Cold WarCold War

1945-19911945-1991

A power struggle A power struggle between the United between the United States and the Soviet States and the Soviet Union.Union.

Cold WarCold War

Begins with the end of Begins with the end of World War II.World War II.

Ends with the break up Ends with the break up of the Soviet Union.of the Soviet Union.

Cold WarCold War

Completely different Completely different philosophies and philosophies and ideologies bring about ideologies bring about 46 years of struggle.46 years of struggle.

Cold War: 1945-1991Cold War: 1945-1991

Power struggle between Power struggle between the US and the USSR.the US and the USSR.

Never shot directly at Never shot directly at each other.each other.

Nuclear Arms Race.Nuclear Arms Race.

Union of Soviet Union of Soviet Socialist RepublicsSocialist Republics

Totalitarian StateTotalitarian StateExpansionist policy/ Expansionist policy/

Revolution.Revolution.Satellite Nations of Satellite Nations of

Eastern Europe.Eastern Europe.

Iron CurtainIron Curtain

Closed border between Closed border between the Free West and the the Free West and the Communist East.Communist East.

Stettin in the Baltic, Stettin in the Baltic, Trieste in the Adriatic.Trieste in the Adriatic.

Iron CurtainIron Curtain

Term was coined by Term was coined by Winston Churchill.Winston Churchill.

Designed to keep people Designed to keep people in rather than to keep in rather than to keep people out.people out.

US Cold War PoliciesUS Cold War Policies

Containment:Containment:–Stop the spread of Stop the spread of Communism.Communism.

–Not trying to undo Not trying to undo Communism where it Communism where it already exists.already exists.

Self DeterminationSelf Determination

Right of a people to choose Right of a people to choose their own form of their own form of government in free government in free elections.elections.

Main US Cold War PolicyMain US Cold War Policy

US Cold War PoliciesUS Cold War Policies

Truman Doctrine:Truman Doctrine:–We will aid any country We will aid any country who resists being who resists being conquered by the conquered by the Communists.Communists.

–Greece, TurkeyGreece, Turkey

US Cold War PoliciesUS Cold War Policies

Marshall Plan:Marshall Plan:–Giving economic aid to Giving economic aid to European countries to help European countries to help them rebuild from the war.them rebuild from the war.

–Communism only appeals Communism only appeals to very poor people.to very poor people.

US Cold War PoliciesUS Cold War Policies

US Government and US Government and military are completely military are completely reorganized to fight the reorganized to fight the Communist threat.Communist threat.

National Security National Security Council.Council.

United Nations 1945United Nations 1945

International International Organization to promote Organization to promote peace and to raise the peace and to raise the standard of living of standard of living of people, and promote people, and promote human rights.human rights.

United NationsUnited Nations

Charter was written in Charter was written in San Francisco.San Francisco.

New York City is New York City is Headquarters of UN.Headquarters of UN.

All members have one All members have one vote.vote.

United NationsUnited Nations

Replaced the League of Replaced the League of Nations.Nations.

US was involved this US was involved this time.time.

Security CouncilSecurity Council

15 members15 members 5 perm. Members5 perm. MembersUS, USSR, France, GB, US, USSR, France, GB,

ChinaChinaVeto powerVeto power

Cold War EventsCold War Events

Berlin Airlift:Berlin Airlift:– June 20, 1948 East Germany June 20, 1948 East Germany cuts off access to West cuts off access to West Berlin from West Germany. Berlin from West Germany. All supplies had to be flown All supplies had to be flown in.in.

–Lifted in Early 1949.Lifted in Early 1949.

Berlin AirliftBerlin Airlift

60 B-52’s moved into 60 B-52’s moved into Europe with Atomic Europe with Atomic Cargo.Cargo.

Containment is Containment is considered to have been considered to have been successful.successful.

Cold War EventsCold War Events

Chinese Civil War:Chinese Civil War:–Started in 1926 and was Started in 1926 and was interrupted by Japanese interrupted by Japanese invasion of 1931. Ended invasion of 1931. Ended in 1949 with the in 1949 with the Communists in control.Communists in control.

Chinese Civil WarChinese Civil War

Chiang Kai-Shek:Chiang Kai-Shek:–Leader of the Nationalists Leader of the Nationalists movement.movement.

–Not popular with Chinese Not popular with Chinese Peasants.Peasants.

–Supported by US.Supported by US.

Chinese Civil WarChinese Civil War

Mao Tse-TungMao Tse-Tung–Leader of the Communists.Leader of the Communists.–Loved by the Peasants.Loved by the Peasants.–Supported by USSR.Supported by USSR.–People’s Republic of ChinaPeople’s Republic of China

Korean WarKorean War

Korea was divided at the 38Korea was divided at the 38thth parallel following World War II.parallel following World War II.

USSR made North Korea into USSR made North Korea into a Communist country.a Communist country.

USA made South Korea a USA made South Korea a democracy.democracy.

Korean WarKorean War

North Korea invaded June North Korea invaded June 25, 1950 and swiftly 25, 1950 and swiftly gained the upper hand.gained the upper hand.

US troops were brought US troops were brought in Japan to reinforce in Japan to reinforce those already in Korea.those already in Korea.

Douglas MacArthurDouglas MacArthur

Was in charge of the Was in charge of the Occupation of Japan.Occupation of Japan.

Given US command in Korea.Given US command in Korea.Landed at Inchon and Landed at Inchon and

reversed the direction of the reversed the direction of the war.war.

Douglas MacArthurDouglas MacArthur

Invaded North Korea and got Invaded North Korea and got to the Yalu River.to the Yalu River.

The People’s Republic of The People’s Republic of China threw one million China threw one million troops into the war.troops into the war.

Pushed back to the 38Pushed back to the 38thth parallel.parallel.

Douglas MacArthurDouglas MacArthur

Relieved of his Relieved of his command by President command by President Truman for Truman for insubordination.insubordination.

Returned home to a Returned home to a hero’s welcome.hero’s welcome.

Atomic ThreatAtomic Threat

With Peace talks stalled With Peace talks stalled President Eisenhower President Eisenhower uses the threat of uses the threat of Atomic strikes to get Atomic strikes to get them going.them going.

Peace with HonorPeace with Honor

Dwight Eisenhower Dwight Eisenhower elected President in 1952.elected President in 1952.

Visited Korea during his Visited Korea during his campaign.campaign.

War ended where it began War ended where it began at the 38at the 38thth Parallel. Parallel.

HUAC

House Un-American House Un-American Activities Committee.Activities Committee.

HUAC

Created in 1938 to investigate Created in 1938 to investigate Nazis, Fascists and communists.Nazis, Fascists and communists.

1947 investigation of Hollywood 1947 investigation of Hollywood Ten the most famous.Ten the most famous.– Freedom of speech take a hitFreedom of speech take a hit– Blacklists ruin many by accusationsBlacklists ruin many by accusations

McCarthyismMcCarthyism

Joseph McCarthy.Joseph McCarthy.Senator from Wisconsin.Senator from Wisconsin.Communist Hunter.Communist Hunter.Rode a wave of Rode a wave of

Communist Mania to Communist Mania to national prominence.national prominence.

McCarthyismMcCarthyism

Officially condemned by Officially condemned by the Senate in 1954.the Senate in 1954.

Made many accusations Made many accusations but never proved any.but never proved any.

Red Scare subsided.Red Scare subsided.

Red Scare SummationRed Scare Summation

Spies and threats existed and had infiltrated the government.

Threats to Civil Rights and Civil Liberties were equally dangerous.

Security or Liberty?

BrinksmanshipBrinksmanship

The art of taking us to The art of taking us to the edge of war with the the edge of war with the Soviets without going all Soviets without going all the way to war.the way to war.

U-2 IncidentU-2 Incident

U-2 were high altitude U-2 were high altitude planes used to spy on planes used to spy on the Soviet Union. They the Soviet Union. They preceded satellites.preceded satellites.

U-2 IncidentU-2 Incident

President Eisenhower said President Eisenhower said we were not invading we were not invading Soviet Air space. The Soviet Air space. The Francis Gary Powers was Francis Gary Powers was shot down, and Captured.shot down, and Captured.

May 1960May 1960

Nuclear Arms RaceNuclear Arms Race

Both the US and USSR Both the US and USSR are busy building the are busy building the best and most best and most sophisticated weapons, sophisticated weapons, and stock piling them in and stock piling them in huge quantities.huge quantities.

SputnikSputnik

Soviet Satellite that was Soviet Satellite that was launched in 1957. launched in 1957.

Circled the Earth 15 times Circled the Earth 15 times per day.per day.

Soviet Missile Technology Soviet Missile Technology ahead of ours.ahead of ours.

Massive RetaliationMassive Retaliation

Eisenhower’s Policy of Eisenhower’s Policy of relying on Nuclear relying on Nuclear Weapons instead of the Weapons instead of the more expensive more expensive conventional armies.conventional armies.

Massive RetaliationMassive Retaliation

If we or any of our allies If we or any of our allies are invaded we will are invaded we will respond with Nuclear respond with Nuclear Weapons.Weapons.

““We will hit them with We will hit them with everything in the bucket.”everything in the bucket.”

Mutual Assured Mutual Assured DestructionDestruction

Due to technology we nor Due to technology we nor the Soviets are able to hit the Soviets are able to hit the other side with Nukes the other side with Nukes and catch theirs in the and catch theirs in the ground.ground.

No Surviving a nuclear No Surviving a nuclear war.war.

ICBM’sICBM’s

Used to deliver nuclear Used to deliver nuclear war heads.war heads.

Much faster than planes.Much faster than planes.Land, air, water.Land, air, water.

Nuclear WinterNuclear Winter

Best scientific guess as Best scientific guess as to what would happen in to what would happen in the event of a nuclear the event of a nuclear war with the Soviets.war with the Soviets.

18 months18 monthsRadioactivityRadioactivity

Baby BoomBaby Boom

Started in the mid 1940’s.Started in the mid 1940’s.Men returning from the Men returning from the

war.war.Economy booming.Economy booming.Birth rate had fallen Birth rate had fallen

drastically during the drastically during the Depression.Depression.

Baby BoomBaby Boom

Continued through the Continued through the 1950’s.1950’s.

Baby boomers are now Baby boomers are now reaching retirement age.reaching retirement age.

NASANASA

National Aeronautical National Aeronautical Space Administration.Space Administration.

Created in 1958 by the Created in 1958 by the US Govt.US Govt.

Agency in charge of Agency in charge of space exploration.space exploration.

National Defense Education National Defense Education ActAct

Designed to improve Math Designed to improve Math and Science instruction in and Science instruction in schools.schools.

Sputnik caused this to Sputnik caused this to happen.happen.

We feared being behind the We feared being behind the Soviets.Soviets.

Military Industrial Military Industrial ComplexComplex

Arms and weapons Arms and weapons manufacturing firms, and manufacturing firms, and the Military leadership.the Military leadership.

Became immensely Became immensely powerful and rich during powerful and rich during the Cold War.the Cold War.

Military Industrial Military Industrial ComplexComplex

Eisenhower warned that Eisenhower warned that the country must be the country must be aware of the huge aware of the huge amount of power amount of power wielded by the MIC.wielded by the MIC.