Codex-UK ´Gebrauchsgegenstände´ 3. Juni 2008 / BMGFJ

Renewable vs. Biodegradable

New materials for packaging technology

Michael Pitzlofi – Department Packaging

Titelformat bearbeitenAustrian Research Institute for Chemistry and Technology - ofiwww.ofi.at

CROPACK 2010

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An inconvient truth?

Source: www.youtube.com 2010-02-18

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Solution – Bioplastics?

Recent headlines:

Coca-Cola Co announced the selective global roll-out of

its new PET bottle made from up to 30 per cent plant materials such as sugar and molasses.

Bioserie iPhone® Case is really green!

Advertising slogan:Packaging without the guilt? Bioplastics

Source: www.plasticsnews.com 2010-02-17 www.ubergizmo.com 2010-02-22

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New materials?

Before 1940 approx. 80 % of commercially available biodegradable plastic and its monomers were discovered and described

1938 Polyethylen

In the 70s:• Oil crises (1973)

• Set point for further development

In the 80s:• Oil crises (1980) – pilot plants for bioplastics

• Oxodegrable products – inhibited the further development?

Source: NARAYAN R. et al. 1994www.n24.de 2010-02-17

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Definition of Bioplastic

Up to now not fixed (CEN/TC 249/WG 17 planed release 2010)

According to European Bioplastics:Plastic based on renewable resources

Biodegradable polymers which meet all criteria of scientifically recognized norms for biodegradability and compostability of plastics and plastic products (EU: EN 13432 / EN 14995, US: ASTM D-6400, ISO 17088).

NOT oxodegradable!

Source: www.european-bioplastics.org 2010-02-17

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Definition of Bioplastic

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Development of the market

Capacity 2009 400.000 t worldwide

Small market, but high growth rates up to 10 %

Source: www.european-bioplastics.org 2010-02-17

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Research > Development > Pilot Plant > Commercialization > World-scale Plant > Industrial production

State of development

Source: bioplastics Magazine 03/2007

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Biodegradable materials

In general 4 materials commercially available• Starch-based polymers

• Polylactic acid

• Polyhydroxyalkanoates

• Cellulose derivates

Chitosan?

Polymer blends and composites

Source: www.basf.com 2008-09-12YU L. et al. 2006

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Maize and/or potatoe starch in blend with polycaprolactones and other biodegradable esters

Europeas most common bioplastic

Starch-based polymersMater-Bi®

Source: www.novamont.com 2009-12-01

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Plantic®

Starch from maize and hydroxypropyl, Plantic Technologies (AUS)

Solanyl® Starch from potatoes, Rodenburg Biopolymers(NL)

Bioplast® Starch blend, Biotec (DE)

Biopar® Starch from potatoes and blends, Biop AG (D)

Similar to PE (converting)

Limited applications!

Starch-based polymersOthers

Source: www.plantic.com.au 2009-04-01

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Polylactic acid

Main producer: NatureWorks (US)

Other Producers: Hycail (FI), Toyota (J) and Uhde Inventa (D)

Glucose from maize or lactose from whey

Source: LIM L.-T. et al. 2008

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Ecovio®

45 % PLA + Ecoflex®, BASF (D)

Ecovio® L-Foam

75 % PLA + Ecoflex®, BASF (D)

Bio-Flex®

PLA + Copolyester, FKuR (D)

Similar to PET and/or PS (converting)

Sensitive to temperature!

Polylactic acid blends

Source: www.basf.com 2008-09-12YU L. et al. 2006

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Mirel™ Metabolix (US)

Biomer™ Biomer (D)Fermentation of starch, rape, plant residues, etc.

Only Injection Moulding!

PHB, PHV, PHBV, ...

Polyhydroxyalkanoates

Source: www.metabolix.com 2008-09-12

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NatureFlex™

Innovia (UK)

Cellulose derivates

Source: www.innoviafilms.com 2008-09-12

Barrier coatings!

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Thermal properties: Melting temperatureBiopolymers comparable with conventional plastics

Source: WEBER C. J. 2000

Comparision

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Oxygen transmission rateBiopolymers in the midfield

Source: WEBER C. J. 2000

Comparision

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Water vapour transmission rateBiopolymers in the midfield

Source: WEBER C. J. 2000

Comparision

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Transmission of UV-light

Comparision

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Food safety packaging material

Nearly all starting substances are listed

Migration values are below legal limits

No significant difference in microbial growth on packaging material

No desintegration during shelf life

Migrants from PLA are safe

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End of lifeComposting?

Source: WEBER C. J. 2000

End of life

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End of lifeCompsoting?

Source: ENDRES H.-J. 2009

End of life

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Michael PitzlE-Mail: michael.pitzl@ofi.at

Austrian Research Institute for Chemistry and Technology - ofi

Brehmstraße 14a

A-1110 Wien

+43-(0)1-798 16 01 - 597 +43-(0)1-798 16 01 - 480

THANK YOU!