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Age of Exploration Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations 1.Islam & the Spice Trade Malacca 2.A New Player

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Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations 1.Islam & the Spice Trade  Malacca 2.A New Player  Europe Nicolo, Maffeo, & Marco Polo, 1271 Expansion becomes a state enterprise  monarchs had the authority & the resources. Better seaworthy ships. 3. Chinese Admiral Zheng He & the Ming “Treasure Fleet”

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Page 1: Age of Exploration Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations 1.Islam & the Spice Trade  Malacca 2.A New Player
Page 2: Age of Exploration Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations 1.Islam & the Spice Trade  Malacca 2.A New Player

Age of Exploration

Page 3: Age of Exploration Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations 1.Islam & the Spice Trade  Malacca 2.A New Player

Earlier Explorations1. Islam & the Spice Trade

Malacca2. A New Player Europe

Nicolo, Maffeo, & Marco Polo, 1271Expansion becomes a state enterprise monarchs had the authority & the resources.Better seaworthy ships.

3.Chinese Admiral Zheng He & the Ming “Treasure Fleet”

Page 4: Age of Exploration Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations 1.Islam & the Spice Trade  Malacca 2.A New Player

A Map of the Known A Map of the Known World,World, pre- 1492pre- 1492

Page 5: Age of Exploration Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations 1.Islam & the Spice Trade  Malacca 2.A New Player

Motives for European Motives for European ExplorationExploration

1. Crusades by-pass intermediaries to get to Asia.

2. Renaissance curiosity about other lands and peoples.

3. Reformation refugees & missionaries.

4. Monarchs seeking new sources of revenue.

5. Technological advances.6. Fame and fortune.

Page 6: Age of Exploration Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations 1.Islam & the Spice Trade  Malacca 2.A New Player

New Maritime New Maritime TechnologiesTechnologies

Hartman Astrolabe

(1532)

Better Maps [Portulan]

Sextant

Mariner’s Compass

Page 7: Age of Exploration Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations 1.Islam & the Spice Trade  Malacca 2.A New Player

New Weapons New Weapons TechnologyTechnology

Page 8: Age of Exploration Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations 1.Islam & the Spice Trade  Malacca 2.A New Player

Prince Henry, the Prince Henry, the NavigatorNavigator

School for Navigation, 1419

Page 9: Age of Exploration Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations 1.Islam & the Spice Trade  Malacca 2.A New Player

Museum of Museum of NavigationNavigationin Lisbonin Lisbon

Page 10: Age of Exploration Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations 1.Islam & the Spice Trade  Malacca 2.A New Player

Portuguese Maritime Portuguese Maritime EmpireEmpire1. Exploring the west coast

of Africa.2. Bartolomeo Dias, 1487.3. Vasco da Gama, 1498.

Calicut.4. Admiral Alfonso de

Albuquerque (Goa, 1510; Malacca, 1511).

Page 11: Age of Exploration Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations 1.Islam & the Spice Trade  Malacca 2.A New Player

Christófo Colón Christófo Colón [1451-1506][1451-1506]

Page 12: Age of Exploration Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations 1.Islam & the Spice Trade  Malacca 2.A New Player

Columbus and others

Page 13: Age of Exploration Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations 1.Islam & the Spice Trade  Malacca 2.A New Player

Columbus’ Four Columbus’ Four VoyagesVoyages

Page 14: Age of Exploration Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations 1.Islam & the Spice Trade  Malacca 2.A New Player

Other Voyages of Other Voyages of ExplorationExploration

Page 15: Age of Exploration Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations 1.Islam & the Spice Trade  Malacca 2.A New Player

Ferdinand Magellan & Ferdinand Magellan & the First the First

Circumnavigation of the Circumnavigation of the World:World:Early 16cEarly 16c

Page 16: Age of Exploration Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations 1.Islam & the Spice Trade  Malacca 2.A New Player

Atlantic ExplorationsAtlantic Explorations

Looking for “El Dorado”Looking for “El Dorado”

Page 17: Age of Exploration Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations 1.Islam & the Spice Trade  Malacca 2.A New Player

Fernando CortésFernando Cortés

The First Spanish The First Spanish Conquests:Conquests:The AztecsThe Aztecs

Montezuma IIMontezuma II

vsvs..

Page 18: Age of Exploration Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations 1.Islam & the Spice Trade  Malacca 2.A New Player

The Death of The Death of Montezuma IIMontezuma II

Page 19: Age of Exploration Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations 1.Islam & the Spice Trade  Malacca 2.A New Player

Mexico Surrenders to Mexico Surrenders to CortésCortés

Page 20: Age of Exploration Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations 1.Islam & the Spice Trade  Malacca 2.A New Player

Francisco Francisco PizarroPizarro

The First Spanish The First Spanish Conquests:Conquests:

The The IncasIncas

AtahualpaAtahualpa

vsvs..

Page 21: Age of Exploration Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations 1.Islam & the Spice Trade  Malacca 2.A New Player

The “Columbian The “Columbian Exchange”Exchange” Squash Avocado Peppers Sweet

Potatoes Turkey Pumpkin Tobacco Quinine Cocoa

Pineapple Cassava POTATO

Peanut TOMATO Vanilla MAIZE Syphilis

Olive COFFEE BEAN Banana Rice Onion Turnip Honeybee Barley Grape Peach SUGAR

CANE Oats

Citrus Fruits Pear Wheat HORSE Cattle Sheep Pigs

Smallpox Flu Typhus Measles Malaria Diptheria Whooping

Cough

Trinkets Liquor GUNS

Page 22: Age of Exploration Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations 1.Islam & the Spice Trade  Malacca 2.A New Player
Page 23: Age of Exploration Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations 1.Islam & the Spice Trade  Malacca 2.A New Player

Cycle of Conquest & Cycle of Conquest & ColonizationColonization

Explorers Conquistadores

Mission

aries

PermanentSettlers

OfficialEuropeanColony!

Page 24: Age of Exploration Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations 1.Islam & the Spice Trade  Malacca 2.A New Player

TreasuresTreasuresfrom the Americas!from the Americas!

Page 25: Age of Exploration Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations 1.Islam & the Spice Trade  Malacca 2.A New Player

Slaves Working in a Slaves Working in a Brazilian Sugar MillBrazilian Sugar Mill

Page 26: Age of Exploration Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations 1.Islam & the Spice Trade  Malacca 2.A New Player

Trans-Atlantic Slave Trans-Atlantic Slave TradeTrade

Page 27: Age of Exploration Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations 1.Islam & the Spice Trade  Malacca 2.A New Player

The Slave TradeThe Slave Trade1. Existed in Africa before the

coming of the Europeans.2. Portuguese replaced European

slaves with Africans.Sugar cane & sugar plantations.First boatload of African slaves brought by the Spanish in 1518.275,000 enslaved Africans exportedto other countries.

3. Between 16c & 19c, about 10 million Africans shipped to the Americas.

Page 28: Age of Exploration Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations 1.Islam & the Spice Trade  Malacca 2.A New Player

Slave ShipSlave Ship

Page 29: Age of Exploration Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations 1.Islam & the Spice Trade  Malacca 2.A New Player

““Coffin” Position Coffin” Position Below DeckBelow Deck

Page 30: Age of Exploration Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations 1.Islam & the Spice Trade  Malacca 2.A New Player

African CaptivesAfrican CaptivesThrown OverboardThrown Overboard

Page 31: Age of Exploration Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations 1.Islam & the Spice Trade  Malacca 2.A New Player

European Empires in the European Empires in the AmericasAmericas

Page 32: Age of Exploration Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations 1.Islam & the Spice Trade  Malacca 2.A New Player

The Colonial Class The Colonial Class SystemSystem

PeninsularPeninsulareses CreolesCreoles

MestizoMestizoss

MulattMulattosos

Native IndiansNative Indians Black SlavesBlack Slaves

Page 33: Age of Exploration Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations 1.Islam & the Spice Trade  Malacca 2.A New Player

Administration of the Administration of the Spanish Empire in the Spanish Empire in the

New WorldNew World1. Encomienda

or forced labor.

2. Council of the Indies.

Viceroy.New Spain and Peru.

3. Papal agreement.

Page 34: Age of Exploration Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations 1.Islam & the Spice Trade  Malacca 2.A New Player

The Influence of the The Influence of the Colonial Catholic Colonial Catholic

ChurchChurch

Guadalajara Guadalajara CathedralCathedral

Our Lady of Our Lady of GuadalupeGuadalupe

Spanish Spanish MissionMission

Page 35: Age of Exploration Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations 1.Islam & the Spice Trade  Malacca 2.A New Player

The Treaty of Tordesillas, The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 & 1494 &

The Pope’s Line of The Pope’s Line of DemarcationDemarcation

Page 36: Age of Exploration Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations 1.Islam & the Spice Trade  Malacca 2.A New Player

Father Bartolomé de Father Bartolomé de Las CasasLas Casas

New Laws --> 1542New Laws --> 1542

Page 37: Age of Exploration Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations 1.Islam & the Spice Trade  Malacca 2.A New Player

New Colonial RivalsNew Colonial Rivals1. Portugal lacked the

numbers and wealth to dominate trade in the Indian Ocean.

2. Spain in Asia consolidated its holdings in the Philippines.

3. First English expedition to the Indies in 1591.

Surat in NW India in 1608.

4. Dutch arrive in India in 1595.

Page 38: Age of Exploration Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations 1.Islam & the Spice Trade  Malacca 2.A New Player

New Colonial RivalsNew Colonial Rivals

Page 39: Age of Exploration Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations 1.Islam & the Spice Trade  Malacca 2.A New Player

Impact of European Impact of European ExpansionExpansion

1. Native populations ravaged by disease.

2. Influx of gold, and especially silver, into Europe created an inflationary economic climate.

3. New products introduced across the continents [“Columbian Exchange”].

4. Deepened colonial rivalries.

Page 40: Age of Exploration Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations Earlier Explorations 1.Islam & the Spice Trade  Malacca 2.A New Player

5. New Patterns of 5. New Patterns of World TradeWorld Trade

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