Combat Archery Handbook - marshal.sca-caid.orgmarshal.sca-caid.org/pubs/archives/undated/CA_Handbook_06-05.pdfprojectiles; adds Omarad tips to acceptable designs for Siloflex equivalent

Caid Combat Archery Handbook 06/30/05

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Kingdom of Caid

Combat Archery Handbook

Society for Creative Anachronism, Inc.


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Kingdom of Caid Combat Archery Handbook

PrefaceCombat archery adds complexity and challenge to our battlefields, and archers

now form a branch of Caidan battlefield arms. As such, archers have the reward of bending their bows for the greater glory of Caid, but also the responsibility of contributing to a safe and chivalrous field of combat.

The overriding goal is safety from the structure of the projectiles used, to the structure of the Marshalate which oversees the combat archery activities of the Kingdom. But a close second is courtesy and fairness, so that archers will always be welcome on the battlefield as fellow warriors, deserving of respect as they serve Caid with their weapons of war.

It is to that end that this handbook is aimed. This edition of the Combat Archery Handbook is a major re-write of the 2000 edition; many rules are unchanged, but others have been adjusted in keeping with SCA level changes. The sections concerning the structure of the Marshalate, authorizations, and eye protection are new.

Finally, many thanks are due to The Honorable Lady Morgan Fellwalker, who provided both the foundation for this document and many years of service in support of Caidan combat archery; to Sir Malachi and Sir Gar, Earl Marshals both, for their support of the writing of this handbook; and to The Honorable Lady Tessa the Huntress, Deputy Society Marshal for Combat Archery, for her ever ready assistance.

Baron Eadric of MansfieldDeputy Earl Marshal of CaidCombat Archery and Siege CombatOriginal Release 09/01/2004


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Table of Contents

Introduction and Revision History

I. Combat Archery RulesA. ConventionsB. Armor RequirementsC. Weapons

II. Combat Archery MarshalingA. Marshalate StructureB. Events C. Weapons InspectionD. Authorizing Combat ArchersE. Grievance ProcedureF. Experimental/Testing procedure

AppendicesA. BowsB. Bow ProjectilesC. Hand Thrown Weapons (not yet released)D. Eye Protection RequirementsE. FormsF. Glossary

Index


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IntroductionThis rule set for Combat Archery in the Kingdom of Caid is a subset of Caid’s

Combat Handbook, 5th Edition (referred to below as CCH5). Rules in this document are subject to the SCA level combat and combat archery rule sets, and Caid’s heavy weapons rule set. Changes to those rules will invalidate conflicting rules herein. War scenario rulesmay impose further limits on combat archery, but may not allow anything prohibited by this rule set.

The Great Western War (GWW) held in Caid is a special case. As a courtesy to visiting fighters, GWW has a more liberal list of allowed projectiles, which will be published in advance for each GWW by the Kingdom Deputy Earl Marshal for Combat Archery (KDEMCA). Inclusion of a projectile type for that event does not grant any allowance for use in Caid at any other time.

This document does not cover Siege Weapons. Currently, Caid uses SCA level Siege Rules for siege weapons.

Revision History

09/01/04: Original release

07/15/05: First revision (see revision sheet for details): added war practices to the combat archery event types; added responsibility of archers for dodged projectiles; allows discarding of handbows by dropping them to the ground; clarifies confiscation of unmarked projectiles by the Marshalate; reduces hands-on combat archery marshalling experience required by non-archers for SCAM warrant; allows KDEMCA or KEM to adjust number of CAMs/SCAMs required for an event; changes requirements for passing written test for combat archer authorization; adds sunset date for use of golftubes in projectiles; adds Omarad tips to acceptable designs for Siloflex equivalent arrows; revised hand-thrown weapons rules, adds throwing maces as standard design, finalized elimination of PVC javelin design from use, and mod to Thrust and Throw Javelin design; add Regional Deputy to Glossary.


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I. Combat Archery Rules

A. Conventions1. General Conventionsa. Combat archery in Caid typically occurs at wars, either on the battlefields or in

combat archery games, as well as war practices. Any variance to this has to be approved of in advance by the KDEMCA or their superiors. SCA rules prohibit the use of any projectiles in the Lists.

b. All combat archers in Caid are considered to be full-contact combatants, and can be hit by any battlefield weapon.

c. All fighters are responsible for the condition of their equipment, and the flight of their projectiles unless they are blocked, deflected or otherwise diverted after they have left the fighter. A fighter should always attempt to anticipate the result if a projectile should be dodged by a target, and be aware of what lies beyond his target as best possible. A fighter should not deliberately direct a projectile towards a spectator’s area. Any fighter that strikes a marshal or other non-combatant with a projectile that has not been deflected, or dodged by a target shall be considered dead in that scenario. If the same fighter strikes a marshal or other non-combatant twice at the same event this shall be considered grounds for a Marshal's Court.

d. When “HOLD” is called, all archers shall secure their weapons from accidental discharge.

e. Non-archers may carry arrows or bolts.f. Fighters may not intentionally damage, conceal or retain projectiles in order to

remove them from the field of combat.g. Hand bows and cross bows are the only hand held projectile launchers allowed. h. Free standing arrow quivers are not acceptable due to the hazard they present to

someone falling or tripping over them. i. Combat archers will display the same courtesy and chivalry expected from any

combatant on the field. This includes respect for their opponents, the calling of blows, and regard for the words of the Marshals.

2. Rules of Engagementa. Projectiles must hit point first to count, but are not required to hit with

equivalent force to a rattan or other hand weapon blow to be considered a killing blow. Projectiles which hit squarely, are non-glancing, and are noticed (seen, felt, or heard) by the fighter hit by it should be considered good. Projectiles which glance off a target can be a good hit on a second target if it meets the impact criteria as stated. Projectiles striking the ground shall be considered dead, even if they bounce up and strike a fighter. Projectiles may not be used as thrusting weapons. Arrows, bolts, and siege projectilesmay not be thrown by hand.

b. Killing zones for all arrows, crossbow bolts, and thrown weapons shall be the head, torso, abdomen, groin, back, and from inside the crown of the shoulder inwards toward the neck. Blows to the arms, shoulders, hips and legs shall be considered to have incapacitated the appropriate limb. Strikes to the back of an opponent are considered good. An archer or other missile fighter is considered engaged with all targets within range once combat commences.


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c. There is no minimum range required to discharge an arrow or bolt; however, the missile must have fully cleared the bow before striking its target.

d. Arrows, crossbow bolts, and thrown weapons may be blocked by shields, rattan weapons, javelins, bows and other projectiles (if in flight). Turning your back to a projectile in flight does not negate its effects.

e. A fighter may not intentionally attempt to block any weapon with a bow, arrows/bolts or hand thrown weapon (with the exception of frameas/Thrust and Throw javelins). Bows that are struck by any weapon shall be considered broken and may not be used again until they are re-inspected off the field for damage by a combat archery marshal.

f. Slung projectiles (quiver or hand thrown weapon, for example) are not considered armor and will not have any effect on the blows of rattan weapons or missiles. The projectiles in a quiver that is struck are not considered to have been broken, but should be visually re-inspected by the archer before being used.

g. Fighters may not grasp, strike or swing at a bow, arrow/bolt or hand thrown weapon to disrupt the release of the projectile.

h. Fighters may strike any archer that has been properly engaged and has not yielded. Fighters may not strike any archer that yells 'YIELD', signifying that he is to be considered dead. Yielding fighters should kneel, place their weapon on the ground or behind their back, and shout "yield" (repeatedly if necessary).

A cry of “YIELD” shall be accepted. Fighters may not demand that an archer yield but may offer the archer the opportunity. Any fighter that strikes an archer that has yielded and is on his knees with his bow on the ground or behind his back, or an archer that yields in an unsafe manner, is subject to an immediate Marshal's Court.

i. Having yielded or been killed, an archer should leave the battlefield as soon as practical (thus decreasing the chance that a bow will be stepped on). Archers leaving the field should hold the bow over their head.


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3. Killing from Behind:a. Archers are 'killed from behind' in the same manner as any other heavy

weapons fighter, provided the scenario rules allow killing from behind (CCH5 Section I.3). An archer that is engaged by a fighter and turns his back does not negate a blow that was already started and strikes him in the back.

b. It is legal for archers to shoot at the back of fighters within range. All combatants are considered engaged with any archer that can potentially hit them, once combat commences.

c. At their option, archers are allowed to use a combat arrow or bolt to kill from behind (per those rules) as a safety consideration, if the hand holding the arrow or bolt is fully armored.

4. Archers using Rattan weaponsa. Archers may carry a rattan weapon as a secondary weapon, as long as it is

secured while they are wielding the bow. Any fighter caught wielding both a bow and hand weapon shall be considered killed. An archer may draw and use a rattan weapon, so long as their bow is discarded. To discard a crossbow an archer must remove it from the field, hand it to another (who is not wielding a rattan weapon, or who may be dead or have yielded and is exiting the battlefield), or place it in a specified safe area of the battlefield designated by the scenario rules. To discard a handbow an archer may, in addition to the methods listed for crossbow, place the bow upon the ground. A bow recovered from the ground after a battle must be re-inspected by the archer and removed from use if there is any sign of damage. A bow may not be "slung" in any manner. Bows and projectiles given to marshals or dead/yielded fighters are considered removed from the field.

b. An archer must have Caid-minimum heavy weapon hand protection for both hands in order to use a rattan weapon (CCH5 I.E.1.E). If the archer later retrieves their bow, the rattan weapon must be dropped or re-secured. Secondary weapons do not require a lanyard or safety strap.

5. Projectile Recovery and Reusea. Projectiles made with Golf tube and Siloflex equivalent shafts may be

recovered and re-shot during a battle. The recovering archers should inspect the projectile for damage before shooting.

b. Once shot, fiberglass shafted projectiles must be brought to an inspection point between scenarios and inspected by a Combat Archery Marshal assigned for the purpose, or by the owning archer under the supervision of such a Marshal, before being reused in combat. Unless prohibited by scenario rules, such projectiles may be brought to an inspection point during resurrection battles and then returned to combat after inspection.If no Combat Archery Marshals are assigned to supervise re-inspection of projectilesduring resurrection battles, such projectiles may only be shot once and will be considered spent for the remainder of that scenario.

c. Projectiles may not be recovered during a hold.


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B. Armor Requirements1. Armor Requirementsa. Minimum armor requirements for combat archery are the same as for other

Caidan heavy weapons fighting with the sole exception of hand protection requirements. Archers may wear an Archer’s Gauntlet on either or both hands. The “Archer’s Gauntlet” shall be a minimum of a heavy leather half gauntlet lined with closed cell foam or heavy padding; or a standard ice hockey or lacrosse glove (properly disguised) with the fingers removed. The back of the hand, thumb and wrist must be protected.

2. Shields for Archersa. Archers may carry a single "archery shield", and it must be in active use or it

counts as armor (not a shield). b. A shield used by an archer must be at least 20" and no more than 26” in

diameter. In all other respects, it must meet Caidan shield standards (CCH5, I.E.2).c. Archery shields protect as normal shields, but should only be used to block

incoming projectiles. Blocking rattan weapons shots increases the risk of the bow being accidentally struck. Archers who routinely engage rattan weapons at close range such that they are actively blocking rattan shots with an archery shield shall be subject to suspension or denied further use of this type of shield.

3. Pavisesa. Archers may use a pavise, an unmanned shield propped up by a legal Javelin

or piece of rattan that is beveled at both ends (so that it presents no danger to the fighters if it should be detached from the pavise).

b. Pavises may be no larger than 3.5 feet wide and 5 feet tall. Anything larger is considered siege equipment and must conform to such rules as well as scenario limitations.

c. Pavise construction should meet Caid shield standards (CCH5, I.E.2).d. Quivers attached to pavises are acceptable.

C. WeaponsThis section provides general rules concerning bows and projectiles. See the

Appendices for specific rules.1. Bowsa. Recurve, take-down (where the limbs are detachable) and long bows are

allowed; the use of hand bows and crossbows that have a period appearance is strongly encouraged. Bows that are obviously modern in appearance (compound, plastic, rifle stocks, frames with cutouts, etc.) are prohibited.

b. Metal cable strings or strings made of elastic material such as bungee cord or surgical tubing are prohibited. Modern trigger systems are not acceptable, except release aids individually approved by the Marshalate to allow easier use of handbow arrows equipped with rigid Anti-Penetration Devices (APD) which can interfere with an archer’s ability to draw and hold the arrow.

c. All bows must be in good repair and safe to operate.2. Projectiles:


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a. No part of a projectile is allowed to pass through the bars of a legal helm grill more than 1/2 inch.

b. All projectiles shall be marked in English with the written or printed name of their user or maker and their kingdom of residence. Cresting is not an acceptable equivalent. Any projectiles not marked such that the owner can be readily identified shall be banned from the field. Unmarked projectiles found on the field by the Marshalate shall be removed and not returned.

c. It is recommended that archers who have projectiles built in different batches mark the projectiles with the month and year they were constructed, to more easily identify “batches” that may share the same materials or construction methods. Unmarked projectiles risk being prohibited from use by association with failed projectiles.

d. Arrows and bolts may only be used as missiles launched from a bow. No arrows shall be used as hand-held thrusting weapons. (This is not related to Killing from Behind rules.)

e. Projectiles designed to be thrown may not be shot from any bow.f. Projectile construction specifications typically include specific materials that

are to be used in construction. In such cases, alternate materials are not allowed to replace specified materials. Substitutions shall only be made after the proper testing procedures for new equipment have been completed and approved. No metal or hard PVCcomponents can be used in the construction of any projectile.

g. Fletching is allowed and may be of any standard method approved for SCA combat arrows or bolts (feathers, vinyl vanes, card, foam, etc.). Fletching must be of soft, flexible material such as foam, soft leather or duct tape and rounded so as to present no sharp corners. Commercial fletching or vinyl vanes are also acceptable. Fletching is not required and the size, shape, and inclusion are left to the discretion of the archer as long as they meet these requirements and can not penetrate more than one-half inch into a helm grill. Fletching may contrast with shaft color.

h. Projectiles with wood shafts are expressly prohibited.


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II. Combat Archery Marshaling

A. Marshalate Structure1. IntroductionMost combat archery rules (those dealing with behavior on the battlefield) are

dependent on the broader set of rules for war combat. Knowledge of these rules is already the responsibility of all heavy weapons Marshals. But combat archery equipment (including hand thrown weapons) involves a considerable number of additional rules, some of which are quite intricate. Consequently, Combat Archery Marshal warrants can be added to a marshal's already existing warrant to give authority (and responsibility) over these additional rules.

2. Combat Archery WarrantsCombat Archery Marshal Warrants come in two grades: the Combat Archery

Marshal Warrant (for Heavy Weapons Marshals) and the Senior Combat Archery Marshal Warrant (for Heavy Weapons Senior Marshals).

Combat Archery Marshal Warrant (for Marshal) (CAM):Responsibility/Authority: supervising Combat Archery (CA) missile inspection

(primary inspection and between battles), visual bow inspections (primary).Pre-requisites: A candidate for a CAM warrant must possess a basic Marshal's

Warrant (heavy weapons) before the CAM warrant will be issued (work on the two warrants can be concurrent).

Instruction:Class: Two hour; to include hands-on missile and bow inspections (and

includes time for taking test)Test: ~30 questionsExperience: For combat archers: Four days of combat archery marshaling

(to include inspections); eight days for non-archers.Plus Recommendation by a SCAM

Senior Combat Archery Marshal Warrant (for Senior Marshal) (SCAM)Responsibility/Authority: Combat archer authorizations, bow draw testing, Event

Combat Archery Marshal-in-Charge (CAMiC), Regional CA Marshal, oversight of experimental testing.

Pre-requisites: A candidate for a Senior Combat Archery Marshal warrant must possess a Senior Marshal's Warrant (heavy weapons) before the SCAM warrant will be issued (work on the two warrants can be concurrent).

Instruction:Class: Two hour; to include hand-on bow testing and authorization

practice (and includes time for taking test).Test: ~25 questionsExperience: Minimum one year as a CAM; Four days of combat archery

marshaling (to include inspections).arkPlus Recommendations from two SCAMs


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In the case of Combat Archery Marshals Warrants (and unlike other heavy weapons marshals warrants), instruction in the combat archery rules must come before any combat archery marshalling activity. Consequently, an “in training” warrant would be issued to a candidate, who would then continue on getting practical experience using what they had learned in class, until meeting the requirements for their Warrant. For example, the flow for a CAM Warrant would be:

Start with a heavy weapons Marshals Warrant (either completed or in work); take the CAM Warrant class; pass the CAM written test; then complete the days of combat archery marshalling (under the supervision of a CAM or SCAM). For lack of a better term, a marshal in between warrants might be considered a “brevet” of the next warrant level.

3. Additional roles in the combat archery Marshalate:Kingdom Deputy Earl Marshal for Combat Archery (KDEMCA): Appointed by

the Kingdom Earl Marshal (KEM) , this deputy supervises all manner of combat archery (and siege warfare) activities in the Kingdom. This includes rules book updates, approval and oversight of testing, combat archery marshal training and warranting, and overall responsibility for combat archery at events. Combat Archery Marshal-in-Charge (CAMiC) for GWW, and Caid’s combat archery representative for Estrella War.

Regional Deputies: The KDEMCA may recruit assistants to help with the regional oversight for combat archery. These regional combat archery marshals would oversee testing events in their area, provide hands-on assistance in training both archers and marshals, and generally keep track of activities locally. They would also be a pool of potential Marshals-in-Charge (MiC) for combat archery activities at local wars.

Event Combat Archery Marshal-in-Charge (CAMiC): This would be a SCAM, preferably the Regional CA Marshal for the area. The role of the event CAMiC would be to review the rules, scenarios and battlefields for combat archery safety and ruleconformance. They would also coordinate combat archery inspection activities, observe the archery combat, and supervise other SCAMs/CAMs.

4. ‘Grandfathering’ Authorizations and WarrantsArchers and Marshals under previous Caidan warranting schemes can be can have

their authorizations and warrants extended into this new system, contingent upon the completion of any requirements established by the KEM and the KDEMCAAny such requirements will be published separately.

B. EventsAny event which includes combat archery should have a designated Combat

Archery Marshal-in-Charge (CAMiC). A CAMiC must hold at least a Senior Combat Archery Marshal's warrant (SCAM).

The CAMiC will coordinate with the overall event MiC and autocrats to establish a safe area for spectators and non-combatants. The CAMiC shall ensure that all spectators are made aware of the danger of missile weapons prior to the start of combat. The CAMiC shall attempt to minimize the risk to all spectators, participants, and bystanders


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as much as possible given the constraints of the site; and remove spectators and unarmored participants from the potential line of fire of missiles that are in use.

The CAMiC should assure proper eye protection is available and in use as required during combat archery activity (see Appendix D for eye protection requirements).

The participating combat archers and their fighting units shall provide a reasonable number of trained and experienced Combat Archery Marshals. A battle where projectiles are in use should have two SCAMs minimum, plus additional archery marshals if more than 20 archers are fighting (other arrangements can be approved by the KDEMCA or the KEM). If not enough Combat Archery Marshals are available, combat archery shall not take place until additional Combat Archery Marshals are drafted from the assembled combatants.

Where combat including missiles is to take place, a readily identifiable boundary(edge of the field) for the combat shall be established. The MiCs shall establish a safe distance for the spectators from the boundary, while leaving a “buffer zone” of at least 10 yards (30’) between the edge of the field and the spectator area, as is appropriate to the scenario and missiles used. Spectators and inactive fighters must be outside this zone while combat is still taking place.

NOTE: Some localities consider crossbows to be equivalent to fire-arms. Be sure to check local ordinances before allowing crossbows in combat archery at your event.

C. Weapon InspectionsAny event which will have combat archery, must have equipment inspections of

bows, arrows/bolts, and pavises (at a minimum) before the equipment may be used. The inspections will be done at central location designated for the purpose, and performed by qualified combat archery marshals assigned for the purpose. Equipment which fails inspection may not be used, until corrected and reinspected. ( Hand thrown weapons may be inspected by any Marshal (not necessarily CAMs/SCAMs) designated for the purpose by the MiC).

1. Bow InspectionsThe poundage of a bow will be measured by a bow scale. The physical condition

of the bow will be examined for cracks, twists, worn strings, etc. If acceptable, it will be labeled with a sticker, which at a minimum will list the measured poundage and the initials of the testing Senior Combat Archery Marshal. An archer should remove his bow from the field for re-inspection, if he suspects it has sustained damage by any means.

2. Projectile InspectionsAll projectiles must be inspected before their first use at an event (spot checking

is not acceptable). In general, the following things should be checked: is the projectile an acceptable Caidan configuration and constructed in accordance with Caidan standards; are the components appropriately secured together; do padded surfaces have proper ‘give’; is the projectile properly labeled; and is the projectile properly color-coded.


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3. Pavise inspectionsPavises should be inspected both for size and also general condition. Points to

consider: is it constructed per Caidan war shield standards; is it in a safe condition; are there any dangerously projecting surfaces; and is the prop for the shield legal.

D. Authorizing Combat ArchersA combat archer must successfully complete an authorization process before

being allowed to shoot at combat events. A candidate for combat archery authorization must already be authorized in a heavy weapons form before attempting the combat archery authorization process. A fighter wishing to be a combat archer should gain proficiency with their equipment at formal practices with facilities for safe use of combat archery equipment. The practicing archer should adhere to the policies and waiver requirements of the supervising marshal.

The authorizing marshal must be a SCAM. Because the combat archery authorization is more elaborate, and involves additional assistants of some experience, than other heavy weapons authorizations, scheduling an authorization in advance is preferred. The authorization process has four steps: written test, armor and equipment inspection, questioning the archer, and explaining and performing the active portion of the test.

Following a successful completion of the authorization process, the authorizing marshal will add a combat archery authorization notation to the fighter's authorization card. The testing marshal must make sure that a report of the authorization is filed with the Earl Marshal or the fighter database will not be properly updated and the fighter may have to re-authorize when their card is reissued.

Written test: Have the candidate take the test: the test may be taken closed book (a passing grade is missing 4 or fewer questions), or open book (a passing grade is missing 3 or fewer questions). If they do not pass, they may not continue the authorization process that day. Review the test with the candidate if they wish.

Armor and equipment inspection: Have the archer present himself for inspection, fully armored and with their archery equipment. The authorizing SCAM should inspect the armor and equipment completely, pointing out any deficiencies and possible remedies. If the armor or equipment cannot be brought up to standard or replaced, the authorization may not proceed.

Question the archer: Ask the archer to point out the kill, wound, and non-target areas. If the archer intends to carry a secondary weapon onto the field, ask the archer to review the procedure for changing from the bow to the secondary. Ask the archer questions concerning battle field behavior and chivalry: the calling of blows, verbal confrontations, and opponents ignore hits.

Active test: Active testing must take place in a location that can be separated from uninvolved people. The active testing has two parts.


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The first part requires two experienced armored heavy weapons fighters armed with sword and shield, and an experienced marshal (in addition to the SCAM conducting the test).

Designate a visible line as being a battlefield boundary. Have both sword and shield fighters begin sparring at a distance of about 10 yards away from the archer and roughly 15 to 20 yards from the defined boundary. Designate one as a friend to the archer and the other as an opponent. Instruct the fighters to call blows but do not cease sparring. Have the fighters move in an arc from center field toward the 'border'.

a) Is the archer able to select his target or does he simply shoot at the combined combat without regard to friend or foe?

b) Does the archer cease to shoot or relocate himself when he is in danger of shooting toward the 'border'?

After the fighters have maneuvered near the boundary, have the armed fighters continue sparring as above, but remaining stationary. Have the second marshal walk around the field including behind the fighters while the archer is shooting.

a) Does the archer cease shooting or relocate himself when the marshal is in his line of fire?

The second part requires an experienced heavy weapons fighter armed with sword and shield. Have the archer take a position as if his back is up against a battlefield boundary. Start the other fighter about 15 to 20 yards in front of the archer (be sure there is a clear zone behind the target fighter). Have the target fighter advance at a walk on the archer until within sword range, and strike a normal killing blow (if permissible). Have the archer shoot as desired at the oncoming fighter (who may dodge or attempt to deflect arrows as desired). The archer may not move from his position.

a) Does the archer attempt to block with his bow? b) If the archer yields, does he yield correctly?c) If the archer allows himself to be hit, does he accept a normal killing blow?d) Does the archer demonstrate an ability to basically target the opponent?e) Does the archer show signs of uncertainty as the opponent is advancing?

The SCAM performing the test needs to judge the performance of the archer subjectively. If the fighter shows tendencies to panic when under attack, to fire arrows in an uncontrolled manner, to attempt to fight with both a weapon and a bow, or attempts to block rattan blows with their bow, they should not be passed. They may attempt to retake the active portion of the authorization test on another date (they need not retake the written test). A higher level of skill and situational awareness is expected of a combat archer than for other heavy weapon authorizations. If the authorizing Marshal is in doubt, err on the side of caution.

If the participate successfully authorizes, the SCAM will validate their fighter card for Combat Archery (CA/the initials of the SCAM), and submit a properly completed Additional Weapons Authorization to the KEM. CA authorization covers all classes of bows and types of projectiles allowed for use in Caid. An archer should only use equipment they can control and use safely. Failure to do so may result in loss of combat archery authorization.


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E. Grievance ProcedureThe procedure for resolving grievances on the battlefield shall be the same as

described in the CCH5, Section II, K. It is recommended that in the case of a grievance which includes aspects of combat archery, a senior member of the event’s combat archery staff attend the proceedings.

F. Experimental/Testing Procedure1. SCAA new configuration of combat archery equipment or a substantial change (form,

fit or function) to an existing approved design must be approved by the Deputy Society Marshal for Combat Archery before it may be used. The procedure for such an approval is rigorous and should not be undertaken without first reviewing current SCA designs, as well as testing in progress and failed designs. Developers must contact the DSMCA and the KDEMCA before undertaking a testing program.

2. CaidCombat archery equipment approved at the SCA level is not automatically

approved for use in Caid. Kingdom approval is based on appropriateness and desirability, as well as safety. A proliferation of designs is not desirable, and a new design should fit into the overall Kingdom array of configurations. A developer should consult with the KDEMCA with their ideas.


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AppendicesAppendix A: Bows

The general rules for bows are in Section I.C Weapons, above.Classes of Bow:

There are three classes of bow in Caid combat archery: Light Handbows, Heavy Handbows, and Crossbows. Each class of bow has strictly limited choice of usable projectiles (projectiles mentioned in this appendix refer to Caid-approved designs only; construction details are defined in Appendix B, below).

Light handbows may not exceed 30 lbs. draw at 28", measured from the center of the bow riser. Light Handbows may shoot golftubes, Siloflex, or fiberglass-shafted arrow using a heavy-modified UHMW blunt and a Caid approved APD.

Heavy handbows have over 30 lbs. draw up to a maximum of 50 lbs draw at 28", measured from the center of the bow riser. Heavy Handbows must be marked around the top 6 inches of the upper limb with red tape or equivalent to distinguish them from Light Handbows. Heavy Handbows may shoot only golftube or Siloflex arrows.

Crossbows may not exceed a maximum of 1000 inch pounds, measured by multiplying the length of the draw from the string at rest to the release point, by the weight of the draw at the release point. Crossbows may use shoot golftube or Siloflex bolts, or fiberglass "Fellwalker" bolts. Crossbows of over 600 inch pounds must have the last four inches of the right prod marked with red tape (in Caid, this SCA rule has no practical significance, in that all crossbows belong to the same class).

Crossbows must have prods constructed of a minimum of 3/16" 7075 T6 aluminum (1/4" 7075 T6 51 or better is strongly recommended), or of commercially available fiberglass or steel crossbow prods drawn within their poundage rating. Prods constructed with fiberglass electric fence posts shall not be allowed. Crossbows using other prod materials will be considered on an individual basis.

All prods must be covered with leather or an equivalent material and method as approved by the KEM and the KDEMCA, so that in case of breakage the limbs of the prod are tethered to the body of the bow. Crossbow prod tips must be covered or built up so that they cannot pass through a legal helm grill (practice "whiffle" golfballs (sometimes called “Tunjis”) are strongly recommended).


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Appendix B: Bow ProjectilesB1. ArrowsArrows are defined to be projectiles fired from a hand bow. Arrows have two

basic configurations: tube shaft (either golf tube or Siloflex equivalent tube) and fiberglass shaft. Fiberglass shafted arrows may only be fire from a Light Hand bow (30 lbs. or less of draw). Tube shafted arrows may be shot from any legal hand bow.

NOTE: Golftubes will be removed from Kingdom use as of January 1, 2006. while this is a Caid rule now, it is anticipated that golftubes will be retired SCA-wide as well.

1. Tube shafted arrows may be constructed with golftubes or Siloflex equivalent tubes. Golftubes may only use tennis ball tips and Siloflex equivalent tubes may use tennis ball tips or Omarad tips (both described below). The nock end opening of tube shafted arrows should be plugged or taped over to prevent the trapping of loose matter that may enter a helm when shot.

Tube shafted arrow shafts may be covered with tape but need not be. No part of the arrow except the ball may be taped with red tape or otherwise colored red. Tube arrow shafts may not be colored yellow, to avoid confusion with siege weapon missiles.

a. Golftube combat arrows: Maximum allowable arrow draw length (bottom of the nock slot to just behind the blunt) for golftube arrows is 33 inches. The use of resilient, non-frangible lightweight foam to stiffen the shaft is permitted. This must not add substantial additional weight to the arrow. Sprayed foam insulation is not permitted due to a tendency to crumble and powder under impact. The nock end of all golftube arrows and bolts must be reinforced to prevent the tube from compressing enough to be capable of penetrating an SCA legal helm. Allowable options for such stiffeners are 35mm film canister, or a 2 to 4 inch long plug of 100 or 160 psi Siloflex equivalent tubing for stiffening the nock end. Stiffeners must be attached with adhesive; taping and/or lacing the plug to the shaft is recommended.

b. Siloflex combat arrows: Siloflex equivalent arrows shall be constructed following the method for golftube arrows, using 100 PSI 1 inch inner diameter Siloflex brand polyethylene pipe or an approved equivalent (for an approved equivalent list, see SCA Combat Archery rule set). Maximum allowable arrow draw length (bottom of the nock slot to just behind the blunt) for Siloflex equivalent arrows is 28 inches. Siloflex shafts should not be filled with any material. Siloflex equivalent may have a 2 to 4 inch long plug of 100 or 160 psi Siloflex equivalent tubing for stiffening the nock end. Stiffeners must be attached with adhesive; taping and/or lacing the plug to the shaft is recommended.

Construction of tennis ball tip:Using a strong cord of 1/8" or less diameter, tie the tennis ball to the golf tube by

crossing two pieces of cord through the golf tube underneath the reinforcing ring, and over the tennis ball (using three strands with 6 holes may increase stability over two). Be sure that the knots are located on the side of the tennis ball and not at the tip. Securely tape the tennis ball to the tube using a high quality fiber-reinforced strapping tape. Be sure that the cords or laces are securely taped to the tennis ball to prevent slippage. These cords will prevent the tennis ball from being torn loose when the arrow strikes a hard surface. Cover the tennis ball and strapping tape with duct or electrical tape. The striking


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surface of the ball must be marked with a cross of red tape. There should be sufficient red showing from all angles that the arrow would normally be held.

Construction of an Omarad tip:Insert a No. 6.5 white gum rubber stopper (without holes) approximately

one-third it’s length into the Siloflex equivalent tubing. Using a strong cord of 1/8" or less diameter, tie the stopper to the tube by crossing two pieces of cord through the tube, and over the stopper (using three strands with 6 holes may increase stability over two). Be sure that the knots are located on the side of the stopper and not at the tip. Securely tape the stopper to the tube using a high quality fiber-reinforced strapping tape. Add at least one inch of resilient closed cell foam (such as Minicell brand) to the face of the stopper, using strapping tape. Do not compress foam while taping; padding must measure minimum 1” think after taping. The tip should have roughly a half inch of progressively resistant give when complete. Cover the tip and strapping tape with duct or electrical tape. The striking surface of the tip must be marked with a cross of red tape. There should be sufficient red showing from all angles that the arrow would normally be held.

2. Fiberglass Shafted Arrows: Fiberglass Shafted Arrows consist of three components: the blunt, the shaft, and the APD. Maximum allowable draw length (bottom of the nock slot to just behind the blunt) for fiberglass arrows is 28 inches.

Blunt: The Heavy Modified-Ultra High Molecular Weight (UHMW) blunt shall be used on all fiberglass shafted arrows, and should be constructed as described under the instructions for Fiberglass Shafted Crossbow Bolts (below). The blunt should additionally be covered with duct, gaffers or electrical tape in a bright color. It is not necessary to tape a contrasting "X" on the striking surface of the blunt. The blunt may not be excessively loose on the shaft, when tested using moderate force. An arrow is unacceptable if the blunt has more than one-half revolution of rotation around the shaft; or has more than one-quarter revolution of rotation, and shows any failure of the attaching tape or any vertical motion (in and out of the blunt).

Shaft: The arrow shaft shall be constructed only of 1/4 inch minimum diameter solid pultruded fiberglass rod, procured from approved sources (for a list of approved sources, see the SCA Combat Archery rule set). The shaft of the arrow shall be spirally or longitudinally wrapped with high quality fiber-strapping tape, totally covering the surface from the front of the fletching to the trailing edge of the UHMW blunt. The tape should be strong enough so that if the shaft should break, it will still be held together.

APD: All fiberglass arrows must also use an APD (Anti Penetration Device) approved for use in Caid. APD devices approved for use in Caid on handbow combat arrows are the 1 1/4 inch round or octagonal solid UHMW APDs, and the 160 psi routed channel Siloflex equivalent tube APD (per SCA specifications). The UHMW APDs may not be excessively loose on the shaft, when tested using moderate force. An arrow is unacceptable if the blunt has more than one-half revolution of rotation around the shaft; or has more than one-quarter revolution of rotation, and shows any failure of the attaching tape or any vertical motion (in and out of the blunt).

B2. BoltsBolts are defined to be projectiles fire from a crossbow. Bolts have two basic

configurations: tube shaft (either golf tube or Siloflex tube) and fiberglass shaft.


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NOTE: Golftubes will be removed from Kingdom use as of January 1, 2006. while this is a Caid rule now, it is anticipated that golftubes will be retired SCA-wide as well.

1. Golftube and Siloflex equivalent crossbow bolts: Golftube and Siloflex equivalent crossbow bolts should be constructed using the same method as for golftube arrows, but should be cut appropriately to match the crossbow such that just the blunt extends beyond the prod.

2. Fiberglass Shafted Crossbow Bolts: All fiberglass shafted crossbow bolts shall be the "Fellwalker" bolt design, and must be constructed from commercially available kits or to the following specifications:

Blunt: All blunts shall be of the Heavy Modified UHMW Blunt design. This consists of a 2 inch long by 1 1/4 inch diameter core of UHMW, the back 1 inch tapered down to the shaft, drilled to a depth of 1 inch to accept the shaft. All cut edges of the UHMW core shall be chamfered or rounded off. The shaft should be friction fit into the core and the core secured by at least two strips of 1/2 inch wide (minimum) high quality fiber strapping tape. These strips shall cross over the face of the core and down the sides, and onto the shaft for at least one inch.

The striking surface of the blunt shall be covered with no less than 1 inch thick by 1 3/8 inch diameter resilient closed cell foam. The sides of the blunt centering on the join between the UHMW and foam tip shall first be wrapped with 1/8 inch thick closed cell foam (or 2 wraps of 1 1/4 inch wide x 10 inch long strip of standard 1/16 inch mailing foam), then covered by a layer of strapping tape (a single wrap of 1 1/2 inch wide tape is recommended). Padding on the face of a blunt which has compacted under use to less than 3/4 inch in thickness must be replaced before use.

The assembled blunt shall be secured by at least two strips of 1/2 inch wide (minimum) high quality strapping tape. These strips shall cross over the face of the blunt and down the sides, and onto the shaft for at least one inch. It shall be secured to the shaft by another strip of tape that wraps around it as well as the base of the blunt and the shaft.

Shafts: All shafts shall be constructed from a 12 inch length of 1/4 inch diameter solid pultruded fiberglass rod. The shaft shall be spirally or longitudinally wrapped with high quality fiber-strapping tape along the entire exposed surface of the shaft. The tape should be strong enough so that if the shaft should break, it will still be held together.

APD: The APD disk shall be a disk 1/2 inch thick by 1 1/4 inch diameter UHMW rod, drilled 1/4 inch deep to accept the shaft. All cut edges of the UHMW disk shall be rounded off. The shaft should be friction fit into the APD and the core secured by as many strips of 1/2 inch wide (minimum) high quality strapping tape are required to completely cover and attach the disk to the shaft, leaving no gaps between the strips of tape. These strips shall cross over the face of the core and down the sides, and onto the shaft for at least one inch past any additional foam or taper used in front of the disk. It shall be secured to the shaft by another strip of tape that wraps around it and the shaft.

The assembled bolt must additionally be covered with duct, gaffers or electrical tape. It is required that the shaft and APD be taped in a solid base color, and the blunt taped in a bright contrasting color. It is not necessary to tape a contrasting "X" on the striking surface of the blunt. Cresting of heraldic colors, if done, should be only on or directly behind the blunt, or on the vanes/fletching, to prevent confusion of which end is the striking surface of the bolt. Neither the blunt nor the APD may be excessively loose


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on the shaft, when tested using moderate force. An arrow is unacceptable if the blunt or APD has more than one-half revolution of rotation around the shaft; or has more than one-quarter revolution of rotation, and shows any failure of the attaching tape or any vertical motion (in and out of the blunt or APD).


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Appendix C: Hand Thrown WeaponsC1. General Rules:1. Hand thrown missiles may include, but are not limited to: javelins, axes,

throwing knives, rocks, etc. Caid has two standard throwing weapons: Frameas (or Thrust and Throw Javelins) and Throwing Maces. Information on their construction is below. Non-standard throwing weapons need to be reviewed and approved by a Senior Marshal before use.

2. All hand thrown projectiles shall be constructed entirely with approved materials. Tape, foam, rubber hose, and leather are approved materials for making thrown weapons. (“Pork chop” thrown axes are made of tape, foam, rubber hose, and/or leather.) No rigid materials such as rattan or metal shall be used in the construction of a missile weapon.

3. A missile shall not contain any material, such as beans, sand, etc., which could enter the eyes if the missile breaks or the head comes loose.

4. No new weapons with PVC materials shall be allowed, with the exception of the PVC caps allowed on frameas. This does not apply to tape, like duct tape.

5. The striking surface must have progressive give.6. All missile weapons shall be marked in English with the name of their user and

the name of their kingdom to make it easier to locate the user of the weapons.7. The total weight of a hand thrown missile may not exceed 2 pounds.8. No missile weapon shall be able to be forced more than 1/2" into a legal face

grill.9. Hand thrown weapons shall not be constructed so as to flail or entangle, nor

shall they be so large as to be hazardous when used.10. Siege rocks can be made of foam or foam loosely packed in a cloth bag. Siege

rocks shall only be dropped, not thrown.11. Hand thrown weapons may be inspected by any Marshal (not necessarily

CAMs/SCAMs) designated for the purpose by the MiC.12. Hand thrown weapons must deliver an impact similar to a single-handed

sword thrust. If a hand thrown weapons lands with insufficient force, it can be discounted.

13. Hand thrown weapons can be recovered and re-used after a visual inspection for damage by any fighter.

C2. Javelins:No PVC javelins shall be used after July 1st, 2005

C3. Frameas (Thrust and Throw Javelins)1. Shafts shall be constructed of two layers of 160 PSI Siloflex. 2. The outer layer shall be 1 inch inner diameter Siloflex and the inner layer shall

be 0.75 inch Inner diameter Siloflex. The two layers should be laced together to prevent the inner layer from cutting into the head.

3. There is no taping required along the length of the shaft. 4. The material markings on the shaft shall be left uncovered.5. Please note that marshals may ask to remove the cap from the butt end to

inspect the javelin and assure proper 2-layer construction.


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6. Thrusting tips shall be used on one end only. Each tip shall have a minimum diameter of 2" and exhibit progressive give, without contacting the rigid tip underneath.

7. Overall length of the shaft shall not exceed 5 feet. The thrusting tip is not included in this length.

C4. Throwing Maces:1. 12” section of 1” diameter 100 psi Siloequivalent tubing2. Attach a tennis ball to both ends of the tube in the same manner as the tennis

ball on a tubular arrow (laced and taped).3. Tape three tennis balls together and tape them securely on the end of one of the

tennis balls on the tube, so they sit perpendicular to the shaft of the tube.4. Wrap the whole mace with duct tape and label with owner’s name and

Kingdom.


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Appendix D: Eye Protection RequirementsAny non-combatant on a battlefield in Caid where any form of missile weapon is

in use, must wear eye protection which meets Standard Specification ASTM F803 (Eye Protectors for Selected Sports). Tests defined by this specification simulate impacts to eyes as might occur in sports (from balls or racquets).

Any sub-class of ASTM F803 eyewear is acceptable, but Class I, which has an integral front frame and lens combination, is preferred. Class III (protection without lenses) is not recommended for our use.

ASTM F803 eye wear which fits over eyeglasses is acceptable, if the eyeglasses have polycarbonate lenses.

The eye wear may not be modified in any way which might diminish its protection, including removing any retaining head strap.

ANSI standard eyewear is specifically prohibited from use, as it does not protect from the injuries which may be inflicted by battlefield projectiles.

Any alternatives to this standard (such as marshal’s helms) will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis by the KEM, KDEMCA, or their designated representatives.

SCA-legal helms serves as the eye protection for combatants. Consequently, combatants may not remove their helms until they have left an active battlefield.


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Appendix E: Combat Archery Forms (contact the KDEMCA for copies)CAM "MiT" formSCAM “MiT” formReporting Guidelines for KDEMCA, CAMiC's and Regional CA Marshals


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Appendix F: Glossary

Arrow: a projectile for a hand bowAPD: Anti-Penetration Device; device to prevent entry of the nock end of a projectile into

a helm grillArcher: a combatant using a bowASTM: American Society for Testing and Materials; engineering standards organizationBow: any hand bow or crossbow Blunt: the impact end of a combat arrow or boltBolt: a projectile for a crossbow Bows: any type of bow: hand bow or crossbowCA: combat archer or combat archeryCAM: Combat Archery MarshalCAMiC: Combat Archery Marshal in Charge; a SCAM in charge of combat archery

activities at an event.CCH5: Caid Combat Handbook, 5th editionCombatant: any fighter active on a battlefield (not dead or yielded)Crossbows: a bow fixed crosswise to a stockDEM: Deputy Earl MarshalDSMCA: Deputy Society Marshal for Combat ArcheryFellwalker: a specific configuration of fiberglass shafted crossbow boltGleaning: typically picking up and re-shooting projectiles; referred to as Recovery and

Reuse in these rules, as the term ‘gleaning’ can be mis-interpreted.Golftube: plastic tube used for separating golf clubs in a bag; no standard constructionHand Bow: a bow drawn and held by hand, excluding crossbowsKDEMCA: Kingdom Deputy Earl Marshal for Combat ArcheryKEM: Kingdom Earl MarshalMarshal’s Court: Investigative procedure for combat related situations; defined in detail

in the CCH5.MiC: Marshal in Charge, typically of a field or of an eventProjectile: any object which can be thrown or fired on a battlefieldRegional Deputy: An administrative assistant to the KDEMCA, preferably a CAM or

SCAM.SCAM: Senior Combat Archery MarshalSiloflex or equivalent (“siloquivalent”): Siloflex is a brand-name for Polyethylene tubing

meeting a particular specification, but all forms of the accepted material is usually called Siloflex for short. There are other brands meeting the same specification. See the SCA Combat Archery rule set for a list of equivalents.

TB: short for tennis ball; used in abbreviating an arrow configurationUHMW: Ultra High Molecular Weight; a dense type of polyethylene plastic


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Index

CCombatant

ArmorGauntlet ............................................................8Hand .............................................................7, 8Requirements....................................................8

Authorization.......................................................13Active Test .....................................................13Armor & Equipment Inspection .....................13Question the Archer........................................13Written Test....................................................13

Chivalry ...........................................................5, 13Courtesy.............................................................4, 5Dead ......................................................................6Death from Behind ................................................7Engaged .........................................................5, 6, 7Full-Contact...........................................................5Killing from Behind...............................................7Non-Archers ..........................................................5Opponent .........................................................5, 13Yield ......................................................................6

Conventions - General ................................................5

EEquipment.............................................................9, 14

Anti-Penetration Devices (APD) ...............8, 16, 18Archery Shield.......................................................8Bow .......................................................5, 8, 16, 25

Appearance.......................................................8Crossbow....................................................8, 16

Fire-arm Equivalent ..................................12Discarded..........................................................7Heavy Handbow.............................................16Light Handbow.........................................16, 17Prod ................................................................16Recurve ............................................................8Release Aids.....................................................8Slung ................................................................7String................................................................8Struck ...............................................................6Trigger..............................................................8

Condition ...............................................................5Experimental/Testing Procedure..........................15Hand Bow..............................................................8Inspection ............................................................12

Bow Poundage................................................12Hand Thrown Weapons..................................12Pavise .............................................................13Projectile ........................................................12

Long Bow..............................................................8Pavise ....................................................................8Quivers ..................................................................8Rattan Secondary...................................................7

E continued

Equipment continuedRequirements

Hand Thrown Weapons ................................. 21Throwing Maces ............................................ 22

Siege ..................................................................... 8

FForce

Equivalent ............................................................. 5Forms ....................................................................... 24

GGreat Western War................................................... 11Grievance Procedure ................................................ 15

HHold............................................................................ 5

IInspection

Resurrection Battles .............................................. 7

LLists............................................................................ 5

MMarshalate...................................................... 8, 10, 11

Combat Archery Marshal (CAM) ....... 7, 10, 11, 12Combat Archery Marshal-in-Charge (CAMiC) .. 11Kingdom Deputy Earl Marshal for Combat

Archery (KDEMCA) 4, 5, 11, 15, 16, 23, 24, 25Kingdom Earl Marshal (KEM) ........................... 11Senior Combat Archery Marshal (SCAM).... 10, 11Structure.............................................................. 10

NNon-Combatant

Striking ................................................................. 5


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PProjectile ..................... 4, 5, 7, 8, 12, 14, 16, 17, 18, 25

Blocked..................................................................6Blocking ............................................................6, 8Construction ..........................................................9

Blunt...............................................................18Fletching...........................................................9Omarad Tip ....................................................18Tennis Ball Tip...............................................17Wood Shaft.......................................................9

Fiberglass Shaft ...............................................7, 16Fletching........................................................18, 19Glancing ................................................................5Gleaning ................................................................7Golftube.....................................................7, 16, 17Impact Criteria.......................................................5Inspection ..............................................................7Killing Zone...........................................................5Minimum Range....................................................6Recovery................................................................7Requirements.........................................................9

Markings ..........................................................9Reuse .....................................................................7SiloFlex ...............................................7, 16, 17, 25Throwing Weapons................................................9

ProjectilesAs hand held weapons ...........................................9Construction

Fletching...........................................................9Quiver....................................................................6Slung......................................................................6Unmarked ..............................................................9

QQuivers

Free Standing.........................................................5

RRules ................................................................ 4, 5, 11

Hand Thrown Weapons ...................................... 21Rules of Engagement ............................................ 5Siege ..................................................................... 4Throwing Maces ................................................. 22

SSafety ............................................................. 7, 11, 15

Eye Protection............................................... 12, 23Spectator Buffer Zone......................................... 12

Scenario................................................................ 7, 12Combat Archery Marshals Required................... 12

Spectator..................................................................... 5

WWar............................................................................. 4

Great Western War ............................................... 4Weapons

Bow..................................................................... 16Crossbow ....................................................... 16Heavy Handbow ............................................ 16Light Handbow........................................ 16, 17Prod ............................................................... 16

Inspection............................................................ 12Bow Poundage............................................... 12Hand Thrown................................................. 12Pavise............................................................. 13Projectile........................................................ 12

Siege ..................................................................... 4Thrust and Throw Javelins .................................. 21

Documents

Combat Archery Handbook - marshal.sca-caid.orgmarshal.sca-caid.org/pubs/archives/undated/CA_Handbook_06-05.pdfprojectiles; adds Omarad tips to acceptable designs for Siloflex equivalent