Cognitive Psychology

Unit 3

Comparing PerspectivesBehavioral Psych Cognitive Psych

Behaviors Knowledge

Reinforcement strengthens behavior

Reinforcement is a source of feedback

Learners respond to environmental stimuli

Learners are active

Study done on animals

Study done on animals and people

What is Cognitive Psychology Definition

Key Figures

Basic Assumptions

Definition Cognitive Approach

Approach that attempts to understand us from the point of view of our information processes (cognitions) and how they influence our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

Key Figures and Contributions Wilhelm Wundt

Founded Structuralism and Introspection Structuralism was the root of modern cognitive psychology Introspection-process of observing one’s own mental

processes Jean Piaget-

Introduced Theory of Cognitive Development Albert Bandura

Theories of observational learning and Social Learning theory

Julian Rotter Theories of Social Learning theory and Locus of Control

Lesson Closing Get Sheet of paper on Cognitive

Psychology from back of room Task #1:

Write 3 Things that are important to know about Cognitive Psychology:

Write one way in which cognitive psychology is different from either behavioral or psychodynamic perspective

Bell Work Come in and get reading right away After 15 Minutes; Get notes outline ready

for notes!

Basic Assumptions Cognitive psychology is a pure science, based mainly on

laboratory experiments.

Behavior can be largely explained in terms of how the mind operates (Information Processing)

The mind works in a way similar to a computer: inputting, storing and retrieving data.

Mediational processes occur between stimulus and response. Also called cognitions and Information Processing

Key Concepts Cognitive Development Observational/Social Learning Locus of Control Reciprocal Determinism Multiple Intelligences http://psych.hanover.edu/JavaTest/CLE/Cognition/Cognition/shapeResp_in

structions.html

Locus of Control Internal

Control over future events/outcomes relies primarily on self

Believes success/failures in one’s own hands

External Control over future

events/outcomes is outside of self. Either in hands of powerful people, or in fate/chance

Believes success/failures in other’s hands

Examples: Grades in School It doesn’t matter how

hard I study; the teacher doesn’t like me. External

The harder I study the better grades I will get. Internal

That play didn’t work because I missed my assignment Internal

That play didn’t work b/c our coach called a dumb call External

Concepts

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wTNQiYJxrWg

Reciprocal Determinism Theory that a person's behavior both

influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment.

Behavior is controlled by person through thinking and by the environment through external social stimulus events.

Child-Acting Out in School Example

Reciprocal Determinism Example

Child Hates School Misbehavior

School / teacher dislikes child

Doesn’t Want to be there

Poor environment for teachers / other students

Methods used to stop misbehavior Constant

Battle

Concepts

Multiple Intelligences Developed by Howard Gardner in 1983. Suggests that intelligence cannot be

defined by a simple number (31 on ACT) People have capacity to solve problems

and demonstrate intelligence in many ways, not just with numbers/words

8 Multiple intelligences 1. Verbal-Linguistic: abilities to use vocabulary, do verbal analysis,

understand metaphors, and comprehend and produce complex verbal material 2. Logical-Mathematical: involves numbers and computing skills, recognizing

patterns and relationships, timelines, ability to solve different kinds of problems through logic

3. Visual-Spatial: involves visual perception of the environment, ability to create and manipulate mental images, and the orientation of the body in space

4. Bodily-Kinesthetic: physical coordination and dexterity, using fine and gross motor skills, and expressing oneself or learning through physical activities

5. Musical-Rhythmic: understanding and expressing onself through music and rhythmic movements or dance, or composing, playing, or conducting music

6. Naturalistic: understanding the natural world of plants and animals 7. Interpersonal: understanding how to communicate with and understand

other people and how to work collaboratively 8. Intrapersonal: understanding one's inner world of emotions and thoughts,

and growing in the ability to control them and work them consciously

Concepts

Cognitive Development Theory of construction of thought processes,

(remembering, problem solving, and decision-making) forming from childhood through adolescence to adulthood.

4 Stages Sensorimotor- motor skills Pre-Operational- symbols Concrete Operational- Logical and systematic observation Formal Operational- symbols and relation to abstract

concepts

Key Concepts

Albert Bandura Observational Learning Social Learning Theory

Same thing occurs when an observer's behavior changes

after viewing the behavior of a model. An observer's behavior can be affected by the

positive or negative consequences they observe

Key Concepts

Lesson Closing Task #2

Read Article on Cognitive Psychology http://psychology.about.com/od/developmentalps

ychology/a/sociallearning.htm?p=1 Give me 3 Important things about Social Learning

Theory What are the 3 main points of the article?

They will be listed

Bell Work

Concepts Mediational Processes Information Processes

(Cognitions) Computer Analogy Introspection Schema Machine Reductionism

Cognitions Memory Perception Attention Language Thinking

Mediational Processes Big 5 Cognitions Another name for information processes or

cognitions Called mediational because they come between

the stimulus and the response

Information Processes Name used to describe our cognitions These cognitions help people make

appropriate behavior responses to their world Perception Attention Language Memory Thinking

Computer Analogy Shows from cognitive theory why we think, feel,

and behave as we do. Input is what our senses pick up about stimuli in

the world. It is then processed using the 5 cognitions into a

response Output is that response that comes after the input

and processing of the stimuli by the 5 cognitions Input to Processor to Output Stimulus to Mediational Process to Response

Thinking Ability to problem solve and use “whole-

brain process.”

Information Processes

Perception Active Information process. Allows us to organize, interpret, and act on

outside stimuli People may sense the same stimulus but their past

experiences (perceptions) will often result in a different behavior

Example? Seeing a young gentleman walk by

1 girl likes him Another disagrees; recently part of domestic violence so her

experiences have changed her outlook towards men

Information Processes

Attention Cognitive ability to attend to one thing at

one time (focused) or all things at all times (divided)

Information Processes

Language Our ability to communicate

Verbal language, retention, and comprehension Poor Readers Example?

Information Processes

Memory Helps us to organize, store, retrieve, and

recognize information from the world Input to memory is called encoding Output of memory (usage) called decoding

Information Processes

IntrospectionIntrospection Self-observation and reporting of

conscious inner thoughts, desires and sensations. Important to Cognitive Therapies because it

helps the person look into their own behaviors and see their true causes/outcomes

Concepts

SchemaSchema Mental structure that represents some

aspect of the world used to organize current knowledge and provide a framework for future understanding Important in Big 5 Cognitions and to how we

respond to certain stimulus in the environment. This is what helps you develop stereo-types,

social roles, and world-views

Concepts

Machine ReductionismMachine Reductionism Breaking down of a complex

concept/idea into smaller components to help understanding Important to Cognitive Psychology b/c they break

down Cognitions into 5 main themes to help understand…. Then they also break down those five cognitions

http://psych.hanover.edu/JavaTest/CLE/Cognition/Cognition/shapeResp_instructions.html

Concepts