Cody's Tourette's Syndrome Presentation

8/13/2019 Cody's Tourette's Syndrome Presentation

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Tourettes

SyndromeBy Cody Hawley


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What is Tourettes Syndrome

A chronic disorder that has both motor and vocal tics. It

is usually inherited, and starts between the ages of 6

and 10 years old. Tourettes syndrome tends to progress

and become most severe during puberty and thenstabilizes in adulthood.

(Postgraduate Medicine, 2000)


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How is it diagnosed?

Criteria according to the DSM-IV:1. Both multiple motor and one or more vocal tics have been

present at some time during the illness, although notnecessarily concurrently.

2. The tics occur many times a day (usually in bouts) nearlyeveryday or intermittently throughout a period of more than

one year, and during this period there was never a tic-freeperiod of more than three consecutive months.

3. The disturbance causes marked distress or significantimpairment in social, occupational, or other important areasof functioning.

4. The onset is before 18 years of age

5. The disturbance is not due to the direct physiological effectsof a substance (e.g. stimulants) or a general medicalcondition (e.g. Huntingtons disease or a post viralencephalitis)


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What are Tics?

Tics are any sudden, rapid, recurrent,nonrhythmic, involuntary actions or vocalizations.There are two types:

Motor tics

Vocal tics

Motor Tics:Any involuntary, rapid, suddenmovement (usually of muscles). There are bothsimple and complex motor tics.

Vocal Tics:Any involuntary, rapid, suddenvocalizations. They are any tics that involve the

larynx, tongue, throat, sinuses, or mouth. Thereare both simple and complex vocal tics.


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Motor Tics

Simple Tics

Are completelymeaningless and are

sometimes mistakenfor muscle spasms.They usually involveonly one muscle groupper tic. Examples:

Eye blinking, headswaying, foot tapping,

and shouldershrugging.

Complex Tics

Use more than onemuscle group and oftenappear to have a

purpose. Quite similarto the compulsions ofObsessive CompulsiveDisorder (OCD).Examples:

Pulling at clothes,punching, and kicking.

(http;au.geocities.com/

jones_kacm/tictypes.htm)


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Vocal Tics

Simple Tics

Are completely

meaningless andusually use onlyone muscle group.Examples:

Grunting,

snorting, clicking,coughing, andsniffing.

Complex Tics

Tics that are long

and intricate.Examples:

Barking, whistling,coprolalia,echolalia, and

palilalia.


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What is coprolalia, echolalia,

and palilalia? Coprolalia: Performing obscene or forbidden gestures.

Echolalia: The imitation of a series of movements thathave just been observed.

Palilalia: The repetition of any movement or behaviorthe person just performed.


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What causes the problem?

Tics seem to be related to an abnormaltransmission of messages from the brain. Theyhave been compared to an itch that cries out for ascratch or a sneeze that can be held in but feelsso much better when it is let out.

In quite a few cases, Tourettes is associated withother problems such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and depression.

Over 50% over people with Tourettes also haveADHD and 30-40% have OCD.

www.intelihealth.com


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How does the individual experience tics

and can the tics be suppressed?

Tics are involuntary, they will

eventually be released.

If tics are suppressedit depends on

the control of the individual for how

long it is suppressed. Most adults

report that their ability to modifyor suppress their tics improved as

they matured.


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Should we ask an individual to

suppress tics?

NO!!

The effort involved in suppressing the

tics will distract the individual fromwhatever else is going on that theyshould be paying attention to.

The effort spent in suppressing tics isstressful and can produce fatigueand/or irritability, and when the ticsare eventually released, they will bemore explosive.


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Working with students in the

classroom When someone who has Tourettes is totally

engrossed in something, the tics may stopaltogether. This is NOT a stressful form of

suppression. Soif they are ticcing a lot, and the teacher

waits until they stop ticcing to try and teach,they will probably continue ticcing

Butif the teacher ignores their tics, and

presents something novel and/or fascinatingtheir tics may stop as their neurochemistryshifts in response to the new situation oractivity.


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Should tics be pointed out to

the child?

Talking to children about their tics is likely to lead

to increased ticcing, particularly in the form of

vocal tics (Woods et al., 2000)

This doesnt mean it cant be talked about but any

conversation about tics is likely to increase ticcing

and may make the individual feel more self-

conscious.

(www.tourettesyndrome.net)


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References

Roane, H., Piazza, C., Cercone, J., &Grados, M., (2002). Assessment andtreatment of vocal tics associated withtourettes syndrome. Behavior

Modification, 26,482-498. www.postgradmed.com

www.intelihealth.com

www.tourettesyndrome.net http://au.geocities.com
http://www.postgradmed.com/http://www.intelihealth.com/http://www.tourettesyndrome.net/http://au.geocities.com/http://au.geocities.com/http://www.tourettesyndrome.net/http://www.intelihealth.com/http://www.postgradmed.com/

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Cody's Tourette's Syndrome Presentation