot gloss over those lsquotricky bitsrsquo and you have to be prepared to explain things in several different ways using words that are clear and simple to make sure that your lsquopupilrsquo genuinely understands what yoursquore saying This helps you identify any areas which you havenrsquot understood as well as you thought ndash and these can be followed up with further revision afterwards
11Teach it
11
10
12QuestionCards
12
11
Just try searching in YouTube for the exam board and exams your are studying eg Edexcel combined science or Edexcel
BiologyChemistryPhysics
httpwwwexamtimecom
pupils can create mind maps flashcards and quizzes and revision timetables
wwwbrainscapecom
enables students to make online flashcards that can be downloaded to your phone
or iPod
httpwwwbbccoukschoolsgcsebitesize helps pupils to break down their revision into easy chunks
wwwthebraincom
creates online lsquomind mapsrsquo
httpwwwdocbrowninfo
13
12
REALLY USEFUL
httpwwwtescoukarticleaspxstoryCode=6301212
Has lots of revision tips including a motivational revision booklet games a Jedi Mind Tricks pack etc
This website gives a list of the top 55 educational apps for the ipad
httpwwwteachthoughtcomapps-2the-55-best-best-free-education-apps-for-ipad
CGP Science AppsThese are also pound149 each and are forGCSE science exams They contain over500 different questions and threedifferent game types They also trackyour progress Checkout the websitefor more informationwwwcgpbookscoukapps
14
13
httpsquizletcom
httpwwwdocbrowninfo
1 Scan through all the exam questions
2 Put a mark against all the questions you feel you can answer
3 Read the questions carefully
4 Divide up your time allowing more time for the questions worth more marks
5 Underline or highlight keywords in the question
6 Plan longer answers
7 Use your plan
8 Check your answer against the plan
9 Stick to the point of the question ndash try not to ldquowafflerdquo
10 If you have time re-read your answers and make any necessary corrections
15
Exam technique - Calculation questionsQ1
The photograph shows a man dropping an egg inside a padded box from a height
MOMENTUM = MASS X VELOCITY
P = m x v = 05kg x 18 ms = 9 kg ms
He is investigating to see if the padding stops
the egg from breaking
The velocity of the container was 18 ms as it
hit the floor
The mass of the container was 05 kg
Calculate the momentum of the container
Stage 1
Highlight key information in question
Stage 2
Select correct formula
based upon highlighted information and units ndash (Do
the units need converting)
Stage 3
Write out both the equation
you plan to use and the
calculation you intend to
do
Stage 4
Calculate answer
Stage 5
Double check answer
Stage 6
Write answer WITH UNITS
Q2
In industry sodium carbonate is made from sodium
chloride solution and calcium carbonate in the Solvay
Process
Describe the test to show that calcium carbonate
contains carbonate ions (3 marks)
Exam technique ndash Short answer questions
Stage 1
Highlight key information in
question and look at exam
command word carefully
Stage 2
Think about you learning
that links to key points in
question ndash eg carbonate
ion negative ion tests
for negative ions test for
carbonate ions
Stage 3
Use exam command word
to form answer ndash
lsquoDescribersquo
Stage 4
Carefully construct answer
with number of marks in
mind (3) This should reflect
number of key points given
These questions ask you to link together a series of facts orpieces of information in a logical order Describe questions areoften worth more than one mark ndash make sure you include atleast enough pieces of information to cover the number ofmarks available
When testing for a carbonate ion you first addacid Carbon dioxide gas will then be releasedthat needs to be passed through limewater ndashwhich will turn cloudy
Key points that get marks are underlined and in
bold
17
Chunking as the average person can only hold seven items inshort-term memory grouping items together into chunks canincrease capacity This is generally used for rememberingnumbers (think of how you remember phone numbers bygrouping the seven digits into 2 or 3 chunks) but can be appliedto other listings in various subjects
Repetition Studies indicate that 66 of material is forgotten within seven days if it is not reviewed or recited again by the student Dont make life harder for yourself - build in a brief daily and weekly review of material covered
Application and association The best way to channel material to long-term memory is to organise it into meaningful associations For example if you learn a new formula verb rule try to put it into practice immediately with a relevant example
Use of mnemonics these are various word games which can act as memory aids and which allow personalisation and creativity the colours of the rainbow - Roy G Biv (Richard Of York Gave Battle In Vain to remember red orange yellow green blue indigo violet)
NOT READING THE QUESTIONS
PAPER CORRECTLY
IGNORING HOW MANY MARKS
THERE ARE FOR EACH QUESTION
NOT FINISHING THE PAPER
MISSING PART OF A
QUESTION
Examiners say that this isone of the most regular andfatal errors
Sometimes part of a questioncan be carried onto the nextpage Always take time tofamiliarise yourself with thewhole paper before you startanswering it
Mismanaging your timewithin the exam can easilycost you a full grade Thebiggest exam crime is toleave suitable questionsunattempted
Always take into account how many marks a question is worth and
carefully plan your allocated time Remember to make sure your
answer is worth the marks on offer
ROUGH WORK
Include your rough work with your exam script ndash you
might get some credit for formulae or calculations
Make the point once There are no extra marks for restating facts even if you phrase them differently
REPETITION
18
1 Work SMART This acronym is used in sports psychology but it applies brilliantly to revision Your plans need to be Specific establish what needs to be covered and prioritise the most urgent areas Measurable keep a clear track of what you have done and what remains to be done Adjustable be flexible ndash if yoursquore sick if somebody lsquoborrowsrsquo your textbook whatever gets in the way have some latitude and be ready to make the most of the time you have Realistic aim to do what you can realistically do to the best of your abilities You have limited time and energy Donrsquot spread yourself too thinly Timed schedule lsquopacketsrsquo of quality revision time so you know when you expect to have covered topic X
2 Donrsquot waste timehellip copying notes Instead read each paragraph and then write what you didnrsquot already know in your own words Rephrasing the words reading aloud writing them downhellip the more areas of your brain you exercise in the process the likelier it will be to stick
writing out full practice essays Itrsquos hugely time-consuming and what you need to be sure of is which particular points you would make for any given question Practise planning essays and long-answer questions to make yourself as efficient as possible at that process
grinding to a halt Working for too long without breaks reduces the quality of your work Give yourself time to get some fresh air and stretch
3 Stay Positive Look at the syllabus content to see how much yoursquove coloured or converted to green Remind yourself of how much you actually do know your exam performance will be a pleasant confirmation of your efforts Relax eat well and sleep soundly ndash you will be at your sharpest on the day
4 Make a cheat sheet For a little reassurance the night before the exam make yourself a cheat sheet ndash only a very few essential facts the things that are worrying you on a single postcard You can look over it again before the exam Just remember not to take it into the exam with you
GCSE Only
5 Print out the course content from the syllabus specification You need to be clear on what you know and what you donrsquot The best way to do this is to find the syllabus specification for each exam you are sitting These documents are made freely available by the exam boards Search online for these keywords Board Level Course name amp code and the word ldquoSpecificationrdquohellipeg ldquoAQA GCSE science 4405 specificationrdquo Download the appropriate pages of course content and print them What you will find is a clear distillation of all the information that you are expected to know ndash no waffle just clear instructions ldquoCandidates should recall xrdquo (memorise this) ldquoCandidates should understand yrdquo (do you)
6 Mark your printed syllabus with traffic light colours
Go line by line and in a matter of minutes you will have a priority task list
Green says ldquoI know this Irsquom confident with thisrdquo ndashbe clear on what you already know so you donrsquot waste time on it unnecessarily
Orange says ldquoI should practise this to make sure itrsquos solidrdquo ndash this is the material for which you might look through your textbook and do a few exam-style questions
Red says ldquoI donrsquot know thisrdquo ndash here you need to find your existing notes read the relevant pages in your text book make new notes or ask for help Tackle those priority areas first
19
20
Get a good nights sleepWhile the temptation is to stay up half the night cramming in more facts and
figures the evidence suggests this approach is counter-productive Having a mind that is refreshed alert and ready to respond to circumstances will obviously be
very beneficial
Arrive in plenty of time To perform well on the day you need to be relaxed and to feel in control of the
situation This is difficult to achieve if you have missed breakfast and are stuck on a bus It is a good idea to have 15 minutes quiet timelsquo
Have your equipment readyEach exam has its own requirements Apart from properly functioning pens
pencils rulers etc you may need a calculator for the Maths or Science exam Drawing pencils may be required for diagrams in some subjects A lot of nervous energy can be expended on last-minute hassle if these items arent checked in
advance
Think positiveOn the day of the exam remind yourself of the good things (the material you know well the revision you have completed all the past exam questions done the good
grades achieved) rather than dwelling on areas of weakness
Maintain your focusThere can be a lot of tension drama and hysteria in the air on the days of an
exam You want to keep the balance between maintaining your focus and interacting normally with your friends and classmates Surround yourself with
people who are likely to add to the calm
Beware of post-exam analysisThe more you participate in the exam post-mortem the more confused and
disheartened you are likely to become You cant change what has happened you can only focus on the present and this will need your full attention
Physics equations
Paper 1
Distance = speed X timed = x X t(metres m) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Acceleration = change in velocity divide timea = (v ndash u) divide t(metres per second2 ms2) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Force = mass X accelerationF = m X a(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second2 ms2)
Weight = mass X gravitational field strengthW = m X g(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg)
Momentum = mass X velocityp = m X v(Kilogram metres per second kgms) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Work done = Force X distance moved (in direction of force)
E = F X d(Joule J) (Newton N) (metre m)
Kinetic Energy = frac12 X mass X (speed)2
KE (or Ek) = frac12 X m X V2
(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Gravitational potential energy = mass X gravitational field strength X change in height GPE = m X g X h(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg) (metres m)
Efficiency = useful energy transferred to device divide total energy supplied to the device
Wave speed = frequency X wavelengthv = f X(metres per second ms) (Hertz Hz) (metres m)
Wave speed = distance divide timev = x divide t (metres per second ms) (metres m) (seconds s)
21
Physics equations
Paper 2
Power = Work done divide time taken P = W divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Moment of a force = Force X distance moved in direction of force(Newton metre Nm) (Newton N) (Metre m)
Charge = Current X timeQ = I X t(Coulombs C) (Amps A) (seconds s)
Energy transferred = charge moved X potential differenceE = Q x V(Joules J) (Coulomb C) (Volts V)
potential difference = Current X resistance V = I X R(Volts V) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
Power = Energy transferred divide time taken P = E divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Electrical Power = current X potential differencep = I X v(Watts W) (Amps A) (Volts V)
Electrical Power = current2 X Resistancep = I2 X R(Watts W) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
density = mass divide Volumep = m divide V(Kilograms per metre3 Kgm3) (Kilogram Kg) (metre3 m3)
Force exerted on spring = spring constant X extension F = k X x(Newton N) (Newton metres Nm) (metres m)
Pressure = Force normal to surface divide area of surfaceP = F divide A (Pascal Pa) (Newton N) (metres2 m2)
22
COMBINED Physics equations
Paper 1
Distance = speed X timed = x X t(metres m) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Acceleration = change in velocity divide timea = (v ndash u) divide t(metres per second2 ms2) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Force = mass X accelerationF = m X a(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second2 ms2)
Weight = mass X gravitational field strengthW = m X g(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg)
Momentum = mass X velocityp = m X v(Kilogram metres per second kgms) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Work done = Force X distance moved (in direction of force)
E = F X d(Joule J) (Newton N) (metre m)
Kinetic Energy = frac12 X mass X (speed)2
KE (or Ek) = frac12 X m X V2
(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Gravitational potential energy = mass X gravitational field strength X change in height GPE = m X g X h(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg) (metres m)
Efficiency = useful energy transferred to device divide total energy supplied to the device
Wave speed = frequency X wavelengthv = f X(metres per second ms) (Hertz Hz) (metres m)
Wave speed = distance divide timev = x divide t (metres per second ms) (metres m) (seconds s)
21
COMBINED Physics equations
Paper 2
Power = Work done divide time taken P = W divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Charge = Current X timeQ = I X t(Coulombs C) (Amps A) (seconds s)
Energy transferred = charge moved X potential differenceE = Q x V(Joules J) (Coulomb C) (Volts V)
potential difference = Current X resistance V = I X R(Volts V) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
Power = Energy transferred divide time taken P = E divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Electrical Power = current X potential differencep = I X v(Watts W) (Amps A) (Volts V)
Electrical Power = current2 X Resistancep = I2 X R(Watts W) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
density = mass divide Volumep = m divide V(Kilograms per metre3 Kgm3) (Kilogram Kg) (metre3 m3)
Force exerted on spring = spring constant X extension F = k X x(Newton N) (Newton metres Nm) (metres m)
22
1Mindmap
wwwthebraincomWhat is itThis is a simple tool and one that is very useful at the beginning of your revision Write the name of the topic yoursquore revising in the centre circlebubble then simply write down everything you know about it in adjoining circlesbubbles Your ideas do not need to be organised in any way at this point Now consult your notes and add in another level of information to your diagram of the things yoursquove missedforgotten
How could I use itThis mindmap technique is useful as it allows you to easily identify topics your are comfortable with and those that you arenrsquot It allows revision to be structured more easily as you would begin by revising the topics that you forgot about to begin with A method of testing what you have learnt is to repeat the mindmap after revision You should have forgotten less topics
lsquoThe secret of getting ahead is getting startedrsquo ndash Mark Twain
Topic
6
5
2Power Notes
What is itMaking Power Notes is a great place to start when revising Divide an A4 page into about 6 sections numbered down the side When yoursquore looking through your work split it into main areas one for each section Take the time to condense the information into clear simple bullet-point notes Finally underline or highlight key words in a different coloured pen for each section
How could I use itThe process of creating Power Notes makes you think logically about how to divide your topic up into separate sections Using bullet points and coloured key words means that each piece of information stands out and sticks in the mind more easily
Subject Title
1 bull Bullet point notes about 1st main area of topicbull Key words highlighted in colour no 1
2 bull Remember to use colour no 2 for key words in this section
3 bull
What is itThis is similar to a Mind Map in the way it organises information but it uses a lsquotighterrsquo format which some people prefer Write the title of your topic in the central circle then draw another circle around it Divide this into three or four main sub-topics using a different colour for each one Add a third circle around this and divide the sub-topics still further into details
How could I use itA Mandala has many of the useful properties of a Mind Map in that it helps you to pick out and record key information from your topics It provides a clear visual picture of any given subject and is easier to revise than looking at lots of notes
3Spider Diagram
7
6
Topic Title
Sub topic Sub topic
What is itTurn your page so itrsquos in landscape format and write the title of your topic in the centre Decide on how many sub-topics it can be divided into and draw a line out to each one At the end of each line divide the sub-topic into key points You might like to use colours to make your diagram more bold and memorable
How could I use itCreating a Spider Diagram is a great way of revising as it forces you to organise what you know rather than simply copy it out Once itrsquos done you have a neat summary of your topic which can be skimmed over much more quickly than going through all your notes again
4MandalaDiagram
What is itTake a topic and turn your notes into a poster or annotated diagram with lots of illustrations and colour Alternatively create a cartoon strip version of your subject for example describing an event in history or an experiment in science Add speech bubbles and comments to explain whatrsquos going on in each picture
How could I use itOur brains often remember pictures and colours better than words so wersquore only tapping into part of our learning power if we rely on written methods This is likely to be particularly true for people who learn well from visual methods
5Flash Cards
8
7
What is itInstead of writing your notes on pages of paper buy a pack of index cards (available from any stationery shop) and create a set of Flash Cards for each topic Summarise one key concept on each card using highlighter pens to pick out the most important words (or underlining them with felt tips) and illustrate it where possible with a picture
How could I use itThe process of summarising your work into key points is a really effective way of learning Whatrsquos more itrsquos much easier looking through a set of cards than wading through pages of notes ndash so yoursquore creating something that will help you when it gets closer to the exams
6Draw it Posters diagrams amp cartoons
What is itTalking about a topic can really help you to understand it Once yoursquove made your notes you could record yourself reading them out then re-play and listen to this later on Alternatively liven up your revision by turning your notes into a short news-flash or interview
How could I use itFor those of you who learn best by using auditory methods the process of acting or reading aloud will help you to remember the information much more easily
7 Make it Mobiles ampModels
9
8
What is itWhy should all your notes be on paper Try turning them into a completely different form Make a model to demonstrate what yoursquore learning and add labels to explain the different parts Alternatively pick out all the key words and concepts from a particular topic write them onto separate pieces of coloured card and string them together to make a mobile
How could I use itA lot of people find learning easier when theyrsquore making things as opposed simply to reading or writing (We sometimes say these people have a preference for lsquokinaestheticrsquo learning) The process is active and fun and you have an end result that is bound to stick in your mind much more than a page of notes
8Recordyourself
What is itMake a folder of plain sheets of paper one for each subject yoursquore studying This can be done by hand or stored on the computer Whenever yoursquore revising a subject pull out its sheet of paper and add some more questions Remember to note down the answer under each one as well
How could I use itWhile quiet revision is really important a lot of people also learn well by talking things through Towards the end of your revision once your lists of questions are complete ask an adult friend or older brother or sister to quiz you You could have 3 lsquolivesrsquo which you use up whenever you ask for a hint or have to consult your notes
What is itAn old favourite the acrostic method work by linking words and concepts to sentences that will stick in your mind Simply list the words you need to learn then take the first letter of each and think of alternative words that begins with these letters Choose words that link together to make a memorable sentence
How could I use itThis method works particularly well when you have a list to learn eg the planets in the Solar System the names of King Henry VIIIrsquos wives and children or the muscles and bones in the human body An extra advantage is that it helps you to remember things in order- which is sometimes important
9Acrostic Method
10
9
10The Quiz
What is itThis is another version of the Quiz which works in much the same way Buy a pack of blank index cards and use these to create sets of cards for each topic with a question on one side and the answer on the other Vary this sometimes by writing a key word on one side and its definition on the other or make sets for languages with foreign words and their English translation
How could I use itNot only do Question Cards offer a great way of testing yourself (which can be used even if you donrsquot have anyone to work with you) but the process of creating them also helps you learn the material
What is itThis onersquos an absolute winner Find someone (ideally older than you) who is willing to give up some time to be your lsquopupilrsquo then prepare a lsquolessonrsquo in which you will teach a particular topic to them Most importantly encourage them to ask you lots of questions if somethingrsquos not quite clear
How could I use itItrsquos often not until you stand up and try to teach something to someone else that you really come to understand it fully When yoursquore explaining something out loud you canrsquot gloss over those lsquotricky bitsrsquo and you have to be prepared to explain things in several different ways using words that are clear and simple to make sure that your lsquopupilrsquo genuinely understands what yoursquore saying This helps you identify any areas which you havenrsquot understood as well as you thought ndash and these can be followed up with further revision afterwards
11Teach it
11
10
12QuestionCards
12
11
Just try searching in YouTube for the exam board and exams your are studying eg Edexcel combined science or Edexcel
BiologyChemistryPhysics
httpwwwexamtimecom
pupils can create mind maps flashcards and quizzes and revision timetables
wwwbrainscapecom
enables students to make online flashcards that can be downloaded to your phone
or iPod
httpwwwbbccoukschoolsgcsebitesize helps pupils to break down their revision into easy chunks
wwwthebraincom
creates online lsquomind mapsrsquo
httpwwwdocbrowninfo
13
12
REALLY USEFUL
httpwwwtescoukarticleaspxstoryCode=6301212
Has lots of revision tips including a motivational revision booklet games a Jedi Mind Tricks pack etc
This website gives a list of the top 55 educational apps for the ipad
httpwwwteachthoughtcomapps-2the-55-best-best-free-education-apps-for-ipad
CGP Science AppsThese are also pound149 each and are forGCSE science exams They contain over500 different questions and threedifferent game types They also trackyour progress Checkout the websitefor more informationwwwcgpbookscoukapps
14
13
httpsquizletcom
httpwwwdocbrowninfo
1 Scan through all the exam questions
2 Put a mark against all the questions you feel you can answer
3 Read the questions carefully
4 Divide up your time allowing more time for the questions worth more marks
5 Underline or highlight keywords in the question
6 Plan longer answers
7 Use your plan
8 Check your answer against the plan
9 Stick to the point of the question ndash try not to ldquowafflerdquo
10 If you have time re-read your answers and make any necessary corrections
15
Exam technique - Calculation questionsQ1
The photograph shows a man dropping an egg inside a padded box from a height
MOMENTUM = MASS X VELOCITY
P = m x v = 05kg x 18 ms = 9 kg ms
He is investigating to see if the padding stops
the egg from breaking
The velocity of the container was 18 ms as it
hit the floor
The mass of the container was 05 kg
Calculate the momentum of the container
Stage 1
Highlight key information in question
Stage 2
Select correct formula
based upon highlighted information and units ndash (Do
the units need converting)
Stage 3
Write out both the equation
you plan to use and the
calculation you intend to
do
Stage 4
Calculate answer
Stage 5
Double check answer
Stage 6
Write answer WITH UNITS
Q2
In industry sodium carbonate is made from sodium
chloride solution and calcium carbonate in the Solvay
Process
Describe the test to show that calcium carbonate
contains carbonate ions (3 marks)
Exam technique ndash Short answer questions
Stage 1
Highlight key information in
question and look at exam
command word carefully
Stage 2
Think about you learning
that links to key points in
question ndash eg carbonate
ion negative ion tests
for negative ions test for
carbonate ions
Stage 3
Use exam command word
to form answer ndash
lsquoDescribersquo
Stage 4
Carefully construct answer
with number of marks in
mind (3) This should reflect
number of key points given
These questions ask you to link together a series of facts orpieces of information in a logical order Describe questions areoften worth more than one mark ndash make sure you include atleast enough pieces of information to cover the number ofmarks available
When testing for a carbonate ion you first addacid Carbon dioxide gas will then be releasedthat needs to be passed through limewater ndashwhich will turn cloudy
Key points that get marks are underlined and in
bold
17
Chunking as the average person can only hold seven items inshort-term memory grouping items together into chunks canincrease capacity This is generally used for rememberingnumbers (think of how you remember phone numbers bygrouping the seven digits into 2 or 3 chunks) but can be appliedto other listings in various subjects
Repetition Studies indicate that 66 of material is forgotten within seven days if it is not reviewed or recited again by the student Dont make life harder for yourself - build in a brief daily and weekly review of material covered
Application and association The best way to channel material to long-term memory is to organise it into meaningful associations For example if you learn a new formula verb rule try to put it into practice immediately with a relevant example
Use of mnemonics these are various word games which can act as memory aids and which allow personalisation and creativity the colours of the rainbow - Roy G Biv (Richard Of York Gave Battle In Vain to remember red orange yellow green blue indigo violet)
NOT READING THE QUESTIONS
PAPER CORRECTLY
IGNORING HOW MANY MARKS
THERE ARE FOR EACH QUESTION
NOT FINISHING THE PAPER
MISSING PART OF A
QUESTION
Examiners say that this isone of the most regular andfatal errors
Sometimes part of a questioncan be carried onto the nextpage Always take time tofamiliarise yourself with thewhole paper before you startanswering it
Mismanaging your timewithin the exam can easilycost you a full grade Thebiggest exam crime is toleave suitable questionsunattempted
Always take into account how many marks a question is worth and
carefully plan your allocated time Remember to make sure your
answer is worth the marks on offer
ROUGH WORK
Include your rough work with your exam script ndash you
might get some credit for formulae or calculations
Make the point once There are no extra marks for restating facts even if you phrase them differently
REPETITION
18
1 Work SMART This acronym is used in sports psychology but it applies brilliantly to revision Your plans need to be Specific establish what needs to be covered and prioritise the most urgent areas Measurable keep a clear track of what you have done and what remains to be done Adjustable be flexible ndash if yoursquore sick if somebody lsquoborrowsrsquo your textbook whatever gets in the way have some latitude and be ready to make the most of the time you have Realistic aim to do what you can realistically do to the best of your abilities You have limited time and energy Donrsquot spread yourself too thinly Timed schedule lsquopacketsrsquo of quality revision time so you know when you expect to have covered topic X
2 Donrsquot waste timehellip copying notes Instead read each paragraph and then write what you didnrsquot already know in your own words Rephrasing the words reading aloud writing them downhellip the more areas of your brain you exercise in the process the likelier it will be to stick
writing out full practice essays Itrsquos hugely time-consuming and what you need to be sure of is which particular points you would make for any given question Practise planning essays and long-answer questions to make yourself as efficient as possible at that process
grinding to a halt Working for too long without breaks reduces the quality of your work Give yourself time to get some fresh air and stretch
3 Stay Positive Look at the syllabus content to see how much yoursquove coloured or converted to green Remind yourself of how much you actually do know your exam performance will be a pleasant confirmation of your efforts Relax eat well and sleep soundly ndash you will be at your sharpest on the day
4 Make a cheat sheet For a little reassurance the night before the exam make yourself a cheat sheet ndash only a very few essential facts the things that are worrying you on a single postcard You can look over it again before the exam Just remember not to take it into the exam with you
GCSE Only
5 Print out the course content from the syllabus specification You need to be clear on what you know and what you donrsquot The best way to do this is to find the syllabus specification for each exam you are sitting These documents are made freely available by the exam boards Search online for these keywords Board Level Course name amp code and the word ldquoSpecificationrdquohellipeg ldquoAQA GCSE science 4405 specificationrdquo Download the appropriate pages of course content and print them What you will find is a clear distillation of all the information that you are expected to know ndash no waffle just clear instructions ldquoCandidates should recall xrdquo (memorise this) ldquoCandidates should understand yrdquo (do you)
6 Mark your printed syllabus with traffic light colours
Go line by line and in a matter of minutes you will have a priority task list
Green says ldquoI know this Irsquom confident with thisrdquo ndashbe clear on what you already know so you donrsquot waste time on it unnecessarily
Orange says ldquoI should practise this to make sure itrsquos solidrdquo ndash this is the material for which you might look through your textbook and do a few exam-style questions
Red says ldquoI donrsquot know thisrdquo ndash here you need to find your existing notes read the relevant pages in your text book make new notes or ask for help Tackle those priority areas first
19
20
Get a good nights sleepWhile the temptation is to stay up half the night cramming in more facts and
figures the evidence suggests this approach is counter-productive Having a mind that is refreshed alert and ready to respond to circumstances will obviously be
very beneficial
Arrive in plenty of time To perform well on the day you need to be relaxed and to feel in control of the
situation This is difficult to achieve if you have missed breakfast and are stuck on a bus It is a good idea to have 15 minutes quiet timelsquo
Have your equipment readyEach exam has its own requirements Apart from properly functioning pens
pencils rulers etc you may need a calculator for the Maths or Science exam Drawing pencils may be required for diagrams in some subjects A lot of nervous energy can be expended on last-minute hassle if these items arent checked in
advance
Think positiveOn the day of the exam remind yourself of the good things (the material you know well the revision you have completed all the past exam questions done the good
grades achieved) rather than dwelling on areas of weakness
Maintain your focusThere can be a lot of tension drama and hysteria in the air on the days of an
exam You want to keep the balance between maintaining your focus and interacting normally with your friends and classmates Surround yourself with
people who are likely to add to the calm
Beware of post-exam analysisThe more you participate in the exam post-mortem the more confused and
disheartened you are likely to become You cant change what has happened you can only focus on the present and this will need your full attention
Physics equations
Paper 1
Distance = speed X timed = x X t(metres m) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Acceleration = change in velocity divide timea = (v ndash u) divide t(metres per second2 ms2) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Force = mass X accelerationF = m X a(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second2 ms2)
Weight = mass X gravitational field strengthW = m X g(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg)
Momentum = mass X velocityp = m X v(Kilogram metres per second kgms) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Work done = Force X distance moved (in direction of force)
E = F X d(Joule J) (Newton N) (metre m)
Kinetic Energy = frac12 X mass X (speed)2
KE (or Ek) = frac12 X m X V2
(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Gravitational potential energy = mass X gravitational field strength X change in height GPE = m X g X h(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg) (metres m)
Efficiency = useful energy transferred to device divide total energy supplied to the device
Wave speed = frequency X wavelengthv = f X(metres per second ms) (Hertz Hz) (metres m)
Wave speed = distance divide timev = x divide t (metres per second ms) (metres m) (seconds s)
21
Physics equations
Paper 2
Power = Work done divide time taken P = W divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Moment of a force = Force X distance moved in direction of force(Newton metre Nm) (Newton N) (Metre m)
Charge = Current X timeQ = I X t(Coulombs C) (Amps A) (seconds s)
Energy transferred = charge moved X potential differenceE = Q x V(Joules J) (Coulomb C) (Volts V)
potential difference = Current X resistance V = I X R(Volts V) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
Power = Energy transferred divide time taken P = E divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Electrical Power = current X potential differencep = I X v(Watts W) (Amps A) (Volts V)
Electrical Power = current2 X Resistancep = I2 X R(Watts W) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
density = mass divide Volumep = m divide V(Kilograms per metre3 Kgm3) (Kilogram Kg) (metre3 m3)
Force exerted on spring = spring constant X extension F = k X x(Newton N) (Newton metres Nm) (metres m)
Pressure = Force normal to surface divide area of surfaceP = F divide A (Pascal Pa) (Newton N) (metres2 m2)
22
COMBINED Physics equations
Paper 1
Distance = speed X timed = x X t(metres m) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Acceleration = change in velocity divide timea = (v ndash u) divide t(metres per second2 ms2) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Force = mass X accelerationF = m X a(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second2 ms2)
Weight = mass X gravitational field strengthW = m X g(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg)
Momentum = mass X velocityp = m X v(Kilogram metres per second kgms) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Work done = Force X distance moved (in direction of force)
E = F X d(Joule J) (Newton N) (metre m)
Kinetic Energy = frac12 X mass X (speed)2
KE (or Ek) = frac12 X m X V2
(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Gravitational potential energy = mass X gravitational field strength X change in height GPE = m X g X h(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg) (metres m)
Efficiency = useful energy transferred to device divide total energy supplied to the device
Wave speed = frequency X wavelengthv = f X(metres per second ms) (Hertz Hz) (metres m)
Wave speed = distance divide timev = x divide t (metres per second ms) (metres m) (seconds s)
21
COMBINED Physics equations
Paper 2
Power = Work done divide time taken P = W divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Charge = Current X timeQ = I X t(Coulombs C) (Amps A) (seconds s)
Energy transferred = charge moved X potential differenceE = Q x V(Joules J) (Coulomb C) (Volts V)
potential difference = Current X resistance V = I X R(Volts V) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
Power = Energy transferred divide time taken P = E divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Electrical Power = current X potential differencep = I X v(Watts W) (Amps A) (Volts V)
Electrical Power = current2 X Resistancep = I2 X R(Watts W) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
density = mass divide Volumep = m divide V(Kilograms per metre3 Kgm3) (Kilogram Kg) (metre3 m3)
Force exerted on spring = spring constant X extension F = k X x(Newton N) (Newton metres Nm) (metres m)
22
What is itThis is similar to a Mind Map in the way it organises information but it uses a lsquotighterrsquo format which some people prefer Write the title of your topic in the central circle then draw another circle around it Divide this into three or four main sub-topics using a different colour for each one Add a third circle around this and divide the sub-topics still further into details
How could I use itA Mandala has many of the useful properties of a Mind Map in that it helps you to pick out and record key information from your topics It provides a clear visual picture of any given subject and is easier to revise than looking at lots of notes
3Spider Diagram
7
6
Topic Title
Sub topic Sub topic
What is itTurn your page so itrsquos in landscape format and write the title of your topic in the centre Decide on how many sub-topics it can be divided into and draw a line out to each one At the end of each line divide the sub-topic into key points You might like to use colours to make your diagram more bold and memorable
How could I use itCreating a Spider Diagram is a great way of revising as it forces you to organise what you know rather than simply copy it out Once itrsquos done you have a neat summary of your topic which can be skimmed over much more quickly than going through all your notes again
4MandalaDiagram
What is itTake a topic and turn your notes into a poster or annotated diagram with lots of illustrations and colour Alternatively create a cartoon strip version of your subject for example describing an event in history or an experiment in science Add speech bubbles and comments to explain whatrsquos going on in each picture
How could I use itOur brains often remember pictures and colours better than words so wersquore only tapping into part of our learning power if we rely on written methods This is likely to be particularly true for people who learn well from visual methods
5Flash Cards
8
7
What is itInstead of writing your notes on pages of paper buy a pack of index cards (available from any stationery shop) and create a set of Flash Cards for each topic Summarise one key concept on each card using highlighter pens to pick out the most important words (or underlining them with felt tips) and illustrate it where possible with a picture
How could I use itThe process of summarising your work into key points is a really effective way of learning Whatrsquos more itrsquos much easier looking through a set of cards than wading through pages of notes ndash so yoursquore creating something that will help you when it gets closer to the exams
6Draw it Posters diagrams amp cartoons
What is itTalking about a topic can really help you to understand it Once yoursquove made your notes you could record yourself reading them out then re-play and listen to this later on Alternatively liven up your revision by turning your notes into a short news-flash or interview
How could I use itFor those of you who learn best by using auditory methods the process of acting or reading aloud will help you to remember the information much more easily
7 Make it Mobiles ampModels
9
8
What is itWhy should all your notes be on paper Try turning them into a completely different form Make a model to demonstrate what yoursquore learning and add labels to explain the different parts Alternatively pick out all the key words and concepts from a particular topic write them onto separate pieces of coloured card and string them together to make a mobile
How could I use itA lot of people find learning easier when theyrsquore making things as opposed simply to reading or writing (We sometimes say these people have a preference for lsquokinaestheticrsquo learning) The process is active and fun and you have an end result that is bound to stick in your mind much more than a page of notes
8Recordyourself
What is itMake a folder of plain sheets of paper one for each subject yoursquore studying This can be done by hand or stored on the computer Whenever yoursquore revising a subject pull out its sheet of paper and add some more questions Remember to note down the answer under each one as well
How could I use itWhile quiet revision is really important a lot of people also learn well by talking things through Towards the end of your revision once your lists of questions are complete ask an adult friend or older brother or sister to quiz you You could have 3 lsquolivesrsquo which you use up whenever you ask for a hint or have to consult your notes
What is itAn old favourite the acrostic method work by linking words and concepts to sentences that will stick in your mind Simply list the words you need to learn then take the first letter of each and think of alternative words that begins with these letters Choose words that link together to make a memorable sentence
How could I use itThis method works particularly well when you have a list to learn eg the planets in the Solar System the names of King Henry VIIIrsquos wives and children or the muscles and bones in the human body An extra advantage is that it helps you to remember things in order- which is sometimes important
9Acrostic Method
10
9
10The Quiz
What is itThis is another version of the Quiz which works in much the same way Buy a pack of blank index cards and use these to create sets of cards for each topic with a question on one side and the answer on the other Vary this sometimes by writing a key word on one side and its definition on the other or make sets for languages with foreign words and their English translation
How could I use itNot only do Question Cards offer a great way of testing yourself (which can be used even if you donrsquot have anyone to work with you) but the process of creating them also helps you learn the material
What is itThis onersquos an absolute winner Find someone (ideally older than you) who is willing to give up some time to be your lsquopupilrsquo then prepare a lsquolessonrsquo in which you will teach a particular topic to them Most importantly encourage them to ask you lots of questions if somethingrsquos not quite clear
How could I use itItrsquos often not until you stand up and try to teach something to someone else that you really come to understand it fully When yoursquore explaining something out loud you canrsquot gloss over those lsquotricky bitsrsquo and you have to be prepared to explain things in several different ways using words that are clear and simple to make sure that your lsquopupilrsquo genuinely understands what yoursquore saying This helps you identify any areas which you havenrsquot understood as well as you thought ndash and these can be followed up with further revision afterwards
11Teach it
11
10
12QuestionCards
12
11
Just try searching in YouTube for the exam board and exams your are studying eg Edexcel combined science or Edexcel
BiologyChemistryPhysics
httpwwwexamtimecom
pupils can create mind maps flashcards and quizzes and revision timetables
wwwbrainscapecom
enables students to make online flashcards that can be downloaded to your phone
or iPod
httpwwwbbccoukschoolsgcsebitesize helps pupils to break down their revision into easy chunks
wwwthebraincom
creates online lsquomind mapsrsquo
httpwwwdocbrowninfo
13
12
REALLY USEFUL
httpwwwtescoukarticleaspxstoryCode=6301212
Has lots of revision tips including a motivational revision booklet games a Jedi Mind Tricks pack etc
This website gives a list of the top 55 educational apps for the ipad
httpwwwteachthoughtcomapps-2the-55-best-best-free-education-apps-for-ipad
CGP Science AppsThese are also pound149 each and are forGCSE science exams They contain over500 different questions and threedifferent game types They also trackyour progress Checkout the websitefor more informationwwwcgpbookscoukapps
14
13
httpsquizletcom
httpwwwdocbrowninfo
1 Scan through all the exam questions
2 Put a mark against all the questions you feel you can answer
3 Read the questions carefully
4 Divide up your time allowing more time for the questions worth more marks
5 Underline or highlight keywords in the question
6 Plan longer answers
7 Use your plan
8 Check your answer against the plan
9 Stick to the point of the question ndash try not to ldquowafflerdquo
10 If you have time re-read your answers and make any necessary corrections
15
Exam technique - Calculation questionsQ1
The photograph shows a man dropping an egg inside a padded box from a height
MOMENTUM = MASS X VELOCITY
P = m x v = 05kg x 18 ms = 9 kg ms
He is investigating to see if the padding stops
the egg from breaking
The velocity of the container was 18 ms as it
hit the floor
The mass of the container was 05 kg
Calculate the momentum of the container
Stage 1
Highlight key information in question
Stage 2
Select correct formula
based upon highlighted information and units ndash (Do
the units need converting)
Stage 3
Write out both the equation
you plan to use and the
calculation you intend to
do
Stage 4
Calculate answer
Stage 5
Double check answer
Stage 6
Write answer WITH UNITS
Q2
In industry sodium carbonate is made from sodium
chloride solution and calcium carbonate in the Solvay
Process
Describe the test to show that calcium carbonate
contains carbonate ions (3 marks)
Exam technique ndash Short answer questions
Stage 1
Highlight key information in
question and look at exam
command word carefully
Stage 2
Think about you learning
that links to key points in
question ndash eg carbonate
ion negative ion tests
for negative ions test for
carbonate ions
Stage 3
Use exam command word
to form answer ndash
lsquoDescribersquo
Stage 4
Carefully construct answer
with number of marks in
mind (3) This should reflect
number of key points given
These questions ask you to link together a series of facts orpieces of information in a logical order Describe questions areoften worth more than one mark ndash make sure you include atleast enough pieces of information to cover the number ofmarks available
When testing for a carbonate ion you first addacid Carbon dioxide gas will then be releasedthat needs to be passed through limewater ndashwhich will turn cloudy
Key points that get marks are underlined and in
bold
17
Chunking as the average person can only hold seven items inshort-term memory grouping items together into chunks canincrease capacity This is generally used for rememberingnumbers (think of how you remember phone numbers bygrouping the seven digits into 2 or 3 chunks) but can be appliedto other listings in various subjects
Repetition Studies indicate that 66 of material is forgotten within seven days if it is not reviewed or recited again by the student Dont make life harder for yourself - build in a brief daily and weekly review of material covered
Application and association The best way to channel material to long-term memory is to organise it into meaningful associations For example if you learn a new formula verb rule try to put it into practice immediately with a relevant example
Use of mnemonics these are various word games which can act as memory aids and which allow personalisation and creativity the colours of the rainbow - Roy G Biv (Richard Of York Gave Battle In Vain to remember red orange yellow green blue indigo violet)
NOT READING THE QUESTIONS
PAPER CORRECTLY
IGNORING HOW MANY MARKS
THERE ARE FOR EACH QUESTION
NOT FINISHING THE PAPER
MISSING PART OF A
QUESTION
Examiners say that this isone of the most regular andfatal errors
Sometimes part of a questioncan be carried onto the nextpage Always take time tofamiliarise yourself with thewhole paper before you startanswering it
Mismanaging your timewithin the exam can easilycost you a full grade Thebiggest exam crime is toleave suitable questionsunattempted
Always take into account how many marks a question is worth and
carefully plan your allocated time Remember to make sure your
answer is worth the marks on offer
ROUGH WORK
Include your rough work with your exam script ndash you
might get some credit for formulae or calculations
Make the point once There are no extra marks for restating facts even if you phrase them differently
REPETITION
18
1 Work SMART This acronym is used in sports psychology but it applies brilliantly to revision Your plans need to be Specific establish what needs to be covered and prioritise the most urgent areas Measurable keep a clear track of what you have done and what remains to be done Adjustable be flexible ndash if yoursquore sick if somebody lsquoborrowsrsquo your textbook whatever gets in the way have some latitude and be ready to make the most of the time you have Realistic aim to do what you can realistically do to the best of your abilities You have limited time and energy Donrsquot spread yourself too thinly Timed schedule lsquopacketsrsquo of quality revision time so you know when you expect to have covered topic X
2 Donrsquot waste timehellip copying notes Instead read each paragraph and then write what you didnrsquot already know in your own words Rephrasing the words reading aloud writing them downhellip the more areas of your brain you exercise in the process the likelier it will be to stick
writing out full practice essays Itrsquos hugely time-consuming and what you need to be sure of is which particular points you would make for any given question Practise planning essays and long-answer questions to make yourself as efficient as possible at that process
grinding to a halt Working for too long without breaks reduces the quality of your work Give yourself time to get some fresh air and stretch
3 Stay Positive Look at the syllabus content to see how much yoursquove coloured or converted to green Remind yourself of how much you actually do know your exam performance will be a pleasant confirmation of your efforts Relax eat well and sleep soundly ndash you will be at your sharpest on the day
4 Make a cheat sheet For a little reassurance the night before the exam make yourself a cheat sheet ndash only a very few essential facts the things that are worrying you on a single postcard You can look over it again before the exam Just remember not to take it into the exam with you
GCSE Only
5 Print out the course content from the syllabus specification You need to be clear on what you know and what you donrsquot The best way to do this is to find the syllabus specification for each exam you are sitting These documents are made freely available by the exam boards Search online for these keywords Board Level Course name amp code and the word ldquoSpecificationrdquohellipeg ldquoAQA GCSE science 4405 specificationrdquo Download the appropriate pages of course content and print them What you will find is a clear distillation of all the information that you are expected to know ndash no waffle just clear instructions ldquoCandidates should recall xrdquo (memorise this) ldquoCandidates should understand yrdquo (do you)
6 Mark your printed syllabus with traffic light colours
Go line by line and in a matter of minutes you will have a priority task list
Green says ldquoI know this Irsquom confident with thisrdquo ndashbe clear on what you already know so you donrsquot waste time on it unnecessarily
Orange says ldquoI should practise this to make sure itrsquos solidrdquo ndash this is the material for which you might look through your textbook and do a few exam-style questions
Red says ldquoI donrsquot know thisrdquo ndash here you need to find your existing notes read the relevant pages in your text book make new notes or ask for help Tackle those priority areas first
19
20
Get a good nights sleepWhile the temptation is to stay up half the night cramming in more facts and
figures the evidence suggests this approach is counter-productive Having a mind that is refreshed alert and ready to respond to circumstances will obviously be
very beneficial
Arrive in plenty of time To perform well on the day you need to be relaxed and to feel in control of the
situation This is difficult to achieve if you have missed breakfast and are stuck on a bus It is a good idea to have 15 minutes quiet timelsquo
Have your equipment readyEach exam has its own requirements Apart from properly functioning pens
pencils rulers etc you may need a calculator for the Maths or Science exam Drawing pencils may be required for diagrams in some subjects A lot of nervous energy can be expended on last-minute hassle if these items arent checked in
advance
Think positiveOn the day of the exam remind yourself of the good things (the material you know well the revision you have completed all the past exam questions done the good
grades achieved) rather than dwelling on areas of weakness
Maintain your focusThere can be a lot of tension drama and hysteria in the air on the days of an
exam You want to keep the balance between maintaining your focus and interacting normally with your friends and classmates Surround yourself with
people who are likely to add to the calm
Beware of post-exam analysisThe more you participate in the exam post-mortem the more confused and
disheartened you are likely to become You cant change what has happened you can only focus on the present and this will need your full attention
Physics equations
Paper 1
Distance = speed X timed = x X t(metres m) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Acceleration = change in velocity divide timea = (v ndash u) divide t(metres per second2 ms2) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Force = mass X accelerationF = m X a(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second2 ms2)
Weight = mass X gravitational field strengthW = m X g(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg)
Momentum = mass X velocityp = m X v(Kilogram metres per second kgms) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Work done = Force X distance moved (in direction of force)
E = F X d(Joule J) (Newton N) (metre m)
Kinetic Energy = frac12 X mass X (speed)2
KE (or Ek) = frac12 X m X V2
(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Gravitational potential energy = mass X gravitational field strength X change in height GPE = m X g X h(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg) (metres m)
Efficiency = useful energy transferred to device divide total energy supplied to the device
Wave speed = frequency X wavelengthv = f X(metres per second ms) (Hertz Hz) (metres m)
Wave speed = distance divide timev = x divide t (metres per second ms) (metres m) (seconds s)
21
Physics equations
Paper 2
Power = Work done divide time taken P = W divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Moment of a force = Force X distance moved in direction of force(Newton metre Nm) (Newton N) (Metre m)
Charge = Current X timeQ = I X t(Coulombs C) (Amps A) (seconds s)
Energy transferred = charge moved X potential differenceE = Q x V(Joules J) (Coulomb C) (Volts V)
potential difference = Current X resistance V = I X R(Volts V) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
Power = Energy transferred divide time taken P = E divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Electrical Power = current X potential differencep = I X v(Watts W) (Amps A) (Volts V)
Electrical Power = current2 X Resistancep = I2 X R(Watts W) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
density = mass divide Volumep = m divide V(Kilograms per metre3 Kgm3) (Kilogram Kg) (metre3 m3)
Force exerted on spring = spring constant X extension F = k X x(Newton N) (Newton metres Nm) (metres m)
Pressure = Force normal to surface divide area of surfaceP = F divide A (Pascal Pa) (Newton N) (metres2 m2)
22
COMBINED Physics equations
Paper 1
Distance = speed X timed = x X t(metres m) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Acceleration = change in velocity divide timea = (v ndash u) divide t(metres per second2 ms2) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Force = mass X accelerationF = m X a(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second2 ms2)
Weight = mass X gravitational field strengthW = m X g(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg)
Momentum = mass X velocityp = m X v(Kilogram metres per second kgms) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Work done = Force X distance moved (in direction of force)
E = F X d(Joule J) (Newton N) (metre m)
Kinetic Energy = frac12 X mass X (speed)2
KE (or Ek) = frac12 X m X V2
(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Gravitational potential energy = mass X gravitational field strength X change in height GPE = m X g X h(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg) (metres m)
Efficiency = useful energy transferred to device divide total energy supplied to the device
Wave speed = frequency X wavelengthv = f X(metres per second ms) (Hertz Hz) (metres m)
Wave speed = distance divide timev = x divide t (metres per second ms) (metres m) (seconds s)
21
COMBINED Physics equations
Paper 2
Power = Work done divide time taken P = W divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Charge = Current X timeQ = I X t(Coulombs C) (Amps A) (seconds s)
Energy transferred = charge moved X potential differenceE = Q x V(Joules J) (Coulomb C) (Volts V)
potential difference = Current X resistance V = I X R(Volts V) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
Power = Energy transferred divide time taken P = E divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Electrical Power = current X potential differencep = I X v(Watts W) (Amps A) (Volts V)
Electrical Power = current2 X Resistancep = I2 X R(Watts W) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
density = mass divide Volumep = m divide V(Kilograms per metre3 Kgm3) (Kilogram Kg) (metre3 m3)
Force exerted on spring = spring constant X extension F = k X x(Newton N) (Newton metres Nm) (metres m)
22
What is itTake a topic and turn your notes into a poster or annotated diagram with lots of illustrations and colour Alternatively create a cartoon strip version of your subject for example describing an event in history or an experiment in science Add speech bubbles and comments to explain whatrsquos going on in each picture
How could I use itOur brains often remember pictures and colours better than words so wersquore only tapping into part of our learning power if we rely on written methods This is likely to be particularly true for people who learn well from visual methods
5Flash Cards
8
7
What is itInstead of writing your notes on pages of paper buy a pack of index cards (available from any stationery shop) and create a set of Flash Cards for each topic Summarise one key concept on each card using highlighter pens to pick out the most important words (or underlining them with felt tips) and illustrate it where possible with a picture
How could I use itThe process of summarising your work into key points is a really effective way of learning Whatrsquos more itrsquos much easier looking through a set of cards than wading through pages of notes ndash so yoursquore creating something that will help you when it gets closer to the exams
6Draw it Posters diagrams amp cartoons
What is itTalking about a topic can really help you to understand it Once yoursquove made your notes you could record yourself reading them out then re-play and listen to this later on Alternatively liven up your revision by turning your notes into a short news-flash or interview
How could I use itFor those of you who learn best by using auditory methods the process of acting or reading aloud will help you to remember the information much more easily
7 Make it Mobiles ampModels
9
8
What is itWhy should all your notes be on paper Try turning them into a completely different form Make a model to demonstrate what yoursquore learning and add labels to explain the different parts Alternatively pick out all the key words and concepts from a particular topic write them onto separate pieces of coloured card and string them together to make a mobile
How could I use itA lot of people find learning easier when theyrsquore making things as opposed simply to reading or writing (We sometimes say these people have a preference for lsquokinaestheticrsquo learning) The process is active and fun and you have an end result that is bound to stick in your mind much more than a page of notes
8Recordyourself
What is itMake a folder of plain sheets of paper one for each subject yoursquore studying This can be done by hand or stored on the computer Whenever yoursquore revising a subject pull out its sheet of paper and add some more questions Remember to note down the answer under each one as well
How could I use itWhile quiet revision is really important a lot of people also learn well by talking things through Towards the end of your revision once your lists of questions are complete ask an adult friend or older brother or sister to quiz you You could have 3 lsquolivesrsquo which you use up whenever you ask for a hint or have to consult your notes
What is itAn old favourite the acrostic method work by linking words and concepts to sentences that will stick in your mind Simply list the words you need to learn then take the first letter of each and think of alternative words that begins with these letters Choose words that link together to make a memorable sentence
How could I use itThis method works particularly well when you have a list to learn eg the planets in the Solar System the names of King Henry VIIIrsquos wives and children or the muscles and bones in the human body An extra advantage is that it helps you to remember things in order- which is sometimes important
9Acrostic Method
10
9
10The Quiz
What is itThis is another version of the Quiz which works in much the same way Buy a pack of blank index cards and use these to create sets of cards for each topic with a question on one side and the answer on the other Vary this sometimes by writing a key word on one side and its definition on the other or make sets for languages with foreign words and their English translation
How could I use itNot only do Question Cards offer a great way of testing yourself (which can be used even if you donrsquot have anyone to work with you) but the process of creating them also helps you learn the material
What is itThis onersquos an absolute winner Find someone (ideally older than you) who is willing to give up some time to be your lsquopupilrsquo then prepare a lsquolessonrsquo in which you will teach a particular topic to them Most importantly encourage them to ask you lots of questions if somethingrsquos not quite clear
How could I use itItrsquos often not until you stand up and try to teach something to someone else that you really come to understand it fully When yoursquore explaining something out loud you canrsquot gloss over those lsquotricky bitsrsquo and you have to be prepared to explain things in several different ways using words that are clear and simple to make sure that your lsquopupilrsquo genuinely understands what yoursquore saying This helps you identify any areas which you havenrsquot understood as well as you thought ndash and these can be followed up with further revision afterwards
11Teach it
11
10
12QuestionCards
12
11
Just try searching in YouTube for the exam board and exams your are studying eg Edexcel combined science or Edexcel
BiologyChemistryPhysics
httpwwwexamtimecom
pupils can create mind maps flashcards and quizzes and revision timetables
wwwbrainscapecom
enables students to make online flashcards that can be downloaded to your phone
or iPod
httpwwwbbccoukschoolsgcsebitesize helps pupils to break down their revision into easy chunks
wwwthebraincom
creates online lsquomind mapsrsquo
httpwwwdocbrowninfo
13
12
REALLY USEFUL
httpwwwtescoukarticleaspxstoryCode=6301212
Has lots of revision tips including a motivational revision booklet games a Jedi Mind Tricks pack etc
This website gives a list of the top 55 educational apps for the ipad
httpwwwteachthoughtcomapps-2the-55-best-best-free-education-apps-for-ipad
CGP Science AppsThese are also pound149 each and are forGCSE science exams They contain over500 different questions and threedifferent game types They also trackyour progress Checkout the websitefor more informationwwwcgpbookscoukapps
14
13
httpsquizletcom
httpwwwdocbrowninfo
1 Scan through all the exam questions
2 Put a mark against all the questions you feel you can answer
3 Read the questions carefully
4 Divide up your time allowing more time for the questions worth more marks
5 Underline or highlight keywords in the question
6 Plan longer answers
7 Use your plan
8 Check your answer against the plan
9 Stick to the point of the question ndash try not to ldquowafflerdquo
10 If you have time re-read your answers and make any necessary corrections
15
Exam technique - Calculation questionsQ1
The photograph shows a man dropping an egg inside a padded box from a height
MOMENTUM = MASS X VELOCITY
P = m x v = 05kg x 18 ms = 9 kg ms
He is investigating to see if the padding stops
the egg from breaking
The velocity of the container was 18 ms as it
hit the floor
The mass of the container was 05 kg
Calculate the momentum of the container
Stage 1
Highlight key information in question
Stage 2
Select correct formula
based upon highlighted information and units ndash (Do
the units need converting)
Stage 3
Write out both the equation
you plan to use and the
calculation you intend to
do
Stage 4
Calculate answer
Stage 5
Double check answer
Stage 6
Write answer WITH UNITS
Q2
In industry sodium carbonate is made from sodium
chloride solution and calcium carbonate in the Solvay
Process
Describe the test to show that calcium carbonate
contains carbonate ions (3 marks)
Exam technique ndash Short answer questions
Stage 1
Highlight key information in
question and look at exam
command word carefully
Stage 2
Think about you learning
that links to key points in
question ndash eg carbonate
ion negative ion tests
for negative ions test for
carbonate ions
Stage 3
Use exam command word
to form answer ndash
lsquoDescribersquo
Stage 4
Carefully construct answer
with number of marks in
mind (3) This should reflect
number of key points given
These questions ask you to link together a series of facts orpieces of information in a logical order Describe questions areoften worth more than one mark ndash make sure you include atleast enough pieces of information to cover the number ofmarks available
When testing for a carbonate ion you first addacid Carbon dioxide gas will then be releasedthat needs to be passed through limewater ndashwhich will turn cloudy
Key points that get marks are underlined and in
bold
17
Chunking as the average person can only hold seven items inshort-term memory grouping items together into chunks canincrease capacity This is generally used for rememberingnumbers (think of how you remember phone numbers bygrouping the seven digits into 2 or 3 chunks) but can be appliedto other listings in various subjects
Repetition Studies indicate that 66 of material is forgotten within seven days if it is not reviewed or recited again by the student Dont make life harder for yourself - build in a brief daily and weekly review of material covered
Application and association The best way to channel material to long-term memory is to organise it into meaningful associations For example if you learn a new formula verb rule try to put it into practice immediately with a relevant example
Use of mnemonics these are various word games which can act as memory aids and which allow personalisation and creativity the colours of the rainbow - Roy G Biv (Richard Of York Gave Battle In Vain to remember red orange yellow green blue indigo violet)
NOT READING THE QUESTIONS
PAPER CORRECTLY
IGNORING HOW MANY MARKS
THERE ARE FOR EACH QUESTION
NOT FINISHING THE PAPER
MISSING PART OF A
QUESTION
Examiners say that this isone of the most regular andfatal errors
Sometimes part of a questioncan be carried onto the nextpage Always take time tofamiliarise yourself with thewhole paper before you startanswering it
Mismanaging your timewithin the exam can easilycost you a full grade Thebiggest exam crime is toleave suitable questionsunattempted
Always take into account how many marks a question is worth and
carefully plan your allocated time Remember to make sure your
answer is worth the marks on offer
ROUGH WORK
Include your rough work with your exam script ndash you
might get some credit for formulae or calculations
Make the point once There are no extra marks for restating facts even if you phrase them differently
REPETITION
18
1 Work SMART This acronym is used in sports psychology but it applies brilliantly to revision Your plans need to be Specific establish what needs to be covered and prioritise the most urgent areas Measurable keep a clear track of what you have done and what remains to be done Adjustable be flexible ndash if yoursquore sick if somebody lsquoborrowsrsquo your textbook whatever gets in the way have some latitude and be ready to make the most of the time you have Realistic aim to do what you can realistically do to the best of your abilities You have limited time and energy Donrsquot spread yourself too thinly Timed schedule lsquopacketsrsquo of quality revision time so you know when you expect to have covered topic X
2 Donrsquot waste timehellip copying notes Instead read each paragraph and then write what you didnrsquot already know in your own words Rephrasing the words reading aloud writing them downhellip the more areas of your brain you exercise in the process the likelier it will be to stick
writing out full practice essays Itrsquos hugely time-consuming and what you need to be sure of is which particular points you would make for any given question Practise planning essays and long-answer questions to make yourself as efficient as possible at that process
grinding to a halt Working for too long without breaks reduces the quality of your work Give yourself time to get some fresh air and stretch
3 Stay Positive Look at the syllabus content to see how much yoursquove coloured or converted to green Remind yourself of how much you actually do know your exam performance will be a pleasant confirmation of your efforts Relax eat well and sleep soundly ndash you will be at your sharpest on the day
4 Make a cheat sheet For a little reassurance the night before the exam make yourself a cheat sheet ndash only a very few essential facts the things that are worrying you on a single postcard You can look over it again before the exam Just remember not to take it into the exam with you
GCSE Only
5 Print out the course content from the syllabus specification You need to be clear on what you know and what you donrsquot The best way to do this is to find the syllabus specification for each exam you are sitting These documents are made freely available by the exam boards Search online for these keywords Board Level Course name amp code and the word ldquoSpecificationrdquohellipeg ldquoAQA GCSE science 4405 specificationrdquo Download the appropriate pages of course content and print them What you will find is a clear distillation of all the information that you are expected to know ndash no waffle just clear instructions ldquoCandidates should recall xrdquo (memorise this) ldquoCandidates should understand yrdquo (do you)
6 Mark your printed syllabus with traffic light colours
Go line by line and in a matter of minutes you will have a priority task list
Green says ldquoI know this Irsquom confident with thisrdquo ndashbe clear on what you already know so you donrsquot waste time on it unnecessarily
Orange says ldquoI should practise this to make sure itrsquos solidrdquo ndash this is the material for which you might look through your textbook and do a few exam-style questions
Red says ldquoI donrsquot know thisrdquo ndash here you need to find your existing notes read the relevant pages in your text book make new notes or ask for help Tackle those priority areas first
19
20
Get a good nights sleepWhile the temptation is to stay up half the night cramming in more facts and
figures the evidence suggests this approach is counter-productive Having a mind that is refreshed alert and ready to respond to circumstances will obviously be
very beneficial
Arrive in plenty of time To perform well on the day you need to be relaxed and to feel in control of the
situation This is difficult to achieve if you have missed breakfast and are stuck on a bus It is a good idea to have 15 minutes quiet timelsquo
Have your equipment readyEach exam has its own requirements Apart from properly functioning pens
pencils rulers etc you may need a calculator for the Maths or Science exam Drawing pencils may be required for diagrams in some subjects A lot of nervous energy can be expended on last-minute hassle if these items arent checked in
advance
Think positiveOn the day of the exam remind yourself of the good things (the material you know well the revision you have completed all the past exam questions done the good
grades achieved) rather than dwelling on areas of weakness
Maintain your focusThere can be a lot of tension drama and hysteria in the air on the days of an
exam You want to keep the balance between maintaining your focus and interacting normally with your friends and classmates Surround yourself with
people who are likely to add to the calm
Beware of post-exam analysisThe more you participate in the exam post-mortem the more confused and
disheartened you are likely to become You cant change what has happened you can only focus on the present and this will need your full attention
Physics equations
Paper 1
Distance = speed X timed = x X t(metres m) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Acceleration = change in velocity divide timea = (v ndash u) divide t(metres per second2 ms2) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Force = mass X accelerationF = m X a(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second2 ms2)
Weight = mass X gravitational field strengthW = m X g(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg)
Momentum = mass X velocityp = m X v(Kilogram metres per second kgms) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Work done = Force X distance moved (in direction of force)
E = F X d(Joule J) (Newton N) (metre m)
Kinetic Energy = frac12 X mass X (speed)2
KE (or Ek) = frac12 X m X V2
(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Gravitational potential energy = mass X gravitational field strength X change in height GPE = m X g X h(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg) (metres m)
Efficiency = useful energy transferred to device divide total energy supplied to the device
Wave speed = frequency X wavelengthv = f X(metres per second ms) (Hertz Hz) (metres m)
Wave speed = distance divide timev = x divide t (metres per second ms) (metres m) (seconds s)
21
Physics equations
Paper 2
Power = Work done divide time taken P = W divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Moment of a force = Force X distance moved in direction of force(Newton metre Nm) (Newton N) (Metre m)
Charge = Current X timeQ = I X t(Coulombs C) (Amps A) (seconds s)
Energy transferred = charge moved X potential differenceE = Q x V(Joules J) (Coulomb C) (Volts V)
potential difference = Current X resistance V = I X R(Volts V) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
Power = Energy transferred divide time taken P = E divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Electrical Power = current X potential differencep = I X v(Watts W) (Amps A) (Volts V)
Electrical Power = current2 X Resistancep = I2 X R(Watts W) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
density = mass divide Volumep = m divide V(Kilograms per metre3 Kgm3) (Kilogram Kg) (metre3 m3)
Force exerted on spring = spring constant X extension F = k X x(Newton N) (Newton metres Nm) (metres m)
Pressure = Force normal to surface divide area of surfaceP = F divide A (Pascal Pa) (Newton N) (metres2 m2)
22
COMBINED Physics equations
Paper 1
Distance = speed X timed = x X t(metres m) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Acceleration = change in velocity divide timea = (v ndash u) divide t(metres per second2 ms2) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Force = mass X accelerationF = m X a(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second2 ms2)
Weight = mass X gravitational field strengthW = m X g(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg)
Momentum = mass X velocityp = m X v(Kilogram metres per second kgms) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Work done = Force X distance moved (in direction of force)
E = F X d(Joule J) (Newton N) (metre m)
Kinetic Energy = frac12 X mass X (speed)2
KE (or Ek) = frac12 X m X V2
(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Gravitational potential energy = mass X gravitational field strength X change in height GPE = m X g X h(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg) (metres m)
Efficiency = useful energy transferred to device divide total energy supplied to the device
Wave speed = frequency X wavelengthv = f X(metres per second ms) (Hertz Hz) (metres m)
Wave speed = distance divide timev = x divide t (metres per second ms) (metres m) (seconds s)
21
COMBINED Physics equations
Paper 2
Power = Work done divide time taken P = W divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Charge = Current X timeQ = I X t(Coulombs C) (Amps A) (seconds s)
Energy transferred = charge moved X potential differenceE = Q x V(Joules J) (Coulomb C) (Volts V)
potential difference = Current X resistance V = I X R(Volts V) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
Power = Energy transferred divide time taken P = E divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Electrical Power = current X potential differencep = I X v(Watts W) (Amps A) (Volts V)
Electrical Power = current2 X Resistancep = I2 X R(Watts W) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
density = mass divide Volumep = m divide V(Kilograms per metre3 Kgm3) (Kilogram Kg) (metre3 m3)
Force exerted on spring = spring constant X extension F = k X x(Newton N) (Newton metres Nm) (metres m)
22
What is itTalking about a topic can really help you to understand it Once yoursquove made your notes you could record yourself reading them out then re-play and listen to this later on Alternatively liven up your revision by turning your notes into a short news-flash or interview
How could I use itFor those of you who learn best by using auditory methods the process of acting or reading aloud will help you to remember the information much more easily
7 Make it Mobiles ampModels
9
8
What is itWhy should all your notes be on paper Try turning them into a completely different form Make a model to demonstrate what yoursquore learning and add labels to explain the different parts Alternatively pick out all the key words and concepts from a particular topic write them onto separate pieces of coloured card and string them together to make a mobile
How could I use itA lot of people find learning easier when theyrsquore making things as opposed simply to reading or writing (We sometimes say these people have a preference for lsquokinaestheticrsquo learning) The process is active and fun and you have an end result that is bound to stick in your mind much more than a page of notes
8Recordyourself
What is itMake a folder of plain sheets of paper one for each subject yoursquore studying This can be done by hand or stored on the computer Whenever yoursquore revising a subject pull out its sheet of paper and add some more questions Remember to note down the answer under each one as well
How could I use itWhile quiet revision is really important a lot of people also learn well by talking things through Towards the end of your revision once your lists of questions are complete ask an adult friend or older brother or sister to quiz you You could have 3 lsquolivesrsquo which you use up whenever you ask for a hint or have to consult your notes
What is itAn old favourite the acrostic method work by linking words and concepts to sentences that will stick in your mind Simply list the words you need to learn then take the first letter of each and think of alternative words that begins with these letters Choose words that link together to make a memorable sentence
How could I use itThis method works particularly well when you have a list to learn eg the planets in the Solar System the names of King Henry VIIIrsquos wives and children or the muscles and bones in the human body An extra advantage is that it helps you to remember things in order- which is sometimes important
9Acrostic Method
10
9
10The Quiz
What is itThis is another version of the Quiz which works in much the same way Buy a pack of blank index cards and use these to create sets of cards for each topic with a question on one side and the answer on the other Vary this sometimes by writing a key word on one side and its definition on the other or make sets for languages with foreign words and their English translation
How could I use itNot only do Question Cards offer a great way of testing yourself (which can be used even if you donrsquot have anyone to work with you) but the process of creating them also helps you learn the material
What is itThis onersquos an absolute winner Find someone (ideally older than you) who is willing to give up some time to be your lsquopupilrsquo then prepare a lsquolessonrsquo in which you will teach a particular topic to them Most importantly encourage them to ask you lots of questions if somethingrsquos not quite clear
How could I use itItrsquos often not until you stand up and try to teach something to someone else that you really come to understand it fully When yoursquore explaining something out loud you canrsquot gloss over those lsquotricky bitsrsquo and you have to be prepared to explain things in several different ways using words that are clear and simple to make sure that your lsquopupilrsquo genuinely understands what yoursquore saying This helps you identify any areas which you havenrsquot understood as well as you thought ndash and these can be followed up with further revision afterwards
11Teach it
11
10
12QuestionCards
12
11
Just try searching in YouTube for the exam board and exams your are studying eg Edexcel combined science or Edexcel
BiologyChemistryPhysics
httpwwwexamtimecom
pupils can create mind maps flashcards and quizzes and revision timetables
wwwbrainscapecom
enables students to make online flashcards that can be downloaded to your phone
or iPod
httpwwwbbccoukschoolsgcsebitesize helps pupils to break down their revision into easy chunks
wwwthebraincom
creates online lsquomind mapsrsquo
httpwwwdocbrowninfo
13
12
REALLY USEFUL
httpwwwtescoukarticleaspxstoryCode=6301212
Has lots of revision tips including a motivational revision booklet games a Jedi Mind Tricks pack etc
This website gives a list of the top 55 educational apps for the ipad
httpwwwteachthoughtcomapps-2the-55-best-best-free-education-apps-for-ipad
CGP Science AppsThese are also pound149 each and are forGCSE science exams They contain over500 different questions and threedifferent game types They also trackyour progress Checkout the websitefor more informationwwwcgpbookscoukapps
14
13
httpsquizletcom
httpwwwdocbrowninfo
1 Scan through all the exam questions
2 Put a mark against all the questions you feel you can answer
3 Read the questions carefully
4 Divide up your time allowing more time for the questions worth more marks
5 Underline or highlight keywords in the question
6 Plan longer answers
7 Use your plan
8 Check your answer against the plan
9 Stick to the point of the question ndash try not to ldquowafflerdquo
10 If you have time re-read your answers and make any necessary corrections
15
Exam technique - Calculation questionsQ1
The photograph shows a man dropping an egg inside a padded box from a height
MOMENTUM = MASS X VELOCITY
P = m x v = 05kg x 18 ms = 9 kg ms
He is investigating to see if the padding stops
the egg from breaking
The velocity of the container was 18 ms as it
hit the floor
The mass of the container was 05 kg
Calculate the momentum of the container
Stage 1
Highlight key information in question
Stage 2
Select correct formula
based upon highlighted information and units ndash (Do
the units need converting)
Stage 3
Write out both the equation
you plan to use and the
calculation you intend to
do
Stage 4
Calculate answer
Stage 5
Double check answer
Stage 6
Write answer WITH UNITS
Q2
In industry sodium carbonate is made from sodium
chloride solution and calcium carbonate in the Solvay
Process
Describe the test to show that calcium carbonate
contains carbonate ions (3 marks)
Exam technique ndash Short answer questions
Stage 1
Highlight key information in
question and look at exam
command word carefully
Stage 2
Think about you learning
that links to key points in
question ndash eg carbonate
ion negative ion tests
for negative ions test for
carbonate ions
Stage 3
Use exam command word
to form answer ndash
lsquoDescribersquo
Stage 4
Carefully construct answer
with number of marks in
mind (3) This should reflect
number of key points given
These questions ask you to link together a series of facts orpieces of information in a logical order Describe questions areoften worth more than one mark ndash make sure you include atleast enough pieces of information to cover the number ofmarks available
When testing for a carbonate ion you first addacid Carbon dioxide gas will then be releasedthat needs to be passed through limewater ndashwhich will turn cloudy
Key points that get marks are underlined and in
bold
17
Chunking as the average person can only hold seven items inshort-term memory grouping items together into chunks canincrease capacity This is generally used for rememberingnumbers (think of how you remember phone numbers bygrouping the seven digits into 2 or 3 chunks) but can be appliedto other listings in various subjects
Repetition Studies indicate that 66 of material is forgotten within seven days if it is not reviewed or recited again by the student Dont make life harder for yourself - build in a brief daily and weekly review of material covered
Application and association The best way to channel material to long-term memory is to organise it into meaningful associations For example if you learn a new formula verb rule try to put it into practice immediately with a relevant example
Use of mnemonics these are various word games which can act as memory aids and which allow personalisation and creativity the colours of the rainbow - Roy G Biv (Richard Of York Gave Battle In Vain to remember red orange yellow green blue indigo violet)
NOT READING THE QUESTIONS
PAPER CORRECTLY
IGNORING HOW MANY MARKS
THERE ARE FOR EACH QUESTION
NOT FINISHING THE PAPER
MISSING PART OF A
QUESTION
Examiners say that this isone of the most regular andfatal errors
Sometimes part of a questioncan be carried onto the nextpage Always take time tofamiliarise yourself with thewhole paper before you startanswering it
Mismanaging your timewithin the exam can easilycost you a full grade Thebiggest exam crime is toleave suitable questionsunattempted
Always take into account how many marks a question is worth and
carefully plan your allocated time Remember to make sure your
answer is worth the marks on offer
ROUGH WORK
Include your rough work with your exam script ndash you
might get some credit for formulae or calculations
Make the point once There are no extra marks for restating facts even if you phrase them differently
REPETITION
18
1 Work SMART This acronym is used in sports psychology but it applies brilliantly to revision Your plans need to be Specific establish what needs to be covered and prioritise the most urgent areas Measurable keep a clear track of what you have done and what remains to be done Adjustable be flexible ndash if yoursquore sick if somebody lsquoborrowsrsquo your textbook whatever gets in the way have some latitude and be ready to make the most of the time you have Realistic aim to do what you can realistically do to the best of your abilities You have limited time and energy Donrsquot spread yourself too thinly Timed schedule lsquopacketsrsquo of quality revision time so you know when you expect to have covered topic X
2 Donrsquot waste timehellip copying notes Instead read each paragraph and then write what you didnrsquot already know in your own words Rephrasing the words reading aloud writing them downhellip the more areas of your brain you exercise in the process the likelier it will be to stick
writing out full practice essays Itrsquos hugely time-consuming and what you need to be sure of is which particular points you would make for any given question Practise planning essays and long-answer questions to make yourself as efficient as possible at that process
grinding to a halt Working for too long without breaks reduces the quality of your work Give yourself time to get some fresh air and stretch
3 Stay Positive Look at the syllabus content to see how much yoursquove coloured or converted to green Remind yourself of how much you actually do know your exam performance will be a pleasant confirmation of your efforts Relax eat well and sleep soundly ndash you will be at your sharpest on the day
4 Make a cheat sheet For a little reassurance the night before the exam make yourself a cheat sheet ndash only a very few essential facts the things that are worrying you on a single postcard You can look over it again before the exam Just remember not to take it into the exam with you
GCSE Only
5 Print out the course content from the syllabus specification You need to be clear on what you know and what you donrsquot The best way to do this is to find the syllabus specification for each exam you are sitting These documents are made freely available by the exam boards Search online for these keywords Board Level Course name amp code and the word ldquoSpecificationrdquohellipeg ldquoAQA GCSE science 4405 specificationrdquo Download the appropriate pages of course content and print them What you will find is a clear distillation of all the information that you are expected to know ndash no waffle just clear instructions ldquoCandidates should recall xrdquo (memorise this) ldquoCandidates should understand yrdquo (do you)
6 Mark your printed syllabus with traffic light colours
Go line by line and in a matter of minutes you will have a priority task list
Green says ldquoI know this Irsquom confident with thisrdquo ndashbe clear on what you already know so you donrsquot waste time on it unnecessarily
Orange says ldquoI should practise this to make sure itrsquos solidrdquo ndash this is the material for which you might look through your textbook and do a few exam-style questions
Red says ldquoI donrsquot know thisrdquo ndash here you need to find your existing notes read the relevant pages in your text book make new notes or ask for help Tackle those priority areas first
19
20
Get a good nights sleepWhile the temptation is to stay up half the night cramming in more facts and
figures the evidence suggests this approach is counter-productive Having a mind that is refreshed alert and ready to respond to circumstances will obviously be
very beneficial
Arrive in plenty of time To perform well on the day you need to be relaxed and to feel in control of the
situation This is difficult to achieve if you have missed breakfast and are stuck on a bus It is a good idea to have 15 minutes quiet timelsquo
Have your equipment readyEach exam has its own requirements Apart from properly functioning pens
pencils rulers etc you may need a calculator for the Maths or Science exam Drawing pencils may be required for diagrams in some subjects A lot of nervous energy can be expended on last-minute hassle if these items arent checked in
advance
Think positiveOn the day of the exam remind yourself of the good things (the material you know well the revision you have completed all the past exam questions done the good
grades achieved) rather than dwelling on areas of weakness
Maintain your focusThere can be a lot of tension drama and hysteria in the air on the days of an
exam You want to keep the balance between maintaining your focus and interacting normally with your friends and classmates Surround yourself with
people who are likely to add to the calm
Beware of post-exam analysisThe more you participate in the exam post-mortem the more confused and
disheartened you are likely to become You cant change what has happened you can only focus on the present and this will need your full attention
Physics equations
Paper 1
Distance = speed X timed = x X t(metres m) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Acceleration = change in velocity divide timea = (v ndash u) divide t(metres per second2 ms2) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Force = mass X accelerationF = m X a(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second2 ms2)
Weight = mass X gravitational field strengthW = m X g(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg)
Momentum = mass X velocityp = m X v(Kilogram metres per second kgms) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Work done = Force X distance moved (in direction of force)
E = F X d(Joule J) (Newton N) (metre m)
Kinetic Energy = frac12 X mass X (speed)2
KE (or Ek) = frac12 X m X V2
(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Gravitational potential energy = mass X gravitational field strength X change in height GPE = m X g X h(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg) (metres m)
Efficiency = useful energy transferred to device divide total energy supplied to the device
Wave speed = frequency X wavelengthv = f X(metres per second ms) (Hertz Hz) (metres m)
Wave speed = distance divide timev = x divide t (metres per second ms) (metres m) (seconds s)
21
Physics equations
Paper 2
Power = Work done divide time taken P = W divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Moment of a force = Force X distance moved in direction of force(Newton metre Nm) (Newton N) (Metre m)
Charge = Current X timeQ = I X t(Coulombs C) (Amps A) (seconds s)
Energy transferred = charge moved X potential differenceE = Q x V(Joules J) (Coulomb C) (Volts V)
potential difference = Current X resistance V = I X R(Volts V) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
Power = Energy transferred divide time taken P = E divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Electrical Power = current X potential differencep = I X v(Watts W) (Amps A) (Volts V)
Electrical Power = current2 X Resistancep = I2 X R(Watts W) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
density = mass divide Volumep = m divide V(Kilograms per metre3 Kgm3) (Kilogram Kg) (metre3 m3)
Force exerted on spring = spring constant X extension F = k X x(Newton N) (Newton metres Nm) (metres m)
Pressure = Force normal to surface divide area of surfaceP = F divide A (Pascal Pa) (Newton N) (metres2 m2)
22
COMBINED Physics equations
Paper 1
Distance = speed X timed = x X t(metres m) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Acceleration = change in velocity divide timea = (v ndash u) divide t(metres per second2 ms2) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Force = mass X accelerationF = m X a(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second2 ms2)
Weight = mass X gravitational field strengthW = m X g(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg)
Momentum = mass X velocityp = m X v(Kilogram metres per second kgms) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Work done = Force X distance moved (in direction of force)
E = F X d(Joule J) (Newton N) (metre m)
Kinetic Energy = frac12 X mass X (speed)2
KE (or Ek) = frac12 X m X V2
(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Gravitational potential energy = mass X gravitational field strength X change in height GPE = m X g X h(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg) (metres m)
Efficiency = useful energy transferred to device divide total energy supplied to the device
Wave speed = frequency X wavelengthv = f X(metres per second ms) (Hertz Hz) (metres m)
Wave speed = distance divide timev = x divide t (metres per second ms) (metres m) (seconds s)
21
COMBINED Physics equations
Paper 2
Power = Work done divide time taken P = W divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Charge = Current X timeQ = I X t(Coulombs C) (Amps A) (seconds s)
Energy transferred = charge moved X potential differenceE = Q x V(Joules J) (Coulomb C) (Volts V)
potential difference = Current X resistance V = I X R(Volts V) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
Power = Energy transferred divide time taken P = E divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Electrical Power = current X potential differencep = I X v(Watts W) (Amps A) (Volts V)
Electrical Power = current2 X Resistancep = I2 X R(Watts W) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
density = mass divide Volumep = m divide V(Kilograms per metre3 Kgm3) (Kilogram Kg) (metre3 m3)
Force exerted on spring = spring constant X extension F = k X x(Newton N) (Newton metres Nm) (metres m)
22
What is itMake a folder of plain sheets of paper one for each subject yoursquore studying This can be done by hand or stored on the computer Whenever yoursquore revising a subject pull out its sheet of paper and add some more questions Remember to note down the answer under each one as well
How could I use itWhile quiet revision is really important a lot of people also learn well by talking things through Towards the end of your revision once your lists of questions are complete ask an adult friend or older brother or sister to quiz you You could have 3 lsquolivesrsquo which you use up whenever you ask for a hint or have to consult your notes
What is itAn old favourite the acrostic method work by linking words and concepts to sentences that will stick in your mind Simply list the words you need to learn then take the first letter of each and think of alternative words that begins with these letters Choose words that link together to make a memorable sentence
How could I use itThis method works particularly well when you have a list to learn eg the planets in the Solar System the names of King Henry VIIIrsquos wives and children or the muscles and bones in the human body An extra advantage is that it helps you to remember things in order- which is sometimes important
9Acrostic Method
10
9
10The Quiz
What is itThis is another version of the Quiz which works in much the same way Buy a pack of blank index cards and use these to create sets of cards for each topic with a question on one side and the answer on the other Vary this sometimes by writing a key word on one side and its definition on the other or make sets for languages with foreign words and their English translation
How could I use itNot only do Question Cards offer a great way of testing yourself (which can be used even if you donrsquot have anyone to work with you) but the process of creating them also helps you learn the material
What is itThis onersquos an absolute winner Find someone (ideally older than you) who is willing to give up some time to be your lsquopupilrsquo then prepare a lsquolessonrsquo in which you will teach a particular topic to them Most importantly encourage them to ask you lots of questions if somethingrsquos not quite clear
How could I use itItrsquos often not until you stand up and try to teach something to someone else that you really come to understand it fully When yoursquore explaining something out loud you canrsquot gloss over those lsquotricky bitsrsquo and you have to be prepared to explain things in several different ways using words that are clear and simple to make sure that your lsquopupilrsquo genuinely understands what yoursquore saying This helps you identify any areas which you havenrsquot understood as well as you thought ndash and these can be followed up with further revision afterwards
11Teach it
11
10
12QuestionCards
12
11
Just try searching in YouTube for the exam board and exams your are studying eg Edexcel combined science or Edexcel
BiologyChemistryPhysics
httpwwwexamtimecom
pupils can create mind maps flashcards and quizzes and revision timetables
wwwbrainscapecom
enables students to make online flashcards that can be downloaded to your phone
or iPod
httpwwwbbccoukschoolsgcsebitesize helps pupils to break down their revision into easy chunks
wwwthebraincom
creates online lsquomind mapsrsquo
httpwwwdocbrowninfo
13
12
REALLY USEFUL
httpwwwtescoukarticleaspxstoryCode=6301212
Has lots of revision tips including a motivational revision booklet games a Jedi Mind Tricks pack etc
This website gives a list of the top 55 educational apps for the ipad
httpwwwteachthoughtcomapps-2the-55-best-best-free-education-apps-for-ipad
CGP Science AppsThese are also pound149 each and are forGCSE science exams They contain over500 different questions and threedifferent game types They also trackyour progress Checkout the websitefor more informationwwwcgpbookscoukapps
14
13
httpsquizletcom
httpwwwdocbrowninfo
1 Scan through all the exam questions
2 Put a mark against all the questions you feel you can answer
3 Read the questions carefully
4 Divide up your time allowing more time for the questions worth more marks
5 Underline or highlight keywords in the question
6 Plan longer answers
7 Use your plan
8 Check your answer against the plan
9 Stick to the point of the question ndash try not to ldquowafflerdquo
10 If you have time re-read your answers and make any necessary corrections
15
Exam technique - Calculation questionsQ1
The photograph shows a man dropping an egg inside a padded box from a height
MOMENTUM = MASS X VELOCITY
P = m x v = 05kg x 18 ms = 9 kg ms
He is investigating to see if the padding stops
the egg from breaking
The velocity of the container was 18 ms as it
hit the floor
The mass of the container was 05 kg
Calculate the momentum of the container
Stage 1
Highlight key information in question
Stage 2
Select correct formula
based upon highlighted information and units ndash (Do
the units need converting)
Stage 3
Write out both the equation
you plan to use and the
calculation you intend to
do
Stage 4
Calculate answer
Stage 5
Double check answer
Stage 6
Write answer WITH UNITS
Q2
In industry sodium carbonate is made from sodium
chloride solution and calcium carbonate in the Solvay
Process
Describe the test to show that calcium carbonate
contains carbonate ions (3 marks)
Exam technique ndash Short answer questions
Stage 1
Highlight key information in
question and look at exam
command word carefully
Stage 2
Think about you learning
that links to key points in
question ndash eg carbonate
ion negative ion tests
for negative ions test for
carbonate ions
Stage 3
Use exam command word
to form answer ndash
lsquoDescribersquo
Stage 4
Carefully construct answer
with number of marks in
mind (3) This should reflect
number of key points given
These questions ask you to link together a series of facts orpieces of information in a logical order Describe questions areoften worth more than one mark ndash make sure you include atleast enough pieces of information to cover the number ofmarks available
When testing for a carbonate ion you first addacid Carbon dioxide gas will then be releasedthat needs to be passed through limewater ndashwhich will turn cloudy
Key points that get marks are underlined and in
bold
17
Chunking as the average person can only hold seven items inshort-term memory grouping items together into chunks canincrease capacity This is generally used for rememberingnumbers (think of how you remember phone numbers bygrouping the seven digits into 2 or 3 chunks) but can be appliedto other listings in various subjects
Repetition Studies indicate that 66 of material is forgotten within seven days if it is not reviewed or recited again by the student Dont make life harder for yourself - build in a brief daily and weekly review of material covered
Application and association The best way to channel material to long-term memory is to organise it into meaningful associations For example if you learn a new formula verb rule try to put it into practice immediately with a relevant example
Use of mnemonics these are various word games which can act as memory aids and which allow personalisation and creativity the colours of the rainbow - Roy G Biv (Richard Of York Gave Battle In Vain to remember red orange yellow green blue indigo violet)
NOT READING THE QUESTIONS
PAPER CORRECTLY
IGNORING HOW MANY MARKS
THERE ARE FOR EACH QUESTION
NOT FINISHING THE PAPER
MISSING PART OF A
QUESTION
Examiners say that this isone of the most regular andfatal errors
Sometimes part of a questioncan be carried onto the nextpage Always take time tofamiliarise yourself with thewhole paper before you startanswering it
Mismanaging your timewithin the exam can easilycost you a full grade Thebiggest exam crime is toleave suitable questionsunattempted
Always take into account how many marks a question is worth and
carefully plan your allocated time Remember to make sure your
answer is worth the marks on offer
ROUGH WORK
Include your rough work with your exam script ndash you
might get some credit for formulae or calculations
Make the point once There are no extra marks for restating facts even if you phrase them differently
REPETITION
18
1 Work SMART This acronym is used in sports psychology but it applies brilliantly to revision Your plans need to be Specific establish what needs to be covered and prioritise the most urgent areas Measurable keep a clear track of what you have done and what remains to be done Adjustable be flexible ndash if yoursquore sick if somebody lsquoborrowsrsquo your textbook whatever gets in the way have some latitude and be ready to make the most of the time you have Realistic aim to do what you can realistically do to the best of your abilities You have limited time and energy Donrsquot spread yourself too thinly Timed schedule lsquopacketsrsquo of quality revision time so you know when you expect to have covered topic X
2 Donrsquot waste timehellip copying notes Instead read each paragraph and then write what you didnrsquot already know in your own words Rephrasing the words reading aloud writing them downhellip the more areas of your brain you exercise in the process the likelier it will be to stick
writing out full practice essays Itrsquos hugely time-consuming and what you need to be sure of is which particular points you would make for any given question Practise planning essays and long-answer questions to make yourself as efficient as possible at that process
grinding to a halt Working for too long without breaks reduces the quality of your work Give yourself time to get some fresh air and stretch
3 Stay Positive Look at the syllabus content to see how much yoursquove coloured or converted to green Remind yourself of how much you actually do know your exam performance will be a pleasant confirmation of your efforts Relax eat well and sleep soundly ndash you will be at your sharpest on the day
4 Make a cheat sheet For a little reassurance the night before the exam make yourself a cheat sheet ndash only a very few essential facts the things that are worrying you on a single postcard You can look over it again before the exam Just remember not to take it into the exam with you
GCSE Only
5 Print out the course content from the syllabus specification You need to be clear on what you know and what you donrsquot The best way to do this is to find the syllabus specification for each exam you are sitting These documents are made freely available by the exam boards Search online for these keywords Board Level Course name amp code and the word ldquoSpecificationrdquohellipeg ldquoAQA GCSE science 4405 specificationrdquo Download the appropriate pages of course content and print them What you will find is a clear distillation of all the information that you are expected to know ndash no waffle just clear instructions ldquoCandidates should recall xrdquo (memorise this) ldquoCandidates should understand yrdquo (do you)
6 Mark your printed syllabus with traffic light colours
Go line by line and in a matter of minutes you will have a priority task list
Green says ldquoI know this Irsquom confident with thisrdquo ndashbe clear on what you already know so you donrsquot waste time on it unnecessarily
Orange says ldquoI should practise this to make sure itrsquos solidrdquo ndash this is the material for which you might look through your textbook and do a few exam-style questions
Red says ldquoI donrsquot know thisrdquo ndash here you need to find your existing notes read the relevant pages in your text book make new notes or ask for help Tackle those priority areas first
19
20
Get a good nights sleepWhile the temptation is to stay up half the night cramming in more facts and
figures the evidence suggests this approach is counter-productive Having a mind that is refreshed alert and ready to respond to circumstances will obviously be
very beneficial
Arrive in plenty of time To perform well on the day you need to be relaxed and to feel in control of the
situation This is difficult to achieve if you have missed breakfast and are stuck on a bus It is a good idea to have 15 minutes quiet timelsquo
Have your equipment readyEach exam has its own requirements Apart from properly functioning pens
pencils rulers etc you may need a calculator for the Maths or Science exam Drawing pencils may be required for diagrams in some subjects A lot of nervous energy can be expended on last-minute hassle if these items arent checked in
advance
Think positiveOn the day of the exam remind yourself of the good things (the material you know well the revision you have completed all the past exam questions done the good
grades achieved) rather than dwelling on areas of weakness
Maintain your focusThere can be a lot of tension drama and hysteria in the air on the days of an
exam You want to keep the balance between maintaining your focus and interacting normally with your friends and classmates Surround yourself with
people who are likely to add to the calm
Beware of post-exam analysisThe more you participate in the exam post-mortem the more confused and
disheartened you are likely to become You cant change what has happened you can only focus on the present and this will need your full attention
Physics equations
Paper 1
Distance = speed X timed = x X t(metres m) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Acceleration = change in velocity divide timea = (v ndash u) divide t(metres per second2 ms2) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Force = mass X accelerationF = m X a(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second2 ms2)
Weight = mass X gravitational field strengthW = m X g(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg)
Momentum = mass X velocityp = m X v(Kilogram metres per second kgms) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Work done = Force X distance moved (in direction of force)
E = F X d(Joule J) (Newton N) (metre m)
Kinetic Energy = frac12 X mass X (speed)2
KE (or Ek) = frac12 X m X V2
(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Gravitational potential energy = mass X gravitational field strength X change in height GPE = m X g X h(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg) (metres m)
Efficiency = useful energy transferred to device divide total energy supplied to the device
Wave speed = frequency X wavelengthv = f X(metres per second ms) (Hertz Hz) (metres m)
Wave speed = distance divide timev = x divide t (metres per second ms) (metres m) (seconds s)
21
Physics equations
Paper 2
Power = Work done divide time taken P = W divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Moment of a force = Force X distance moved in direction of force(Newton metre Nm) (Newton N) (Metre m)
Charge = Current X timeQ = I X t(Coulombs C) (Amps A) (seconds s)
Energy transferred = charge moved X potential differenceE = Q x V(Joules J) (Coulomb C) (Volts V)
potential difference = Current X resistance V = I X R(Volts V) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
Power = Energy transferred divide time taken P = E divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Electrical Power = current X potential differencep = I X v(Watts W) (Amps A) (Volts V)
Electrical Power = current2 X Resistancep = I2 X R(Watts W) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
density = mass divide Volumep = m divide V(Kilograms per metre3 Kgm3) (Kilogram Kg) (metre3 m3)
Force exerted on spring = spring constant X extension F = k X x(Newton N) (Newton metres Nm) (metres m)
Pressure = Force normal to surface divide area of surfaceP = F divide A (Pascal Pa) (Newton N) (metres2 m2)
22
COMBINED Physics equations
Paper 1
Distance = speed X timed = x X t(metres m) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Acceleration = change in velocity divide timea = (v ndash u) divide t(metres per second2 ms2) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Force = mass X accelerationF = m X a(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second2 ms2)
Weight = mass X gravitational field strengthW = m X g(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg)
Momentum = mass X velocityp = m X v(Kilogram metres per second kgms) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Work done = Force X distance moved (in direction of force)
E = F X d(Joule J) (Newton N) (metre m)
Kinetic Energy = frac12 X mass X (speed)2
KE (or Ek) = frac12 X m X V2
(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Gravitational potential energy = mass X gravitational field strength X change in height GPE = m X g X h(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg) (metres m)
Efficiency = useful energy transferred to device divide total energy supplied to the device
Wave speed = frequency X wavelengthv = f X(metres per second ms) (Hertz Hz) (metres m)
Wave speed = distance divide timev = x divide t (metres per second ms) (metres m) (seconds s)
21
COMBINED Physics equations
Paper 2
Power = Work done divide time taken P = W divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Charge = Current X timeQ = I X t(Coulombs C) (Amps A) (seconds s)
Energy transferred = charge moved X potential differenceE = Q x V(Joules J) (Coulomb C) (Volts V)
potential difference = Current X resistance V = I X R(Volts V) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
Power = Energy transferred divide time taken P = E divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Electrical Power = current X potential differencep = I X v(Watts W) (Amps A) (Volts V)
Electrical Power = current2 X Resistancep = I2 X R(Watts W) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
density = mass divide Volumep = m divide V(Kilograms per metre3 Kgm3) (Kilogram Kg) (metre3 m3)
Force exerted on spring = spring constant X extension F = k X x(Newton N) (Newton metres Nm) (metres m)
22
What is itThis is another version of the Quiz which works in much the same way Buy a pack of blank index cards and use these to create sets of cards for each topic with a question on one side and the answer on the other Vary this sometimes by writing a key word on one side and its definition on the other or make sets for languages with foreign words and their English translation
How could I use itNot only do Question Cards offer a great way of testing yourself (which can be used even if you donrsquot have anyone to work with you) but the process of creating them also helps you learn the material
What is itThis onersquos an absolute winner Find someone (ideally older than you) who is willing to give up some time to be your lsquopupilrsquo then prepare a lsquolessonrsquo in which you will teach a particular topic to them Most importantly encourage them to ask you lots of questions if somethingrsquos not quite clear
How could I use itItrsquos often not until you stand up and try to teach something to someone else that you really come to understand it fully When yoursquore explaining something out loud you canrsquot gloss over those lsquotricky bitsrsquo and you have to be prepared to explain things in several different ways using words that are clear and simple to make sure that your lsquopupilrsquo genuinely understands what yoursquore saying This helps you identify any areas which you havenrsquot understood as well as you thought ndash and these can be followed up with further revision afterwards
11Teach it
11
10
12QuestionCards
12
11
Just try searching in YouTube for the exam board and exams your are studying eg Edexcel combined science or Edexcel
BiologyChemistryPhysics
httpwwwexamtimecom
pupils can create mind maps flashcards and quizzes and revision timetables
wwwbrainscapecom
enables students to make online flashcards that can be downloaded to your phone
or iPod
httpwwwbbccoukschoolsgcsebitesize helps pupils to break down their revision into easy chunks
wwwthebraincom
creates online lsquomind mapsrsquo
httpwwwdocbrowninfo
13
12
REALLY USEFUL
httpwwwtescoukarticleaspxstoryCode=6301212
Has lots of revision tips including a motivational revision booklet games a Jedi Mind Tricks pack etc
This website gives a list of the top 55 educational apps for the ipad
httpwwwteachthoughtcomapps-2the-55-best-best-free-education-apps-for-ipad
CGP Science AppsThese are also pound149 each and are forGCSE science exams They contain over500 different questions and threedifferent game types They also trackyour progress Checkout the websitefor more informationwwwcgpbookscoukapps
14
13
httpsquizletcom
httpwwwdocbrowninfo
1 Scan through all the exam questions
2 Put a mark against all the questions you feel you can answer
3 Read the questions carefully
4 Divide up your time allowing more time for the questions worth more marks
5 Underline or highlight keywords in the question
6 Plan longer answers
7 Use your plan
8 Check your answer against the plan
9 Stick to the point of the question ndash try not to ldquowafflerdquo
10 If you have time re-read your answers and make any necessary corrections
15
Exam technique - Calculation questionsQ1
The photograph shows a man dropping an egg inside a padded box from a height
MOMENTUM = MASS X VELOCITY
P = m x v = 05kg x 18 ms = 9 kg ms
He is investigating to see if the padding stops
the egg from breaking
The velocity of the container was 18 ms as it
hit the floor
The mass of the container was 05 kg
Calculate the momentum of the container
Stage 1
Highlight key information in question
Stage 2
Select correct formula
based upon highlighted information and units ndash (Do
the units need converting)
Stage 3
Write out both the equation
you plan to use and the
calculation you intend to
do
Stage 4
Calculate answer
Stage 5
Double check answer
Stage 6
Write answer WITH UNITS
Q2
In industry sodium carbonate is made from sodium
chloride solution and calcium carbonate in the Solvay
Process
Describe the test to show that calcium carbonate
contains carbonate ions (3 marks)
Exam technique ndash Short answer questions
Stage 1
Highlight key information in
question and look at exam
command word carefully
Stage 2
Think about you learning
that links to key points in
question ndash eg carbonate
ion negative ion tests
for negative ions test for
carbonate ions
Stage 3
Use exam command word
to form answer ndash
lsquoDescribersquo
Stage 4
Carefully construct answer
with number of marks in
mind (3) This should reflect
number of key points given
These questions ask you to link together a series of facts orpieces of information in a logical order Describe questions areoften worth more than one mark ndash make sure you include atleast enough pieces of information to cover the number ofmarks available
When testing for a carbonate ion you first addacid Carbon dioxide gas will then be releasedthat needs to be passed through limewater ndashwhich will turn cloudy
Key points that get marks are underlined and in
bold
17
Chunking as the average person can only hold seven items inshort-term memory grouping items together into chunks canincrease capacity This is generally used for rememberingnumbers (think of how you remember phone numbers bygrouping the seven digits into 2 or 3 chunks) but can be appliedto other listings in various subjects
Repetition Studies indicate that 66 of material is forgotten within seven days if it is not reviewed or recited again by the student Dont make life harder for yourself - build in a brief daily and weekly review of material covered
Application and association The best way to channel material to long-term memory is to organise it into meaningful associations For example if you learn a new formula verb rule try to put it into practice immediately with a relevant example
Use of mnemonics these are various word games which can act as memory aids and which allow personalisation and creativity the colours of the rainbow - Roy G Biv (Richard Of York Gave Battle In Vain to remember red orange yellow green blue indigo violet)
NOT READING THE QUESTIONS
PAPER CORRECTLY
IGNORING HOW MANY MARKS
THERE ARE FOR EACH QUESTION
NOT FINISHING THE PAPER
MISSING PART OF A
QUESTION
Examiners say that this isone of the most regular andfatal errors
Sometimes part of a questioncan be carried onto the nextpage Always take time tofamiliarise yourself with thewhole paper before you startanswering it
Mismanaging your timewithin the exam can easilycost you a full grade Thebiggest exam crime is toleave suitable questionsunattempted
Always take into account how many marks a question is worth and
carefully plan your allocated time Remember to make sure your
answer is worth the marks on offer
ROUGH WORK
Include your rough work with your exam script ndash you
might get some credit for formulae or calculations
Make the point once There are no extra marks for restating facts even if you phrase them differently
REPETITION
18
1 Work SMART This acronym is used in sports psychology but it applies brilliantly to revision Your plans need to be Specific establish what needs to be covered and prioritise the most urgent areas Measurable keep a clear track of what you have done and what remains to be done Adjustable be flexible ndash if yoursquore sick if somebody lsquoborrowsrsquo your textbook whatever gets in the way have some latitude and be ready to make the most of the time you have Realistic aim to do what you can realistically do to the best of your abilities You have limited time and energy Donrsquot spread yourself too thinly Timed schedule lsquopacketsrsquo of quality revision time so you know when you expect to have covered topic X
2 Donrsquot waste timehellip copying notes Instead read each paragraph and then write what you didnrsquot already know in your own words Rephrasing the words reading aloud writing them downhellip the more areas of your brain you exercise in the process the likelier it will be to stick
writing out full practice essays Itrsquos hugely time-consuming and what you need to be sure of is which particular points you would make for any given question Practise planning essays and long-answer questions to make yourself as efficient as possible at that process
grinding to a halt Working for too long without breaks reduces the quality of your work Give yourself time to get some fresh air and stretch
3 Stay Positive Look at the syllabus content to see how much yoursquove coloured or converted to green Remind yourself of how much you actually do know your exam performance will be a pleasant confirmation of your efforts Relax eat well and sleep soundly ndash you will be at your sharpest on the day
4 Make a cheat sheet For a little reassurance the night before the exam make yourself a cheat sheet ndash only a very few essential facts the things that are worrying you on a single postcard You can look over it again before the exam Just remember not to take it into the exam with you
GCSE Only
5 Print out the course content from the syllabus specification You need to be clear on what you know and what you donrsquot The best way to do this is to find the syllabus specification for each exam you are sitting These documents are made freely available by the exam boards Search online for these keywords Board Level Course name amp code and the word ldquoSpecificationrdquohellipeg ldquoAQA GCSE science 4405 specificationrdquo Download the appropriate pages of course content and print them What you will find is a clear distillation of all the information that you are expected to know ndash no waffle just clear instructions ldquoCandidates should recall xrdquo (memorise this) ldquoCandidates should understand yrdquo (do you)
6 Mark your printed syllabus with traffic light colours
Go line by line and in a matter of minutes you will have a priority task list
Green says ldquoI know this Irsquom confident with thisrdquo ndashbe clear on what you already know so you donrsquot waste time on it unnecessarily
Orange says ldquoI should practise this to make sure itrsquos solidrdquo ndash this is the material for which you might look through your textbook and do a few exam-style questions
Red says ldquoI donrsquot know thisrdquo ndash here you need to find your existing notes read the relevant pages in your text book make new notes or ask for help Tackle those priority areas first
19
20
Get a good nights sleepWhile the temptation is to stay up half the night cramming in more facts and
figures the evidence suggests this approach is counter-productive Having a mind that is refreshed alert and ready to respond to circumstances will obviously be
very beneficial
Arrive in plenty of time To perform well on the day you need to be relaxed and to feel in control of the
situation This is difficult to achieve if you have missed breakfast and are stuck on a bus It is a good idea to have 15 minutes quiet timelsquo
Have your equipment readyEach exam has its own requirements Apart from properly functioning pens
pencils rulers etc you may need a calculator for the Maths or Science exam Drawing pencils may be required for diagrams in some subjects A lot of nervous energy can be expended on last-minute hassle if these items arent checked in
advance
Think positiveOn the day of the exam remind yourself of the good things (the material you know well the revision you have completed all the past exam questions done the good
grades achieved) rather than dwelling on areas of weakness
Maintain your focusThere can be a lot of tension drama and hysteria in the air on the days of an
exam You want to keep the balance between maintaining your focus and interacting normally with your friends and classmates Surround yourself with
people who are likely to add to the calm
Beware of post-exam analysisThe more you participate in the exam post-mortem the more confused and
disheartened you are likely to become You cant change what has happened you can only focus on the present and this will need your full attention
Physics equations
Paper 1
Distance = speed X timed = x X t(metres m) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Acceleration = change in velocity divide timea = (v ndash u) divide t(metres per second2 ms2) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Force = mass X accelerationF = m X a(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second2 ms2)
Weight = mass X gravitational field strengthW = m X g(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg)
Momentum = mass X velocityp = m X v(Kilogram metres per second kgms) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Work done = Force X distance moved (in direction of force)
E = F X d(Joule J) (Newton N) (metre m)
Kinetic Energy = frac12 X mass X (speed)2
KE (or Ek) = frac12 X m X V2
(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Gravitational potential energy = mass X gravitational field strength X change in height GPE = m X g X h(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg) (metres m)
Efficiency = useful energy transferred to device divide total energy supplied to the device
Wave speed = frequency X wavelengthv = f X(metres per second ms) (Hertz Hz) (metres m)
Wave speed = distance divide timev = x divide t (metres per second ms) (metres m) (seconds s)
21
Physics equations
Paper 2
Power = Work done divide time taken P = W divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Moment of a force = Force X distance moved in direction of force(Newton metre Nm) (Newton N) (Metre m)
Charge = Current X timeQ = I X t(Coulombs C) (Amps A) (seconds s)
Energy transferred = charge moved X potential differenceE = Q x V(Joules J) (Coulomb C) (Volts V)
potential difference = Current X resistance V = I X R(Volts V) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
Power = Energy transferred divide time taken P = E divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Electrical Power = current X potential differencep = I X v(Watts W) (Amps A) (Volts V)
Electrical Power = current2 X Resistancep = I2 X R(Watts W) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
density = mass divide Volumep = m divide V(Kilograms per metre3 Kgm3) (Kilogram Kg) (metre3 m3)
Force exerted on spring = spring constant X extension F = k X x(Newton N) (Newton metres Nm) (metres m)
Pressure = Force normal to surface divide area of surfaceP = F divide A (Pascal Pa) (Newton N) (metres2 m2)
22
COMBINED Physics equations
Paper 1
Distance = speed X timed = x X t(metres m) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Acceleration = change in velocity divide timea = (v ndash u) divide t(metres per second2 ms2) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Force = mass X accelerationF = m X a(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second2 ms2)
Weight = mass X gravitational field strengthW = m X g(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg)
Momentum = mass X velocityp = m X v(Kilogram metres per second kgms) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Work done = Force X distance moved (in direction of force)
E = F X d(Joule J) (Newton N) (metre m)
Kinetic Energy = frac12 X mass X (speed)2
KE (or Ek) = frac12 X m X V2
(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Gravitational potential energy = mass X gravitational field strength X change in height GPE = m X g X h(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg) (metres m)
Efficiency = useful energy transferred to device divide total energy supplied to the device
Wave speed = frequency X wavelengthv = f X(metres per second ms) (Hertz Hz) (metres m)
Wave speed = distance divide timev = x divide t (metres per second ms) (metres m) (seconds s)
21
COMBINED Physics equations
Paper 2
Power = Work done divide time taken P = W divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Charge = Current X timeQ = I X t(Coulombs C) (Amps A) (seconds s)
Energy transferred = charge moved X potential differenceE = Q x V(Joules J) (Coulomb C) (Volts V)
potential difference = Current X resistance V = I X R(Volts V) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
Power = Energy transferred divide time taken P = E divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Electrical Power = current X potential differencep = I X v(Watts W) (Amps A) (Volts V)
Electrical Power = current2 X Resistancep = I2 X R(Watts W) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
density = mass divide Volumep = m divide V(Kilograms per metre3 Kgm3) (Kilogram Kg) (metre3 m3)
Force exerted on spring = spring constant X extension F = k X x(Newton N) (Newton metres Nm) (metres m)
22
12
11
Just try searching in YouTube for the exam board and exams your are studying eg Edexcel combined science or Edexcel
BiologyChemistryPhysics
httpwwwexamtimecom
pupils can create mind maps flashcards and quizzes and revision timetables
wwwbrainscapecom
enables students to make online flashcards that can be downloaded to your phone
or iPod
httpwwwbbccoukschoolsgcsebitesize helps pupils to break down their revision into easy chunks
wwwthebraincom
creates online lsquomind mapsrsquo
httpwwwdocbrowninfo
13
12
REALLY USEFUL
httpwwwtescoukarticleaspxstoryCode=6301212
Has lots of revision tips including a motivational revision booklet games a Jedi Mind Tricks pack etc
This website gives a list of the top 55 educational apps for the ipad
httpwwwteachthoughtcomapps-2the-55-best-best-free-education-apps-for-ipad
CGP Science AppsThese are also pound149 each and are forGCSE science exams They contain over500 different questions and threedifferent game types They also trackyour progress Checkout the websitefor more informationwwwcgpbookscoukapps
14
13
httpsquizletcom
httpwwwdocbrowninfo
1 Scan through all the exam questions
2 Put a mark against all the questions you feel you can answer
3 Read the questions carefully
4 Divide up your time allowing more time for the questions worth more marks
5 Underline or highlight keywords in the question
6 Plan longer answers
7 Use your plan
8 Check your answer against the plan
9 Stick to the point of the question ndash try not to ldquowafflerdquo
10 If you have time re-read your answers and make any necessary corrections
15
Exam technique - Calculation questionsQ1
The photograph shows a man dropping an egg inside a padded box from a height
MOMENTUM = MASS X VELOCITY
P = m x v = 05kg x 18 ms = 9 kg ms
He is investigating to see if the padding stops
the egg from breaking
The velocity of the container was 18 ms as it
hit the floor
The mass of the container was 05 kg
Calculate the momentum of the container
Stage 1
Highlight key information in question
Stage 2
Select correct formula
based upon highlighted information and units ndash (Do
the units need converting)
Stage 3
Write out both the equation
you plan to use and the
calculation you intend to
do
Stage 4
Calculate answer
Stage 5
Double check answer
Stage 6
Write answer WITH UNITS
Q2
In industry sodium carbonate is made from sodium
chloride solution and calcium carbonate in the Solvay
Process
Describe the test to show that calcium carbonate
contains carbonate ions (3 marks)
Exam technique ndash Short answer questions
Stage 1
Highlight key information in
question and look at exam
command word carefully
Stage 2
Think about you learning
that links to key points in
question ndash eg carbonate
ion negative ion tests
for negative ions test for
carbonate ions
Stage 3
Use exam command word
to form answer ndash
lsquoDescribersquo
Stage 4
Carefully construct answer
with number of marks in
mind (3) This should reflect
number of key points given
These questions ask you to link together a series of facts orpieces of information in a logical order Describe questions areoften worth more than one mark ndash make sure you include atleast enough pieces of information to cover the number ofmarks available
When testing for a carbonate ion you first addacid Carbon dioxide gas will then be releasedthat needs to be passed through limewater ndashwhich will turn cloudy
Key points that get marks are underlined and in
bold
17
Chunking as the average person can only hold seven items inshort-term memory grouping items together into chunks canincrease capacity This is generally used for rememberingnumbers (think of how you remember phone numbers bygrouping the seven digits into 2 or 3 chunks) but can be appliedto other listings in various subjects
Repetition Studies indicate that 66 of material is forgotten within seven days if it is not reviewed or recited again by the student Dont make life harder for yourself - build in a brief daily and weekly review of material covered
Application and association The best way to channel material to long-term memory is to organise it into meaningful associations For example if you learn a new formula verb rule try to put it into practice immediately with a relevant example
Use of mnemonics these are various word games which can act as memory aids and which allow personalisation and creativity the colours of the rainbow - Roy G Biv (Richard Of York Gave Battle In Vain to remember red orange yellow green blue indigo violet)
NOT READING THE QUESTIONS
PAPER CORRECTLY
IGNORING HOW MANY MARKS
THERE ARE FOR EACH QUESTION
NOT FINISHING THE PAPER
MISSING PART OF A
QUESTION
Examiners say that this isone of the most regular andfatal errors
Sometimes part of a questioncan be carried onto the nextpage Always take time tofamiliarise yourself with thewhole paper before you startanswering it
Mismanaging your timewithin the exam can easilycost you a full grade Thebiggest exam crime is toleave suitable questionsunattempted
Always take into account how many marks a question is worth and
carefully plan your allocated time Remember to make sure your
answer is worth the marks on offer
ROUGH WORK
Include your rough work with your exam script ndash you
might get some credit for formulae or calculations
Make the point once There are no extra marks for restating facts even if you phrase them differently
REPETITION
18
1 Work SMART This acronym is used in sports psychology but it applies brilliantly to revision Your plans need to be Specific establish what needs to be covered and prioritise the most urgent areas Measurable keep a clear track of what you have done and what remains to be done Adjustable be flexible ndash if yoursquore sick if somebody lsquoborrowsrsquo your textbook whatever gets in the way have some latitude and be ready to make the most of the time you have Realistic aim to do what you can realistically do to the best of your abilities You have limited time and energy Donrsquot spread yourself too thinly Timed schedule lsquopacketsrsquo of quality revision time so you know when you expect to have covered topic X
2 Donrsquot waste timehellip copying notes Instead read each paragraph and then write what you didnrsquot already know in your own words Rephrasing the words reading aloud writing them downhellip the more areas of your brain you exercise in the process the likelier it will be to stick
writing out full practice essays Itrsquos hugely time-consuming and what you need to be sure of is which particular points you would make for any given question Practise planning essays and long-answer questions to make yourself as efficient as possible at that process
grinding to a halt Working for too long without breaks reduces the quality of your work Give yourself time to get some fresh air and stretch
3 Stay Positive Look at the syllabus content to see how much yoursquove coloured or converted to green Remind yourself of how much you actually do know your exam performance will be a pleasant confirmation of your efforts Relax eat well and sleep soundly ndash you will be at your sharpest on the day
4 Make a cheat sheet For a little reassurance the night before the exam make yourself a cheat sheet ndash only a very few essential facts the things that are worrying you on a single postcard You can look over it again before the exam Just remember not to take it into the exam with you
GCSE Only
5 Print out the course content from the syllabus specification You need to be clear on what you know and what you donrsquot The best way to do this is to find the syllabus specification for each exam you are sitting These documents are made freely available by the exam boards Search online for these keywords Board Level Course name amp code and the word ldquoSpecificationrdquohellipeg ldquoAQA GCSE science 4405 specificationrdquo Download the appropriate pages of course content and print them What you will find is a clear distillation of all the information that you are expected to know ndash no waffle just clear instructions ldquoCandidates should recall xrdquo (memorise this) ldquoCandidates should understand yrdquo (do you)
6 Mark your printed syllabus with traffic light colours
Go line by line and in a matter of minutes you will have a priority task list
Green says ldquoI know this Irsquom confident with thisrdquo ndashbe clear on what you already know so you donrsquot waste time on it unnecessarily
Orange says ldquoI should practise this to make sure itrsquos solidrdquo ndash this is the material for which you might look through your textbook and do a few exam-style questions
Red says ldquoI donrsquot know thisrdquo ndash here you need to find your existing notes read the relevant pages in your text book make new notes or ask for help Tackle those priority areas first
19
20
Get a good nights sleepWhile the temptation is to stay up half the night cramming in more facts and
figures the evidence suggests this approach is counter-productive Having a mind that is refreshed alert and ready to respond to circumstances will obviously be
very beneficial
Arrive in plenty of time To perform well on the day you need to be relaxed and to feel in control of the
situation This is difficult to achieve if you have missed breakfast and are stuck on a bus It is a good idea to have 15 minutes quiet timelsquo
Have your equipment readyEach exam has its own requirements Apart from properly functioning pens
pencils rulers etc you may need a calculator for the Maths or Science exam Drawing pencils may be required for diagrams in some subjects A lot of nervous energy can be expended on last-minute hassle if these items arent checked in
advance
Think positiveOn the day of the exam remind yourself of the good things (the material you know well the revision you have completed all the past exam questions done the good
grades achieved) rather than dwelling on areas of weakness
Maintain your focusThere can be a lot of tension drama and hysteria in the air on the days of an
exam You want to keep the balance between maintaining your focus and interacting normally with your friends and classmates Surround yourself with
people who are likely to add to the calm
Beware of post-exam analysisThe more you participate in the exam post-mortem the more confused and
disheartened you are likely to become You cant change what has happened you can only focus on the present and this will need your full attention
Physics equations
Paper 1
Distance = speed X timed = x X t(metres m) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Acceleration = change in velocity divide timea = (v ndash u) divide t(metres per second2 ms2) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Force = mass X accelerationF = m X a(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second2 ms2)
Weight = mass X gravitational field strengthW = m X g(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg)
Momentum = mass X velocityp = m X v(Kilogram metres per second kgms) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Work done = Force X distance moved (in direction of force)
E = F X d(Joule J) (Newton N) (metre m)
Kinetic Energy = frac12 X mass X (speed)2
KE (or Ek) = frac12 X m X V2
(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Gravitational potential energy = mass X gravitational field strength X change in height GPE = m X g X h(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg) (metres m)
Efficiency = useful energy transferred to device divide total energy supplied to the device
Wave speed = frequency X wavelengthv = f X(metres per second ms) (Hertz Hz) (metres m)
Wave speed = distance divide timev = x divide t (metres per second ms) (metres m) (seconds s)
21
Physics equations
Paper 2
Power = Work done divide time taken P = W divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Moment of a force = Force X distance moved in direction of force(Newton metre Nm) (Newton N) (Metre m)
Charge = Current X timeQ = I X t(Coulombs C) (Amps A) (seconds s)
Energy transferred = charge moved X potential differenceE = Q x V(Joules J) (Coulomb C) (Volts V)
potential difference = Current X resistance V = I X R(Volts V) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
Power = Energy transferred divide time taken P = E divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Electrical Power = current X potential differencep = I X v(Watts W) (Amps A) (Volts V)
Electrical Power = current2 X Resistancep = I2 X R(Watts W) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
density = mass divide Volumep = m divide V(Kilograms per metre3 Kgm3) (Kilogram Kg) (metre3 m3)
Force exerted on spring = spring constant X extension F = k X x(Newton N) (Newton metres Nm) (metres m)
Pressure = Force normal to surface divide area of surfaceP = F divide A (Pascal Pa) (Newton N) (metres2 m2)
22
COMBINED Physics equations
Paper 1
Distance = speed X timed = x X t(metres m) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Acceleration = change in velocity divide timea = (v ndash u) divide t(metres per second2 ms2) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Force = mass X accelerationF = m X a(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second2 ms2)
Weight = mass X gravitational field strengthW = m X g(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg)
Momentum = mass X velocityp = m X v(Kilogram metres per second kgms) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Work done = Force X distance moved (in direction of force)
E = F X d(Joule J) (Newton N) (metre m)
Kinetic Energy = frac12 X mass X (speed)2
KE (or Ek) = frac12 X m X V2
(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Gravitational potential energy = mass X gravitational field strength X change in height GPE = m X g X h(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg) (metres m)
Efficiency = useful energy transferred to device divide total energy supplied to the device
Wave speed = frequency X wavelengthv = f X(metres per second ms) (Hertz Hz) (metres m)
Wave speed = distance divide timev = x divide t (metres per second ms) (metres m) (seconds s)
21
COMBINED Physics equations
Paper 2
Power = Work done divide time taken P = W divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Charge = Current X timeQ = I X t(Coulombs C) (Amps A) (seconds s)
Energy transferred = charge moved X potential differenceE = Q x V(Joules J) (Coulomb C) (Volts V)
potential difference = Current X resistance V = I X R(Volts V) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
Power = Energy transferred divide time taken P = E divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Electrical Power = current X potential differencep = I X v(Watts W) (Amps A) (Volts V)
Electrical Power = current2 X Resistancep = I2 X R(Watts W) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
density = mass divide Volumep = m divide V(Kilograms per metre3 Kgm3) (Kilogram Kg) (metre3 m3)
Force exerted on spring = spring constant X extension F = k X x(Newton N) (Newton metres Nm) (metres m)
22
httpwwwexamtimecom
pupils can create mind maps flashcards and quizzes and revision timetables
wwwbrainscapecom
enables students to make online flashcards that can be downloaded to your phone
or iPod
httpwwwbbccoukschoolsgcsebitesize helps pupils to break down their revision into easy chunks
wwwthebraincom
creates online lsquomind mapsrsquo
httpwwwdocbrowninfo
13
12
REALLY USEFUL
httpwwwtescoukarticleaspxstoryCode=6301212
Has lots of revision tips including a motivational revision booklet games a Jedi Mind Tricks pack etc
This website gives a list of the top 55 educational apps for the ipad
httpwwwteachthoughtcomapps-2the-55-best-best-free-education-apps-for-ipad
CGP Science AppsThese are also pound149 each and are forGCSE science exams They contain over500 different questions and threedifferent game types They also trackyour progress Checkout the websitefor more informationwwwcgpbookscoukapps
14
13
httpsquizletcom
httpwwwdocbrowninfo
1 Scan through all the exam questions
2 Put a mark against all the questions you feel you can answer
3 Read the questions carefully
4 Divide up your time allowing more time for the questions worth more marks
5 Underline or highlight keywords in the question
6 Plan longer answers
7 Use your plan
8 Check your answer against the plan
9 Stick to the point of the question ndash try not to ldquowafflerdquo
10 If you have time re-read your answers and make any necessary corrections
15
Exam technique - Calculation questionsQ1
The photograph shows a man dropping an egg inside a padded box from a height
MOMENTUM = MASS X VELOCITY
P = m x v = 05kg x 18 ms = 9 kg ms
He is investigating to see if the padding stops
the egg from breaking
The velocity of the container was 18 ms as it
hit the floor
The mass of the container was 05 kg
Calculate the momentum of the container
Stage 1
Highlight key information in question
Stage 2
Select correct formula
based upon highlighted information and units ndash (Do
the units need converting)
Stage 3
Write out both the equation
you plan to use and the
calculation you intend to
do
Stage 4
Calculate answer
Stage 5
Double check answer
Stage 6
Write answer WITH UNITS
Q2
In industry sodium carbonate is made from sodium
chloride solution and calcium carbonate in the Solvay
Process
Describe the test to show that calcium carbonate
contains carbonate ions (3 marks)
Exam technique ndash Short answer questions
Stage 1
Highlight key information in
question and look at exam
command word carefully
Stage 2
Think about you learning
that links to key points in
question ndash eg carbonate
ion negative ion tests
for negative ions test for
carbonate ions
Stage 3
Use exam command word
to form answer ndash
lsquoDescribersquo
Stage 4
Carefully construct answer
with number of marks in
mind (3) This should reflect
number of key points given
These questions ask you to link together a series of facts orpieces of information in a logical order Describe questions areoften worth more than one mark ndash make sure you include atleast enough pieces of information to cover the number ofmarks available
When testing for a carbonate ion you first addacid Carbon dioxide gas will then be releasedthat needs to be passed through limewater ndashwhich will turn cloudy
Key points that get marks are underlined and in
bold
17
Chunking as the average person can only hold seven items inshort-term memory grouping items together into chunks canincrease capacity This is generally used for rememberingnumbers (think of how you remember phone numbers bygrouping the seven digits into 2 or 3 chunks) but can be appliedto other listings in various subjects
Repetition Studies indicate that 66 of material is forgotten within seven days if it is not reviewed or recited again by the student Dont make life harder for yourself - build in a brief daily and weekly review of material covered
Application and association The best way to channel material to long-term memory is to organise it into meaningful associations For example if you learn a new formula verb rule try to put it into practice immediately with a relevant example
Use of mnemonics these are various word games which can act as memory aids and which allow personalisation and creativity the colours of the rainbow - Roy G Biv (Richard Of York Gave Battle In Vain to remember red orange yellow green blue indigo violet)
NOT READING THE QUESTIONS
PAPER CORRECTLY
IGNORING HOW MANY MARKS
THERE ARE FOR EACH QUESTION
NOT FINISHING THE PAPER
MISSING PART OF A
QUESTION
Examiners say that this isone of the most regular andfatal errors
Sometimes part of a questioncan be carried onto the nextpage Always take time tofamiliarise yourself with thewhole paper before you startanswering it
Mismanaging your timewithin the exam can easilycost you a full grade Thebiggest exam crime is toleave suitable questionsunattempted
Always take into account how many marks a question is worth and
carefully plan your allocated time Remember to make sure your
answer is worth the marks on offer
ROUGH WORK
Include your rough work with your exam script ndash you
might get some credit for formulae or calculations
Make the point once There are no extra marks for restating facts even if you phrase them differently
REPETITION
18
1 Work SMART This acronym is used in sports psychology but it applies brilliantly to revision Your plans need to be Specific establish what needs to be covered and prioritise the most urgent areas Measurable keep a clear track of what you have done and what remains to be done Adjustable be flexible ndash if yoursquore sick if somebody lsquoborrowsrsquo your textbook whatever gets in the way have some latitude and be ready to make the most of the time you have Realistic aim to do what you can realistically do to the best of your abilities You have limited time and energy Donrsquot spread yourself too thinly Timed schedule lsquopacketsrsquo of quality revision time so you know when you expect to have covered topic X
2 Donrsquot waste timehellip copying notes Instead read each paragraph and then write what you didnrsquot already know in your own words Rephrasing the words reading aloud writing them downhellip the more areas of your brain you exercise in the process the likelier it will be to stick
writing out full practice essays Itrsquos hugely time-consuming and what you need to be sure of is which particular points you would make for any given question Practise planning essays and long-answer questions to make yourself as efficient as possible at that process
grinding to a halt Working for too long without breaks reduces the quality of your work Give yourself time to get some fresh air and stretch
3 Stay Positive Look at the syllabus content to see how much yoursquove coloured or converted to green Remind yourself of how much you actually do know your exam performance will be a pleasant confirmation of your efforts Relax eat well and sleep soundly ndash you will be at your sharpest on the day
4 Make a cheat sheet For a little reassurance the night before the exam make yourself a cheat sheet ndash only a very few essential facts the things that are worrying you on a single postcard You can look over it again before the exam Just remember not to take it into the exam with you
GCSE Only
5 Print out the course content from the syllabus specification You need to be clear on what you know and what you donrsquot The best way to do this is to find the syllabus specification for each exam you are sitting These documents are made freely available by the exam boards Search online for these keywords Board Level Course name amp code and the word ldquoSpecificationrdquohellipeg ldquoAQA GCSE science 4405 specificationrdquo Download the appropriate pages of course content and print them What you will find is a clear distillation of all the information that you are expected to know ndash no waffle just clear instructions ldquoCandidates should recall xrdquo (memorise this) ldquoCandidates should understand yrdquo (do you)
6 Mark your printed syllabus with traffic light colours
Go line by line and in a matter of minutes you will have a priority task list
Green says ldquoI know this Irsquom confident with thisrdquo ndashbe clear on what you already know so you donrsquot waste time on it unnecessarily
Orange says ldquoI should practise this to make sure itrsquos solidrdquo ndash this is the material for which you might look through your textbook and do a few exam-style questions
Red says ldquoI donrsquot know thisrdquo ndash here you need to find your existing notes read the relevant pages in your text book make new notes or ask for help Tackle those priority areas first
19
20
Get a good nights sleepWhile the temptation is to stay up half the night cramming in more facts and
figures the evidence suggests this approach is counter-productive Having a mind that is refreshed alert and ready to respond to circumstances will obviously be
very beneficial
Arrive in plenty of time To perform well on the day you need to be relaxed and to feel in control of the
situation This is difficult to achieve if you have missed breakfast and are stuck on a bus It is a good idea to have 15 minutes quiet timelsquo
Have your equipment readyEach exam has its own requirements Apart from properly functioning pens
pencils rulers etc you may need a calculator for the Maths or Science exam Drawing pencils may be required for diagrams in some subjects A lot of nervous energy can be expended on last-minute hassle if these items arent checked in
advance
Think positiveOn the day of the exam remind yourself of the good things (the material you know well the revision you have completed all the past exam questions done the good
grades achieved) rather than dwelling on areas of weakness
Maintain your focusThere can be a lot of tension drama and hysteria in the air on the days of an
exam You want to keep the balance between maintaining your focus and interacting normally with your friends and classmates Surround yourself with
people who are likely to add to the calm
Beware of post-exam analysisThe more you participate in the exam post-mortem the more confused and
disheartened you are likely to become You cant change what has happened you can only focus on the present and this will need your full attention
Physics equations
Paper 1
Distance = speed X timed = x X t(metres m) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Acceleration = change in velocity divide timea = (v ndash u) divide t(metres per second2 ms2) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Force = mass X accelerationF = m X a(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second2 ms2)
Weight = mass X gravitational field strengthW = m X g(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg)
Momentum = mass X velocityp = m X v(Kilogram metres per second kgms) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Work done = Force X distance moved (in direction of force)
E = F X d(Joule J) (Newton N) (metre m)
Kinetic Energy = frac12 X mass X (speed)2
KE (or Ek) = frac12 X m X V2
(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Gravitational potential energy = mass X gravitational field strength X change in height GPE = m X g X h(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg) (metres m)
Efficiency = useful energy transferred to device divide total energy supplied to the device
Wave speed = frequency X wavelengthv = f X(metres per second ms) (Hertz Hz) (metres m)
Wave speed = distance divide timev = x divide t (metres per second ms) (metres m) (seconds s)
21
Physics equations
Paper 2
Power = Work done divide time taken P = W divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Moment of a force = Force X distance moved in direction of force(Newton metre Nm) (Newton N) (Metre m)
Charge = Current X timeQ = I X t(Coulombs C) (Amps A) (seconds s)
Energy transferred = charge moved X potential differenceE = Q x V(Joules J) (Coulomb C) (Volts V)
potential difference = Current X resistance V = I X R(Volts V) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
Power = Energy transferred divide time taken P = E divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Electrical Power = current X potential differencep = I X v(Watts W) (Amps A) (Volts V)
Electrical Power = current2 X Resistancep = I2 X R(Watts W) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
density = mass divide Volumep = m divide V(Kilograms per metre3 Kgm3) (Kilogram Kg) (metre3 m3)
Force exerted on spring = spring constant X extension F = k X x(Newton N) (Newton metres Nm) (metres m)
Pressure = Force normal to surface divide area of surfaceP = F divide A (Pascal Pa) (Newton N) (metres2 m2)
22
COMBINED Physics equations
Paper 1
Distance = speed X timed = x X t(metres m) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Acceleration = change in velocity divide timea = (v ndash u) divide t(metres per second2 ms2) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Force = mass X accelerationF = m X a(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second2 ms2)
Weight = mass X gravitational field strengthW = m X g(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg)
Momentum = mass X velocityp = m X v(Kilogram metres per second kgms) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Work done = Force X distance moved (in direction of force)
E = F X d(Joule J) (Newton N) (metre m)
Kinetic Energy = frac12 X mass X (speed)2
KE (or Ek) = frac12 X m X V2
(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Gravitational potential energy = mass X gravitational field strength X change in height GPE = m X g X h(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg) (metres m)
Efficiency = useful energy transferred to device divide total energy supplied to the device
Wave speed = frequency X wavelengthv = f X(metres per second ms) (Hertz Hz) (metres m)
Wave speed = distance divide timev = x divide t (metres per second ms) (metres m) (seconds s)
21
COMBINED Physics equations
Paper 2
Power = Work done divide time taken P = W divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Charge = Current X timeQ = I X t(Coulombs C) (Amps A) (seconds s)
Energy transferred = charge moved X potential differenceE = Q x V(Joules J) (Coulomb C) (Volts V)
potential difference = Current X resistance V = I X R(Volts V) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
Power = Energy transferred divide time taken P = E divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Electrical Power = current X potential differencep = I X v(Watts W) (Amps A) (Volts V)
Electrical Power = current2 X Resistancep = I2 X R(Watts W) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
density = mass divide Volumep = m divide V(Kilograms per metre3 Kgm3) (Kilogram Kg) (metre3 m3)
Force exerted on spring = spring constant X extension F = k X x(Newton N) (Newton metres Nm) (metres m)
22
REALLY USEFUL
httpwwwtescoukarticleaspxstoryCode=6301212
Has lots of revision tips including a motivational revision booklet games a Jedi Mind Tricks pack etc
This website gives a list of the top 55 educational apps for the ipad
httpwwwteachthoughtcomapps-2the-55-best-best-free-education-apps-for-ipad
CGP Science AppsThese are also pound149 each and are forGCSE science exams They contain over500 different questions and threedifferent game types They also trackyour progress Checkout the websitefor more informationwwwcgpbookscoukapps
14
13
httpsquizletcom
httpwwwdocbrowninfo
1 Scan through all the exam questions
2 Put a mark against all the questions you feel you can answer
3 Read the questions carefully
4 Divide up your time allowing more time for the questions worth more marks
5 Underline or highlight keywords in the question
6 Plan longer answers
7 Use your plan
8 Check your answer against the plan
9 Stick to the point of the question ndash try not to ldquowafflerdquo
10 If you have time re-read your answers and make any necessary corrections
15
Exam technique - Calculation questionsQ1
The photograph shows a man dropping an egg inside a padded box from a height
MOMENTUM = MASS X VELOCITY
P = m x v = 05kg x 18 ms = 9 kg ms
He is investigating to see if the padding stops
the egg from breaking
The velocity of the container was 18 ms as it
hit the floor
The mass of the container was 05 kg
Calculate the momentum of the container
Stage 1
Highlight key information in question
Stage 2
Select correct formula
based upon highlighted information and units ndash (Do
the units need converting)
Stage 3
Write out both the equation
you plan to use and the
calculation you intend to
do
Stage 4
Calculate answer
Stage 5
Double check answer
Stage 6
Write answer WITH UNITS
Q2
In industry sodium carbonate is made from sodium
chloride solution and calcium carbonate in the Solvay
Process
Describe the test to show that calcium carbonate
contains carbonate ions (3 marks)
Exam technique ndash Short answer questions
Stage 1
Highlight key information in
question and look at exam
command word carefully
Stage 2
Think about you learning
that links to key points in
question ndash eg carbonate
ion negative ion tests
for negative ions test for
carbonate ions
Stage 3
Use exam command word
to form answer ndash
lsquoDescribersquo
Stage 4
Carefully construct answer
with number of marks in
mind (3) This should reflect
number of key points given
These questions ask you to link together a series of facts orpieces of information in a logical order Describe questions areoften worth more than one mark ndash make sure you include atleast enough pieces of information to cover the number ofmarks available
When testing for a carbonate ion you first addacid Carbon dioxide gas will then be releasedthat needs to be passed through limewater ndashwhich will turn cloudy
Key points that get marks are underlined and in
bold
17
Chunking as the average person can only hold seven items inshort-term memory grouping items together into chunks canincrease capacity This is generally used for rememberingnumbers (think of how you remember phone numbers bygrouping the seven digits into 2 or 3 chunks) but can be appliedto other listings in various subjects
Repetition Studies indicate that 66 of material is forgotten within seven days if it is not reviewed or recited again by the student Dont make life harder for yourself - build in a brief daily and weekly review of material covered
Application and association The best way to channel material to long-term memory is to organise it into meaningful associations For example if you learn a new formula verb rule try to put it into practice immediately with a relevant example
Use of mnemonics these are various word games which can act as memory aids and which allow personalisation and creativity the colours of the rainbow - Roy G Biv (Richard Of York Gave Battle In Vain to remember red orange yellow green blue indigo violet)
NOT READING THE QUESTIONS
PAPER CORRECTLY
IGNORING HOW MANY MARKS
THERE ARE FOR EACH QUESTION
NOT FINISHING THE PAPER
MISSING PART OF A
QUESTION
Examiners say that this isone of the most regular andfatal errors
Sometimes part of a questioncan be carried onto the nextpage Always take time tofamiliarise yourself with thewhole paper before you startanswering it
Mismanaging your timewithin the exam can easilycost you a full grade Thebiggest exam crime is toleave suitable questionsunattempted
Always take into account how many marks a question is worth and
carefully plan your allocated time Remember to make sure your
answer is worth the marks on offer
ROUGH WORK
Include your rough work with your exam script ndash you
might get some credit for formulae or calculations
Make the point once There are no extra marks for restating facts even if you phrase them differently
REPETITION
18
1 Work SMART This acronym is used in sports psychology but it applies brilliantly to revision Your plans need to be Specific establish what needs to be covered and prioritise the most urgent areas Measurable keep a clear track of what you have done and what remains to be done Adjustable be flexible ndash if yoursquore sick if somebody lsquoborrowsrsquo your textbook whatever gets in the way have some latitude and be ready to make the most of the time you have Realistic aim to do what you can realistically do to the best of your abilities You have limited time and energy Donrsquot spread yourself too thinly Timed schedule lsquopacketsrsquo of quality revision time so you know when you expect to have covered topic X
2 Donrsquot waste timehellip copying notes Instead read each paragraph and then write what you didnrsquot already know in your own words Rephrasing the words reading aloud writing them downhellip the more areas of your brain you exercise in the process the likelier it will be to stick
writing out full practice essays Itrsquos hugely time-consuming and what you need to be sure of is which particular points you would make for any given question Practise planning essays and long-answer questions to make yourself as efficient as possible at that process
grinding to a halt Working for too long without breaks reduces the quality of your work Give yourself time to get some fresh air and stretch
3 Stay Positive Look at the syllabus content to see how much yoursquove coloured or converted to green Remind yourself of how much you actually do know your exam performance will be a pleasant confirmation of your efforts Relax eat well and sleep soundly ndash you will be at your sharpest on the day
4 Make a cheat sheet For a little reassurance the night before the exam make yourself a cheat sheet ndash only a very few essential facts the things that are worrying you on a single postcard You can look over it again before the exam Just remember not to take it into the exam with you
GCSE Only
5 Print out the course content from the syllabus specification You need to be clear on what you know and what you donrsquot The best way to do this is to find the syllabus specification for each exam you are sitting These documents are made freely available by the exam boards Search online for these keywords Board Level Course name amp code and the word ldquoSpecificationrdquohellipeg ldquoAQA GCSE science 4405 specificationrdquo Download the appropriate pages of course content and print them What you will find is a clear distillation of all the information that you are expected to know ndash no waffle just clear instructions ldquoCandidates should recall xrdquo (memorise this) ldquoCandidates should understand yrdquo (do you)
6 Mark your printed syllabus with traffic light colours
Go line by line and in a matter of minutes you will have a priority task list
Green says ldquoI know this Irsquom confident with thisrdquo ndashbe clear on what you already know so you donrsquot waste time on it unnecessarily
Orange says ldquoI should practise this to make sure itrsquos solidrdquo ndash this is the material for which you might look through your textbook and do a few exam-style questions
Red says ldquoI donrsquot know thisrdquo ndash here you need to find your existing notes read the relevant pages in your text book make new notes or ask for help Tackle those priority areas first
19
20
Get a good nights sleepWhile the temptation is to stay up half the night cramming in more facts and
figures the evidence suggests this approach is counter-productive Having a mind that is refreshed alert and ready to respond to circumstances will obviously be
very beneficial
Arrive in plenty of time To perform well on the day you need to be relaxed and to feel in control of the
situation This is difficult to achieve if you have missed breakfast and are stuck on a bus It is a good idea to have 15 minutes quiet timelsquo
Have your equipment readyEach exam has its own requirements Apart from properly functioning pens
pencils rulers etc you may need a calculator for the Maths or Science exam Drawing pencils may be required for diagrams in some subjects A lot of nervous energy can be expended on last-minute hassle if these items arent checked in
advance
Think positiveOn the day of the exam remind yourself of the good things (the material you know well the revision you have completed all the past exam questions done the good
grades achieved) rather than dwelling on areas of weakness
Maintain your focusThere can be a lot of tension drama and hysteria in the air on the days of an
exam You want to keep the balance between maintaining your focus and interacting normally with your friends and classmates Surround yourself with
people who are likely to add to the calm
Beware of post-exam analysisThe more you participate in the exam post-mortem the more confused and
disheartened you are likely to become You cant change what has happened you can only focus on the present and this will need your full attention
Physics equations
Paper 1
Distance = speed X timed = x X t(metres m) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Acceleration = change in velocity divide timea = (v ndash u) divide t(metres per second2 ms2) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Force = mass X accelerationF = m X a(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second2 ms2)
Weight = mass X gravitational field strengthW = m X g(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg)
Momentum = mass X velocityp = m X v(Kilogram metres per second kgms) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Work done = Force X distance moved (in direction of force)
E = F X d(Joule J) (Newton N) (metre m)
Kinetic Energy = frac12 X mass X (speed)2
KE (or Ek) = frac12 X m X V2
(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Gravitational potential energy = mass X gravitational field strength X change in height GPE = m X g X h(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg) (metres m)
Efficiency = useful energy transferred to device divide total energy supplied to the device
Wave speed = frequency X wavelengthv = f X(metres per second ms) (Hertz Hz) (metres m)
Wave speed = distance divide timev = x divide t (metres per second ms) (metres m) (seconds s)
21
Physics equations
Paper 2
Power = Work done divide time taken P = W divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Moment of a force = Force X distance moved in direction of force(Newton metre Nm) (Newton N) (Metre m)
Charge = Current X timeQ = I X t(Coulombs C) (Amps A) (seconds s)
Energy transferred = charge moved X potential differenceE = Q x V(Joules J) (Coulomb C) (Volts V)
potential difference = Current X resistance V = I X R(Volts V) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
Power = Energy transferred divide time taken P = E divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Electrical Power = current X potential differencep = I X v(Watts W) (Amps A) (Volts V)
Electrical Power = current2 X Resistancep = I2 X R(Watts W) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
density = mass divide Volumep = m divide V(Kilograms per metre3 Kgm3) (Kilogram Kg) (metre3 m3)
Force exerted on spring = spring constant X extension F = k X x(Newton N) (Newton metres Nm) (metres m)
Pressure = Force normal to surface divide area of surfaceP = F divide A (Pascal Pa) (Newton N) (metres2 m2)
22
COMBINED Physics equations
Paper 1
Distance = speed X timed = x X t(metres m) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Acceleration = change in velocity divide timea = (v ndash u) divide t(metres per second2 ms2) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Force = mass X accelerationF = m X a(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second2 ms2)
Weight = mass X gravitational field strengthW = m X g(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg)
Momentum = mass X velocityp = m X v(Kilogram metres per second kgms) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Work done = Force X distance moved (in direction of force)
E = F X d(Joule J) (Newton N) (metre m)
Kinetic Energy = frac12 X mass X (speed)2
KE (or Ek) = frac12 X m X V2
(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Gravitational potential energy = mass X gravitational field strength X change in height GPE = m X g X h(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg) (metres m)
Efficiency = useful energy transferred to device divide total energy supplied to the device
Wave speed = frequency X wavelengthv = f X(metres per second ms) (Hertz Hz) (metres m)
Wave speed = distance divide timev = x divide t (metres per second ms) (metres m) (seconds s)
21
COMBINED Physics equations
Paper 2
Power = Work done divide time taken P = W divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Charge = Current X timeQ = I X t(Coulombs C) (Amps A) (seconds s)
Energy transferred = charge moved X potential differenceE = Q x V(Joules J) (Coulomb C) (Volts V)
potential difference = Current X resistance V = I X R(Volts V) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
Power = Energy transferred divide time taken P = E divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Electrical Power = current X potential differencep = I X v(Watts W) (Amps A) (Volts V)
Electrical Power = current2 X Resistancep = I2 X R(Watts W) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
density = mass divide Volumep = m divide V(Kilograms per metre3 Kgm3) (Kilogram Kg) (metre3 m3)
Force exerted on spring = spring constant X extension F = k X x(Newton N) (Newton metres Nm) (metres m)
22
1 Scan through all the exam questions
2 Put a mark against all the questions you feel you can answer
3 Read the questions carefully
4 Divide up your time allowing more time for the questions worth more marks
5 Underline or highlight keywords in the question
6 Plan longer answers
7 Use your plan
8 Check your answer against the plan
9 Stick to the point of the question ndash try not to ldquowafflerdquo
10 If you have time re-read your answers and make any necessary corrections
15
Exam technique - Calculation questionsQ1
The photograph shows a man dropping an egg inside a padded box from a height
MOMENTUM = MASS X VELOCITY
P = m x v = 05kg x 18 ms = 9 kg ms
He is investigating to see if the padding stops
the egg from breaking
The velocity of the container was 18 ms as it
hit the floor
The mass of the container was 05 kg
Calculate the momentum of the container
Stage 1
Highlight key information in question
Stage 2
Select correct formula
based upon highlighted information and units ndash (Do
the units need converting)
Stage 3
Write out both the equation
you plan to use and the
calculation you intend to
do
Stage 4
Calculate answer
Stage 5
Double check answer
Stage 6
Write answer WITH UNITS
Q2
In industry sodium carbonate is made from sodium
chloride solution and calcium carbonate in the Solvay
Process
Describe the test to show that calcium carbonate
contains carbonate ions (3 marks)
Exam technique ndash Short answer questions
Stage 1
Highlight key information in
question and look at exam
command word carefully
Stage 2
Think about you learning
that links to key points in
question ndash eg carbonate
ion negative ion tests
for negative ions test for
carbonate ions
Stage 3
Use exam command word
to form answer ndash
lsquoDescribersquo
Stage 4
Carefully construct answer
with number of marks in
mind (3) This should reflect
number of key points given
These questions ask you to link together a series of facts orpieces of information in a logical order Describe questions areoften worth more than one mark ndash make sure you include atleast enough pieces of information to cover the number ofmarks available
When testing for a carbonate ion you first addacid Carbon dioxide gas will then be releasedthat needs to be passed through limewater ndashwhich will turn cloudy
Key points that get marks are underlined and in
bold
17
Chunking as the average person can only hold seven items inshort-term memory grouping items together into chunks canincrease capacity This is generally used for rememberingnumbers (think of how you remember phone numbers bygrouping the seven digits into 2 or 3 chunks) but can be appliedto other listings in various subjects
Repetition Studies indicate that 66 of material is forgotten within seven days if it is not reviewed or recited again by the student Dont make life harder for yourself - build in a brief daily and weekly review of material covered
Application and association The best way to channel material to long-term memory is to organise it into meaningful associations For example if you learn a new formula verb rule try to put it into practice immediately with a relevant example
Use of mnemonics these are various word games which can act as memory aids and which allow personalisation and creativity the colours of the rainbow - Roy G Biv (Richard Of York Gave Battle In Vain to remember red orange yellow green blue indigo violet)
NOT READING THE QUESTIONS
PAPER CORRECTLY
IGNORING HOW MANY MARKS
THERE ARE FOR EACH QUESTION
NOT FINISHING THE PAPER
MISSING PART OF A
QUESTION
Examiners say that this isone of the most regular andfatal errors
Sometimes part of a questioncan be carried onto the nextpage Always take time tofamiliarise yourself with thewhole paper before you startanswering it
Mismanaging your timewithin the exam can easilycost you a full grade Thebiggest exam crime is toleave suitable questionsunattempted
Always take into account how many marks a question is worth and
carefully plan your allocated time Remember to make sure your
answer is worth the marks on offer
ROUGH WORK
Include your rough work with your exam script ndash you
might get some credit for formulae or calculations
Make the point once There are no extra marks for restating facts even if you phrase them differently
REPETITION
18
1 Work SMART This acronym is used in sports psychology but it applies brilliantly to revision Your plans need to be Specific establish what needs to be covered and prioritise the most urgent areas Measurable keep a clear track of what you have done and what remains to be done Adjustable be flexible ndash if yoursquore sick if somebody lsquoborrowsrsquo your textbook whatever gets in the way have some latitude and be ready to make the most of the time you have Realistic aim to do what you can realistically do to the best of your abilities You have limited time and energy Donrsquot spread yourself too thinly Timed schedule lsquopacketsrsquo of quality revision time so you know when you expect to have covered topic X
2 Donrsquot waste timehellip copying notes Instead read each paragraph and then write what you didnrsquot already know in your own words Rephrasing the words reading aloud writing them downhellip the more areas of your brain you exercise in the process the likelier it will be to stick
writing out full practice essays Itrsquos hugely time-consuming and what you need to be sure of is which particular points you would make for any given question Practise planning essays and long-answer questions to make yourself as efficient as possible at that process
grinding to a halt Working for too long without breaks reduces the quality of your work Give yourself time to get some fresh air and stretch
3 Stay Positive Look at the syllabus content to see how much yoursquove coloured or converted to green Remind yourself of how much you actually do know your exam performance will be a pleasant confirmation of your efforts Relax eat well and sleep soundly ndash you will be at your sharpest on the day
4 Make a cheat sheet For a little reassurance the night before the exam make yourself a cheat sheet ndash only a very few essential facts the things that are worrying you on a single postcard You can look over it again before the exam Just remember not to take it into the exam with you
GCSE Only
5 Print out the course content from the syllabus specification You need to be clear on what you know and what you donrsquot The best way to do this is to find the syllabus specification for each exam you are sitting These documents are made freely available by the exam boards Search online for these keywords Board Level Course name amp code and the word ldquoSpecificationrdquohellipeg ldquoAQA GCSE science 4405 specificationrdquo Download the appropriate pages of course content and print them What you will find is a clear distillation of all the information that you are expected to know ndash no waffle just clear instructions ldquoCandidates should recall xrdquo (memorise this) ldquoCandidates should understand yrdquo (do you)
6 Mark your printed syllabus with traffic light colours
Go line by line and in a matter of minutes you will have a priority task list
Green says ldquoI know this Irsquom confident with thisrdquo ndashbe clear on what you already know so you donrsquot waste time on it unnecessarily
Orange says ldquoI should practise this to make sure itrsquos solidrdquo ndash this is the material for which you might look through your textbook and do a few exam-style questions
Red says ldquoI donrsquot know thisrdquo ndash here you need to find your existing notes read the relevant pages in your text book make new notes or ask for help Tackle those priority areas first
19
20
Get a good nights sleepWhile the temptation is to stay up half the night cramming in more facts and
figures the evidence suggests this approach is counter-productive Having a mind that is refreshed alert and ready to respond to circumstances will obviously be
very beneficial
Arrive in plenty of time To perform well on the day you need to be relaxed and to feel in control of the
situation This is difficult to achieve if you have missed breakfast and are stuck on a bus It is a good idea to have 15 minutes quiet timelsquo
Have your equipment readyEach exam has its own requirements Apart from properly functioning pens
pencils rulers etc you may need a calculator for the Maths or Science exam Drawing pencils may be required for diagrams in some subjects A lot of nervous energy can be expended on last-minute hassle if these items arent checked in
advance
Think positiveOn the day of the exam remind yourself of the good things (the material you know well the revision you have completed all the past exam questions done the good
grades achieved) rather than dwelling on areas of weakness
Maintain your focusThere can be a lot of tension drama and hysteria in the air on the days of an
exam You want to keep the balance between maintaining your focus and interacting normally with your friends and classmates Surround yourself with
people who are likely to add to the calm
Beware of post-exam analysisThe more you participate in the exam post-mortem the more confused and
disheartened you are likely to become You cant change what has happened you can only focus on the present and this will need your full attention
Physics equations
Paper 1
Distance = speed X timed = x X t(metres m) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Acceleration = change in velocity divide timea = (v ndash u) divide t(metres per second2 ms2) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Force = mass X accelerationF = m X a(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second2 ms2)
Weight = mass X gravitational field strengthW = m X g(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg)
Momentum = mass X velocityp = m X v(Kilogram metres per second kgms) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Work done = Force X distance moved (in direction of force)
E = F X d(Joule J) (Newton N) (metre m)
Kinetic Energy = frac12 X mass X (speed)2
KE (or Ek) = frac12 X m X V2
(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Gravitational potential energy = mass X gravitational field strength X change in height GPE = m X g X h(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg) (metres m)
Efficiency = useful energy transferred to device divide total energy supplied to the device
Wave speed = frequency X wavelengthv = f X(metres per second ms) (Hertz Hz) (metres m)
Wave speed = distance divide timev = x divide t (metres per second ms) (metres m) (seconds s)
21
Physics equations
Paper 2
Power = Work done divide time taken P = W divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Moment of a force = Force X distance moved in direction of force(Newton metre Nm) (Newton N) (Metre m)
Charge = Current X timeQ = I X t(Coulombs C) (Amps A) (seconds s)
Energy transferred = charge moved X potential differenceE = Q x V(Joules J) (Coulomb C) (Volts V)
potential difference = Current X resistance V = I X R(Volts V) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
Power = Energy transferred divide time taken P = E divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Electrical Power = current X potential differencep = I X v(Watts W) (Amps A) (Volts V)
Electrical Power = current2 X Resistancep = I2 X R(Watts W) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
density = mass divide Volumep = m divide V(Kilograms per metre3 Kgm3) (Kilogram Kg) (metre3 m3)
Force exerted on spring = spring constant X extension F = k X x(Newton N) (Newton metres Nm) (metres m)
Pressure = Force normal to surface divide area of surfaceP = F divide A (Pascal Pa) (Newton N) (metres2 m2)
22
COMBINED Physics equations
Paper 1
Distance = speed X timed = x X t(metres m) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Acceleration = change in velocity divide timea = (v ndash u) divide t(metres per second2 ms2) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Force = mass X accelerationF = m X a(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second2 ms2)
Weight = mass X gravitational field strengthW = m X g(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg)
Momentum = mass X velocityp = m X v(Kilogram metres per second kgms) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Work done = Force X distance moved (in direction of force)
E = F X d(Joule J) (Newton N) (metre m)
Kinetic Energy = frac12 X mass X (speed)2
KE (or Ek) = frac12 X m X V2
(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Gravitational potential energy = mass X gravitational field strength X change in height GPE = m X g X h(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg) (metres m)
Efficiency = useful energy transferred to device divide total energy supplied to the device
Wave speed = frequency X wavelengthv = f X(metres per second ms) (Hertz Hz) (metres m)
Wave speed = distance divide timev = x divide t (metres per second ms) (metres m) (seconds s)
21
COMBINED Physics equations
Paper 2
Power = Work done divide time taken P = W divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Charge = Current X timeQ = I X t(Coulombs C) (Amps A) (seconds s)
Energy transferred = charge moved X potential differenceE = Q x V(Joules J) (Coulomb C) (Volts V)
potential difference = Current X resistance V = I X R(Volts V) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
Power = Energy transferred divide time taken P = E divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Electrical Power = current X potential differencep = I X v(Watts W) (Amps A) (Volts V)
Electrical Power = current2 X Resistancep = I2 X R(Watts W) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
density = mass divide Volumep = m divide V(Kilograms per metre3 Kgm3) (Kilogram Kg) (metre3 m3)
Force exerted on spring = spring constant X extension F = k X x(Newton N) (Newton metres Nm) (metres m)
22
Exam technique - Calculation questionsQ1
The photograph shows a man dropping an egg inside a padded box from a height
MOMENTUM = MASS X VELOCITY
P = m x v = 05kg x 18 ms = 9 kg ms
He is investigating to see if the padding stops
the egg from breaking
The velocity of the container was 18 ms as it
hit the floor
The mass of the container was 05 kg
Calculate the momentum of the container
Stage 1
Highlight key information in question
Stage 2
Select correct formula
based upon highlighted information and units ndash (Do
the units need converting)
Stage 3
Write out both the equation
you plan to use and the
calculation you intend to
do
Stage 4
Calculate answer
Stage 5
Double check answer
Stage 6
Write answer WITH UNITS
Q2
In industry sodium carbonate is made from sodium
chloride solution and calcium carbonate in the Solvay
Process
Describe the test to show that calcium carbonate
contains carbonate ions (3 marks)
Exam technique ndash Short answer questions
Stage 1
Highlight key information in
question and look at exam
command word carefully
Stage 2
Think about you learning
that links to key points in
question ndash eg carbonate
ion negative ion tests
for negative ions test for
carbonate ions
Stage 3
Use exam command word
to form answer ndash
lsquoDescribersquo
Stage 4
Carefully construct answer
with number of marks in
mind (3) This should reflect
number of key points given
These questions ask you to link together a series of facts orpieces of information in a logical order Describe questions areoften worth more than one mark ndash make sure you include atleast enough pieces of information to cover the number ofmarks available
When testing for a carbonate ion you first addacid Carbon dioxide gas will then be releasedthat needs to be passed through limewater ndashwhich will turn cloudy
Key points that get marks are underlined and in
bold
17
Chunking as the average person can only hold seven items inshort-term memory grouping items together into chunks canincrease capacity This is generally used for rememberingnumbers (think of how you remember phone numbers bygrouping the seven digits into 2 or 3 chunks) but can be appliedto other listings in various subjects
Repetition Studies indicate that 66 of material is forgotten within seven days if it is not reviewed or recited again by the student Dont make life harder for yourself - build in a brief daily and weekly review of material covered
Application and association The best way to channel material to long-term memory is to organise it into meaningful associations For example if you learn a new formula verb rule try to put it into practice immediately with a relevant example
Use of mnemonics these are various word games which can act as memory aids and which allow personalisation and creativity the colours of the rainbow - Roy G Biv (Richard Of York Gave Battle In Vain to remember red orange yellow green blue indigo violet)
NOT READING THE QUESTIONS
PAPER CORRECTLY
IGNORING HOW MANY MARKS
THERE ARE FOR EACH QUESTION
NOT FINISHING THE PAPER
MISSING PART OF A
QUESTION
Examiners say that this isone of the most regular andfatal errors
Sometimes part of a questioncan be carried onto the nextpage Always take time tofamiliarise yourself with thewhole paper before you startanswering it
Mismanaging your timewithin the exam can easilycost you a full grade Thebiggest exam crime is toleave suitable questionsunattempted
Always take into account how many marks a question is worth and
carefully plan your allocated time Remember to make sure your
answer is worth the marks on offer
ROUGH WORK
Include your rough work with your exam script ndash you
might get some credit for formulae or calculations
Make the point once There are no extra marks for restating facts even if you phrase them differently
REPETITION
18
1 Work SMART This acronym is used in sports psychology but it applies brilliantly to revision Your plans need to be Specific establish what needs to be covered and prioritise the most urgent areas Measurable keep a clear track of what you have done and what remains to be done Adjustable be flexible ndash if yoursquore sick if somebody lsquoborrowsrsquo your textbook whatever gets in the way have some latitude and be ready to make the most of the time you have Realistic aim to do what you can realistically do to the best of your abilities You have limited time and energy Donrsquot spread yourself too thinly Timed schedule lsquopacketsrsquo of quality revision time so you know when you expect to have covered topic X
2 Donrsquot waste timehellip copying notes Instead read each paragraph and then write what you didnrsquot already know in your own words Rephrasing the words reading aloud writing them downhellip the more areas of your brain you exercise in the process the likelier it will be to stick
writing out full practice essays Itrsquos hugely time-consuming and what you need to be sure of is which particular points you would make for any given question Practise planning essays and long-answer questions to make yourself as efficient as possible at that process
grinding to a halt Working for too long without breaks reduces the quality of your work Give yourself time to get some fresh air and stretch
3 Stay Positive Look at the syllabus content to see how much yoursquove coloured or converted to green Remind yourself of how much you actually do know your exam performance will be a pleasant confirmation of your efforts Relax eat well and sleep soundly ndash you will be at your sharpest on the day
4 Make a cheat sheet For a little reassurance the night before the exam make yourself a cheat sheet ndash only a very few essential facts the things that are worrying you on a single postcard You can look over it again before the exam Just remember not to take it into the exam with you
GCSE Only
5 Print out the course content from the syllabus specification You need to be clear on what you know and what you donrsquot The best way to do this is to find the syllabus specification for each exam you are sitting These documents are made freely available by the exam boards Search online for these keywords Board Level Course name amp code and the word ldquoSpecificationrdquohellipeg ldquoAQA GCSE science 4405 specificationrdquo Download the appropriate pages of course content and print them What you will find is a clear distillation of all the information that you are expected to know ndash no waffle just clear instructions ldquoCandidates should recall xrdquo (memorise this) ldquoCandidates should understand yrdquo (do you)
6 Mark your printed syllabus with traffic light colours
Go line by line and in a matter of minutes you will have a priority task list
Green says ldquoI know this Irsquom confident with thisrdquo ndashbe clear on what you already know so you donrsquot waste time on it unnecessarily
Orange says ldquoI should practise this to make sure itrsquos solidrdquo ndash this is the material for which you might look through your textbook and do a few exam-style questions
Red says ldquoI donrsquot know thisrdquo ndash here you need to find your existing notes read the relevant pages in your text book make new notes or ask for help Tackle those priority areas first
19
20
Get a good nights sleepWhile the temptation is to stay up half the night cramming in more facts and
figures the evidence suggests this approach is counter-productive Having a mind that is refreshed alert and ready to respond to circumstances will obviously be
very beneficial
Arrive in plenty of time To perform well on the day you need to be relaxed and to feel in control of the
situation This is difficult to achieve if you have missed breakfast and are stuck on a bus It is a good idea to have 15 minutes quiet timelsquo
Have your equipment readyEach exam has its own requirements Apart from properly functioning pens
pencils rulers etc you may need a calculator for the Maths or Science exam Drawing pencils may be required for diagrams in some subjects A lot of nervous energy can be expended on last-minute hassle if these items arent checked in
advance
Think positiveOn the day of the exam remind yourself of the good things (the material you know well the revision you have completed all the past exam questions done the good
grades achieved) rather than dwelling on areas of weakness
Maintain your focusThere can be a lot of tension drama and hysteria in the air on the days of an
exam You want to keep the balance between maintaining your focus and interacting normally with your friends and classmates Surround yourself with
people who are likely to add to the calm
Beware of post-exam analysisThe more you participate in the exam post-mortem the more confused and
disheartened you are likely to become You cant change what has happened you can only focus on the present and this will need your full attention
Physics equations
Paper 1
Distance = speed X timed = x X t(metres m) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Acceleration = change in velocity divide timea = (v ndash u) divide t(metres per second2 ms2) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Force = mass X accelerationF = m X a(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second2 ms2)
Weight = mass X gravitational field strengthW = m X g(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg)
Momentum = mass X velocityp = m X v(Kilogram metres per second kgms) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Work done = Force X distance moved (in direction of force)
E = F X d(Joule J) (Newton N) (metre m)
Kinetic Energy = frac12 X mass X (speed)2
KE (or Ek) = frac12 X m X V2
(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Gravitational potential energy = mass X gravitational field strength X change in height GPE = m X g X h(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg) (metres m)
Efficiency = useful energy transferred to device divide total energy supplied to the device
Wave speed = frequency X wavelengthv = f X(metres per second ms) (Hertz Hz) (metres m)
Wave speed = distance divide timev = x divide t (metres per second ms) (metres m) (seconds s)
21
Physics equations
Paper 2
Power = Work done divide time taken P = W divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Moment of a force = Force X distance moved in direction of force(Newton metre Nm) (Newton N) (Metre m)
Charge = Current X timeQ = I X t(Coulombs C) (Amps A) (seconds s)
Energy transferred = charge moved X potential differenceE = Q x V(Joules J) (Coulomb C) (Volts V)
potential difference = Current X resistance V = I X R(Volts V) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
Power = Energy transferred divide time taken P = E divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Electrical Power = current X potential differencep = I X v(Watts W) (Amps A) (Volts V)
Electrical Power = current2 X Resistancep = I2 X R(Watts W) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
density = mass divide Volumep = m divide V(Kilograms per metre3 Kgm3) (Kilogram Kg) (metre3 m3)
Force exerted on spring = spring constant X extension F = k X x(Newton N) (Newton metres Nm) (metres m)
Pressure = Force normal to surface divide area of surfaceP = F divide A (Pascal Pa) (Newton N) (metres2 m2)
22
COMBINED Physics equations
Paper 1
Distance = speed X timed = x X t(metres m) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Acceleration = change in velocity divide timea = (v ndash u) divide t(metres per second2 ms2) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Force = mass X accelerationF = m X a(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second2 ms2)
Weight = mass X gravitational field strengthW = m X g(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg)
Momentum = mass X velocityp = m X v(Kilogram metres per second kgms) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Work done = Force X distance moved (in direction of force)
E = F X d(Joule J) (Newton N) (metre m)
Kinetic Energy = frac12 X mass X (speed)2
KE (or Ek) = frac12 X m X V2
(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Gravitational potential energy = mass X gravitational field strength X change in height GPE = m X g X h(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg) (metres m)
Efficiency = useful energy transferred to device divide total energy supplied to the device
Wave speed = frequency X wavelengthv = f X(metres per second ms) (Hertz Hz) (metres m)
Wave speed = distance divide timev = x divide t (metres per second ms) (metres m) (seconds s)
21
COMBINED Physics equations
Paper 2
Power = Work done divide time taken P = W divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Charge = Current X timeQ = I X t(Coulombs C) (Amps A) (seconds s)
Energy transferred = charge moved X potential differenceE = Q x V(Joules J) (Coulomb C) (Volts V)
potential difference = Current X resistance V = I X R(Volts V) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
Power = Energy transferred divide time taken P = E divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Electrical Power = current X potential differencep = I X v(Watts W) (Amps A) (Volts V)
Electrical Power = current2 X Resistancep = I2 X R(Watts W) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
density = mass divide Volumep = m divide V(Kilograms per metre3 Kgm3) (Kilogram Kg) (metre3 m3)
Force exerted on spring = spring constant X extension F = k X x(Newton N) (Newton metres Nm) (metres m)
22
17
Chunking as the average person can only hold seven items inshort-term memory grouping items together into chunks canincrease capacity This is generally used for rememberingnumbers (think of how you remember phone numbers bygrouping the seven digits into 2 or 3 chunks) but can be appliedto other listings in various subjects
Repetition Studies indicate that 66 of material is forgotten within seven days if it is not reviewed or recited again by the student Dont make life harder for yourself - build in a brief daily and weekly review of material covered
Application and association The best way to channel material to long-term memory is to organise it into meaningful associations For example if you learn a new formula verb rule try to put it into practice immediately with a relevant example
Use of mnemonics these are various word games which can act as memory aids and which allow personalisation and creativity the colours of the rainbow - Roy G Biv (Richard Of York Gave Battle In Vain to remember red orange yellow green blue indigo violet)
NOT READING THE QUESTIONS
PAPER CORRECTLY
IGNORING HOW MANY MARKS
THERE ARE FOR EACH QUESTION
NOT FINISHING THE PAPER
MISSING PART OF A
QUESTION
Examiners say that this isone of the most regular andfatal errors
Sometimes part of a questioncan be carried onto the nextpage Always take time tofamiliarise yourself with thewhole paper before you startanswering it
Mismanaging your timewithin the exam can easilycost you a full grade Thebiggest exam crime is toleave suitable questionsunattempted
Always take into account how many marks a question is worth and
carefully plan your allocated time Remember to make sure your
answer is worth the marks on offer
ROUGH WORK
Include your rough work with your exam script ndash you
might get some credit for formulae or calculations
Make the point once There are no extra marks for restating facts even if you phrase them differently
REPETITION
18
1 Work SMART This acronym is used in sports psychology but it applies brilliantly to revision Your plans need to be Specific establish what needs to be covered and prioritise the most urgent areas Measurable keep a clear track of what you have done and what remains to be done Adjustable be flexible ndash if yoursquore sick if somebody lsquoborrowsrsquo your textbook whatever gets in the way have some latitude and be ready to make the most of the time you have Realistic aim to do what you can realistically do to the best of your abilities You have limited time and energy Donrsquot spread yourself too thinly Timed schedule lsquopacketsrsquo of quality revision time so you know when you expect to have covered topic X
2 Donrsquot waste timehellip copying notes Instead read each paragraph and then write what you didnrsquot already know in your own words Rephrasing the words reading aloud writing them downhellip the more areas of your brain you exercise in the process the likelier it will be to stick
writing out full practice essays Itrsquos hugely time-consuming and what you need to be sure of is which particular points you would make for any given question Practise planning essays and long-answer questions to make yourself as efficient as possible at that process
grinding to a halt Working for too long without breaks reduces the quality of your work Give yourself time to get some fresh air and stretch
3 Stay Positive Look at the syllabus content to see how much yoursquove coloured or converted to green Remind yourself of how much you actually do know your exam performance will be a pleasant confirmation of your efforts Relax eat well and sleep soundly ndash you will be at your sharpest on the day
4 Make a cheat sheet For a little reassurance the night before the exam make yourself a cheat sheet ndash only a very few essential facts the things that are worrying you on a single postcard You can look over it again before the exam Just remember not to take it into the exam with you
GCSE Only
5 Print out the course content from the syllabus specification You need to be clear on what you know and what you donrsquot The best way to do this is to find the syllabus specification for each exam you are sitting These documents are made freely available by the exam boards Search online for these keywords Board Level Course name amp code and the word ldquoSpecificationrdquohellipeg ldquoAQA GCSE science 4405 specificationrdquo Download the appropriate pages of course content and print them What you will find is a clear distillation of all the information that you are expected to know ndash no waffle just clear instructions ldquoCandidates should recall xrdquo (memorise this) ldquoCandidates should understand yrdquo (do you)
6 Mark your printed syllabus with traffic light colours
Go line by line and in a matter of minutes you will have a priority task list
Green says ldquoI know this Irsquom confident with thisrdquo ndashbe clear on what you already know so you donrsquot waste time on it unnecessarily
Orange says ldquoI should practise this to make sure itrsquos solidrdquo ndash this is the material for which you might look through your textbook and do a few exam-style questions
Red says ldquoI donrsquot know thisrdquo ndash here you need to find your existing notes read the relevant pages in your text book make new notes or ask for help Tackle those priority areas first
19
20
Get a good nights sleepWhile the temptation is to stay up half the night cramming in more facts and
figures the evidence suggests this approach is counter-productive Having a mind that is refreshed alert and ready to respond to circumstances will obviously be
very beneficial
Arrive in plenty of time To perform well on the day you need to be relaxed and to feel in control of the
situation This is difficult to achieve if you have missed breakfast and are stuck on a bus It is a good idea to have 15 minutes quiet timelsquo
Have your equipment readyEach exam has its own requirements Apart from properly functioning pens
pencils rulers etc you may need a calculator for the Maths or Science exam Drawing pencils may be required for diagrams in some subjects A lot of nervous energy can be expended on last-minute hassle if these items arent checked in
advance
Think positiveOn the day of the exam remind yourself of the good things (the material you know well the revision you have completed all the past exam questions done the good
grades achieved) rather than dwelling on areas of weakness
Maintain your focusThere can be a lot of tension drama and hysteria in the air on the days of an
exam You want to keep the balance between maintaining your focus and interacting normally with your friends and classmates Surround yourself with
people who are likely to add to the calm
Beware of post-exam analysisThe more you participate in the exam post-mortem the more confused and
disheartened you are likely to become You cant change what has happened you can only focus on the present and this will need your full attention
Physics equations
Paper 1
Distance = speed X timed = x X t(metres m) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Acceleration = change in velocity divide timea = (v ndash u) divide t(metres per second2 ms2) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Force = mass X accelerationF = m X a(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second2 ms2)
Weight = mass X gravitational field strengthW = m X g(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg)
Momentum = mass X velocityp = m X v(Kilogram metres per second kgms) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Work done = Force X distance moved (in direction of force)
E = F X d(Joule J) (Newton N) (metre m)
Kinetic Energy = frac12 X mass X (speed)2
KE (or Ek) = frac12 X m X V2
(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Gravitational potential energy = mass X gravitational field strength X change in height GPE = m X g X h(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg) (metres m)
Efficiency = useful energy transferred to device divide total energy supplied to the device
Wave speed = frequency X wavelengthv = f X(metres per second ms) (Hertz Hz) (metres m)
Wave speed = distance divide timev = x divide t (metres per second ms) (metres m) (seconds s)
21
Physics equations
Paper 2
Power = Work done divide time taken P = W divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Moment of a force = Force X distance moved in direction of force(Newton metre Nm) (Newton N) (Metre m)
Charge = Current X timeQ = I X t(Coulombs C) (Amps A) (seconds s)
Energy transferred = charge moved X potential differenceE = Q x V(Joules J) (Coulomb C) (Volts V)
potential difference = Current X resistance V = I X R(Volts V) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
Power = Energy transferred divide time taken P = E divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Electrical Power = current X potential differencep = I X v(Watts W) (Amps A) (Volts V)
Electrical Power = current2 X Resistancep = I2 X R(Watts W) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
density = mass divide Volumep = m divide V(Kilograms per metre3 Kgm3) (Kilogram Kg) (metre3 m3)
Force exerted on spring = spring constant X extension F = k X x(Newton N) (Newton metres Nm) (metres m)
Pressure = Force normal to surface divide area of surfaceP = F divide A (Pascal Pa) (Newton N) (metres2 m2)
22
COMBINED Physics equations
Paper 1
Distance = speed X timed = x X t(metres m) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Acceleration = change in velocity divide timea = (v ndash u) divide t(metres per second2 ms2) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Force = mass X accelerationF = m X a(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second2 ms2)
Weight = mass X gravitational field strengthW = m X g(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg)
Momentum = mass X velocityp = m X v(Kilogram metres per second kgms) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Work done = Force X distance moved (in direction of force)
E = F X d(Joule J) (Newton N) (metre m)
Kinetic Energy = frac12 X mass X (speed)2
KE (or Ek) = frac12 X m X V2
(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Gravitational potential energy = mass X gravitational field strength X change in height GPE = m X g X h(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg) (metres m)
Efficiency = useful energy transferred to device divide total energy supplied to the device
Wave speed = frequency X wavelengthv = f X(metres per second ms) (Hertz Hz) (metres m)
Wave speed = distance divide timev = x divide t (metres per second ms) (metres m) (seconds s)
21
COMBINED Physics equations
Paper 2
Power = Work done divide time taken P = W divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Charge = Current X timeQ = I X t(Coulombs C) (Amps A) (seconds s)
Energy transferred = charge moved X potential differenceE = Q x V(Joules J) (Coulomb C) (Volts V)
potential difference = Current X resistance V = I X R(Volts V) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
Power = Energy transferred divide time taken P = E divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Electrical Power = current X potential differencep = I X v(Watts W) (Amps A) (Volts V)
Electrical Power = current2 X Resistancep = I2 X R(Watts W) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
density = mass divide Volumep = m divide V(Kilograms per metre3 Kgm3) (Kilogram Kg) (metre3 m3)
Force exerted on spring = spring constant X extension F = k X x(Newton N) (Newton metres Nm) (metres m)
22
NOT READING THE QUESTIONS
PAPER CORRECTLY
IGNORING HOW MANY MARKS
THERE ARE FOR EACH QUESTION
NOT FINISHING THE PAPER
MISSING PART OF A
QUESTION
Examiners say that this isone of the most regular andfatal errors
Sometimes part of a questioncan be carried onto the nextpage Always take time tofamiliarise yourself with thewhole paper before you startanswering it
Mismanaging your timewithin the exam can easilycost you a full grade Thebiggest exam crime is toleave suitable questionsunattempted
Always take into account how many marks a question is worth and
carefully plan your allocated time Remember to make sure your
answer is worth the marks on offer
ROUGH WORK
Include your rough work with your exam script ndash you
might get some credit for formulae or calculations
Make the point once There are no extra marks for restating facts even if you phrase them differently
REPETITION
18
1 Work SMART This acronym is used in sports psychology but it applies brilliantly to revision Your plans need to be Specific establish what needs to be covered and prioritise the most urgent areas Measurable keep a clear track of what you have done and what remains to be done Adjustable be flexible ndash if yoursquore sick if somebody lsquoborrowsrsquo your textbook whatever gets in the way have some latitude and be ready to make the most of the time you have Realistic aim to do what you can realistically do to the best of your abilities You have limited time and energy Donrsquot spread yourself too thinly Timed schedule lsquopacketsrsquo of quality revision time so you know when you expect to have covered topic X
2 Donrsquot waste timehellip copying notes Instead read each paragraph and then write what you didnrsquot already know in your own words Rephrasing the words reading aloud writing them downhellip the more areas of your brain you exercise in the process the likelier it will be to stick
writing out full practice essays Itrsquos hugely time-consuming and what you need to be sure of is which particular points you would make for any given question Practise planning essays and long-answer questions to make yourself as efficient as possible at that process
grinding to a halt Working for too long without breaks reduces the quality of your work Give yourself time to get some fresh air and stretch
3 Stay Positive Look at the syllabus content to see how much yoursquove coloured or converted to green Remind yourself of how much you actually do know your exam performance will be a pleasant confirmation of your efforts Relax eat well and sleep soundly ndash you will be at your sharpest on the day
4 Make a cheat sheet For a little reassurance the night before the exam make yourself a cheat sheet ndash only a very few essential facts the things that are worrying you on a single postcard You can look over it again before the exam Just remember not to take it into the exam with you
GCSE Only
5 Print out the course content from the syllabus specification You need to be clear on what you know and what you donrsquot The best way to do this is to find the syllabus specification for each exam you are sitting These documents are made freely available by the exam boards Search online for these keywords Board Level Course name amp code and the word ldquoSpecificationrdquohellipeg ldquoAQA GCSE science 4405 specificationrdquo Download the appropriate pages of course content and print them What you will find is a clear distillation of all the information that you are expected to know ndash no waffle just clear instructions ldquoCandidates should recall xrdquo (memorise this) ldquoCandidates should understand yrdquo (do you)
6 Mark your printed syllabus with traffic light colours
Go line by line and in a matter of minutes you will have a priority task list
Green says ldquoI know this Irsquom confident with thisrdquo ndashbe clear on what you already know so you donrsquot waste time on it unnecessarily
Orange says ldquoI should practise this to make sure itrsquos solidrdquo ndash this is the material for which you might look through your textbook and do a few exam-style questions
Red says ldquoI donrsquot know thisrdquo ndash here you need to find your existing notes read the relevant pages in your text book make new notes or ask for help Tackle those priority areas first
19
20
Get a good nights sleepWhile the temptation is to stay up half the night cramming in more facts and
figures the evidence suggests this approach is counter-productive Having a mind that is refreshed alert and ready to respond to circumstances will obviously be
very beneficial
Arrive in plenty of time To perform well on the day you need to be relaxed and to feel in control of the
situation This is difficult to achieve if you have missed breakfast and are stuck on a bus It is a good idea to have 15 minutes quiet timelsquo
Have your equipment readyEach exam has its own requirements Apart from properly functioning pens
pencils rulers etc you may need a calculator for the Maths or Science exam Drawing pencils may be required for diagrams in some subjects A lot of nervous energy can be expended on last-minute hassle if these items arent checked in
advance
Think positiveOn the day of the exam remind yourself of the good things (the material you know well the revision you have completed all the past exam questions done the good
grades achieved) rather than dwelling on areas of weakness
Maintain your focusThere can be a lot of tension drama and hysteria in the air on the days of an
exam You want to keep the balance between maintaining your focus and interacting normally with your friends and classmates Surround yourself with
people who are likely to add to the calm
Beware of post-exam analysisThe more you participate in the exam post-mortem the more confused and
disheartened you are likely to become You cant change what has happened you can only focus on the present and this will need your full attention
Physics equations
Paper 1
Distance = speed X timed = x X t(metres m) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Acceleration = change in velocity divide timea = (v ndash u) divide t(metres per second2 ms2) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Force = mass X accelerationF = m X a(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second2 ms2)
Weight = mass X gravitational field strengthW = m X g(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg)
Momentum = mass X velocityp = m X v(Kilogram metres per second kgms) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Work done = Force X distance moved (in direction of force)
E = F X d(Joule J) (Newton N) (metre m)
Kinetic Energy = frac12 X mass X (speed)2
KE (or Ek) = frac12 X m X V2
(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Gravitational potential energy = mass X gravitational field strength X change in height GPE = m X g X h(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg) (metres m)
Efficiency = useful energy transferred to device divide total energy supplied to the device
Wave speed = frequency X wavelengthv = f X(metres per second ms) (Hertz Hz) (metres m)
Wave speed = distance divide timev = x divide t (metres per second ms) (metres m) (seconds s)
21
Physics equations
Paper 2
Power = Work done divide time taken P = W divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Moment of a force = Force X distance moved in direction of force(Newton metre Nm) (Newton N) (Metre m)
Charge = Current X timeQ = I X t(Coulombs C) (Amps A) (seconds s)
Energy transferred = charge moved X potential differenceE = Q x V(Joules J) (Coulomb C) (Volts V)
potential difference = Current X resistance V = I X R(Volts V) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
Power = Energy transferred divide time taken P = E divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Electrical Power = current X potential differencep = I X v(Watts W) (Amps A) (Volts V)
Electrical Power = current2 X Resistancep = I2 X R(Watts W) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
density = mass divide Volumep = m divide V(Kilograms per metre3 Kgm3) (Kilogram Kg) (metre3 m3)
Force exerted on spring = spring constant X extension F = k X x(Newton N) (Newton metres Nm) (metres m)
Pressure = Force normal to surface divide area of surfaceP = F divide A (Pascal Pa) (Newton N) (metres2 m2)
22
COMBINED Physics equations
Paper 1
Distance = speed X timed = x X t(metres m) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Acceleration = change in velocity divide timea = (v ndash u) divide t(metres per second2 ms2) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Force = mass X accelerationF = m X a(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second2 ms2)
Weight = mass X gravitational field strengthW = m X g(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg)
Momentum = mass X velocityp = m X v(Kilogram metres per second kgms) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Work done = Force X distance moved (in direction of force)
E = F X d(Joule J) (Newton N) (metre m)
Kinetic Energy = frac12 X mass X (speed)2
KE (or Ek) = frac12 X m X V2
(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Gravitational potential energy = mass X gravitational field strength X change in height GPE = m X g X h(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg) (metres m)
Efficiency = useful energy transferred to device divide total energy supplied to the device
Wave speed = frequency X wavelengthv = f X(metres per second ms) (Hertz Hz) (metres m)
Wave speed = distance divide timev = x divide t (metres per second ms) (metres m) (seconds s)
21
COMBINED Physics equations
Paper 2
Power = Work done divide time taken P = W divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Charge = Current X timeQ = I X t(Coulombs C) (Amps A) (seconds s)
Energy transferred = charge moved X potential differenceE = Q x V(Joules J) (Coulomb C) (Volts V)
potential difference = Current X resistance V = I X R(Volts V) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
Power = Energy transferred divide time taken P = E divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Electrical Power = current X potential differencep = I X v(Watts W) (Amps A) (Volts V)
Electrical Power = current2 X Resistancep = I2 X R(Watts W) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
density = mass divide Volumep = m divide V(Kilograms per metre3 Kgm3) (Kilogram Kg) (metre3 m3)
Force exerted on spring = spring constant X extension F = k X x(Newton N) (Newton metres Nm) (metres m)
22
1 Work SMART This acronym is used in sports psychology but it applies brilliantly to revision Your plans need to be Specific establish what needs to be covered and prioritise the most urgent areas Measurable keep a clear track of what you have done and what remains to be done Adjustable be flexible ndash if yoursquore sick if somebody lsquoborrowsrsquo your textbook whatever gets in the way have some latitude and be ready to make the most of the time you have Realistic aim to do what you can realistically do to the best of your abilities You have limited time and energy Donrsquot spread yourself too thinly Timed schedule lsquopacketsrsquo of quality revision time so you know when you expect to have covered topic X
2 Donrsquot waste timehellip copying notes Instead read each paragraph and then write what you didnrsquot already know in your own words Rephrasing the words reading aloud writing them downhellip the more areas of your brain you exercise in the process the likelier it will be to stick
writing out full practice essays Itrsquos hugely time-consuming and what you need to be sure of is which particular points you would make for any given question Practise planning essays and long-answer questions to make yourself as efficient as possible at that process
grinding to a halt Working for too long without breaks reduces the quality of your work Give yourself time to get some fresh air and stretch
3 Stay Positive Look at the syllabus content to see how much yoursquove coloured or converted to green Remind yourself of how much you actually do know your exam performance will be a pleasant confirmation of your efforts Relax eat well and sleep soundly ndash you will be at your sharpest on the day
4 Make a cheat sheet For a little reassurance the night before the exam make yourself a cheat sheet ndash only a very few essential facts the things that are worrying you on a single postcard You can look over it again before the exam Just remember not to take it into the exam with you
GCSE Only
5 Print out the course content from the syllabus specification You need to be clear on what you know and what you donrsquot The best way to do this is to find the syllabus specification for each exam you are sitting These documents are made freely available by the exam boards Search online for these keywords Board Level Course name amp code and the word ldquoSpecificationrdquohellipeg ldquoAQA GCSE science 4405 specificationrdquo Download the appropriate pages of course content and print them What you will find is a clear distillation of all the information that you are expected to know ndash no waffle just clear instructions ldquoCandidates should recall xrdquo (memorise this) ldquoCandidates should understand yrdquo (do you)
6 Mark your printed syllabus with traffic light colours
Go line by line and in a matter of minutes you will have a priority task list
Green says ldquoI know this Irsquom confident with thisrdquo ndashbe clear on what you already know so you donrsquot waste time on it unnecessarily
Orange says ldquoI should practise this to make sure itrsquos solidrdquo ndash this is the material for which you might look through your textbook and do a few exam-style questions
Red says ldquoI donrsquot know thisrdquo ndash here you need to find your existing notes read the relevant pages in your text book make new notes or ask for help Tackle those priority areas first
19
20
Get a good nights sleepWhile the temptation is to stay up half the night cramming in more facts and
figures the evidence suggests this approach is counter-productive Having a mind that is refreshed alert and ready to respond to circumstances will obviously be
very beneficial
Arrive in plenty of time To perform well on the day you need to be relaxed and to feel in control of the
situation This is difficult to achieve if you have missed breakfast and are stuck on a bus It is a good idea to have 15 minutes quiet timelsquo
Have your equipment readyEach exam has its own requirements Apart from properly functioning pens
pencils rulers etc you may need a calculator for the Maths or Science exam Drawing pencils may be required for diagrams in some subjects A lot of nervous energy can be expended on last-minute hassle if these items arent checked in
advance
Think positiveOn the day of the exam remind yourself of the good things (the material you know well the revision you have completed all the past exam questions done the good
grades achieved) rather than dwelling on areas of weakness
Maintain your focusThere can be a lot of tension drama and hysteria in the air on the days of an
exam You want to keep the balance between maintaining your focus and interacting normally with your friends and classmates Surround yourself with
people who are likely to add to the calm
Beware of post-exam analysisThe more you participate in the exam post-mortem the more confused and
disheartened you are likely to become You cant change what has happened you can only focus on the present and this will need your full attention
Physics equations
Paper 1
Distance = speed X timed = x X t(metres m) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Acceleration = change in velocity divide timea = (v ndash u) divide t(metres per second2 ms2) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Force = mass X accelerationF = m X a(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second2 ms2)
Weight = mass X gravitational field strengthW = m X g(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg)
Momentum = mass X velocityp = m X v(Kilogram metres per second kgms) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Work done = Force X distance moved (in direction of force)
E = F X d(Joule J) (Newton N) (metre m)
Kinetic Energy = frac12 X mass X (speed)2
KE (or Ek) = frac12 X m X V2
(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Gravitational potential energy = mass X gravitational field strength X change in height GPE = m X g X h(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg) (metres m)
Efficiency = useful energy transferred to device divide total energy supplied to the device
Wave speed = frequency X wavelengthv = f X(metres per second ms) (Hertz Hz) (metres m)
Wave speed = distance divide timev = x divide t (metres per second ms) (metres m) (seconds s)
21
Physics equations
Paper 2
Power = Work done divide time taken P = W divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Moment of a force = Force X distance moved in direction of force(Newton metre Nm) (Newton N) (Metre m)
Charge = Current X timeQ = I X t(Coulombs C) (Amps A) (seconds s)
Energy transferred = charge moved X potential differenceE = Q x V(Joules J) (Coulomb C) (Volts V)
potential difference = Current X resistance V = I X R(Volts V) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
Power = Energy transferred divide time taken P = E divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Electrical Power = current X potential differencep = I X v(Watts W) (Amps A) (Volts V)
Electrical Power = current2 X Resistancep = I2 X R(Watts W) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
density = mass divide Volumep = m divide V(Kilograms per metre3 Kgm3) (Kilogram Kg) (metre3 m3)
Force exerted on spring = spring constant X extension F = k X x(Newton N) (Newton metres Nm) (metres m)
Pressure = Force normal to surface divide area of surfaceP = F divide A (Pascal Pa) (Newton N) (metres2 m2)
22
COMBINED Physics equations
Paper 1
Distance = speed X timed = x X t(metres m) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Acceleration = change in velocity divide timea = (v ndash u) divide t(metres per second2 ms2) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Force = mass X accelerationF = m X a(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second2 ms2)
Weight = mass X gravitational field strengthW = m X g(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg)
Momentum = mass X velocityp = m X v(Kilogram metres per second kgms) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Work done = Force X distance moved (in direction of force)
E = F X d(Joule J) (Newton N) (metre m)
Kinetic Energy = frac12 X mass X (speed)2
KE (or Ek) = frac12 X m X V2
(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Gravitational potential energy = mass X gravitational field strength X change in height GPE = m X g X h(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg) (metres m)
Efficiency = useful energy transferred to device divide total energy supplied to the device
Wave speed = frequency X wavelengthv = f X(metres per second ms) (Hertz Hz) (metres m)
Wave speed = distance divide timev = x divide t (metres per second ms) (metres m) (seconds s)
21
COMBINED Physics equations
Paper 2
Power = Work done divide time taken P = W divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Charge = Current X timeQ = I X t(Coulombs C) (Amps A) (seconds s)
Energy transferred = charge moved X potential differenceE = Q x V(Joules J) (Coulomb C) (Volts V)
potential difference = Current X resistance V = I X R(Volts V) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
Power = Energy transferred divide time taken P = E divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Electrical Power = current X potential differencep = I X v(Watts W) (Amps A) (Volts V)
Electrical Power = current2 X Resistancep = I2 X R(Watts W) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
density = mass divide Volumep = m divide V(Kilograms per metre3 Kgm3) (Kilogram Kg) (metre3 m3)
Force exerted on spring = spring constant X extension F = k X x(Newton N) (Newton metres Nm) (metres m)
22
20
Get a good nights sleepWhile the temptation is to stay up half the night cramming in more facts and
figures the evidence suggests this approach is counter-productive Having a mind that is refreshed alert and ready to respond to circumstances will obviously be
very beneficial
Arrive in plenty of time To perform well on the day you need to be relaxed and to feel in control of the
situation This is difficult to achieve if you have missed breakfast and are stuck on a bus It is a good idea to have 15 minutes quiet timelsquo
Have your equipment readyEach exam has its own requirements Apart from properly functioning pens
pencils rulers etc you may need a calculator for the Maths or Science exam Drawing pencils may be required for diagrams in some subjects A lot of nervous energy can be expended on last-minute hassle if these items arent checked in
advance
Think positiveOn the day of the exam remind yourself of the good things (the material you know well the revision you have completed all the past exam questions done the good
grades achieved) rather than dwelling on areas of weakness
Maintain your focusThere can be a lot of tension drama and hysteria in the air on the days of an
exam You want to keep the balance between maintaining your focus and interacting normally with your friends and classmates Surround yourself with
people who are likely to add to the calm
Beware of post-exam analysisThe more you participate in the exam post-mortem the more confused and
disheartened you are likely to become You cant change what has happened you can only focus on the present and this will need your full attention
Physics equations
Paper 1
Distance = speed X timed = x X t(metres m) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Acceleration = change in velocity divide timea = (v ndash u) divide t(metres per second2 ms2) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Force = mass X accelerationF = m X a(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second2 ms2)
Weight = mass X gravitational field strengthW = m X g(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg)
Momentum = mass X velocityp = m X v(Kilogram metres per second kgms) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Work done = Force X distance moved (in direction of force)
E = F X d(Joule J) (Newton N) (metre m)
Kinetic Energy = frac12 X mass X (speed)2
KE (or Ek) = frac12 X m X V2
(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Gravitational potential energy = mass X gravitational field strength X change in height GPE = m X g X h(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg) (metres m)
Efficiency = useful energy transferred to device divide total energy supplied to the device
Wave speed = frequency X wavelengthv = f X(metres per second ms) (Hertz Hz) (metres m)
Wave speed = distance divide timev = x divide t (metres per second ms) (metres m) (seconds s)
21
Physics equations
Paper 2
Power = Work done divide time taken P = W divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Moment of a force = Force X distance moved in direction of force(Newton metre Nm) (Newton N) (Metre m)
Charge = Current X timeQ = I X t(Coulombs C) (Amps A) (seconds s)
Energy transferred = charge moved X potential differenceE = Q x V(Joules J) (Coulomb C) (Volts V)
potential difference = Current X resistance V = I X R(Volts V) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
Power = Energy transferred divide time taken P = E divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Electrical Power = current X potential differencep = I X v(Watts W) (Amps A) (Volts V)
Electrical Power = current2 X Resistancep = I2 X R(Watts W) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
density = mass divide Volumep = m divide V(Kilograms per metre3 Kgm3) (Kilogram Kg) (metre3 m3)
Force exerted on spring = spring constant X extension F = k X x(Newton N) (Newton metres Nm) (metres m)
Pressure = Force normal to surface divide area of surfaceP = F divide A (Pascal Pa) (Newton N) (metres2 m2)
22
COMBINED Physics equations
Paper 1
Distance = speed X timed = x X t(metres m) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Acceleration = change in velocity divide timea = (v ndash u) divide t(metres per second2 ms2) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Force = mass X accelerationF = m X a(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second2 ms2)
Weight = mass X gravitational field strengthW = m X g(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg)
Momentum = mass X velocityp = m X v(Kilogram metres per second kgms) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Work done = Force X distance moved (in direction of force)
E = F X d(Joule J) (Newton N) (metre m)
Kinetic Energy = frac12 X mass X (speed)2
KE (or Ek) = frac12 X m X V2
(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Gravitational potential energy = mass X gravitational field strength X change in height GPE = m X g X h(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg) (metres m)
Efficiency = useful energy transferred to device divide total energy supplied to the device
Wave speed = frequency X wavelengthv = f X(metres per second ms) (Hertz Hz) (metres m)
Wave speed = distance divide timev = x divide t (metres per second ms) (metres m) (seconds s)
21
COMBINED Physics equations
Paper 2
Power = Work done divide time taken P = W divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Charge = Current X timeQ = I X t(Coulombs C) (Amps A) (seconds s)
Energy transferred = charge moved X potential differenceE = Q x V(Joules J) (Coulomb C) (Volts V)
potential difference = Current X resistance V = I X R(Volts V) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
Power = Energy transferred divide time taken P = E divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Electrical Power = current X potential differencep = I X v(Watts W) (Amps A) (Volts V)
Electrical Power = current2 X Resistancep = I2 X R(Watts W) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
density = mass divide Volumep = m divide V(Kilograms per metre3 Kgm3) (Kilogram Kg) (metre3 m3)
Force exerted on spring = spring constant X extension F = k X x(Newton N) (Newton metres Nm) (metres m)
22
Physics equations
Paper 1
Distance = speed X timed = x X t(metres m) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Acceleration = change in velocity divide timea = (v ndash u) divide t(metres per second2 ms2) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Force = mass X accelerationF = m X a(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second2 ms2)
Weight = mass X gravitational field strengthW = m X g(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg)
Momentum = mass X velocityp = m X v(Kilogram metres per second kgms) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Work done = Force X distance moved (in direction of force)
E = F X d(Joule J) (Newton N) (metre m)
Kinetic Energy = frac12 X mass X (speed)2
KE (or Ek) = frac12 X m X V2
(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Gravitational potential energy = mass X gravitational field strength X change in height GPE = m X g X h(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg) (metres m)
Efficiency = useful energy transferred to device divide total energy supplied to the device
Wave speed = frequency X wavelengthv = f X(metres per second ms) (Hertz Hz) (metres m)
Wave speed = distance divide timev = x divide t (metres per second ms) (metres m) (seconds s)
21
Physics equations
Paper 2
Power = Work done divide time taken P = W divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Moment of a force = Force X distance moved in direction of force(Newton metre Nm) (Newton N) (Metre m)
Charge = Current X timeQ = I X t(Coulombs C) (Amps A) (seconds s)
Energy transferred = charge moved X potential differenceE = Q x V(Joules J) (Coulomb C) (Volts V)
potential difference = Current X resistance V = I X R(Volts V) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
Power = Energy transferred divide time taken P = E divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Electrical Power = current X potential differencep = I X v(Watts W) (Amps A) (Volts V)
Electrical Power = current2 X Resistancep = I2 X R(Watts W) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
density = mass divide Volumep = m divide V(Kilograms per metre3 Kgm3) (Kilogram Kg) (metre3 m3)
Force exerted on spring = spring constant X extension F = k X x(Newton N) (Newton metres Nm) (metres m)
Pressure = Force normal to surface divide area of surfaceP = F divide A (Pascal Pa) (Newton N) (metres2 m2)
22
COMBINED Physics equations
Paper 1
Distance = speed X timed = x X t(metres m) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Acceleration = change in velocity divide timea = (v ndash u) divide t(metres per second2 ms2) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Force = mass X accelerationF = m X a(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second2 ms2)
Weight = mass X gravitational field strengthW = m X g(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg)
Momentum = mass X velocityp = m X v(Kilogram metres per second kgms) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Work done = Force X distance moved (in direction of force)
E = F X d(Joule J) (Newton N) (metre m)
Kinetic Energy = frac12 X mass X (speed)2
KE (or Ek) = frac12 X m X V2
(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Gravitational potential energy = mass X gravitational field strength X change in height GPE = m X g X h(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg) (metres m)
Efficiency = useful energy transferred to device divide total energy supplied to the device
Wave speed = frequency X wavelengthv = f X(metres per second ms) (Hertz Hz) (metres m)
Wave speed = distance divide timev = x divide t (metres per second ms) (metres m) (seconds s)
21
COMBINED Physics equations
Paper 2
Power = Work done divide time taken P = W divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Charge = Current X timeQ = I X t(Coulombs C) (Amps A) (seconds s)
Energy transferred = charge moved X potential differenceE = Q x V(Joules J) (Coulomb C) (Volts V)
potential difference = Current X resistance V = I X R(Volts V) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
Power = Energy transferred divide time taken P = E divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Electrical Power = current X potential differencep = I X v(Watts W) (Amps A) (Volts V)
Electrical Power = current2 X Resistancep = I2 X R(Watts W) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
density = mass divide Volumep = m divide V(Kilograms per metre3 Kgm3) (Kilogram Kg) (metre3 m3)
Force exerted on spring = spring constant X extension F = k X x(Newton N) (Newton metres Nm) (metres m)
22
Physics equations
Paper 2
Power = Work done divide time taken P = W divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Moment of a force = Force X distance moved in direction of force(Newton metre Nm) (Newton N) (Metre m)
Charge = Current X timeQ = I X t(Coulombs C) (Amps A) (seconds s)
Energy transferred = charge moved X potential differenceE = Q x V(Joules J) (Coulomb C) (Volts V)
potential difference = Current X resistance V = I X R(Volts V) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
Power = Energy transferred divide time taken P = E divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Electrical Power = current X potential differencep = I X v(Watts W) (Amps A) (Volts V)
Electrical Power = current2 X Resistancep = I2 X R(Watts W) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
density = mass divide Volumep = m divide V(Kilograms per metre3 Kgm3) (Kilogram Kg) (metre3 m3)
Force exerted on spring = spring constant X extension F = k X x(Newton N) (Newton metres Nm) (metres m)
Pressure = Force normal to surface divide area of surfaceP = F divide A (Pascal Pa) (Newton N) (metres2 m2)
22
COMBINED Physics equations
Paper 1
Distance = speed X timed = x X t(metres m) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Acceleration = change in velocity divide timea = (v ndash u) divide t(metres per second2 ms2) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Force = mass X accelerationF = m X a(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second2 ms2)
Weight = mass X gravitational field strengthW = m X g(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg)
Momentum = mass X velocityp = m X v(Kilogram metres per second kgms) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Work done = Force X distance moved (in direction of force)
E = F X d(Joule J) (Newton N) (metre m)
Kinetic Energy = frac12 X mass X (speed)2
KE (or Ek) = frac12 X m X V2
(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Gravitational potential energy = mass X gravitational field strength X change in height GPE = m X g X h(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg) (metres m)
Efficiency = useful energy transferred to device divide total energy supplied to the device
Wave speed = frequency X wavelengthv = f X(metres per second ms) (Hertz Hz) (metres m)
Wave speed = distance divide timev = x divide t (metres per second ms) (metres m) (seconds s)
21
COMBINED Physics equations
Paper 2
Power = Work done divide time taken P = W divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Charge = Current X timeQ = I X t(Coulombs C) (Amps A) (seconds s)
Energy transferred = charge moved X potential differenceE = Q x V(Joules J) (Coulomb C) (Volts V)
potential difference = Current X resistance V = I X R(Volts V) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
Power = Energy transferred divide time taken P = E divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Electrical Power = current X potential differencep = I X v(Watts W) (Amps A) (Volts V)
Electrical Power = current2 X Resistancep = I2 X R(Watts W) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
density = mass divide Volumep = m divide V(Kilograms per metre3 Kgm3) (Kilogram Kg) (metre3 m3)
Force exerted on spring = spring constant X extension F = k X x(Newton N) (Newton metres Nm) (metres m)
22
COMBINED Physics equations
Paper 1
Distance = speed X timed = x X t(metres m) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Acceleration = change in velocity divide timea = (v ndash u) divide t(metres per second2 ms2) (metres per second ms) (seconds s)
Force = mass X accelerationF = m X a(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second2 ms2)
Weight = mass X gravitational field strengthW = m X g(Newtons N) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg)
Momentum = mass X velocityp = m X v(Kilogram metres per second kgms) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Work done = Force X distance moved (in direction of force)
E = F X d(Joule J) (Newton N) (metre m)
Kinetic Energy = frac12 X mass X (speed)2
KE (or Ek) = frac12 X m X V2
(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (metres per second ms)
Gravitational potential energy = mass X gravitational field strength X change in height GPE = m X g X h(Joule J) (Kilogram Kg) (Newtons per kilogram NKg) (metres m)
Efficiency = useful energy transferred to device divide total energy supplied to the device
Wave speed = frequency X wavelengthv = f X(metres per second ms) (Hertz Hz) (metres m)
Wave speed = distance divide timev = x divide t (metres per second ms) (metres m) (seconds s)
21
COMBINED Physics equations
Paper 2
Power = Work done divide time taken P = W divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Charge = Current X timeQ = I X t(Coulombs C) (Amps A) (seconds s)
Energy transferred = charge moved X potential differenceE = Q x V(Joules J) (Coulomb C) (Volts V)
potential difference = Current X resistance V = I X R(Volts V) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
Power = Energy transferred divide time taken P = E divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Electrical Power = current X potential differencep = I X v(Watts W) (Amps A) (Volts V)
Electrical Power = current2 X Resistancep = I2 X R(Watts W) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
density = mass divide Volumep = m divide V(Kilograms per metre3 Kgm3) (Kilogram Kg) (metre3 m3)
Force exerted on spring = spring constant X extension F = k X x(Newton N) (Newton metres Nm) (metres m)
22
COMBINED Physics equations
Paper 2
Power = Work done divide time taken P = W divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Charge = Current X timeQ = I X t(Coulombs C) (Amps A) (seconds s)
Energy transferred = charge moved X potential differenceE = Q x V(Joules J) (Coulomb C) (Volts V)
potential difference = Current X resistance V = I X R(Volts V) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
Power = Energy transferred divide time taken P = E divide t(Watts W) (Joule J) (seconds s)
Electrical Power = current X potential differencep = I X v(Watts W) (Amps A) (Volts V)
Electrical Power = current2 X Resistancep = I2 X R(Watts W) (Amps A) (Ohms Ω)
density = mass divide Volumep = m divide V(Kilograms per metre3 Kgm3) (Kilogram Kg) (metre3 m3)
Force exerted on spring = spring constant X extension F = k X x(Newton N) (Newton metres Nm) (metres m)
22
