Cognitive Computing WHITEPAPER - ICORating › upload › whitepaper › Jy4llA6MSgZvieBvW4W8... · I Cognitive Security I Zero Protocol Cost I No Miners I I Growing Ecosystem I Open

Version 1.18

DISCLAIMERThis Helix Whitepaper is for information purposes only. In particular, the Roadmap section is subject to change due to nature of a compa-nyʼs dynamic evolvement and development stages. The information set forth below may not be exhaustive and does not imply any elements of a contractual relationship. This Whitepaper does not constitute a prospectus or off er document of any sort and is not intended to cons-titute an off er of securities or a solicitation for investment in secu-rities in any jurisdiction. Helix will publicly release its Whitepaper in July 2018, which will contain substantial technical, business, and legal information. Upon receipt of this version of the Helix Whitepaper, all versions bearing a lower version number or an earlier date of issue and having been supplied prior to this document become void. For ad-ditional inquiries, please contact Helix Cognitive Computing GmbH via eMail: [email protected]

July 20184

WHITEPAPERCognitive Computing

5 .4 Genesis

2 3

2 4

5 .5 Token Allocation 2 4

5 .6 Initial Coin Offering 2 6

5 .7 Purchasing Process 2 75 .8 Use of Proceeds 2 7

CONTENTS

J u l y _ 2 0 1 8

Executive Summary

ReferencesAcronyms

Key Terminology

Legal Note and Risk Analysis

1 .1

2 .1

3 .13 .2

4.1

5 .1

1 .21 .3

2 .2

3 .43 .53 .6

4.2

4.4

5 .2

5 .3

Introduction

Current Situation

Helix Solution

Helix Group

Helix Token Economics

Ideology, Mission, Business, Journey, Wetware

Challenges

Tangle Evolution

Evolution of Distributed Ledger Technologies

Structure

The Age of a New Economy

Helix at a Glance, Competitive Advantage, Cognitive Security, Ethical Statement

Main Components of the HelixSphere

Distributed Ledger Technologies, Next Generation DLT 3.0

HelixEcosystem and Use Cases

Emerging Business Models

Quick Starter Guide to use DLT

Team Members

Organization

Introducing HLX

Value Drivers

0 1

0 4

0 7

0 8

1 0

1 3

2 2

0 2

0 3

0 5

1 1

1 2

1 5

1 8

2 2

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

Roadmap6.0

4.3 Advisory Board 1 7

3 .3 Technical Implementation 0 9

Appendix

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

J u l y _ 2 0 1 8

Each user and their expertise will contribute to the worldʼs fi rst inclusion of Artifi cial Intelligen-ce (AI) in next generation DLTs. Helix will use a combination of supervised and unsupervised, self-sustained, continuous machine-learning to mimic the human brainʼs cognitive skills in order to transparently monitor transaction integrity. The consensus protocols and cognitive securi-ty modules will provide individuals with explicit control over their data at all times.

There will be virtually no cost to use the Helix-Tangle protocol. Dedicated to humanity, the net-work is feeless, free to use and aims to apply post-quantum encryption, providing the means to shift existing political and economic power structures at all levels of industry and society. The protocol does not need intermediaries like Miners, and therefore does not needlessly waste energy resources and/or money.

The fi rst use case, a bio marketplace called BEAMS, as well as an easy-to-use wallet and a Graphical User Interface for smart contracts, lay the foundation for wide adoption and a vibrant ecosystem based on the Open Source Helix-Tangle.

I 3rd generation DLT Tangle I Fully Decentralized I

I Infi nite Scalability I High Performance Transactions I

I No Central Authorities I Artifi cial Intelligence I

I Cognitive Security I Zero Protocol Cost I No Miners I

I Growing Ecosystem I Open Source I

Extensive Technical Paper available upon request

HelixTangle USPs

Founded in 2017, Helix Cognitive Computing GmbH is a Berlin-based technology compa-ny that is dedicated towards developing and creating a sustainable digital ecosystem that interconnects Everyone and Everything; without intermediaries or central authorities, and at vir-tually no cost.

The two drivers that inspired the creation of Helix are the limitations of existing Blockchain platforms and the market need for fully scalable Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLTs). Helix uses the innovative DLT Tangle ‒ an evolution of Blockchain technology, to create a set of tools that enable easy app creation for any commer-cial vertical that wants to implement DLT into their services.

The HelixTangle is the product of innovating on the idea of a blockless and chainless solution to the world of Distributed Ledger Technologies, fi rst introduced by the Tangle [1] methodology.

In contrast to existing Blockchain platforms, the HelixTangle scales infi nitely and increases the speed of transaction confi rmation while it grows, allowing for massive adoption and real-world solutions including the Machine Economy and Internet of Everything (IoE).

Unlike todayʼs other Tangle-oriented protocols, the HelixTangle plans to be fully distributed and genuinely decentralized. Instead of putting trust into a proprietary central authority, transactions in the HelixTangle will be considered valid based on the networkʻs global participation in achie-ving consensus.

Copyright © 2018 HELIX Cognitive Computing GmbH. All rights reserved. ‒ Version 1.18 ‒ 04.07.2018.

Figure 1. Helix Platform Layers

The Journey is the RewardHelix focuses on easy accessibility, intuitive usa-bility, system effi ciency and the highest stan-dard of security measures. It provides a Distri-buted Ledger that requires very little technical expertise nor delays commercial production by old-fashioned authentication processes. As a common payment method or trading currency, Helix can invigorate old workfl ows, and elimina-te extraneous costs, which are typically felt by both producers and consumers.

BusinessFrom a business point of view, Helix will incuba-te entirely new business models that combine the new machine and IoT economy with existing models. Furthermore, traditional businesses de-pending on third parties and intermediaries can be radically re-engineered through the use of the HelixTangle.

Wetware/Long-term VisionHelixʼ long-term ambitions go even further: We aim to replace the traditional digital storage used by todayʼs networks with breakthrough in-ventions from synthetic biology research, inclu-ding a DNA-based molecular storage system called HelixWetware.

The exciting prospect of encoding digital data into DNA (wetware), has shown that just a few grams of synthetic DNA could potentially re-cord every bit of data ever recorded in human history. With the aim of connecting Everyone and Everything “fl uidly” by encoding digital data into DNA (wetware), Helixʼ far-reaching ambition is to support scientists and developers in their mission to build high-density, scalable, molecu-lar data storage systems.

At an immediately tangible level, Helix aims to support the typical consumer by helping each and every one to protect their personal data, which has been under threat by companies that centralize and/or commercialize their userʼs data and other information. To combat these exploitative practices, Helix plans to safeguard human personal data by providing ideal mole-cular storage systems for everyone.

MissionFrom an ideological point of view, Helix will ne-gate the need for involvement of central authori-ties by creating consensus amongst participants. Helix is in eff ect redesigning democracy through its peer-to-peer (P2P) network, which enables participants to manage their own data as they see fi t. Our mission is to shift the power back to the people, reinforcing everyoneʼs confi dence in each other, rather than forcing individuals to trust a central administrator.

1.1 Ideology

In the modern world, everything is regulated and restricted by central authorities. Almost anything that needs to be verifi ed by such an institution is accompanied with exorbitantly high fees. Helix is driven by the ideology of creating a fully de-centralized platform that eliminates the need for central authorities and third-party intermediariesat no cost.

1.0 INTRODUCTION

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Helix will enable the worldʼs fi rst fully decentralized, distri-

buted peer-to-peer network with entirely new technologi-

cal approaches by introducing the HelixTangle and imple-

menting cognitively secured nodes.

p a g e _ 1 / 2 8Copyright © 2018 HELIX Cognitive Computing GmbH. All rights reserved. ‒ Version 1.18 ‒ 04.07.2018.

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1.2 Helix at a Glance

By using a “blockless and chainless”, [2] next-generation peer-to-peer digital exchange network, called the HelixTangle, and a Cognitive Cryptocurrency ‒ HLX, the company plans to en-gage and help shift existing economic and politi-cal power structures across all levels of industry and society.

Importantly, both Helix and its non-profi t arm, the HelixFoundation, fully endorse and adhere to an Open Source development policy [3]. Motivated by this commitment, Helix will provide core technological products to individuals, insti-tutions, companies, and developers for free.

Inspired by the slogan, “Simplicity is the Ultimate Sophistication”, Helix aspires to completely re-defi ne user engagement in the crypto communi-ty. Unlike other platforms, the HelixPlatform will support an intuitive graphical user interface as well as scripting languages, which individu-als can use to defi ne smart contracts, smart et-hics and exercise advanced policy controls over their data. Thus, Helix plans to create an equita-ble, P2P digital environment for individuals and businesses to connect and exchange value.

Competitive AdvantageThe HelixPlatformʼs key competitive advantage over existing Blockchain platforms is that it uses the more advanced Tangle technology. The He-lixPlatform will immediately convince the market by bringing down the cost of crypto deploy-ment across the board, regardless of which application or vertical the app creator is addres-sing. The HelixPlatform is cheaper than existing authentication platforms as it removes central authentication layers and replaces it with a ro-bust DLT, implying that authentication is mana-ged by the entire network on the HelixTangle.

Cognitive SecurityRegarding security, Helix is working on the fi rst transaction ledger monitored by Cognitive Secu-rity. Data needs to be immutable, and Helix is developing a cognitive security engine to main-tain the integrity of data interpretation.

With data security being the key order of the day in 2018 and 2019, the fraud-resistant HelixPlat-form will facilitate natively secure distributed app development.

Ethical StatementData is becoming the most critical resource of the 21st century [4]. This is leading to a funda-mental change in how data is viewed, managed and disseminated within organizations and the public sphere. The world is also moving towards a phase where non-sentient entities are creating and propagating data (Internet of Things ‒ IoT),thereby increasing the demand to engage in ethical discussions as to what counts as data, what itʼs value is, and how it should be managed at all levels of industry and society.

Helix promotes the creation and development of new

technological Applications, Business Models and

Social Capital.


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1.3 Main Components of the HelixSphere

HelixEcosystem All systems, users, community associated with the HelixTangle

HelixTangle Helixʼ initiated P2P network protocol (a next-generation internet)

HelixPlatform The place for developers and community to interact with the HelixTangle

HelixWallet Interface to manage participation in the HelixEcosystem

HelixVirtualMachine Provides secure access to the computing power of the HelixTangle

HelixComposer Toolkit to build your own dApps (decentralized use cases)

HelixWetware Helixʼ future initiative for a DNA-based molecular storage system

HelixFoundation Non-Profi t arm of Helix to foster HelixEcosystem and R&D

HelixCognitiveComputing Commercial legal entity of HelixGroup

HLX Helix Cognitive Cryptocurrency

BEAMS A bio marketplace powered by the HelixTangle


2.0 CURRENT SITUATION

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2.1 Challenges

As the crypto community continues to grow and expand, businesses with unique use cases will appear more frequently, and traditional com-panies will encounter problems as fast-paced technology will bring about many changes. The awareness of these companies towards decen-tralized systems needs to change. Established corporations still think in a very classical way: “Never change a running system”. The aim here is to bring about a shift in mindset, by providing an effi cient and secure alternative to exisiting centralized systems.

The HelixTangle wants to move far away from conventional methods ‒ even for companies that are in the midst of digitalization. Most organisa-tions assume that decentralization can lead to a loss of control, but their fears are unfounded. The tools required for organizations to make the transition to Distributed Ledgers have to be easy to understand and trustworthy, something that current solutions do not generally off er.

Furthermore, DLT Technologies like the Tangle should off er a fully distributed system, but cur-rent implementations only provide true security by hiding certain aspects of protocol logic and are therefore not fully decentralized, requiring trust in their developers. Thus, in the absence of a better alternative, people are forced to trust concealed technologies which are proprietary and place the data on the network at the mercy of other organizations.

Our mission is to shift the power back to the consumer, re-enabling usersʼ (human or machi-ne) trust on each other by removing the need for central administration. We at Helix, believe that there is great potential to provide a solution that neither requires vast technical knowledge nor long waiting times for authentication processes.

The Helix ledger uses superior security measu-res in various aspects compared to Blockchain; our ledger architecture is based on the Tangle, provides faster transactions and requires no mi-ners, thereby enabling free, fully decentralized transactions. Also, by removing the need for useless “proof of work”, the HelixTangle will free up considerable energy resources.

Our team is highly motivated towards achieving a strong impact by championing the acceptance of Distributed Ledger Technologies as well as established payment methods that arenʼt con-trolled by intermediaries.

It has been evaluated that DLT implementation is

around 80% business process change and 20% techno-

logy implementation [5].


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2.2 Distributed Ledger Technologies

A Distributed Ledger (also called a shared led-ger, or Distributed Ledger Technology, DLT) is a consensus of replicated, shared, and synchroni-zed digital data which is geographically spread across multiple sites, countries, or institutions.There is no central administrator and no cen-tralized data storage.

A peer-to-peer network is required in addition to consensus algorithms, to ensure replication across nodes. One form of Distributed Ledger design is the Blockchain system, which can be either public or private [6].

All Blockchain-based Distributed Ledgers (DLTs) have fi ve major fl aws:

In a traditional Blockchain, scalability is aff ected as more and more people perform transactions within that specifi c Blockchain.

However, on the Tangle, every transaction gets verifi ed by two previously verifi ed transactions, and scalability rises with adoption. In other words, as more and more users perform trans-actions on the network, settlement times beco-me much quicker: allowing for the rise of a truly global network [1].Figure 1 below illustrates how Blockchain usa-bility suff ers from increasing adoption while the speed of the Tangle constantly improves at gro-wing transaction volumes.

I. Blockchain-based DLTs always incur some

transaction or additional cost to the user

II. They all fail to effi ciently scale-up once

theyʼre massively adopted

III. They are all incapable of dealing with

attackers in possession of Quantum

Computing Power or Supercomputers

IV. They all compromise on their commitment

to Distribution and Decentralization

V. And fi nally, businesses and individuals

commonly report an inability to

understand, access, and use Distributed

Ledgers

Figure 1 - Blockchain vs Tangle Scalability

Usability

Scal

e


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Blockchains ‒ we refer to them here as DLTs ‒ have evolved over almost two decades (briefl y presented below):

Next Generation DLT 3.0Already in the transition from DLT 1.x to 2.0, the Blockchain idea was implemented without mi-ners, therefore without transaction costs, ena-bling micro-transactions as a base to the IoT.

However, Helix, being the fi rst attempt of a next generation Distributed Ledger Technology, i.e. in the realm of DLT 3.0, is an innovation at the intersection between “Cognitive Computing, Platform Economy, and Internet of Everything (IoE)”. That means, that Helix is fully decentrali-zed as opposed to any Blockchain-based crypto solution because they all rely on “mining”. For example, Bitcoin is mined in “farms” that “ver-ify other users transactions by solving complex mathematical puzzles ‒ hashes”. Today, the lar-gest “miner” of Bitcoins is a factory containing 25,000 computers and serviced on a 24/7 basis by 50 employees at Dalad Banner in Inner Mon-golia and China. In fact, more than two thirds of the currency is mined and much of it is traded on exchanges in China [7].

All Blockchain-based developments, i.e. DLT 1.x, can only be considered “semi-distributed”. In general, even DAG-based networks still apply proprietary authorities and algorithms for cen-tralized coordination. With its non-proprietary, fully decentralized and distributed architecture, the HelixTangle is a game changer in Distribu-ted Ledger Technology.

DLT 0.1:

early-stages of distributed databases and decentralization,

e.g. Bit Gold (1997-98)

DLT 1.0:

2008 birth of Blockchain by Satoshi Nakamoto,

e.g. Bitcoin (in 2009)

DLT 1.x:

all Blockchain-based architectures, e.g. Tezos, Ethereum etc.

(mostly 2015-17)

DLT 2.0:

blockless and chainless DAG-based architecture,

e.g. Hashgraph (2016), IOTA (2015)

DLT 3.0:

fully decentralized and distributed HelixTangle with

cognitive security (2018+)


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3.1 Tangle Evolution

The architecture of most computer applications on the internet is two-tiered. In a two-tiered ar-chitecture, there is a clear division between cli-ents and servers. For example, a typical banking application allows a client to prepare transac-tions on his/her local machine, and upload the transaction to the bankʼs centralized server or database. In contrast to the two-tiered archi-tecture of centralized applications, P2P systems like the Tangle equally distribute all aspects of the application across participants, which ena-bles workloads, resources, and values to be shared, and additionally, eliminates the need for peers to trust central authorities.

The HelixTangle (DLT 3.0) is a further evoluti-on of the DLT 2.0 Tangle [2] technology, a blo-ckless and chainless solution in the DLT world. The Tangle was a revolution in decentralized distributed computing architecture, thanks to the use of a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) in-stead of blocks chained together (Blockchain). For storing data and enabling fast transactions in the network, the DAG will be the primary data structure and methodology, for addressing the challenges that Blockchains face. Helix is an early adopter of DAG and has been creating a peer-to-peer network protocol by also exploiting state-of-the-art artifi cial intelligence methods in order to add cognitive capabilities to secure its network.

A Directed Acyclic Graph is a particular type of graph consisting of nodes connected to each ot-her by directed edges. The term ʻDirectedʼ re-fers to the idea that edges have directions (like a street map), while ʻAcyclicʼ implies that it is not possible to walk from a node X and return to X without going back on a previously used edge (for example no U-turns!).

What is the Tangle:

The Tangle is a decentralized network based on a directed

acyclic graph algorithm. This means that instead of linear

brute force computing that the Blockchain utilises to verify

data, the Tangle uses DAGs to verify data from two other

nodes in the network. The DAG algorithm is the biggest dif-

ference between the Blockchain and Tangle [2].

Extensive Technical Paper available upon request

HelixVirtualMachine

BEAMSComposer I Smart Contracts

Application LayerOther use cases on the HelixPlatform

Figure 2 - HelixPlatform layered view

3.0 HELIX SOLUTION


Use case: bio marketplace

HelixTangle

p a g e _ 8 / 7p a g e _ 8 / 2 8Copyright © 2018 HELIX Cognitive Computing GmbH. All rights reserved. ‒ Version 1.18 ‒ 04.07.2018.

CONSENSUS

MINING

SECURITY

OTHER

USABILITY

SCALABILITY

TRANSACTIONS

HARDWARE

PROGRAMMABILITY

DATA STORAGE

DATA MODEL

DLT 1.x: Blockchain DLT 2.0: DAG-based platforms DLT 3.0: HelixTangle*

CENTRALIZATION

• Expensive hardware required • Low-cost hardware

• Directed Acyclic Graph

• Platforms use diff erent consensus protocols: Proof of work, proof of stake, dele- gated proof of stake, leader-based voting mechanisms, Byzantine Fault Tolerance algorithms, and more...

• Participants required to trust a central authority to provide the “correctness” of the transactions

• Some have transaction fees paid to the “miners”. Some do not pay fees to miners• Arbitrarily ordered either by well-known topological sorting methods; or voting-based consensus methods

• Confi rmation rate does increase with transaction rate (e.g. infi nite scalability)• Only platforms that still use Proof of Work, produce certain amount of energy waste• Some platforms sacrifi ce decentralization in order to accomplish scalability

• Smart contracts and decentralized apps hosting for private consumers

• Susceptible to quantum computers.• Industry standard transport layer security features such as SSL. Additional security via RSA cryptographical public-private key generation for transaction-input and output addresses. All depend on the generation of randomness

• Possible offl ine availability• Depends on platform, and knowledge of programming languages ‒ some of which tend to be obscure, and not well known

• Some are closed-source, and otherʼs simply follow the traditional database industry

• Useless work• No distributed Machine Learning

• Confi rmation rate does not increase with transaction rate (i.e. scalability limit)• Rate of waste increases with the rate of adoption

• No offl ine availability. Diffi cult integration with existing legacy in the enterprise• Diffi cult to generate address making it diffi cult to send coins to your wallet

• A matter of time before cryptographic primitives (e.g. SHA-256) are broken by quantum computing• Random number system executables

• High frequency trading, could steal othersʼ currency

• Blocks linked and secured by using cryptography

• Division of labor between regular nodes and miners• Miners waste valuable resources i.e. energy

• Useless work• No distributed Machine Learning

• Data is not easy to access, and impose further problems with scalability issue as well as high transaction costs

• Smart contracts and decentralized apps are possible on some Blockchain-based platforms

• Most of the DLT 1.x platforms use Proof of Work. Recently some DLTs started implementing Proof-of-Stake

• Fees for transactions imposed by miners• Zero-value transactions not allowed

• Directed Acyclic Graph (branches permitted)

• Cognitive Consensus: Transactions are shown correct via custom built artifi cial intelligence algorithms

• Distributed, decentralized trust. Each participant does an equal share of work

• No fees paid to network participants for vali- dating and ordering transactions• Cognitive Consensus: Transactions are shown ordered by artifi cial intelligence algorithms based on biological design

• Confi rmation rate does increase with transaction rate ( infi nite scalability)• Potentially zero-waste as a function of useful proof of work

• Smart contracts and decentralized apps for private consumers, and built in advance for the public good (e.g. advancing and enhacing the scientifi c discovery process, free-of-charge)

• Potentially protected against quantum computers • Cryptography based on well-known, thoroughly researched Public-private key generation via Lamportʼs one-time signatures. Distributed randomness generation for even greater security

• Possible offl ine availability• Graphical User Interface for creation of smart-contracts and decentralized apps. Easy code generation with well known scripting languages similar to JavaScript and Python

• Uses the same backends as the worldʼs largest social network ‒ RocksDB. Value is immutably stored, persisted on disk, and available for public inspection via HTTP Rest API

• Useful work via distributed Machine Learning• Distributed Machine Learning on data sets related to the security of the HelixTangle• Cognitive Security modules for all network nodes

• Low-cost hardware

• Most of the platforms are partly centralized by installing proprietary coordination and algorithms as closed-source authorities

• Not truly decentralized, because of the large mining farms controling more than 51% of nodes (possibility of 51% attack)

• Unlike other DAGs, the HelixTangle arrives at consensus with no demand to trust a central authority

Table 1 - Evolution of DLT platforms

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3.2 Evolution of Distributed Ledger Technologies

Source: Analysis of Distributed Ledger Technology platforms and comparison with HelixTangle, Helix Cognitive Computing GmbH, May 2018

*Please note that the HelixTangle is still under development. For more information about the technology, please refer to the www.hlx.ai.

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3.3 Technical Implementation

Our scientists and engineers have compiled an extensive technical document explaining the nu-merous advantages of the HelixTangle over to-dayʼs DLTs. They talk about the DLT as a DAG, deep-dive into Helix network nodes and trans-actions, explain Helixʼ AI / distributed machine learning, shed light on Proof of Useful Work and even discuss the secret sauce ‒ Cognitive Con-sensus in the Helix DLT ... good read!

Ready to get down to the nitty-gritty?

For a strictly technical and truly in-depth and in-spiring presentation of the nuts and bolts of the HelixTangle, please request the Helix Technical Paper from your contact at the Helix headquar-ters in Berlin, Germany or by email: [email protected].

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Figure 3 - Visualization of the Tangle


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3.4 Helix Ecosystem and Use Cases

Platform ecosystems are the foundation for new value creation in the digital economy. Most groundbreaking innovations are not products or services; they are the platforms on which these products and services are built. Platform-based business models fundamentally change how companies are doing business.

The HelixEcosystem is a Peer-to-Peer distribu-ted information system powered by people and their machines. Like a living human language, which benefi ts from the addition of new words, and cannot survive without its speakers, the He-lixEcosystem consists of many moving parts and their relationships to one another. The HelixEco-system includes a publicly available, cryptogra-phically secure database, protocols and applica-tions for communicating with the database, and all of the peers that interact with Helix.

Once the HelixTangle is established with seed applications, Helix will enable entirely new business models with interactions where end users can be businesses, single individuals, or even non-humans ‒ thereby making it an ideal platform, e.g. to run very effi cient machi-ne-to-machine (M2M) transactions based on the Tangle. To do so, Helix will release tools thatwill enable ease of use in development. These tools will include a Virtual Machine, a WYSIWYG (“What You See Is What You Get”) development interface, a crypto wallet, a scripting language as well as tools for smart contract creation.

Demand-side economies of scale are based on the network eff ects of two-sided markets, where value is created in platform ecosystems of sta-keholders (customers, partners, developers, and others).

The decisive economic shift from supply-side to demand-side represents the combined impact of digital [value exchange] technologies, and platforms. Thus, platform and technology-driven business models are key to innovation.

The Ecosystem will be a place for Helix enthusi-asts to learn together, inspire each other, deve-lop and build together, taking advantage of and creating new solutions and dApps on the He-lixTangle. To reward our enthusiasts, Helix will proactively put forward innovative and unique ideas on the Ecosystem Homepage. The com-munity voice will have a signifi cant importance in picking the right ideas.

Financial Services

Manufacturing

Public Services

Sharing Economy

Automotive

Healthcare/Life Sciences

Legal

Education

...

Industries that benefi t from Business Applications on

the HelixPlatform:

Trad

ition

al B

usin

esse

s

Pote

ntia

l Bus

ines

ses

Figure 4 - Helix enables new business models in IoE: “Peer-to-peer human and machine economy”

C

C2

M2

M2

B2

M2

C2

C2

B2

B2

M

B

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Helix also plans to organize workshops and pro-vide educational resources, aimed to further educate and develop the community. In colla-boration with the community, Helix will produce interactive tools, tutorials and videos to create a collaborative society in which people trust and support each other. We plan to categorize all our knowledge and make it easily accessible at a click of a button.

To bring the community together, Helix plans to set up Hackathons and other interactive events. Although we are a technology compa-ny, it is not enough for us to be represented on the internet. We want people to be able to “see and touch” us. Our community is vital to us. Helix would like to walk this unpredictable yet exciting path with you, hand in hand.

3.5 Emerging Business Models

Helix wants to create a free development en-vironment where users, students or employees, can write decentralized programs and make the world a decentralized place. To give users with little technical experience the opportunity to wri-te applications, we provide the HelixComposer tool. It will be a construction kit where users can build their apps via drag and drop.

For instance, a featured application on the Helix-Tangle will be BEAMS ‒ a bio marketplace that can play a signifi cant role in storing and trans-mitting human healthcare related data.

BEAMS aims to enable individuals and organi-zations to securely transmit and receive any bio-logical data (e.g. bio-signals) such as genomic information, environmental data, and health-re-lated data via commercially available and/or al-ready owned bio-sensor devices. It can enable healthcare institutions, hospitals and providers to securely access patient data, thereby pro-moting accurate diagnosis, treatment and mo-nitoring of patients in real-time. The consensus protocols of the HelixTangle and cognitive secu-rity modules available for use, off er individuals precise control over their data at all times. With an easy to use graphical user interface, they can also share their data with selected participants.

A number of corporations, research institutions, universities, and the healthcare system, in ad-dition to humans, can partner or join the market-place. The business model of BEAMS is based on cryptocurrency revenues generated through providing, selecting, accessing, using, and pay-ing for data accommodated on the HelixTangle.

HelixTangle

HelixPlatform HelixWallet HelixVirtualMachine

HelixComposer

HelixWetware HelixFoundation

HelixCognitiveComputing

HLX

BEAMS

For more Information, please feel free to browse our FAQ document.

The HelixEcosystem consists of diff erent modules:

For a complete overview of the application, please visit www.beams.ai (to be publically released in 2019)

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Source: World Economic Forum. Original: Mulligan, C., Scott, J.Z., War-ren, S. Rangaswami, JP. (2018). These 11 Questions Will Help You Decide If Blockchain Is Right for Your Business. Retrieved from: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/04/questions-blockchain-toolkit-right-for-business/.Accessed: 05-06-2018Helix Cognitive Computing GmbH (2018). 11 questions to help you if blockchain or the HelixTangle is suitable for your busi-ness. Image adapted and used under Creative Commons/World Eco-nomic for Your Business.

*Please note that the HelixTangle is still under development. For more information about the technology, please refer to the www.hlx.ai.

C. Can you create a permanent authori-tative record of the digital asset in question?

D. Do you require high performance rapid transactions?

E. Do you intend to store large amounts of non-transactional data as part of your solution?

F. Do you want/need to rely on a trusted party? (e.g. for compliance or liability reasons)

H. Do you require shared write access?

G. Are you mana-ging contractual relationship or value exchange?

I. Do contributors know and trust each other?

J. Do you need to be able to control functionality?

K. Should transactions be public?

Understand the benefi ts of decentralized/distributed computing based on blockchains and/or directed acyclic graphs (DAGs).

The HelixTangle* may do this.

Blockchain cannot do this effi ciently yet.

The HelixTangle is a fully decentralized protocol, which you

can trust.

Blockchains also provide a trusted

data model, but they are slow.

The HelixTangle works.

A Blockchain may work.

Strong case for the HelixTangle ‒ a public ledger for Everyone and

Everything.

You could use a Blockchain as a public ledger.

Strong case for the HelixTangle.

It enables creating your own

private ledger.

You could also use a Blockchain as a

private ledger.

Are contributorsʼ interests unifi ed or

well-alligned?

A. Are you trying to remove intermediaries or brokers?

B. Are you working with digital assets (versus physical assets)?

The HelixTangle works.

A blockchain doesnot work.

YES

START

YES YES YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

NO NO NO NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

3.6 Quick Starter Guide to using DLT

The following questions will help you understand how Blockchains or the HelixTangle could solve your current data-related challenges and improve your business:

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4.0 HELIX GROUP

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Additionally, the Foundation will mentor and award young scientists and PhD students with research contracts and fi nancial support. As such, it will act as a charitable organization in compliance with European Law.

Helix is conducting its business internationally. To accomplish this goal, Helix has formed diff e-rent legal entities, all of which we refer to within HelixInternational:

HelixEstonia offi ce ‒ based in Tallinn, Estonia, is a R&D-focused subsidiary, created as a de-velopment arm for HelixEcosystem. The Tallinn offi ce is determined on the advancement of core products such as Wallet, parts of Composer and Virtual Machine. Also, their focus will be on the expansion of new use cases.

4.1 Structure

Managing a global company with a product and platform is a challenging venture. Under the authority of the HelixGroup, several companies have been built either as standalone legal ent-ities or loose-coupled networks, both geogra-phically dispersed and with a focus on diff erent areas of expertise:

Helix Cognitive Computing GmbH ‒ Berlin ba-sed commercial entity of the HelixGroup that is responsible for introducing and commerciali-zing its core innovation the ‒ HelixTangle. The company will create seed applications and ser-vices to showcase the HelixTangle and associa-ted technologies. As market adoption rises, the company will move into a support role for other players utilizing the platformʼs technology.

Furthermore, technologies created by the Helix-Foundation (read below) will be commercialized by the company and rolled out to Helix users.

HelixFoundation is the non-profi t entity of He-lix based in Berlin, Germany, which will be one of the main recipients of capital raised from the Helix ICO (initial coin off ering) in addition to He-lixʼ initial token allocations. The mission of the Foundation will be to invest in emerging techno-logies associated with computer and cognitive sciences. The focus will be on AI (Artifi cial Intel-ligence), Cognitive Science and synthetic biolo-gic or organic computing (wetware). The objec-tive of the Foundation will be accomplished by establishing the development, provisioning and accessibility of the Open Source HelixPlatform in the fi eld of Distributed Ledger Technologies. The Foundation will oversee operations, mainte-nance and development of HelixTangle, in addi-tion to building and growing the HelixEcosystem.

The HelixGroup was born out of a need

to eff ectively manage the HelixEcosystem.


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For the best delivery of results, Helix created a spin-off from its company by entering a joint venture with experts from Silicon Valley. Helix participated as an incubator in the creation of a marketplace startup for the safe transfer of bio-medical data. BEAMS will be established in San Francisco Bay Area and will be one of the fi rst prominent use cases on Helix.

In order to delegate tasks in the most effi cient way, Helix initiated the creation of Helix Base Camps in cities across the globe such as Hong Kong, San Francisco, Southern Europe and the Middle East.

Base Camps are temporarily established ent-ities intended to focus on business development and marketing activities, ensuring responsibility for public relations, marketing and local commu-nity-building. In addition, they will help nurture investor relations and fundraisings globally.

All entities inside HelixGroup participate in the creation of the HelixEcosystem and play a sig-nifi cant role in supporting the entire Helix com-munity to grow and expand globally, fulfi lling its mission to facilitate the Interconnection of Ever-yone and Everything. The drive of the team is the main ingredient to this success formula.


Helix BaseCamps

Hong Kong

Bay AreaSouthern Europe...

Helix Cognitive Computing GmbH BerlinHelixFoundation

Helix Cognitive Computing OÜ Tallinn

BEAMS INC.Silicon ValleyCo-Founder Estonian R&D Subsidiary

Helix for non-profi t

Operations of HelixTangle

R&D, incl. Basic Scientifi c Research

Ecosystem & Community Building

Educational Equality

Fostering of New Use Cases

Internationalization & Scale

Global Alliances

Helix for profi t (=commercial projects)

Establishment of the Corporation & Foundation

Building a Team & Advisory Network

Initial Research & Core Development

Roll-out of HelixTangle

Local & Global Business Partnerships

Initial Fundraising

Creation of specifi c Use Cases: BEAMS

Public Relations

Marketing & Branding

Investor Relations

Fundraising

Building Local Communities

Resp

onsi

bilit

ies

Figure 5 - HelixGroup Structure

Incubator Founder

U.S. Subsidiary

*

*Please note that BEAMS INC. is currently under establishment. For more informa-

tion, please refer to the www.beams.ai. (to be publically released in 2019)

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4.2 Team Members

Arne Bert SteingräberTechnical Operations Lead Software & System Architectures

Matthew Niemerg, PhDHigh Performance ComputingApplied MathematicsFormerly IBM Center of Excellence

Dan CookCognitive SciencesComputational NeuroscienceCognitive Security

David Neville, PhDCognitive SciencesMachine LearningArtifi cial Intelligence

Oliver FohrmannCo-FounderSoftware EngineeringBioinformatics

Luke Tudge, PhDCognitive SciencesResearcher in Cognitive PsychologyDeep & Reinforcement Learning

Marcel FohrmannCo-FounderManaging DirectorDesign Thinking

Pravin RasalingamICO AnalystAstrophysics

Ken NozakiBusiness AcceleratorDLT EvangelistToken Economics

Frauke Sophie AbbenSoftware EngineeringBioinformaticsData Science

Soroush SohiMachine LearningCryptography Computer Science

Nihad HodzicBusiness ConsultingLaw & EconomicsCryptocurrencies

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Dimitri MitikovSoftware Engineering Full Stack Developer

Stanislav KobletzkiHead of MobileFull Stack Developer

David KondziellaElectrical EngineeringCryptographySimulations

Herman KorjaginHead of Estonian Offi ceBusiness DevelopmentDigital Marketing

Sergei PanginSystem EngineeringMathematician Modelling

Benjamin HodzicBusiness OperationsElectrical Engineer TechnicianSystem Administration

Rajeev HegdeBlockchain ResearchAdvanced Aeronautical EngineeringToken Economics

Tijana MijailovicStrategic MarketingSocial Media

Anton SchädlichCognitive SciencesMachine LearningArtifi cial Intelligence

4.2 Team Members

Andrew BondMicroelectronics Design and EngineeringHardware Wallet Development

Dario TietzDevelopment OperationsTesting EnvironmentsSystem Architecture & Admin

Prof. Jean-Pierre Seifert, PhDScientifi c Advisory Board MemberTechnical University of BerlinCryptography and Theoretical InformaticsBerlin, Germany

Nihan Kara, PhDScientifi c Advisory Board MemberSenior Scientist, BD BiosciencesCold Spring Harbor Lab, NYSan Francisco, Bay Area, USA

Dr. Christopher HahnBusiness Advisory Board MemberPartner at trustberg LLP BerlinHonorary Consulof the Republic of Côte dʼIvoireBerlin, Germany

Noor SweidBusiness Advisory Board MemberManaging Partner Global VenturesChief Investment Offi cer Dubai Future FoundationMember of the Board MIT Sloan School of ManagementDubai

Lana LyuBusiness Advisory Board MemberHealthTech Network & Associated Limited - Co-FounderDLT EvangelistHong Kong

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Alex NgTechnology Advisory Board MemberFormer CTO at Zcoin (XZC)PhD Cand. in Machine LearningBerlin, Germany

4.3 Advisory Board

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4.4 Organization

We are organized around “things”...At Helix, we are dedicated towards developing technology at the frontier of knowledge, and as such, we aspire to bring innovation to our orga-nization. Thus, it is important to note, that we do not use traditional top-down and org-charts-driven management methods, as we perceive it as what things were then. Therefore, we have redefi ned what things are today...

What “things” are today at Helix...Helix is devoted towards delivering excellence in every fi eld of its structure and splitting the organization into responsibility areas, i.e. cells ‒ empower individuals and teams to do so. Cells are independent of each other; however, they do facilitate prompt communication and continuous train of thought. The size and number of cells vary with the complexity of the tasks and goals. As shown in Figure 6, the following three areas are considered core cells [organizational units] at Helix.

assembled of engineers, data scientists and prag-matic hardcore software developers heavily de-velop our core innovation ‒ the HelixTangle. Even though the cells appear to be seperated, they are comprehensively interconnected and dependent on each other. The Helix Berlin offi ce works in co-ordination with our Estonian subsidiary to conti-nually improve the HelixPlatform.

Business Operations ‒ We extensively involve se-nior business people as our advisors in day-to-day operations, and we source talent from professio-nal service companies. Helixʼ business cell com-prises of smaller teams focussed on business de-velopment, ICO preparation and marketing. These interdependent teams cooperatively oversee legal and tax topics, ICO and fundraising, develop stra-tegies, as well as talent management processes.

Foundation ‒ Our non-profi t arm, the HelixFoun-dation, is driven by a desire to make technology and knowledge available “broadly”, in addition to pursuing technological advancements for the decentralization of processes and distribution of good “Information”. Aside from being a separate entity, Foundation is closely associated with both technology and business cells in building the Eco-system around our core innovation, which will incorporate participants from other companies, users, communities, and use cases.

Spreading our mission and conveying our key messages requires indispensable communication across various parties. This means that not only within our small groups, cells or entities but also outside of it we need eff ective communication. We value correctness and transparency in our inter-nal communication and presentation to the out-side world. We let information grow and aspire to distribute it openly.

Figure 6 - Core cells (organizational units) at Helix

T

B

F Foundation

Business Operations

Technology Development


Technology Development ‒ Our focus is to de-velop cutting-edge technology for everyone. We went one step further and split this core cell into two scientifi c teams ‒ cognitive science team where neuroscientists, cognitive scientists and mathematicians jointly work on our cognitive security algorithm, whilst the development team

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How “things” are organized and work at Helix...The main goal of technology is to improve and ameliorate the quality of life ‒ just like that of the HelixTangle.

The structure of our company is decentralized, without formal authorities and hierarchy as we rely on trust induced by common goals and sha-red values, resulting in saved time and energy. Helix is not pent-up by a vertical hierarchy. Due to its necessity for a new organizational struc-ture which would provide the best fl ow of infor-mation, we created an organizational structure centered around goals, tasks and achievements rather than management positions or titles. By applying such a network structure, we aspire to empower people and communication fl ow in Helix. With everything happening fast at Helix, micromanagement is avoided in favor of trusting individuals and teams to do their best. Any other structure would be too slow to follow in a dyna-mic environment. A network needs to be scrappy and nimble, with the ability to constantly adapt to the environment. Therefore, we at Helix do not have ranks but instead “silent leaders and mentors”.

The sun of the “Helix Solar System” is our tech-nology, which forms the basis of all Helix legal entities. They are all independent of each other. Even when physically separated, all Helix ent-ities are connected to one big platform through an invisible, intangible force, symbolically cal-led HelixGravity. As you can see in Figure 7, our Gravity permeates all Helix entities to the smallest part, with the same shared values and common goals.

Why “things” work at Helix...Simply put, it works because we have built a team around Shared Values and Common Goals. Shared Values shape not only our company cul-ture but also serve as our personal attributes ‒ which are things we believe keep us together. We defi ne Culture as “what you do when no one watches you.”

Our Shared Values:

1. Fluid information ‒ Ego can be the greatest asset or most signifi cant liability ‒ especially when it comes to sharing! While working on he-terogeneous everyday tasks, we always keep in mind the bigger picture and our common mission. This drives us to grow knowledge and distribute information ‒ in an intuitive or disordered way at times, but also in a structured manner.

2. Science devotion ‒ We believe that every in-novation needs to be a public good, accessible to everyone without cost ‒ that is what the Founda-tion aspires to deliver to the world. We intend to never apply for a patent because we believe in free fl ow and Open Source usage of knowledge.

3. Passion for achievement ‒ We place trust in individual accountability and high performance of each individual. With diff erent private and professional backgrounds, our team is mutually supplementing each other. We are diverse and complementary, and more importantly strive for success.

Figure 7 - Helix ‒ How things work

Gravity

T

x

y

z

F

x

y

z

B

xy

zz


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Cohesive Goals ‒ Our shared values (beliefs) shape our direction. We all strive towards follo-wing:

1. Our goal is to shift the existing economic power structure across all levels of industry and society. Currently, there are 2 billion people in the world who do not have a bank account [20], because they are not seen as profi table customers. This could be changed with a missi-on aimed towards the improvement of life condi-tions, by decentralizing central authorities such as banking systems. We want to enable people to use peer-to-peer alternatives. For another example, Helix is currently working on the creation of its spin-off , BEAMS ‒ a mar-ketplace for individuals and organizations where they can transmit and receive any biological data securely. It will also enable individuals to control decisions associated with monetizing their bio-logical information, based on a principle of “Our bodies, Our Data”.

2. Our goal is to stop the manipulation of in-formation. Helix will help redesign democracy with open and fair use of data. By implementing decentralized and distributed algorithms equip-ped with cognitive security, we will improve the security of our protocol. Helix aims to eliminate third parties acting as guardians of trust.

3. Our goal is to promote the creation and de-velopment of emerging technologies. Among others, Helixʼ long-term vision is to replace tra-ditional digital storage used by todayʼs networks with DNA-based molecular storage systems ‒ HelixWetware. This could equip humanity with completely diff erent daily use cases and new models of information processing.

Such an organizational structure allows the He-lixGroup to be in regular touch with all members of its team, spread across the globe. By doing so, the HelixGroup aims to bring innovation to all spheres of its business, in addition to creating a collaborative and sustainable Ecosystem around its core innovation, the HelixTangle.

“Opportunities donʼt happen. You create them.”


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Figure 8 illustrates the HelixGravity Model ‒ the core organizational structure at Helix. While everyone is responsible for her/his task, teams are interdependent on each other. Our gravita-tional force facilitates a seamless fl ow of in-formation between the Technical and Business teams, enabling everyone to be on the same page and aligned into the same direction.

Helix values its Advisory Board Members greatly, and incorporates them within individual teams for guidance and support on a daily basis. In-dividual Cells are linked to each other by team leads, who constantly communicate with each other and take decisions on behalf of their re-spective teams.

In short, HelixGravity interconnects the various Helix entities by enabling regular communication and allowing information to permeate across individual cells.


Technology Development

Helix Foundation

Business Operations

t s Operations

Dario TietzFrauke Sophie Abben

Herman KorjaginDavid Kondziella

Dmitri MitikovStanislav Kobletzki

Andrew Bond

Kunal Sachdeva

Fabian Krüger

Daniel CookLuke Tudge

David NevilleAnton SchädlichAnton Schädlich

Ken NozakiNihad Hodzic

Pravin Rasalingam

Christopher HahnNoor Sweid

Marcel FohrmannBenjamin HodzicTijana Mijailovic

Rajeev Hegde

Development

Cognitive Science

Matthew Niemerg

Oliver Fohrmann

Arne SteingraberAlex Ng

Business Development

HelixGravity

Marketing & Tokenization

Figure 8 - Organizational Structure of HelixGroup modelled as gravitational force around cells, Helix Cognitive Computing GmbH, June 2018

Katharina Ehler

Michael Lampert

CryptographyJean-Pierre SeifertOliver Fohrmann

Soroushi Sohi

InternationalGrowthLana Lyu

Nihan Kara

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5.0 HELIX TOKEN ECONOMICS

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5.1 The Age of a New Economy

A barter system paved the way for a more con-trolled transaction system in the form of shell currencies, to facilitate easier exchange and standardize value. For purposes of controlling supply and providing superior value guarantee, precious metals such as gold were molded in the form of minted coins, replacing shell-based currencies. When coins became a burden, trans-actions shifted to bank notes for easy money supply control [9]. In a world that is getting in-creasingly decentralized and digital, use of bank notes is decreasing, with digital currencies such as e-money and cryptocurrencies coming to the fore [20].

Digital trust is paramount for the viability and existence of digital currencies. Existing sys-tems fail to demonstrate that level of trust [9], with 92% of millennials fi rmly distrusting banks [10]. The rise of decentralized Distributed Led-ger Technologies such as the HelixTangle could potentially point towards a shift to token-based payment systems, portending a transformation in the way money and exchange of value in ge-neral is created in the digital age [12].

E-Money vs. CryptocurrencyBoth e-money and cryptocurrencies represent forms of digital currency, but that is where their similarities end. E-money represents the elect-ronic component of fi at (money under govern-mental regulation) currency systems that are typically controlled by a central banking system [13]. A cryptocurrency, on the other hand, can be defi ned as “a token on a decentralized distribu-ted consensus ledger that represents a medium of exchange and can be obtained, stored, acces-sed and transacted electronically” [14]. Unlike e-money, the value of a cryptocurrency is deter-mined by its supply and demand, and trust in the decentralized system [13].

While e-money involves a central bank distribu-ting money through the banks, cryptocurrencies can directly be issued to the consumer without the need for intermediaries [14]. Should the (r)evolution of money continue, cryptocurrencies off er an alternative solution to transition into the next monetary system [9].

5.2 HLX ‒ Worldʼs First Cognitive Cryptocurrency

HLX can be described as a cognitive cryptocur-rency because every transaction initiated in the HelixTangle results from the process of cogni-tion. Helix uses cognitive scientifi c methods for purposes of security and validation in the net-work. For example, in order to approve or vali-date a transaction, Helix will introduce the fi rst ever transaction ledger in the crypto world, which secures transactions using artifi cial intel-ligence techniques such as distributed machine learning ‒ a unique ability to understand, reason and learn about cyber-attacks and threats. In ot-her words: Cognition or more precisely Cognitive Science is used to create a new economic, social and technological value.


Figure 9 - E-Money vs. Cryptocurrency Source: [Accenture, 2017]

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So, if cryptocurrencies do off er an alternative solution to transition into the next monetary sys-tem [9], why hasnʼt this happened yet? This can be attributed to a lack of maturity on the part of the underlying technology behind existing cryptocurrencies. Current Distributed Ledger Technologies are plagued with issues related to privacy, scalability and confi dentiality, thereby slowing the pace of technical advance-ment [15].

For instance, the mining process of updating Bit-coinʼs ledger consumes a huge amount of ener-gy, driven mainly by competition for profi t [9]. For a currency to gain mass adoption, it needs to grow with the consumer and not past them. In the case of Bitcoin, regular people can no longer mine for coins or utilize them in day-to-day transactions without risk or high-fees. This beats the purpose of being a cryptocurrency in the fi rst place [16].

The HelixPlatform aims to solve most of to-dayʼs cryptocurrenciesʼ shortcomings by pro-viding peer-to-peer exchange through a value token represented by the acronym HLX. This modern and versatile cryptocurrency is used as the denomination for all value-transfer functions across the HelixEcosystem such as use cases. The peer-to-peer nature of the HelixNetwork ensures that no banks or intermediaries are required when making online payments using the HLX cryptocurrency.

Furthermore, the HelixPlatform requires NO mi-ners, implying that transactions can take place effi ciently at virtually no cost. With reference to Figure 9, Helix takes the place of issuing the cryptocurrency directly to the user without inter-mediaries.

The HelixTangle can be used for machine-to-ma-chine settlement, person-to-machine, or per-son-to-person payments. One does not need to create a large valued transaction to use the HelixTangle. Helix is setting the foundation for innovation moving forward so that both, people and machines can attach their transactions to the HelixTangle at no cost. This is an important area where Helix as a platform, and HLX as its cryptocurrency gain an edge over existing plat-forms and currencies.

5.3 HLX Value Drivers

The Facebook-Cambridge Analytica scandal compromised the privacy of millions, and more importantly jeopardized an essential ingredient of business success ‒ public trust. The after-math of the scandal triggered more than just run-of-the-mill outrage, with debates centered around privacy and trust echoing calls for a “new internet” [17]. Unlike most cryptocurrencies, Helix is not an ap-plication but rather a platform on which many applications can run. A cognitively secured and easy-to-use platform such as Helix is funda-mental for the implementation of the Internet of Things (IoT).

HLX tokens derive value through the following means:

• Being a store of value and facilitating fast, se-cure and immediate transactions by cutting out intermediaries• Acting as the principal means of exchange on use cases such as the Internet of Things, utili-ties, autonomous mobility, digital commerce, etc. • Connecting network participants ranging from academics and developers to major corpo-rations, for purposes of education, value trans-fer, business and overall development of the di-gital ecosystem.


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The token associated with the network on which value is sent for goods and services, gains tan-gible value during the period of this exchange [18]. The implementation of novel use cases on the HelixNetwork leads to continuos growth of the HelixEcosystem at a steady pace, thereby in-creasing the amount of payments facilitated and value transferred. Increased adoption and usage of the Helix network would generate more value for the HLX token. Helix aims to create a mul-ti-purpose protocol that runs a wide range of ap-plications, with HLX tokens used as the principal means of exchange. After launching the Main-Net, Helix intends to introduce a Turing-Com-plete programming language, which means that the Helix protocol can be used to perform any calculation possible by any other programmable computer, allowing for the execution of arbitra-rily complex computations over its decentralized distributed network. A subset of these compu-tations, referred to as smart contracts, enable atomized automation of value transfer between applications built on Helix.

This functionality can be revolutionary in the fol-lowing domains:• Democracy: The HelixTangle could potentially reshape political structures by bringing about an immutable voting process that cannot be rigged.• Greater Good: With close to 2 Billion people worldwide having no access to a bank account [19], Helix intends to bank the unbanked by of-fering the HelixTangle as an alternative means to carry out cheap, transparent and effi cient trans-actions.• Business: Mature DLTs like the HelixTangle have the potential to fundamentally change the way businesses are operating today. Examples for key industries that face disruption include banking, real estate, healthcare, legal, and edu-cation, among others.


5.4 Genesis

HLX tokens diff er from other tokens because they are not mined, but instead originate as soon as the HelixTangle is initiated ‒ a process known as Genesis.

The Genesis successfully took place in 2017 and led to the creation of 4,292,493,394,837,504 HLX tokens in existence, or approximately 4.3 billion mHLX.

4.3 peta HLX (=244×244) is neither a scientifi c nor strategic fi gure, but rather indicates the hard cap of HLX tokens. This was necessary to en-sure that the number of tokens are fi nite, with miners no longer required to create more tokens. Each participant in the Tangle automatically ma-kes sure that every transaction is correct, com-plete and validated. The Helix network is free of mining ‒ you do not spend any of your currency on miners!

Again, the amount of tokens is fi nite and not infi nite. There will never be more than 4,292,493,394,837,504 HLX tokens circulating. This number is equal to the maximum supply of tokens.

5.5 Allocation of HLX Tokens

HLX Tokens will be allocated to both HelixFoun-dation and Helix Cognitive Computing GmbH, each receiving same amount of the total HLX to-ken supply (see Figure 10). In later text, we will provide detailed information about allocation of HLX Tokens inside HelixFoundation, due to its philantropic nature.

Further allocation will be to the support of inter-national ventures and activities including the incubation of use cases. The remaining HLX to-kens will be up for sale to the public during the Helix ICO starting September 30, 2018.

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Foundation and Community Helix believes in a world, where information can be freely shared amongst humanity for greater good. The HelixFoundation was established, keeping in mind our ideology of being an inde-pendent, non-commercial research and develop-ment entity. Over time, initiatives stimulated and supported by the HelixFoundation would en-courage participants to make the HelixTangle a key network to build decentralized applications, boost machine economy, and more importantly educate future generations to eradicate digital illiteracy in underprivileged areas and contribute to basic science and research (see section 4.1).

Technology Development & Business Operations Helix Cognitive Computing GmbH is responsi-ble for the development and implementation of the HelixTangle Protocol and its cryptocurrency HLX.


Today, Helix Cognitive Computing GmbHʼs es-tablishment as a legal entity and its entire operations are based on various fi nancial and non-fi nancial contributors, who have helped the company establish a self-sustainable operating model.

In addition to our multidisciplinary core develop-ment team, we would like to acknowledge our scientifi c and advisory board members, angel investors & various seed and Series A+ inves-tors. In cooperation with the Foundation, Helix Cognitive Computing GmbH will continue to im-plement various innovative solutions associated with Cognitive Security and accessibility such as creating the HelixVirtualMachine, as an inter-face for new fashioned smart contracts.

Furthermore, Helix Cognitive Computing GmbH plans to co-create its own applications on the HelixTangle such as BEAMS. With these inten-tions, Helix Cognitive Computing GmbH expects to grow further by hiring exceptional talents. We have also developed a reward scheme to recog-nize and appreciate individuals and organizati-ons who believed in our vision and endeavor at an early stage.

International ExpansionHLX tokens are partly allocated to Helixʼ interna-tional subsidiaries. Helix aims to reach all parts of the world, and the tokens allocated will be used to further expansion plans and investments in tech companies.

Figure 10 - Allocation of HLX Tokens

Helix Cognitive Computing GmbH

HelixInternational

HelixFoundation

Helix ICO

Launch 30th September 2018

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5.6 HLX Initial Coin Off ering (ICO)

• Helix is off ering all participants an opportuni-ty to be an integral part of the HelixEcosystem, by holding an ICO beginning on 30th September 2018.

• The ICO will run for a period of 42 days. The price of a single mHLX token is currently estima-ted at approximately €0.02/mHLX.

• Tokens can be purchased on www.hlx.ai/ico and the following means of secure token pur‒chase are accepted: BTC, ETH (and potentially other cryptocurrencies) as well as bank transfer on request in order not to discriminate clients without access to or experience with cryptocur-rency payments.

• HLX tokens can be pre-purchased at a dis-count of 25% (i.e. for €0.015/mHLX) until 15th September 2018. Please get in touch via email for more information: [email protected]

Helix will impose a soft cap on token sales, and only sell 12% of its tokens at the ICO.


The main purpose of this public sale is to provi-de everyone across the world, an opportunity to own HLX tokens and make use of the underlying technology behind the HelixTangle. The sale of all tokens reserved for the public sale could lead to an income of approximately €10 Million.

Post-ICO, HLX tokens are intended to be placed on cryptoexchange platforms for broader distri-bution. As of July 2018, HLX tokens will not be sold to residents/citizens of Singapore, China, India and the United States due to legislations and regulatory uncertainces surrounding circu-lation of tokens in these countries.

Formulating ICO Process

SEP

Whitepaper Release

Launch of Website

Marketing Outreach

Launch of Alpha Wallet &Infrastructure

ICO

Helix Mainnet goes public

20192018

START(42 Days duration)

AUGJULJUN

Figure 11 - ICO Roadmap

HLX Token Sale

ICO Start DateICO Price per HLX Token

ICO Token Limit

30th September 2018 Approx. €0.02

515,099,207 mHLX

Approx. €0.015

15th September 2018

Pre-ICO Price per HLX Token

ICO Duration

Method of Token Purchase

42 Days

BTC, ETH, etc.

Pre-Sale End Date

Table 2 - HLX Token Sale

Launch of HelixFoundationSEP

Exchange Trading

Launch of bio marketplaceBEAMS

DEC

Token Distribution

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5.7 Purchasing Process

Purchasing HLX tokens is a simple process that takes only a few minutes:

Step 1: Sign up on www.hlx.ai and enter the re-quired data. Read and Accept Terms & Conditi-ons and activate your account by accessing the link sent to your email.

Step 2: Helix is legally compliant with German laws and follows a strict KYC/AML procedure. After activating your account, you will be direc-ted to a page where you will be asked to upload a government-issued identity document.

Step 3: Once the required information and docu-ments have been provided, you will be directed to the ICO landing page where you can purchase HLX tokens.

Step 4: To purchase HLX tokens, click on the “Buy HLX Tokens” link which will redirect you to diff erent payment options (Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.).

5.8 Use of Proceeds

Funds received from ICO token sales will be dis-tributed as follows:


Helix Cognitive Computing GmbH

HelixInternational HelixFoundation

Figure 12 - Key Use of Proceeds from ICO

Table 3 - Use of Proceeds in HelixFoundation

Use of Proceeds at HelixFoundation

HelixEcosystem Building (Communities, Alliances and Outreach)

G&A cost of the Foundation incl. ICO or other listing costs

Research & Development of the HelixTangle + VirtualMachine

Basic Science and Education Contributiondation

Funds received by the HelixFoundation will be distributed to the following areas:

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• Ideation ‒ Directed Acyclic Graphs as a DLT protocol for the Internet of Everybody and Everything

• Initiating the project ‒ Code name: Gaia-Tangle (inspired by Greek mythology, for the Earth)

• Hard-fork of IOTA-originated Tangle with own “coordinator” emulation

Modeling a new Tangle architecture ‒ (re-)use and (re-)programming existing IOTA Tangle code

Generation of HLX tokens based on the new Tangle and genesis of HelixTangle

• Establishing the legal entity in Berlin jurisdiction

Token Economics & Fundraising

• Verifi cation of offl ine machine-to-machine transactions as ‒ “Helix MVP“

• Testing cognitive security in distributed machine learning environments

• Growing to a team size of 10 with core developer and scientifi c & business advisories

• Leaving the “garage” and …

2

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Mar

-Dec

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… moving to the 1st offi ce @ Schokoladenfabrik ‒ an old factory loft in the heart of Berlin

Conceptualization of Cognitive Security in decentralized P2P networks

Developing HelixTangle consensus or transaction validation algorithms

Creation of partnerships ‒ universities, corporations, NGOs, and research institutes

Opening Helix branch in Estonia ‒ the most digital country in Europe

Building ICO base camps

Establishment of HelixFoundation in Berlin as the non-profi t entity of Helix

Conceptualization and incubation of the bio marketplace BEAMS

Issue of Whitepaper ‒ public release ‒ July, 2018

Revising Helixʼ approaches to post-quantum cryptography

Computational stress test and simulations of the HelixTangle

Building the Tangle with a decentralized consensus mechanism

Conceptualization of HelixVirtualMachine with a graphical programming and natural language interface

HelixWallet Beta Version

Use case development by Partners

Marketing and Communication for ICO ‒ August, 2018

Launch of HelixFoundation operations ‒ August, 2018

ICO ‒ the Initial Coin Off ering ‒ beginning 30th of September, 2018

Growing the Tangle, R&D, community and eco system building by HelixFoundation

Final HelixTangle Beta-Testing scheduled for December, 2018

Launch of HLX, the fi rst Cognitive Cryptocurrency, successive listing on public exchange platforms

Development and launch of fi rst Use Case - the bio marketplace BEAMS

Potential acquisition of an AI and/or Engineering startup


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6.0 HELIX ROADMAP

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Appendix

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Preliminary remark:

HLX Tokens are neither structured nor sold as securities, fi -

nancial instruments or any other form of investment product.

Therefore, the information provided in this Appendix shall not

serve as basis for any investment decision. The Company is

not liable for any damage caused by reliance on any informa-

tion provided in this Appendix. The Company does not guaran-

tee the accuracy or completeness of the information provided.

HLX Tokens will not be sold to residents of, in particular,

Singapore, China, India and the United States due to legis-

lations surrounding circulation of tokens in these countries.

By purchasing, owning, and using HLX Tokens, you expressly

acknowledge and assume the following risks:

Risks Relating to Purchase, Sale, and Use of HLX Tokens

1. Risk of losing access to tokens

The HLX Wallet, as well as other token wallets, require a pri-

vate key in order to control and dispose the HLX Tokens sto-

red in it. It thus follows that a loss of the private key belonging

to the wallet will result in the loss of all HLX Tokens stored in

it. Besides, in case a third party gains access to such private

key, it may be able to steal the HLX Tokens stored in that

wallet. Any errors or malfunctions caused by the HLX Wallet,

or any other token wallet, to receive and store HLX Tokens,

including the Purchaserʼs own failure to properly maintain or

use such a wallet, may also result in the loss of HLX Tokens.

A loss of HLX Tokens may also be caused by the Purcha-

serʻs failure to follow the procedures set forth in the Token

Purchase Agreement for buying and receiving HLX Tokens,

for instance providing an incorrect token receipt address.

2. Risks associated with the HelixTangle

The HelixTangle constitutes the basis for the use of HLX To-

kens as well as for the HelixEcosystem. Thus, any technical

malfunction of the HelixTangle as well as any other nega-

tive eff ects on the HLX Tangle may also have negative ef-

fects on HLX Tokens and/or the HLX Ecosystem. Technolo-

gical progress could also pose a risk to the HLX Tokens and

the Ecosystem, especially to the Tangleʼs security system.

3. Risk of hacking attacks

Due to its underlying Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) techno-

logy, the operation of the HelixTangle does not require any

mining (i.e. creating blocks of validated transactions). Hence,

mining-related attacks such as double-spend attacks, ma-

jority mining power attacks und selfi sh-mining attacks are

not possible within the HelixTangle. However, also within the

HelixTangle there is the risk of so called “hashing-power at-

tacks” which may be run by hackers or other malicious groups.

Furthermore, the use of open-source software involves the

risk that a third party intentionally or unintentionally intro-

duces weaknesses into the infrastructure of the HelixTangle.

4. Risks associated with trading of

HLX Tokens/secondary markets

The Company does not off er any exchange or other platform

that facilitates secondary trading of HLX Tokens. If secon-

dary trading of HLX Tokens should be in the future off ered

by third-party exchanges, there are risks associated with

the use of these platforms, e.g. the risks of hacker attacks.

In addition, if HLX Tokens should be traded on third party

exchanges or other platforms, the value ascribed to HLX

Tokens may be extremely volatile and diminish to zero.

5. Risk of uninsured losses

Unless the Purchaser takes out private insurance to pro-

tect its HLX Tokens, its HLX Tokens are not insured

against any loss; in particular, there is no institution such

as the Deposit Protection Fund with regards to tokens.

6. Risks associated with state regulation

It is still unsettled whether tokens in general are subject to

state regulation in many jurisdictions worldwide. Even if it is

certain that tokens are not subject to state regulation in a

particular country, it is not certain that they will retain their

status in the future. Furthermore, it is diffi cult to predict how

or if regulatory authorities may apply existing regulation with

respect to tokens or its underlying technology. The adoption of

new legislation or other regulatory guidelines could negatively

impact the HelixEcosystem as well as HLX Tokens, for instan-

ce by limiting the freedom to purchase or sale HLX Tokens.



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7. Risks associated with tax liabilities

The tax treatment of tokens is uncertain in many juris-

dictions. Thus, personal tax advice in connection with

purchasing or selling HLX Tokens is urgently required.

8. Risk of competing ecosystems

As the HelixTangle and the HelixEcosystem are based on Open

Source code, there is the possibility that alternative ecosystems

will emerge using the same Open Source code. These new eco-

systems could compete with the HLX Ecosys-tem which may

negatively impact the HLX Ecosystem as well as HLX Tokens.

9. Risk of lack of acceptance of the

HLX Tangle/the HLX Ecosystem

Although distributed ledger technology recently gained

increasing public interest, there is a chance that this de-

velopment could reverse in the future. Furthermore, there

is the risk that the HelixTangle as well as the HelixEcosys-

tem will not be endorsed by a large number of users. Such

lack of use or interest could negatively impact the de-

velopment of the HLX Ecosystem as well as HLX Tokens.

10. Risks associated with the

development of the HelixTangle

As the HelixTangle is still under development,

it is possible that there will be a need for ma-

jor modifi cations of the source code, which may al-

ter the functionality and/or usability of the HelixTangle.

11. Risks associated with third partiesʼ

participation in the HelixEcosystem

The Company does not have any infl uence whether third par-

ties will use and sup-port the HelixEcosystem, what, if any,

services they will provide within the Ecosystem and whether

they will utilize HLX Tokens. There is the risk that services

of third parties are not adequately developed or maintained,

which may negatively impact the HelixEcosystem as a whole.

12. Risks arising from trademark disputes

The Company has applied for the registration of inter alia “He-

lix Cognitive Compu-ting” and “HLX Cognitive Crypto Curren-

cy” as EU trade marks. However, the Company is aware that

third parties may assert prior rights with respect to the term

“Helix”. Thus, it cannot be precluded that disputes with third

parties in this regard will arise in the future and that ultimate-

ly the Company will have to change its corporate name as well

as the name of its products and services. Such actions may

negatively impact the HelixEcosystem as well as HLX Tokens.

13. Risk of cessation of business/

dissolution of the HLX Ecosystem

As with any business operation, it is ultimately possible that

the Company will have to close down its business or that the

HelixEcosystem will no longer be supported by the commu-

nity. Such a development may be caused by a number of rea-

sons, such as the overall economic development, or a fall in

demand for applications of Distributed Ledger Technology.

14. Risks arising from lack of participation rights

As HLX Tokens do not confer any participations rights in the

Company, all busi-ness decisions of the Company will solely

be taken by the Companyʼs manage-ment. Possible business

decisions are, inter alia, to discontinue possible services in

the HelixEcosystem, or to sell or liquidate the Company. Such

business deci-sions taken by the Company could adversely

aff ect the HelixEcosystem and HLX Tokens.

15. Risks that cannot be anticipated

Due to its recent implementation, there is still a lack of ex-

perience concerning the long-term application of the HLX

Tangle. Therefore, in addition to the aforemen-tioned risks

there might be other risks associated with the purchase, pos-

session, and use of HLX Tokens, which cannot be anticipated

to date; this includes new risks as well as variations or com-

binations of the risks named in this Appendix.



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Brute-force computation ‒ An ineffi cient method for solving

problems by testing every possible solution within the prob-

lem space.

BEAMS ‒ A bio marketplace enabling the secure transmis-

sion and receipt of biological data. It is controlled by peers

and secured by their distributed computations.

Consensus mechanism ‒ Algorithm that determines the or-

dering of transactions in an adversarial environment (e.g. as-

suming not every participant is honest or trustworthy).

Decentralization ‒ An ethos marshalled in by the Age of

Cryptocurrency. Promotes the elimination of unnecessary

middlemen from the transfer of value between persons and

things.

Directed Acyclic Graph ‒ A special type of graph consisting

of „nodes“ connected to each other by directed „edges“. „Di-

rected“ refers to the idea that edges have directions (like a

street map). Acyclic means that it is not possible to walk from

a node X and return to X without going back on an previous

used „edge“ (e.g. no U-turns).

Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) ‒ A large database

consisting of synchronized digital records. Examples of re-

cords maintained by DLTs include monetary transactions

(e.g. Bitcoin Blockchain), titles and rights to intellectual pro-

perty, creative content, music, votes, healthcare records, and

other sensitive material.

HelixTangle ‒ A Peer-to-Peer, next generation DLT that relies

on a Directed Acyclic Graph as the underlying data structure,

and utilizes a trustless version of public consensus (e.g. Proof

of Work + Proof of Stake) to ensure the security of the ledger.

Ledger ‒ List of transactions bundled together in cryptogra-

phically linked ʻnodesʼ.

Mining Computers ‒ A network node in Blockchain based

DLTs that fi nds valid proof for a collection of transactions by

repeatedly doing the same operation over and over again.

Queue ‒ Nodes in the queue perform Proof-of-Work while

awaiting random selection to be a Coordinator node.

Peer-to-Peer Network ‒ Distributed application that ena-

bles workloads, resources, and values to be shared between

peers.

Proof of Work ‒ Data which requires signifi cant computation

to obtain. Off ering the data is like off ering perfect evidence

that a transaction is valid.

Proof of Stake ‒ Method of achieving consensus on the vali-

dation of transactions in a network. Nodes in the HelixTangle

put up collateral to enter into a queue. Nodes in the queue

perform Proof of Work while awaiting random selection to be

a Coordinator node.

Quantum Computers ‒ Theoretically possible computers that

will severely outpace modern computers once built. Crypto-

graphic algorithms based on one-way “trap-door” permuta-

tions such as RSA (Rivest‒Shamir‒Adleman) algorithms are

exploitable in the era of quantum computing (confer ‒ c.f.

Shorʼs algorithm).

Smart Contracts ‒ Applications that run on DLTs exactly as deter-

mined without the chance of downtime, censorship, fraud or inter-

ference. Smart contracts enjoy a wide range of use cases including

healthcare records, secured messaging, and business registries.

Figure 13. Centralized Network. Legacy applications.

Figure 14. Distributed network. Network still has centered nodes.

Figure 15. Decentralized, Distributed Network. HelixTangle. No central authority.

Key Terminology


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Acronyms

AI ‒ Artifi cial Intelligence

AML ‒ Anti-Money Laundering

BEAMS ‒ Bio Streams

DAG ‒ Directed Acyclic Graph

dApps ‒ Decentralized Applications

DLT ‒ Distributed Ledger Technology

DNA ‒ Deoxyribonucleic Acid

FAQ ‒ Frequently Asked Questions

G&A ‒ General And Administrative Expense

HTTP ‒ Hypertext Transfer Protocol

ICO ‒ Initial Coin Off ering

IoE ‒ Internet of Everything

IoT ‒ Internet of Things

KYC ‒ Know Your Customer

M2M - Machine-to-Machine

NGO ‒ Non-Governmental Organization

P2P ‒ Peer-to-Peer

PoW ‒ Proof of Work

R&D ‒ Research and Development

VM ‒ HelixVirtualMachine


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References

[1] TheCoinEconomy, (2017). IOTA, the Tangle, the future backbone of IoT. [Online] https://hackernoon.com/iota-the-Tangle-the-future-backbone-of-the-iot-e7e417d5d86b [Accessed April 03 2018]

[2] Popov, S. (2017). The Tangle Version 1.3 [Online] https://iota.org/IOTA_Whitepaper.pdf [Accessed April 03 2018]

[3] Github. (2018). Open Source Policy Examples and Templates [Online] https://github.com/todogroup/policies [Accessed April 03, 2018]

[4] Sheikh, S. (2007). The importance of ethics in health care system. J Dow Univ Health Sci.

[5] Mougayar, W. (2015). Startup Management, “A Decision Tree for Blockchain Applications: Problems, Opportunities or Capabilities?” [Online] http://startupmanagement.org/2015/11/30/a-decision-tree-for-blockchain- applications-problems-opportunities-or-capabilities/ [Accessed March 30 2018]

[6] World Bank Group. (2017). Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) and Blockchain [Online] https://bit.ly/2Ew6IpH. [Accessed March 30 2018]

[7] Heskett, J. (2017). Harvard Business School Working Knowledge, Do Bitcoin and Digital Currency Have a Future? [Online] https://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/do-bitcoin-and-digital-currency-have-a-future?cid=wk-rss

[8] Ball, M., Rosen, A., Manuel, S. and Nalini Vasudevan, P. (2017). Proofs of Useful Work. Cryptology ePrint Archive. [Online] https://eprint.iacr.org/2017/203.pdf [Accessed March 30 2018]

[9] Li, K. (2018). The History of Money & the Future of Bitcoin and the Cryptocurrency Economy. [Online] https://hackernoon.com/the-history-of-money-the-future-of-bitcoin-and-the-cryptocurrency-economy-5cc25e808275 [Accessed 14 June 2018]

[10] Fundstrat Global Advisors. (2018). Bitcoin and Blockchain: Upfront Summit Presentation. [Online] https://www.slideshare.net/msuster/fundstrat-bitcoin-blockchain-presentation-for-upfront-summit [Accessed 14 June 2018]

[11] Facebook IQ. (2016). Millennials + Money: The Unfi ltered Journey. [Online] https://www.facebook.com/iq/articles/millennials-money-the-unfi ltered-journey [Accessed 14 June 2018]

[12] He, D. (2018). Monetary Policy in the Digital Age. [Online] http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2018/06/central-bank-monetary-policy-and-cryptocurrencies/he.pdf [Accessed 14 June 2018]

[13] Desjardins, J. (2015). Explained: The Diff erences Between Electronic Money and Bitcoin. [Online] http://www.visualcapitalist.com/explained-the-diff erences-between-electronic-money-and-bitcoin/ [Accessed 15 June 2018]


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References

[14] Accenture. (2017). The (R)evolution of Money. [Online] https://www.accenture.com/t20171116T025715Z__w__/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-63/Accenture-Evolution-Money-Block chain-Digital-Currencies.pdf [Accessed 18 May 2018]

[15] Hileman, G. & Rauchs, M. (2017). GLOBAL BLOCKCHAIN BENCHMARKING STUDY. [Online] http://www.legalexecutiveinstitute.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/315-pm-Blockchain-Benchmarking-Study.pdf [Accessed 20 June 2018].

[16] Haran, N. (2017). Whatʼs keeping cryptocurrencies from mass adoption? [Online] https://techcrunch.com/2017/04/20/whats-keeping-cryptocurrencies-from-mass-adoption/ [Accessed 20 June 2018]

[17] Hassard, A. (2018). The world doesnʻt need a new Facebook, it needs a new internet. [Online] https://hackernoon.com/https-hackernoon-com-the-world-doesnt-need-a-new-facebook-it-needs-a-new-internet 5beb2cc6bbfa [Accessed 22 April 2018].

[18] Grider, D. & Pryor, W. (2018). Leveraging the Cryptoeconomic Machine. [Online] https://aenigma.capital/fi les/2017/10/Leveraging-the-Cryptoeconomic-Machine.pdf [Accessed 18 June 2018]

[19] Thellmann, P. (2018). How Blockchain is Banking the Unbanked. [Online] Available at: https://cointelegraph.com/news/how-blockchain-is-banking-the-unbanked [Accessed 09 June 2018]

[20] Savage, M. (2017). Why Sweden is close to becoming a cashless economy [Online] Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/business-41095004 [Accessed 25 June 2018]


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