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Colonel Denis MussonDPC Direction de la Protection
Civile,Haut-commissariat de la République en Polynésie Française
Dominique ReymondLDG/DASE/CEA :Laboratoire de Geophysique de TahitiDepartement d’Analyse Surveillance
EnvironnementCommissariat a l’Energie Atomique
Consequences of 2 tsunami exercises
in 2005, in French Polynesia : evolution of the tsunami
warning
Tsunami in French Polynesia : generalities
Tsunami warning plan : share of competencies
The different Levels of warningThe basis of warning system
The 2 excercices of 2005
Summary
FrenchPolynesia
South Chili,Mai 1960, M 9.5
Chili,Jul 1995, M 8.0
Peru,Fev. 1996, M 7.5
Alaska,Mars 1964, M 9.2
Aleutian,1 avr 1946, M 8.5
Aléoutian,Mars 1957, M 8.7
Kamchatka,Nov. 1952, M 9.0
The 20th century’s most dangerous tsunami in Polynesia (with amplitudes exceeding 2 m in
French Polynesia)
The Marquesas islands, a vulnerable archipelago : measured heights in Hiva Oa and Nuku Hiva, April 1st
1946
CEA/DASE/LDG
Tsunami field survey ofE. Okal & al.
CEA/DASE/LDG_Tahiti
9 mars 1957 – Oahu - Hawaii1 Avril 1946 – Hilo - Hawaii
Hiva Oa (Marquesas) :
the Chilean tsunami on July 30th 1995 (mag 8.0)
Run-up # 3-4 m
Tonga3 -4 hours Chile - Peru
10 - 11 hours
Aleutian11 hours
Propagation time from main subduction zonesto French Polynesia
Japan, Kuril,Kamchtaka12-13 hours
CPPT : Centre Polynésien de prévention des Tsunamis
He is the represantative of the French Government
He is the authority in charge of the activation of the plan and the relief and emergency coordination.
The activation of the whole, or a part, of the Plan is decided by the High-commissioner on the basis of the observations and recommendations submitted by the LDG.
This Plan must be continued by local communities.
The tsunami warning planThe role of the High-commissioner :
In accordance with the District Code, the mayor is in charge of anticipating, and providing all necessary assistance:
He is in charge of the information of all inhabitants in his district.
Each mayor ensures that population has taken all useful precautions for its security
The tsunami warning plan:the role of the Mayor
Data acquisition
3 components seismic data of a single station
Realtime analysis of seismic databy a PC computer
Location Detection Magnitude, Mo
Warning from a given threshold (mag 7.0)
Seismologist 24h/24h on duty
Warning to Civil Defense
CEA/DASE/LDG
Tremors : Overview of the automatic seismic warning system
TREMORS: Tsunami Risk Estimation through a Real-time System
NZ
E
Magnitude Mm > 8 7 < Mm < 9
Location coming from TONGA any except TONGA
9 hours level 2
6 hours level 3
3 hours level 4 level 4
return to normal level 1 level 1
* Transfer from a level to another is automatic, except on information given by LDG
GREEN level 1 normal situation (wakefulness)YELLOW level 2 central alert (HC + local government)ORANGE level 3 local alert (districts)
RED level 4 general alert (population evacuation)GREEN level 1 return to normal situation,launched on LDG communication
The tsunami warning plan:Alert levels
LEV
EL
3LE
VEL
2LE
VEL
4
HC - DPC
Flow-chart of present warning to populations
The warning could start at any level in function of available delays
LDG
Territorial administrator
TV, radio
Mayor
Populations
Drills
2 exercises were organized in 2005:
1 - to test the tsunami plan about the international airport of Tahiti
2 - to test effective warning to the population in Marquesas islands. 1 valley on 3 islands was evacuated.
the case of the international airport of TahitiThe numerical simulation shows the inundation of technical installations :
- carburant tanks zone,
- part of the tarmac,
- electrical supply installation,
- flying lights and transmissions.
The case of the international airport of Tahiti
If the airport could be out of order, some reflex rules were elaborated about, for example :
- rerouting of the flying planes, sheltering landed planes - protection of technical equipments, engines and installations,- evacuation and security of the public zone,- measures for restarting quickly the airport.
On the other hand, a restructuring of the airport is programmed for economical reasons. The result of numerical simulation will be integrated in the project.
Drill in Marquesas
The usual supports, telephone, fax, local radio station and .. bells, were used.
New other were tested: recorded message by phone and SMS.
There is no siren in these island whose communities are isolated.
The warning chain was tested : LDG, HC-DPC, Territorial administrator, mayor, population.
* The recorded message concerned : local authorities, hotel with tourists, administrations of school, hospital, etc …
* The message in French, Marquesian and English, was recorded in 30 minutes;
* 90 min was necessary for the transmission.
* 38 /40 addresses received this message.
* The weakness of this option: there is nobody in 24h/24h on duty at the French Polynesian telephone service provider
Drill in Marquesastest of new transmission supports
Drill in Marquesastest of new transmission supports (cont.)
* The diffusion of the warning by SMS require 65 minutes to input the message in three languages, and to find the phone references of foreigner tourists.
* In one hour, 44% of the 1145 local cellular phones were contacted, but 0% of the 52 foreigners.
*Furthermore, this system perturbed normal vocal channels.
* Evidently, this interesting possibility is not adapted for a rapid warning.
Drill in MarquesasEvacuations : this exercise was prepared with the communal authorities and the communities : 200 to 1000 inhabitants.But 1h to 1h45 was necessary to evacuate. The real difficulty is to join these isolated communities.
Recently, the French Polynesia was hit by a large swell. Some little atolls of Tuamotu archipelago needed 36 hours for joining them.
Drill
The new tsunami warning systemthe scattering of the communities on 5 million kilometer
square
150 remote controlled sirens by inmarsat C, will be installed in all of the communities on the territory in 2005 to 2007.This network is secured by 2 permanent satellites.The large hotels on lagoon will be equipped too.
The new tsunami warning system
TAHITI
LDGcommuni
ty
DPC
15000 us dollars, battery, solar panels and transceiver included.
This equipment transmit informations about the status of siren and its battery.
this siren network will be tested once/month.
Remote controlled siren
In February 2006, the topic will be to test this siren network and the evacuation of population of the 6 valleys of Hiva Oa(Marquesas).
The next excercise
EndEnd