NOTES FROM THE U. S. BUREAU OF CHEMISTRY.* COLLOIDS IN CANE AND BEET SUGAR MANUFACTURE. I By H. S. Paine, M. S. Badollet, and J. C. Keane. [ABSTRACT. l DATA involving the following criteria and testing methods were obtained in an investigation of the colloids in cane and beet products: Dialysis, ultra-filtration, cataphoresis, gold number. surface tension. Quantitative data were obtained on the quanti- ties of colloids of predominantly emulsoid and suspensoid types in various beet and cane products. The approximate composition of various colloid fractions separated from different factory products was determined. The data obtained have distinct constructive value in connection with efforts to prevent or minimize produc- tion of off-color sugar and to control colloid viscosity effects resulting in slow-boiling, retarded crystallization, etc. NAPHTHALENESULPHONIC ACIDS? VI. SULPHONATION OF NAPHTHALENE IN THE VAPOR PHASE. By J. A. Ambler, D. F. J. Lynch, and H. A. Haller. [ABSTRACT.] A NEW method for sulphonating naphthalene has been devised in the Bureau of Chemistry. Naphthalene vapors are passed up through a cast-iron tower containing quartz stones, through which hot sulphuric acid is descending. Much less sulphuric acid is required and isomeric changes are largely prevented as the reaction product is rapidly removed from the reaction chamber. Another advantage is that the process is continuous. Experiments were conducted at temperatures varying between 220 ° and 245 ° C. Sulphuric acid of 80 to 95 per cent. strength was employed. The reaction product consists essentially of naphthalene--2, 7--disulphonic acid, with some naphthalene--2, 6--disulphonic acid and traces of naphthalene-monosulphonic acid. Analyses show that 78 to 85 per cent. of the disulphonic acids produced by this method is naphthalene--2, 7--disulphonic acid. * Communicated by the Chief of the Bureau. Published in J. Ind. Eng. Chem., x6 (Dee., I924 ) : I252. 2 Published in J. I~ed. Eng. Chem., i6 (Dec., i924) : I264. 267

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Page 1: Colloids in cane and beet sugar manufacture

N O T E S FROM T H E U. S. B U R E A U OF CHEMISTRY.*

C O L L O I D S IN C A N E A N D B E E T S U G A R M A N U F A C T U R E . I

By H. S. Paine, M. S. Badollet , and J. C. Keane.

[ABSTRACT. l

DATA involving the following criteria and testing methods were obtained in an investigation of the colloids in cane and beet products: Dialysis, ultra-filtration, cataphoresis, gold number. surface tension. Quantitative data were obtained on the quanti- ties of colloids of predominantly emulsoid and suspensoid types in various beet and cane products. The approximate composition of various colloid fractions separated from different factory products was determined. The data obtained have distinct constructive value in connection with efforts to prevent or minimize produc- tion of off-color sugar and to control colloid viscosity effects resulting in slow-boiling, retarded crystallization, etc.

N A P H T H A L E N E S U L P H O N I C A C I D S ?

VI. SULPHONATION OF NAPHTHALENE IN THE VAPOR PHASE.

By J. A. Ambler , D. F. J. Lynch, and H. A. Haller .

[ABSTRACT.]

A NEW method for sulphonating naphthalene has been devised in the Bureau of Chemistry. Naphthalene vapors are passed up through a cast-iron tower containing quartz stones, through which hot sulphuric acid is descending. Much less sulphuric acid is required and isomeric changes are largely prevented as the reaction product is rapidly removed from the reaction chamber. Another advantage is that the process is continuous. Experiments were conducted at temperatures varying between 220 ° and 245 ° C. Sulphuric acid of 80 to 95 per cent. strength was employed. The reaction product consists essentially of naphthalene--2, 7--disulphonic acid, with some naphthalene--2, 6--disulphonic acid and traces of naphthalene-monosulphonic acid. Analyses show that 78 to 85 per cent. of the disulphonic acids produced by this method is naphthalene--2, 7--disulphonic acid.

* Communicated by the Chief of the Bureau. Published in J. Ind. Eng. Chem., x6 (Dee., I924 ) : I252.

2 Published in J. I~ed. Eng. Chem., i6 (Dec., i924) : I264.

267