Cognitive Radio & The Whitespace Revolution

A New Zealand Perspective

Sponsored in part by

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Waikato Region: Population 416,000Density: 1-4000 per sq km

Wikimedia Commons ImageUser: Vardion

<11510501002505007501000200030004000

|---- 20km ----|

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Lower Population Density Higher

Cost

/Com

plex

ity

Fibre

Wireless

Satellite

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Waikato Region: Population 416,000Density: 1-4000 per sq km

Wikimedia Commons ImageUser: Vardion

<11510501002505007501000200030004000

|---- 20km ----|

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Summary:Terrestrial broadbandonly economic for<50 people / km2

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Image Credit: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Dschwen

New Zealand invests $300M in Rural Broadband 2011-2016

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45,000 households in New Zealandare still economically excluded.

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What can we do to make broadband more economic for <50 people / km2 ?

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Radio Spectrum

Electromagnetic Spectrum10Wednesday, 27 February 13

Not All Spectrum is EqualFr

eque

ncy

2.4GHz: Wi-Fi2.1GHz: 3G1.8GHz: 2G & LTE900MHz: 3G700MHz: LTE500-700MHz: UHF Television100MHz: Radio

Grea

ter P

enet

ratio

n

Ante

nna S

ize

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Radio Licensing

Regional

National Link

Area12Wednesday, 27 February 13

Rural Fixed Wireless Coverage 201713Wednesday, 27 February 13

We’re doing it wrong.

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The Electrospace Model* of Radio Spectrum Reflects The Reality of Modern Radio Applications.

See Matheson (2011)“The Technical Basis for Spectrum Rights:

Policies to Enhance Market Efficiency”

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Electrospace

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Where & when there’s no signal in an Electrospace, we have Whitespace.

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UHF TV Coverage AreaWhitespace

Whitespace: A Simple Example18Wednesday, 27 February 13

Typical TV Broadcast Configuration

Tower A:Ch: 1,3,5,7,9

Tower B:Ch: 2,4,6,8,10

TVWS:2,4,6,8,10

TVWS:1,3,5,7,9 TVWS:

ALL

X Y Z

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How does this look to aSpectrum Analyser?

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Wellington, New Zealand UHF Broadcast Spectrum, 30-08-11

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Wellington, New Zealand UHF Broadcast Spectrum, 30-08-11

W

21Wednesday, 27 February 13

Wellington, New Zealand UHF Broadcast Spectrum, 30-08-11

W HI

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Wellington, New Zealand UHF Broadcast Spectrum, 30-08-11

W HI T E S P A C

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Wellington, New Zealand UHF Broadcast Spectrum, 30-08-11

W HI T E S P A C E

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Wellington’s Not SpecialIt’s Like That Everywhere

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Why are we not using Whitespace right now?

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How can we use whitespace without breaking existing services?

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How can we use whitespace without breaking existing services?

Cognitive Radio

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Cognitive RadioAwareAdaptsSensesInteracts

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And it’s real.

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IEEE 802.22 is the first Wireless Regional Area Networking standard.

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IEEE 802.22 delivers fixed wireless broadband using Cognitive Radio in TV Whitespace Spectrum

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IEEE 802.22Protects Primary Users

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IEEE 802.22Protects Primary Users

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IEEE 802.22Protects Primary UsersUsing Geolocation & Spectrum Databases

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IEEE 802.22Protects Primary Users

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IEEE 802.22Protects Primary UsersUsing Geolocation & Spectrum Databases

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IEEE 802.22Protects Primary UsersUsing Geolocation & Spectrum DatabasesAnd Spectrum Sensing

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So how doesIEEE 802.22compare?

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802.22 Channel Size: 6MHz

0

10

20

30

40

802.11 802.16 802.22 WCDMA LTE

MHz

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802.22 Spectral Efficiency

0

5

10

15

20

802.11g 802.16 802.22 WCDMA LTE

bits p

er Hz

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Spectrum Availability

0

75

150

225

300

TVWS 700MHz 900MHz 1800MHz 2100MHz 2.4GHz

MHz

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What AboutIn Real Life?

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Wi-Fi vs TVWS Community Studies

Three Rural New Zealand CommunitiesModeled with Awe WinProp at 25MSame Emitted Power for Both Technologies

(4 Watts EIRP)Like for Like Subscriber Antenna Sizes

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Parikino, Whanganui River Valley

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Parikino AreaWhanganui River Valley

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Parikino on Wi-Fi: 18 Houses Ok41Wednesday, 27 February 13

Parikino on TVWS: 28 Houses Ok42Wednesday, 27 February 13

Cognitive Radio inTV Whitespace

Has Real Potentialfor Rural Broadband

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It changes the economics of rural wireless

TVWS

2 pax / km2

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Trials are on inSingapore, UK, US. Expect hardware in

2-3 years

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Paper available:

http://tinyurl.com/bph5amfor

https://internetnz.net.nz/system/files/pages/2012/telco2_whitespace_study_community_examples_final.pdf

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Thank You!

Sponsored in part by

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