Colonization of America

SWBAT

• Compare and Contrast Virginia and Massachusetts Settlements

• Examine roots of democracy

DO NOW

• What does democracy mean?

Why Leave Europe?

1. To make money

2. Adventure (looking for the Northwest Passage)

3. Britain becoming overcrowded

4. Need for natural resources and new markets

Attempts at Settlement

• Roanoke- (1587) Sir Walter Raleigh, “lost colony”, Croatoan?

• Jamestown- (1607) first PERMANENT settlement, settled by the Virginia Company

• Massachusetts- (1620)

Jamestown

MYTHS

• many riches

• good soil

REALITIES

• famine, disease, bad food & water

• poor leadership

• people not used to working

Jamestown • Groups who settled Jamestown:

- 2nd Sons of Aristocrats

- Indentured Servants (whites who worked off their passage fee)

- Criminals

- Africans replaced indentured servants in early 1700s via the Middle Passage

Jamestown

• House of Burgesses- colonies’ first representative lawmaking body

Massachusetts • Settled for religious freedom

Pilgrims (Plymouth) Puritans (Boston)

1620 1630

Tolerant of other religions

Not tolerant of other religions

Mayflower Compact

Salem Witch Trials

Massachusetts • Mayflower Compact-

a contract colonists agreed to, stating they consented to be governed by a government they created

- 1st plan for self-government

European Roots of Democracy

• Ancient Greece- direct democracy

• Ancient Rome- indirect democracy

Influences on American Political Thought

• Rousseau- majority should rule

• John Locke- Natural Rights cannot be taken away (life, liberty, property), Social Contract (if gov is failing, people can overthrow)

• Voltaire- Freedom of Speech

• Montesquieu- division of power within gov (separation of powers)

• Machiavelli- Indirect election of the president

• Hobbes- sacrifice personal interest for the good of all (Mayflower Contract)

Colonial Economy, and Government

DBQ Practice

•Complete the “DBQ: English Colonies, North and South”

Do Now

• How could the geography of a colony affect their economy?

SWBAT • Identify and explain the economy of

the colonies

• Explain the cycle of mercantilism

Southern Colonies

Middle Colonies

New England Colonies

Staple Crop

• Staple Crop- any crop most commonly used and in constant demand (ie. tobacco & cotton in the South), aka cash crops.

- vary from region to region

Mercantilism

• Mercantilism- belief that colonies exist to provide raw materials and markets for the economic benefits of the home (mother) country.

- economic theory of the 1600s

- goal = to export more goods than import

Mercantilism

Finished Products

England

Raw Materials

Colonies (the US)

Contain… Extracted by…

Produces… Sells back to the…

A European View

Navigation Acts • Passed by Parliament in 1660

• Goal: tighten economic control over colonies

• Colonies could only import and export goods with England, English ships had to be used, taxes placed on trade between colonies themselves

Navigation Acts • Problems arose when England

tried to enforce the act…

Salutary Neglect • England was so preoccupied by wars

they were fighting, it was hard to enforce the imposed Acts

• Until 1763, England governed the colonies under the policy of salutary neglect- England left the colonies alone as long as the colonies were making money for England

Colonial Government • Southern Colonies: Governor selected

by King of England

• Middle Colonies: same as South

*except Pennsylvania = gov. by Quakers

Colonial Government • New England Colonies: town meeting

style, self-government, charters from Britain

Acts in the Colonies • Passed by Parliament

• Parliament collected taxes from the colonies

1. SUGAR ACT 1764: tax on molasses was lowered to challenge the American smugglers, & a tax on sugar & other imported goods was put into effect

Acts in the Colonies 2. STAMP ACT 1765: tax on all

printed materials (newspapers, all legal documents, playing cards, etc.)

**Eventually taken away b/c colonists were so angry (tar & feather tax collectors)

Colonists tarring and feathering a tax collector. Published in London in 1774.

Tar and Feathering

•Tar and Feathering Scene- John Adams

Acts in the Colonies 3. QUARTERING ACT 1765:

Colonists must house British soldiers

4. TOWNSHEND ACT 1767: Tax on

lead, paint, tea, glass, and dye Colonists begin to boycott British goods Boston Massacre

Acts in the Colonies 5. TEA ACT 1773: allows British

East India Co. to sell their tea to the colonists directly, cutting out American tea sellers Americans can only buy their tea from this source (monopoly) the cost to Americans is less, but they are upset about the principle

Acts in the Colonies 6. INTOLERABLE ACTS 1774 (Reaction

to the Boston Tea Party): British close Boston Harbor, revoke Mass. Charter (assembly not allowed to meet) & forbid town meetings

Knowledge Check! During the colonial period, the British Parliament used the policy of mercantilism to

1. limit manufacturing in America

2. prevent criticism of royal policies

3. deny representation to the colonists

4. force colonists to worship in the Anglican Church

Wrap Up Remember: Parliament’s efforts to tax the colonists led to growing discontent in the colonies

• If you were a colonist, explain how would you have reacted to these taxes? Why?

Triangular Trade

• New England traded rum for enslaved people in West Africa. The enslaved people were sold in the West Indies for molasses or sugar, which was shipped to New England to make more rum.

Triangular Trade

North America

West Indies

Africa

Coffee, Sugar, Molasses

Slaves

Rum

Influences on Colonial

Government and Trade

DO NOW

• Explain the cycle of mercantilism during the colonial era.

English Influences on American Government

Magna Carta & common law

Parliament & House of Burgesses (bicameral legislature)

Magna Carta

• In 1215, King John of England agreed to the Magna Carta, which placed limits on the King’s power to rule.

Magna Carta • The Magna Carta declares:

No freeman shall be taken, imprisoned,...or

in any other way destroyed...except by the lawful judgment of his peers, or by the law of the land. To no one will we sell, to none will we deny or delay, right or justice.

• This excerpt should sound familiar? How?

Parliament’s Influence • Bicameral = 2 Houses

John Locke • Influenced the Declaration of

Independence (all men have the right to…)

• Why did the writers of the Dec. of Ind. change Locke’s words?

• Both the Magna Carta and Locke influenced the foundations for the Bill of Rights and later, our US Constitution

Practice • Read and complete questions: The

Zenger Trial & Habeas Corpus Reading

John Peter Zenger • Should there be

legal limits on the government’s control over what is written?

• John Peter Zenger

- printed what was true and was accused of wrongdoing

John Peter Zenger • He was found NOT guilty

• The case helped establish the principle of “freedom of the press” in the United States

Regents Review 1. One reason traditions of self-government developed in the American colonies before the French and Indian War was that the British

1) sent effective leaders to govern colonial settlements

2) required colonial representation in Parliament

3) practiced salutary neglect in the colonies

4) maintained a strong military presence in the colonies

2. In the 1760s, Americans in the original thirteen British colonies began to protest against

1) efforts by the king to extend voting rights to women

2) laws passed by the British Parliament regulating colonial trade

3) limits placed on land ownership by royal governors

4) decisions of British authorities to end immigration to the colonies