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College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final Updated 2011 1. Press F5 to switch to Slide Show 2. Click your mouse or hit space bar to proceed to next slide

College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

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Page 1: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

College of the CanyonsBiology 107 Practice Lab Final

Updated 2011

1. Press F5 to switch to Slide Show2. Click your mouse or hit space bar to 

proceed to next slide

Page 2: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

Metric Practice

Page 3: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

Prefix Symbol Power Number Equivalent

Giga- G 109 1,000,000,000 Billion

Mega- M 106 1,000,000 Million

kilo- k 103 1,000 Thousand

hecto- h 102 100 Hundred

deka- dk 101 10 Ten

Base Unit 100 1 One

deci- d 10-1 0.1(1/10)

Tenth

centi- c 10-2 0.01(1/100)

Hundredth

milli- m 10-3 0.001(1/1000)

Thousandth

micro- 10-6 0.000001(1/1,000,000)

Millionth

nano- n 10-9 0.000000001(1/1,000,000,000)

Billionth

Metric System Help Sheet

Page 4: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

The metric system is a base 10 system,  that is you can change between units by multiplying and dividing by powers of ten.

For example:1 km = 1000 m = 103 m1 mg =            g = 0.000001 g = 10‐6 g1 L = 100 cL = 102 cL

00000011,,

Page 5: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

Sample Metric Conversion Problems

1 dg = ____ g0.1

4 mL = ____ cL

4 nm = ____ mm

6 m = ____ mm

7 g = ____ kg

3 g = ________ g

6000

0.4 0.007

0.000004 3,000,000

Page 6: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

Looking at Life

Page 7: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

Ocular Lens Objective Lens

Coarse adjustment knob

Fine adjustment 

knobCondenser knob

Name the parts of the microscope

Condenser

Page 8: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

Name this tissue

100X

Bone

Page 9: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

Name this tissue

Complete cross sectionClose up

Ranunculus Root

Page 10: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

Which of these objectives will have the largest working distance? 

The 4X objective (shortest) 

Page 11: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

What is the total magnification when thismicroscope is set as shown? 

4 (objective) x 10 (ocular) = 40X

Page 12: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

Biological Molecules

Page 13: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

A B

What molecule is detected by the Iodine Test?  

TubeA

Which tube is positive for the Iodine test?

–Detects Starch

Page 14: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

What molecule is detected by the Biuret Test?  

Tube A

Which tube is positive for the Biruet test?

–Detects Protein

Page 15: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

A B C

What does the Benedict’s test detect? 

Detects Reducing Sugar 

Which of the tubes below is a strong positive for the Benedict’s test? Tube C

Page 16: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

Spot A Spot B

What does the Sudan test detect? 

Detects lipids

Which spot is positive for the Sudan test?

Spot B

Page 17: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

Enzymes in Action

Page 18: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

On the diagram below, identify:

Substrate

Enzyme

Active site

–active site –substrate–the enzyme

Page 19: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

Complete the following Fermentation Reaction

Sugar + enzymes  CO2 + Ethanol+ ATP+ heat

Page 20: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

LactoseFructose

Yeast Fermentation

Name the glassware

Fermentation Tubes (or J Tubes)

What are the air bubbles made up of?

Carbon Dioxide (C02)

Page 21: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

In the enzyme lab, which enzyme was tested for its abilityto cleave sucrose? 

Enzyme = Sucrase (or Invertase)

Test = Benedict’s 

Which biochemical test was used to determine if this enzyme was working?

Page 22: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

Below are example results where enzyme samples weremixed with different pH buffers.  According to these results, which buffer is optimal for the enzyme?

pH 2  pH 4    pH 6    pH 8

pH 2 (red = most activity)

Page 23: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

Diffusion/Osmosisand

Probing the Cell

Page 24: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

Name these instruments

Centrifuges

Page 25: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

supernatant

green layer of pellet

beige layer of pellet

white layer of pellet

Which organelles are found in the supernatant and colored pellet layers of a centrifuged pea solution?

mitochondria

chloroplasts

nuclei

starch grains

Page 26: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

Which test tube shows the presence of mitochondria?

A B C

Tube B

Page 27: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

Which substance entered the bag by diffusion?Iodine

What did the iodine react with inside the bag?

Starch

Page 28: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

Photosynthesis

Page 29: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

Spectroscope

Name the instrument

Page 30: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

What gas is released by this Elodea plant as it performs photosynthesis?

What solution acts asthe carbon dioxidesource for this Elodeaplant?

Oxygen

Sodium bicarbonate

Page 31: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

What is the function of the copper sulfate solution (blue) in the photosynthesis setup shown below?

Filters out heat from light bulb

Page 32: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

What is this experimental setup used for?

What solvent wasused?

Paper Chromatography

acetone

Page 33: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

How is the Ratio of Fronts (RF value) calculatedfor pigments separated by paper chromatography?

Rf =

= xy=

x (distance of pigment)

y (distance of solvent)

Page 34: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

Spectrophotometer

Name the instrument

What does it measure?

Absorbance andTransmittance of light

Page 35: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

The absorption spectrum for chlorophyll is shown below.According to this chart, what colors of light areabsorbed by green plants?

Predominantlyblue/violet and red

Page 36: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

DNA Extraction LabFrom Fruit Fly & Onion 

Page 37: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

Identify this organism and the tissue that you dissected from it.

Fruit fly (Drosophila) larvaeSalivary glands

Page 38: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

What is this structure?

Drosophila polytene chromosome

Page 39: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

What reagent was added to the onion DNA tube to make the DNA precipitate (turn solid) ?

Cold 95% Ethanol

Page 40: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

Micropipetting/Electrophoresis

Page 41: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

What is the substance that gels are made of?

Agarose

Page 42: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

wells

The gel below shows DNA cut by the restrictionenzyme EcoRI.  How many times did EcoRI cutthe DNA sample in Lane 2?  

Lane 4 = 3 cuts

Lane 2 = 0 cuts

–In Lane 4?

Page 43: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

Electrophoresis Setup

Power unit Gelbox

Name each piece of equipment:

Page 44: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

What is the name of this instrument?

micropipette

Page 45: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

If this is a p200 micropipette, what volume is it set to?

50 microliters (ul)

Page 46: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

Bacterial Transformation  andProtein Purification Lab

Page 47: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

What is the function of the three genes found on thepGLO plasmid?

AraC:

GFP:

AmpR =resistance to ampicillin (selection marker)

activates GFP. Activated by arabinose

green fluorescent protein

Page 48: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

What two treatments are needed to get bacteria to absorb plasmid DNA (aka transformation)?

1. Incubate in cold CaCl2

2. Heat shock at 420C

Page 49: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

What is the transformation efficiency for the   P+ plate shown below if 2 ug of DNA were used in the transformation experiment?

TE = 37 colonies2ug DNA

Page 50: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

What is the name for this column?

What is the name of this protein?

What type of light makesthese colonies “glow”?

Hydrophobic interaction column

Ultra violet

GFP, green fluorescent protein

Page 51: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

Embryology

Page 52: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

Name the layers

1

2

3

Mesoderm

Endoderm

Ectoderm

Page 53: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

Name the developmental stage

Early Cleavage

100X

Page 54: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

Name the developmental stageLate Cleavage

100X

Name the developmental stageBlastula

Page 55: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

Name the developmental stage

Unfertilized Egg

200X

Page 56: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

Name this developmental stage

100X

Gastrula

Name this structure

Archenteron

Page 57: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

Name this organism

24‐33 hr Chicken Embryo 

Page 58: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

Pig Anatomy & Histology

Page 59: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

Oral CavityName the following structures:

Hard PalateSoft Palate

Epiglottis

Page 60: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

Abdominal Cavity

Name the organs:

Liver

Gallbladder Stomach

Spleen

Small Intestine

Page 61: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

Female Urogenital Tract

Ovary

Uterine Horns

Uterus/Vagina

Bladder

Name the following organs:

Page 62: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

Male Urogenital Tract

Name the organs:

Bladder

Penis

Epididymis

Scrotum

Teste

Page 63: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

Thoracic CavityName the organs:

Larynx

Carotid Arteries Jugular Veins

Thyroid

Page 64: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

Heart

Pulmonary Trunk

Atrium

Ventricle

Inferior Vena Cava

Name the organs:

Page 65: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

HISTOLOGY

Page 66: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

What tissue is this?Stomach

Page 67: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

What tissue is this?

Smooth Muscle

Page 68: College of the Canyons Biology 107 Practice Lab Final

What tissue is this?Frog Skin