Columbus & the Columbus & the SpanishSpanish

Essential Essential Question: Question:

How did Spanish How did Spanish explorations explorations directly impact directly impact the early the early settlements of settlements of North America?North America?

Key PlayersKey Players Christopher ColumbusChristopher Columbus

Juan Ponce de LeonJuan Ponce de Leon

Alvar Nunez Cabeza Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vacade Vaca

Hernando de SotoHernando de Soto

Francisco CoronadoFrancisco CoronadoCoat of Arms of the Crown

of Castile

Vocabulary TermsVocabulary Terms ConquistadorConquistador

16th Century Map of “the World”

Christopher ColumbusChristopher Columbus Four expeditions of the Four expeditions of the

Caribbean SeaCaribbean Sea 1492, 1493, 1498, 1492, 1493, 1498,

& 1502& 1502 Explored present-day Explored present-day

Bahamas, Cuba, and Bahamas, Cuba, and Hispaniola (modern-day Haiti)Hispaniola (modern-day Haiti)

Proved the earth was much Proved the earth was much largerlarger than people than people previously believedpreviously believed

Thought he reached Asia but Thought he reached Asia but had “accidentally” discovered had “accidentally” discovered a “new world”a “new world”

Opened up further interest in Opened up further interest in explorationexploration

Died believing he was a Died believing he was a “failure” for not finding a new “failure” for not finding a new trade route to Asiatrade route to Asia

The Four Voyages of Christopher Columbus, 1492-1504

"Columbus at San Salvador" by Jean Leon Gerome Ferris, 1937

Juan Ponce de LeonJuan Ponce de Leon Explored and named Explored and named

modern-day modern-day FloridaFlorida in in 15131513 First recorded landing (near First recorded landing (near

St. Augustine) by St. Augustine) by Europeans in what is now Europeans in what is now the present-day U.S.the present-day U.S.

Discovered during the time Discovered during the time of the Easter Feast holiday, of the Easter Feast holiday, Pascua Florida Pascua Florida (feast of (feast of flowers)flowers)

Believed it was a separate Believed it was a separate islandisland

Mission was to find GOLD, Mission was to find GOLD, not to find “new lands” or not to find “new lands” or trade routestrade routes

Returned in 1521 with the Returned in 1521 with the intention of setting of the intention of setting of the first Spanish colonyfirst Spanish colony Attacked by hostile Indians Attacked by hostile Indians

and died from his woundsand died from his wounds

Alvar Nunez Cabez de Alvar Nunez Cabez de VacaVaca

1528 - First European to 1528 - First European to explore the coast of Texas, explore the coast of Texas, though unintentionalthough unintentional Shipwrecked after being Shipwrecked after being

chased out of Florida!chased out of Florida! Spent 4 years “surviving” in Spent 4 years “surviving” in

Texas until only 4 men leftTexas until only 4 men left Journied across present-day Journied across present-day

New Mexico and ArizonaNew Mexico and Arizona Captured, enslaved for 2 Captured, enslaved for 2

yearsyears Earned respect, ultimately Earned respect, ultimately

becoming a skilled becoming a skilled medicine man and diplomat medicine man and diplomat for the Karankawa Indiansfor the Karankawa Indians

Hernando de SotoHernando de Soto Helped conquer Peru (Inca) with Helped conquer Peru (Inca) with

Francisco Pizarro’s expedition in the Francisco Pizarro’s expedition in the 1530s 1530s

Set out for North America in 1539 Set out for North America in 1539 (1539-1542) landing ashore near (1539-1542) landing ashore near Tampa BayTampa Bay

Fleet of 10 ships and hand-selected crew Fleet of 10 ships and hand-selected crew of 700 men based on fighting prowessof 700 men based on fighting prowess

Primary mission to find more gold, Primary mission to find more gold, silver, and jewelssilver, and jewels

Detailed exploration of Florida revealed Detailed exploration of Florida revealed a much larger land mass than a much larger land mass than previously thoughtspreviously thoughts

Pushed WESTPushed WEST First known European to cross the First known European to cross the

Mississippi RiverMississippi River Poor treatment of the North American Poor treatment of the North American

natives earned negative reputation for natives earned negative reputation for Europeans – Europeans – conquistadorconquistador

You Tube: Mini Biography You Tube: Mini Biography https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NDH_pB6https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NDH_pB6DzNYDzNY

You Tube: Discovery of de Soto’s 1539 You Tube: Discovery of de Soto’s 1539 EncampmentEncampment https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L9I2d9cKhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L9I2d9cKKaIKaI

Hernando de Soto’s Explorations 1530-1544

Francisco CoronadoFrancisco Coronado Explored from 1540-Explored from 1540-

1542 in Mexico, 1542 in Mexico, modern-day Arizona, modern-day Arizona, New Mexico, and New Mexico, and KansasKansas

Sought the fabled Sought the fabled “golden cities” (cities “golden cities” (cities made of gold!)made of gold!)

Explorations help Explorations help spread Spanish spread Spanish influence into North influence into North America, opening up America, opening up the Southwest to the Southwest to Spanish settlementSpanish settlement

But wait … what’s But wait … what’s reallyreally going on here?going on here?

Christopher ColumbusChristopher Columbus Columbus did not “discover” Columbus did not “discover”

AmericaAmerica Native Americans have been living Native Americans have been living

here for 14,000 yearshere for 14,000 years Columbus never set foot in the Columbus never set foot in the

present-day United Statespresent-day United States

Columbus was a Columbus was a conquistadorconquistador, his , his primary mission was to find gold primary mission was to find gold (and/or a new trade route) for (and/or a new trade route) for Spain while his queen wanted him Spain while his queen wanted him to convert natives to Christianityto convert natives to Christianity

Columbus enslaved the Tainos Columbus enslaved the Tainos Indians, a peaceful tribe, and Indians, a peaceful tribe, and claimed their lands for Spainclaimed their lands for Spain

Forced them to dig for gold on Forced them to dig for gold on their own lands; use of torture their own lands; use of torture

Half the native population was Half the native population was dead in two years; NONE were left dead in two years; NONE were left after 5 yearsafter 5 years

"Such inhumanities and "Such inhumanities and barbarisms were committed in my barbarisms were committed in my sight as no age can parallel … my sight as no age can parallel … my eyes have seen these acts so eyes have seen these acts so foreign to human nature that now foreign to human nature that now I tremble as I write.”I tremble as I write.”~ Bartolome de las Casas ~ Bartolome de las Casas

Arrested for “acts of cruelty” but Arrested for “acts of cruelty” but pardoned by the king and queen pardoned by the king and queen of Spain – Columbus made them of Spain – Columbus made them very rich very rich selling slavesselling slaves, not by , not by bringing home gold!bringing home gold!

Though slavery was common and Though slavery was common and legal at the time, Columbus was legal at the time, Columbus was considered the first considered the first slave traderslave trader in in the Americas; Columbus’s son the Americas; Columbus’s son became the first African slave became the first African slave trader in 1505trader in 1505

Hero or Villain?Hero or Villain? Skilled sailor, Skilled sailor,

navigator, and ship’s navigator, and ship’s captaincaptain

OpportunistOpportunist Product of his timeProduct of his time Loyal to his patrons, Loyal to his patrons,

King Ferdinand and King Ferdinand and Queen IsabellaQueen Isabella

Took slaves from Took slaves from those who fought him those who fought him and his men; and his men; befriended other befriended other tribestribes

Importance of the Importance of the “Columbian “Columbian Exchange”Exchange”

First to bring diseases First to bring diseases to the Americasto the Americas

Unpopular with his Unpopular with his own peersown peers

Died a poor, old man Died a poor, old man believing he believing he accomplished nothing accomplished nothing he had set out to dohe had set out to do

Hero or villain? You Hero or villain? You decide.decide.

Legacy: The Columbian Legacy: The Columbian ExchangeExchange

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