6
USOO8926941B2 12) United States Patent 10) Patent N0.: U S B2 Jadhav (45) Date o f Patent: Jan. 6, 2015 (54) CAPTURE OF co2 FROM HYDROGEN 2203/0475 (2013.01); C01B 2203/06.? (71) (72) (73) (21) (22) (65) (60) (51) (52) PLANTS USING A TEMPERATURE SWING ADSORPTION METHOD Applicant: Raja A. J dhav, Benicia, C A US) Inventor: Raja A. J dhav, Benicia, CA US) Assignee: Chevron USA. nc., San Ramon, CA (113) Notice: Subject t o any disclaimer, the term of his patent i s extended or adjusted under 35 U.S.C. 154(b) b y 0 days. Appl. No.: 13/843,697 Filed: Mar. 15, 2013 Prior Publication Data US 2014/0186255 A1 Jul. 3, 2014 Related US. pplication Data Provisio nal application No. 61/747,778, ?led on Dec. 31, 2012. Int. Cl. C01B 3/24 (2006.01) COIB 31/20 (2006.01) COIB 3/38 (2006.01) B01D 53/04 (2006.01) COIB 3/50 (2006.01) US. Cl. CPC ............... . . COIB 31/20 (2013.01); COIB 3/382 (2013.01); B01D 53/0462 (2013.01); COIB 3/24 (2013.01); COIB 3/508(2013.01);C01B 3/38 (2013.01); C01B 2203/0233 (2013.01); C01B 2203/0244 (2013.01); C01B 2203/0288 (2013.01); C01B 2203/043 (2013.01); C01B (2013.01); C01B 2203/0827 (2013.01); C01B 2203/86 (2013.01); B01D 2253/102 (2013.01); B01D 2253/108 (2013.01); B01D 2253/116 (2013.01); B01D 2256/16 (2013.01); B01D 2257/504 (2013.01); B01D 2259/414 (2013.01) USPC ....................................................... .. 423/650 Field of Classi?cation Search CPC ....................................................... . . C01B 3/22 See application ?le for complete search history. (56) References Cited U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 6,301,873 B2* 10/2001 2005/0201929 A1* 9/2005 2008/0173585 A1 7/2008 2008/0176174 A1 7/2008 2010/0024476 A1 2/2010 2010/0080754 A1 4/2010 2010/0212495 A1 8/2010 2010/0251887 A1* 10/2010 Hannemann t a1. ...... . . 60/3912 Hershkowitz et a1. ...... . . 423/652 White et a1. White et a1. Shah Fischer et al. Gadkaree t a1. Jain ................................. .. 95/46 * cited b y examiner Primary Examiner * elvin C ayes Assistant Examiner enneth Vaden (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm * . Stephen Zavell (57) ABSTRACT The n v e n t i o n involves the use of a temperature swing adsorp tion process i n steam methane reforming o r autothermal reform ing HZ-production processes to capture CO2 and pro duce nearly pure off gas streams o f CO2 for sequestration or enhanced oil recovery (EOR). The ydrogen stream output i s substantially pure and can be recycled a s a fuel to the steam methane reformer fumace o r used i n other petroleum and petrochemical processes. 14 Claims, 1 Drawing Sheet H20, 112 112 gas 15 Steam f J m - 1 8 2 2 Shifted Sygas >+ SMR HRSG g HTSILTS jg N E 14 23 2 4 12 A ' 24 r‘\ r Air High—press £02 H 2 ngduci 33 35 ; TSA ,7, 2;; High~press CH4 \39

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USOO8926941B2

1 2 )

United States Patent

1 0 )

P a t e n t

N 0 . : U S

8 , 9 2 6 , 9 4 1

B2

Jadhav

( 4 5 ) Date o f

P a t e n t :

J a n . 6 , 2015

( 5 4 )

CAPTURE

OF

co2 FROM

HYDROGEN 2 2 0 3 / 0 4 7 5

( 2 0 1 3 . 0 1 ) ; C01B 2 2 0 3 / 0 6 . ?

( 7 1 )

( 7 2 )

( 7 3 )

( 2 1 )

( 2 2 )

( 6 5 )

( 6 0 )

( 5 1 )

( 5 2 )

PLANTS

USINGA TEMPERATURE

SWING

ADSORPTION

METHOD

A p p l i c a n t : R a j a A .

J d h a v ,

B e n i c i a , CA U S )

I n v e n t o r : R a j a A . J d h a v , B e n i c i a ,

CA

U S )

A s s i g n e e : Chevron USA. n c . , S a n Ramon, CA

( 1 1 3 )

N o t i c e :

S u b j e c t

t o a n y d i s c l a i m e r , t h e t e r m o f h i s

p a t e n t

i s

e x t e n d e d o r a d j u s t e d u n d e r 3 5

U . S . C . 1 5 4 ( b ) b y 0 d a y s .

A p p l .

N o . : 1 3 / 8 4 3 , 6 9 7

F i l e d :

Mar.

1 5 , 2 0 1 3

Prior P u b l i c a t i o n

Data

US

2014/0186255 A1 J u l . 3 ,

2014

R e l a t e d US. p p l i c a t i o n

Data

P r o v i s i on a l a p p l i c a t i o n

No. 6 1 / 7 4 7 , 7 7 8 , ? l e d

on

D e c .

3 1 , 2 0 1 2 .

I n t . C l .

C01B 3 / 2 4

( 2 0 0 6 . 0 1 )

COIB 3 1 / 2 0 ( 2 0 0 6 . 0 1 )

COIB 3 / 3 8 ( 2 0 0 6 . 0 1 )

B 0 1 D

5 3 / 0 4

( 2 0 0 6 . 0 1 )

COIB 3 / 5 0 ( 2 0 0 6 . 0 1 )

U S . C l .

CPC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . COIB

31/2 0

(2013.01); COIB 3/382

( 2 0 1 3 . 0 1 ) ; B01D 5 3 / 0 4 6 2 ( 2 0 1 3 . 0 1 ) ; COIB

3 / 2 4

( 2 0 1 3 . 0 1 ) ;

COIB 3 / 5 0 8 ( 2 0 1 3 . 0 1 ) ; C 0 1 B

3 / 3 8 ( 2 0 1 3 . 0 1 ) ; C01B 2 2 0 3 / 0 2 3 3 ( 2 0 1 3 . 0 1 ) ;

C01B 2 2 0 3 / 0 2 4 4

( 2 0 1 3 . 0 1 ) ; C01B

2 2 0 3 / 0 2 8 8

( 2 0 1 3 . 0 1 ) ; C01B

2 2 0 3 / 0 4 3

( 2 0 1 3 . 0 1 ) ; C01B

( 2 0 1 3 . 0 1 ) ; C01B 2 2 0 3 / 0 8 2 7 ( 2 0 1 3 . 0 1 ) ; C01B

2 2 0 3 / 8 6 ( 2 0 1 3 . 0 1 ) ; B01D 2 2 5 3 / 1 0 2 ( 2 0 1 3 . 0 1 ) ;

B 0 1 D

2 2 5 3 / 1 0 8

( 2 0 1 3 . 0 1 ) ;

B 0 1 D

2 2 5 3 / 1 1 6

( 2 0 1 3 . 0 1 ) ;

B01D 2 2 5 6 / 1 6 ( 2 0 1 3 . 0 1 ) ; B01D

2 2 5 7 / 5 0 4

( 2 0 1 3 . 0 1 ) ;

B01D 2 2 5 9 / 4 1 4

( 2 0 1 3 . 0 1 )

USPC

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. 423/650

( 5 8 )

F i e l d

o f C l a s s i ? c a t i o n S e a r c h

CPC

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. .

C01B

3/22

S e e

a p p l i c a t i o n

? l e f o r c o m p l e t e

s e a r c h h i s t o r y .

( 5 6 )

R e f e r e n c e s C i t e d

U . S . PATENT DOCUMENTS

6 , 3 0 1 , 8 7 3 B2*

1 0 / 2 0 0 1

2005/0201929 A1* 9 / 2 0 0 5

2008/0173585 A1 7 / 2 0 0 8

2008/0176174 A1 7 / 2 0 0 8

2010/0024476 A1 2 / 2 0 1 0

2010/0080754 A1

4 / 2 0 1 0

2010/0212495

A1

8 / 2 0 1 0

2010/0251887 A1* 1 0 / 2 0 1 0

Hannemann t

a 1 .

. . . . . . . . 60/3912

Hershkowitz et a 1 .

. . . . . .

. . 423/652

White

e t

a 1 .

White

e t

a 1 .

Shah

F i s c h e r e t a l .

Gadkaree

t a 1 .

Jain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 95/46

*

c i t e d by

examiner

Primary

Examiner * elvin

C

ayes

Assistant

Examiner ennethVaden

( 7 4 ) A t t o r n e y , A g e n t , o r Firm* . Stephen

Z a v e l l

( 5 7 ) ABSTRACT

The n v e n t i o n i n v o l v e s

t h e

u s e

o f

a

t e m p e r a t u r e s w i n g a d s o r p

t i o n

p r o c e s s

i n steam methane r e f o r m i n g o r

a u t o t h e r m a l

r e f o r m i n g H Z - p r o d u c t i o n p r o c e s s e s t o c a p t u r e

CO2 a n d

p r o

d u c e n e a r l y p u r e o f f

g a s s t r e a m s

o f CO2 f o r s e q u e s t r a t i o n o r

e n h a n c e d

o i l

r e c o v e r y

( E O R ) .

The

y d r o g e n

s t r e a m

o u t p u t

i s

s u b s t a n t i a l l y pure and can be r e c y c l e d

a s

a

f u e l t o

t h e steam

methane

r e f o r m e r

fumace o r u s e d i n o t h e r p e t r o l e u m

and

p e t r o c h e m i c a l

p r o c e s s e s .

1 4 C l a i m s , 1 Drawing S h e e t

H 2 0 ,

1 1 2 1 1 2 g a s

1 5

S t e a m

f

J

m -

1 8 2 2

S h i f t e d

Sygas

>+

S M R

H R S G

g

H T S I L T S jg

N E 1 4 2 3 2 4

12 A

'

24

r ‘ \

r

A i r H i g h — p r e s s £ 0 2

H 2

n g d u c i

3 3 3 5 ;

TSA

,7,

2 ; ;

H i g h ~ p r e s s C H 4

\39

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US

8 , 9 2 6 , 9 4 1

B2

1

CAPTURE OF O2

FROM

HYDROGEN

PLANTS

USING

A TEMPERATURE SWING

ADSORPTION METHOD

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED

APPLICATIONS

T h i s a p p l i c a t i o n c l a i m s

b e n e ? t

u n d e r

3 5

USC

1 9 o f

US.

P r o v i s i o n a l P a t e n t A p p l i c a t i o n N o . 6 1 / 7 4 7 , 7 7 8 w i t h a ? l i n g

d a t e o f D e c . 3 1 , 2 0 1 2 . I n

a d d i t i o n ,

a p p l i c a t i o n S e r . N o .

6 1 / 7 4 7 , 7 4 6 ,

? l e d on e c . 3 1 , 2012 s a l s o

i n c o r p o r a t e d h e r e i n

by r e f e r e n c e f o r

a l l p u r p o s e s .

FIELD

OF THE INVENTION

The i n v e n t i o n r e l a t e s t o

t h e

? e l d o f c a p t u r i n g C O 2 from

a

h y d r o g e n

p l a n t a n d

i n p a r t i c u l a r c a p t u r i n g

CO2 f r o m

a p r o

c e s s

t h a t

produces

hydrogen f o r

use

a s

a

f u e l

o r

i n

petroleum

o p e r a t i o n s .

BACKGROUND OF THE

INVENTION

S t e a m

m e t h a n e r e f o r m e r

(SMR)

p l a n t s a r e

w i d e l y

e m p l o y e d

i n

r e ? n e r i e s

t o

s u p p l y

H2

r e q u i r e d

f o r

v a r i o u s

o p e r a t i o n s . A a r g e a m o u n t o f CO2 i s e m i t t e d

f r o m

t h e s e

p l a n t s . I n o l d e r s t y l e SMR l a n t s , t h e

CO2

s r e m o v e d f r o m

t h e syngas using a s o l v e n t - b a s e d p r o c e s s such a s an aMDEA

( a c t i v a t e d

m e t h y l d i e t h a n o l a m i n e ) . T h i s

i s

a w e t r e m o v a l

p r o c e s s a n d

r e q u i r e s r e p l e n i s h m e n t o f t h e medium o v e r t i m e .

I n more r e c e n t s t y l e SMR l a n t s , p r e s s u r e s w i n g a d s o r p t i o n

( P S A )

u n i t s a r e

employed t o p u r i f y t h e H 2

s t r e a m .

I n

b o t h

t h e s e u n i t s , a

l a r g e

amount

o f

CO2 a t

low c o n c e n t r a t i o n and

p r e s s u r e i s

e m i t t e d

f r o m

t h e SMR

u r n a c e . C a p t u r e

o f t h i s

CO2

s i n g

a p o s t - c o m b u s t i o n a m i n e p r o c e s s

t e c h n o l o g y

s u c h

a s MEA

m o n o e t h a n o l a m i n e ) i s e x p e n s i v e .

Auto h e r m a l r e f o r m e r (ATR)

n i t s

m a y e u s e d t o p r o d u c e

CO2 r e e H2 s t r e a m

a t

r e d u c e d

c o s t s . C o n v e n t i o n a l l y ,

t h e CO2

i s

removed by u s i n g

a

s o l v e n t - b a s e d p r o c e s s s i m i l a r t o t h o s e

p r o c e s s e s

u s e d

i n

o l d e r

s t y l e SMR l a n t s .

P u r i t y

o f

t h e

H2

p r o d u c t , h o w e v e r , i s lowiabout

— 9 6

mol % s t h e p r o d u c t

s t r e a m

c o n t a i n s

u n c o n v e r t e d C H4

n d o t h e r

i m p u r i t i e s , s u c h

a s N 2 , A r ,

which

r e m a i n w i t h t h e H 2 .

The H2 p r o d u c t

c a n b e

f u r t h e r p u r i ? e d

w i t h

a PSA s y s t e m , h o w e v e r , t h e

p u r g e

g a s

r e s u l t s

i n a l o s s o f v a l u a b l e H 2 a n d

C H4

c o m p o n e n t s .

One

e c e n t a p p r o a c h , US 0 1 0 / 0 0 8 0 7 5 4 , t e a c h e s a method

t o e l i m i n a t e t h e

CO2 e m i s s i o n s

f r o m t h e

SMR

l a n t s b y

s e n d i n g

t h e

PSA

f f g a s t o t h e

SMR

s a f e e d .

The

PSA ed

i s r e g e n e r a t e d u s i n g h i g h p r e s s u r e ( P ) a n d h i g h t e m p e r a t u r e

( T ) n a t u r a l g a s and

steam and h e o f f

g a s i s s e n t

t o t h e

SMR s

a

h i g h

p r e s s u r e f e e d . The SMR u r n a c e i s f u e l e d by p u r e H2

p r o d u c t .

SUMMARY

OF THE INVENTION

A r o c e s s and a p p a r a t u s i s d e s c r i b e d which r e d u c e s

t h e

CO2 e m i s s i o n s

f r o m

t h e SMR

n d

ATR l a n t s

w h i l e

p r o d u c

i n g

h i g h p u r i t y H 2

p r o d u c t . M o r e

s p e c i ? c a l l y ,

t h e i n v e n t i o n

u s e s two d i f f e r e n t t y p e s

of b s o r b e n t

beds with a

? r s t

s e t

of

b e d s

d e s i g n e d

t o c a p t u r e C O 2 and

a

s e c o n d s e t o f b e d s

d e s i g n e d t o c a p t u r e t h e

o t h e r

i m p u r i t i e s i n t h e

g a s

s t r e a m ,

s u c h a s

C H 4 , CO n d

N 2 , w h e r e b y

a

h i g h e r

p u r i t y

H2 s t r e a m

i s p r o d u c e d

( > 9 8

v o l . %

nd more

e n e ? c i a l l y

99+

o l . %

p

t o 9 9 . 9 v o l .

. ) .

B R IE F

DESCRIPTION

OF THE

DRAWINGS

F I G .

1

i s

a

s i m p l i ? e d

p r o c e s s

s c h e m a t i c o f

t h e

SMR

r o

c e s s of h e

i n v e n t i o n .

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

6 5

2

F I G .

2 i s a s i m p l i ? e d p r o c e s s s c h e m a t i c

of

h e TSA r o c e s s

o f

t h e i n v e n t i o n .

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

INCLUDINGPREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The r o c e s s

e l i m i n a t e s

o r

r e d u c e s

t h e C O 2

m i s s i o n s

from

a n

SMR

and a n

ATR l a n t w h i l e p r o d u c i n g

a

h i g h p u r i t y

h y d r o g e n p r o d u c t .

I t

m a y l s o

?nd

s e i n anATR

l a n t .

I n t h i s

p r o c e s s , two d i f f e r e n t t y p e s of a b s o r b e n t beds a r e usedia

“ ? r s t ”

s e t o f b e d s

c a p t u r e s CO2

and

a

“ s e c o n d ” s e t of b e d s

c a p t u r e s a d d i t i o n a l i m p u r i t i e s i n t h e s y n t h e s i s g a s s t r e a m ,

s u c h a s m e t h a n e , c a r b o n monoxide and C02. When

h e s e

two

b e d s a x e

a r r a n g e d

i n a s e r i e s , a

H 2 p r o d u c t

o f >995 mol

p u r i t y

i s

o b t a i n e d . Some o f t h e b e n e ? t s o f t h e p r o c e s s areia

s t r e a m which

s

n e a r l y

100

p u r e

CO2

s r e c o v e r e d a t

h i g h

p r e s s u r e r e a d y f o r c o m p r e s s i o n a n d s e q u e s t r a t i o n o r l i q u e

f a c t i o n a n d t h e

C H 4

n t h e s y n t h e si s

g a s s t r e a m

i s

r e c y c l e d

a s

a f e e d t o t h e

r e f o r m e r

a t

high r e s s u r e

t o f u r t h e r enhance

t h e

o v e r a l l

e f ? c i e n c y

o f t h e p r o c e s s . Both t h e “ ? r s t ”

a n d

“ s e c

o n d ” b e d s a r e

o p e r a t e d i n a t e m p e r a t u r e

s w i n g

a d s o r p t i o n

mode

o

a c h i e v e t h e s e r e s u l t s . S u i t a b l e t e m p e r a t u r e s f o r

tem

p e r a t u r e

s w i n g

a d s o r p t i o n

a r e

from

b o u t

2 0 °

C .

t o

a b o u t 4 0 0 °

C . and p r e f e r a b l y from

a b o u t 4 0 °

C .

t o a b o u t 3 0 0 °

C . and

p r e s s u r e f r o m

a b o u t 1 5 0

p s i t o

a b o u t

6 0 0 p s i a n d p r e f e r a b l y

a b o u t

3 0 0 p s i

t o a b o u t 5 0 0 p s i .

P r e f e r r e d

c y c l e t i m e f o r

t h e

TSA

s

a f u n c t i o n o f t h e o v e r a l l p l a n t o p e r a t i o n s a n d d e s i r e d

p u r i t y o f

H 2 .

The ? r s t s e t

o f

b e d s

i s

composed o f a d s o r b e n t s which

s e l e c t i v e l y

a d s o r b s C02. S u i t a b l e

a d s o r b e n t s

a r e a c t i v a t e d

carbon o r carbon molecular

s i e v e ,

which r e

o b t a i n a b l e

from

s u c h

companies

s Ceca/Arkema and i c a Carbon s n o t e d i n

t h e P a t e n t A p p l i c a t i o n US 0 1 0 / 0 0 8 0 7 5 4 . O t h e r s u i t a b l e

a c t i

v a t e d c a r b o n s a x e

BPL from

Calgon o r p o r a t i o n a n d NovaC

a r b s e r i e s from

Mast

Carbon n t e r n a t i o n a l . The d s o r b e n t can

be us ed

i n

a g r a n u l a r form

a s

w e l l

a s

a s t r u c t u r e d bed f o r m .

The

s e c o n d

s e t

o f

b e d s i s

composed

o f

an a d s o r b e n t which s

h i g h l y

s e l e c t i v e f o r

t h e

a d s o r p t i o n

o f

t h e

m e t h a n e , c a r b o n

m o n o x i d e ,

n i t r o g e n

a n d

a r g o n

i m p u r i t i e s . A u i t a b l e a d s o r

b e n t i s a z e o l i t e , such

a s

5

A

olecular

s i e v e s .

A d d i t i o n a l

s h a p e d

z e o l i t e s have t h e 4 A;

o r

1 3 > < s t r u c t u r e s ,

o r

combina

t i o n s o f

4

A;

5

A;

and

x .

Both

h e ? r s t

and e c o n d

s e t

o f b e d s

h a s p r o c e s s

c o n d i t i o n s which a r e s e l e c t e d

t o

minimize t h e

a d s o r p t i o n

o f

h y d r o g e n

i n e a c h

b e d .

T h e t e m p e r a t u r e s w i n g a d s o r p t i o n ( T S A ) a p p a r a t u s , i . e . ,

r e a c t o r , i s s i z e d f o r t h e

volume

o f h y d r o g e n

t o

b e

p r o c e s s e d .

The

c y c l e t i m e

i s

a f u n c t i o n

o f

t h e amount o f

CO2

and o t h e r

i m p u r i t i e s i n t h e

g a s

s t r e a m .

The e n e r a l p r o c e s s

w i l l

b e i l l u s t r a t e d by e f e r e n c e t o F I G .

1 .

N a t u r a l g a s

1 2 and t e a m 1 0 a t p r e s s u r e s

from b o u t

1 5 0 p s i

t o a b o u t

6 0 0 p s i

a n d p r e f e r a b l y a b o u t

3 0 0 p s i t o

a b o u t

5 0 0

p s i

i s r e a c t e d i n

t h e

steam methane r e f o r m e r 14 t o

produce a

s y n t h e s i s

g a s c o n s i s t i n g o f

h y d r o g e n ,

c a r b o n

m o n o x i d e ,

CO2

a n d

u n r e a c t e d

m e t h a n e ,

CH

a n d

H20.

(CH4 a n d

HZOsCOz+H2).

T h e r e f o r m e d g a s c o n t a i n i n g

h y d r o g e n

i s

p a s s e d

t o t h e HRSG

h e a t

r e c o v e r y s t e a m g e n e r a t o r ) v i a l i n e

1 8 .

The

c a r b o n

monoxide i s

c o n v e r t e d i n t o H2 u s i n g a h i g h

t e m p e r a t u r e w a t e r

g a s s h i f t r e a c t i o n ( C O + H Z O s C O 2 H 2 ) . A

low t e m p e r a t u r e water g a s

s h i f t

m a y

a l s o be used o

c o n v e r t

r e m a i n i n g C O

i n t o

h y d r o g e n .

A

i g h

t e m p e r a t u r e

r e a c t i o n

o c c u r s a t

from about

350°

C . t o

about 500°

C . The low

temperature

water

g a s s h i f t o c c u r s

a t

a temperature from

a b o u t 1 8 0 °

C .

t o a b o u t 250° C . The h i f t e d s y n t h e s i s

g a s

26 s

f e d i n t o a t e m p e r a t u r e s w i n g a d s o r p t i o n

u n i t

2 8 v i a 2 6 . A

s u b s t a n t i a l l y p u r e u p w a r d s

o f

9 9 . 5 v o l % y d r o g e n p r o d u c t

e x i t s

t h e TSA i a

l i n e

3 2 .

O p t i o n a l l y some o f

t h e

h y d r o g e n

can be

r e c y c l e d

v i a l i n e 34 i n t o t h e steam methane r e f o r m e r

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US

8 , 9 2 6 , 9 4 1

B2

3

f u r n a c e

a s a f u e l a l o n g with h e i n t r o d u c t i o n o f a i r i l l u s t r a t e d

a s 3 8 . Upon c y c l i n g o f t h e TSA, a s u b s t a n t i a l l y p u r e h i g h

p r e s s u r e

CO2 s t r e a m 36 e x i t s t h e TSA t

p r e s s u r e s

150 s i t o

a b o u t 600 p s i and

t e m p e r a t u r e s from

a b o u t

3 0 °

C . t o a b o u t

3 0 0 °

C .

a n d

s u i t a b l e

?ow r a t e s . Remaining h i g h

p r e s s u r e

methane a t a p r e s s u r e of a b o u t 150

p s i

t o 600

p s i

and tem

p e r a t u r e a b o u t 1 0 0 ° C .

t o

a b o u t

3 0 0 °

C . i s r e c y c l e d v i a

l i n e

30

w i t h new makeup n a t u r a l g a s 1 2 t o t h e SMR n i t

1 4 .

The

s i Z i n g and c y c l i n g t i m e s f o r

t h e

TSA s

a

f u n c t i o n o f

t h e

volume

o f g a s

t o

b e p r o d u c e d .

T h e

p a r t i c u l a r p r o c e s s f o r t h e t e m p e r a t u r e s w i n g a d s o r p

t i o n u n i t

2 8 i s more c l e a r l y i l l u s t r a t e d by r e f e r r i n g t o F I G .

2

where h e

TSA

n i t 28 s

i l l u s t r a t e d

a s 200 n F I G . 2 . The

TSA

u n i t

200

a s a ? r s t s e c t i o n where h e s h i f t e d

s y n g a s

202 n t e r s

t h e ? r s t

s e r i e s o f b e d s 2 0 2 a , 2 0 2 b ,

2 0 2 0 , 202dand 0 2 e . Upon

p r o c e s s i n g ,

t h e

g a s

l e a v e s t h e

? r s t

bed 202a i a l i n e

212

o t h e

s e c o n d s e t o f b e d s 2 4 0 1 1 t h r o u g h 240e i n t h e s e c o n d s e c t i o n

and e x i t s t h e TSA n i t a s a s u b s t a n t i a l l y p u r e ?b p r o d u c t v i a

l i n e s 2 2 2

and

2 4 .

S u b s t a n t i a l l y

p u r e

H2 s meant o

b e

g r e a t e r

t h a n

98

r e f e r a b l y

g r e a t e r

t h a n 99.5 H2

w i t h b a l a n c e t o

100 o f a n y s p e c i e s t h a t p e r m i t s t h e u s e o f t h e H2 e l s e w h e r e

i n

t h e r e ? n e r y .

The

r o c e s s

a d v a n c e s

a c c o r d i n g

t o

a s u b s t a n

t i a l l y

? v e - s t e p p r o c e d u r e

w h e r e t h e

s h i f t e d

s y n g a s 2 0 2

i s f e d

t o a

? r s t

s e c t i o n 2 0 2 1 1 which

e l e c t i v e l y a d s o r b s CO2 from

h e

s y n g a s .

T h e r e m a i n i n g c o m p o n e n t s

H 2 ,

C H 4 ,

CO,

a n d

N2

r e

s e n t

t o

t h e

second s e c t i o n

o f t h e

bed

c o n t a i n i n g a s u i t a b l e

a d s o r b e n t .

The s a t u r a t e d

? r s t

bed now c o n s i s t s o f c a p t u r e d

CO2 p l u s s y n g a s

r e m a i n i n g

w i t h i n t h e b e d v o i d s . T h e

g a s e s

r e m a i n i n g

i n t h e

v o i d

s p a c e a s w e l l

a s c o - a d s o r b e d w i t h

C O 2

on

t h e adsorbent s u r f a c e a r e removed i n a r i n s e

s t e p

( i . e . , a

h e a v y

r e ? u x s t e p ) i n w h i c h c o l d a n d p u r e CO2 t

h i g h

p r e s

s u r e i s s e n t t o t h e bed

a t

t e m p e r a t u r e s i n t h e range

of 2 0 °

C . - 1 0 0 ° C .

p r e f e r a b l y i n t h e

r a n g e 4 0 °

C . - 7 0 °

C . The

h i g h

p u r i t y

CO2

n e e d e d

f o r t h i s

s t e p ( w i t h > 9 5 m o l

% O2

c o n

c e n t r a t i o n ) i s

t a k e n

f r o m a p o r t i o n

o f

h e p r o d u c t

CO2

t r e a m .

S i n c e

t h e c o n c e n t r a t i o n

o f CO2

n t h e

r i n s e

s t e p i s

h i g h e r t h a n

t h a t

i n t h e

f e e d

s t r e a m , t h e

CO2

i n

t h i s

s t e p

d i s p l a c e s t h e

c o - a d s o r b e d

c o m p o n e n t s

s u c h

a s CO, C H 4 ,

N2

a n d H2 f r o m

t h e

a d s o r b e n t

and

t h e s e

components a r e “ r i n s e d ” o u t of h e

b e d . T h i s p r o d u c t g a s , w h i c h c o n t a i n s CO, C H 4 , N 2 ,

a n d

H2

and s m a l l

amount

of C02,

i s r e c y c l e d

a s

a f e e d

t o

t h e ? r s t

s e c t i o n .

A l t e r n a t i v e l y ,

t h i s

p r o d u c t

g a s c o u l d

b e mixed

w i t h

t h e

f e e d g a s g o i n g

i n t o

bed 2 4 0 1 1 i n

t h e

s e c o n d s e c t i o n . As

a n o t h e r

a l t e r n a t i v e , t h i s p r o d u c t

g a s

c o u l d be

used s a

f u e l f o r

h e a t e r s and b o i l e r s .

T h e r e a f t e r , t h e b e d now s a t u r a t e d w i t h CO2 s r e g e n e r a t e d

b y s e n d i n g

p u r e

a n d h o t CO2 o f t e m p e r a t u r e i n t h e r a n g e o f

1 0 0 ° C . - 3 5 0 ° C . and r e s s u r e i n t h e r a n g e

1 5 0

p s i - 6 0 0 p s i t o

t h e

b e d . At

t h e h i g h

t e m p e r a t u r e

o f

a b o u t

1 0 0 ° C . - 3 5 0 °

C . ,

CO2

s r e l e a s e d

from h e bed and w e p t o u t a t

h i g h p r e s s u r e

o f

f r o m a b o u t 1 5 0 p s i t o

a b o u t

6 0 0 p s i .

The

bed

c a n

a l s o b e h e a t e d

by

a p p l y i n g s u f ? c i e n t v o l t a g e

a c r o s s t h e bed

o

p r o v i d e r e s i s t i v e h e a t i n g , i n a p r o c e s s

known

a s e l e c t r i c s w i n g a d s o r p t i o n ( E S A ) . As a n o t h e r a l t e r n a t i v e ,

t h e bed a n

b e h e a t e d

by

a p p l y i n g h e a t

e x t e r n a l l y t o t h e b e d ,

f o r example by

a

h e a t e d j a c k e t

o r o v e n .

A o m b i n a t i o n

o f

t h e s e

t e c h n i q u e s c o u l d a l s o be u s e d t o

h e a t

t h e

s o r b e n t

s t r u c

t u r e . The o t bed now o n t a i n s a s m a l l amount

of CO2

hich

i s

r e m o v e d b y s e n d i n g

a

h o t H 2 a n d CH4

s t r e a m

p r o d u c t

o f

S t e p 4 , o f t h e s e c o n d s e c t i o n i n t o t h e b e d .

The g a s now e x i t s from

bed

202d c o n t a i n s p r i m a r i l y

H 2 ,

CH4,

CO2

which

h e r e a f t e r c o o l i n g

t o

a b o u t 4 0 °

C . t o

a b o u t

70° C . i s r e c y c l e d a s a f e e d

t o

t h e

? r s t

s e c t i o n o f t h e

TSA

h u s

e n h a n c i n g

t h e o v e ra l l

r e c o v e r y o f

C O 2 . I n t h e ? r s t s e c t i o n , t h e

b e d

202d

s now a t u r a t e d w i t h h o t H2 n d C H4 c c u p y i n g t h e

v o i d

s p a c e , w h i c h

i s c o o l e d i n S t e p 5

b y

u s i n g p a r t o f t h e

H2

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

6 5

4

p r o d u c t . T h e h o t H2

a n d

CH4 s t r e a m

e x i t i n g

t h e

b e d

2 0 2 e i s

s e n t a s a f e e d t o bed 202d n S t e p 4 , and h e bed

s

now

e a d y

t o

b e g i n

a g a i n .

The

p r o c e s s e d

g a s

from t h e ? r s t s e c t i o n ?ows i n t o t h e

a d s o r b e n t b e d i n t h e

s e c o n d

s e c t i o n . A l l t h e i m p u r i t i e s

C H 4 ,

CO2 a n d N2

a r e

c a p t u r e d

a n d n e a r l y

p u r e H2 i s o b t a i n e d .

A

p o r t i o n

o f t h e p r o d u c t H 2 i s u s e d

a s

a f u e l t o t h e s t e a m

methane r e f o r m e r .

I n

t h e s e c o n d s e c t i o n , i n S t e p

2 ,

t h e v o i d

g a s

i n t h e bed

s

removed by r i n s e

s t e p i n

which o l d and

u r e

C H 4 r n a t u r a l

g a s

a t h i g h

p r e s s u r e

i s

s e n t

t o

t h e b e d . The

i m p u r i t i e s

i n t h e

void

s p a c e

t h a t

a r e r i n s e d

away

a r e

adsorbed i n

t h e

unspent

s e c t i o n o f h e bed

n d

p u r e H2 s o b t a i n e d .

T h e r e a f t e r ,

t h e bed

now s a t u r a t e d w i t h

i m p u r i t i e s

i s r e g e n e r a t e d

b y s e n d i n g

p u r e

h o t

C H 4 o r n a t u r a l

g a s

a t

h i g h

p r e s s u r e . The bed

can

a l s o

be

h e a t e d by a p p l y i n g s u ? i c i e n t v o l t a g e a c r o s s t h e bed o p r o

v i d e

r e s i s t i v e

h e a t i n g , i n a p r o c e s s

known a s e l e c t r i c

swing

a d s o r p t i o n ( E S A ) . As a n o t h e r

a l t e r n a t i v e ,

t h e bed c a n b e

h e a t e d

b y

a p p l y i n g h e a t e x t e r n a l l y t o

t h e

b e d , f o r e x a m p l e b y

a

h e a t e d j a c k e t o r

o v e n .

A

combination of h e s e t e c h n i q u e s

c o u l d a l s o be u s e d t o h e a t t h e

s o r b e n t

s t r u c t u r e .

At

t h e

h i g h

t e m p e r a t u r e

o f

a b o u t 1 0 0 ° C . t o a b o u t

3 5 0 °

C . , t h e C H 4

a n d

o t h e r i m p u r i t i e s a r e r e l e a s e d

from

t h e

bed and

s w e p t o u t

a t

high p r e s s u r e . The

s t r e a m c o n t a i n s

a s u b s t a n t i a l amount of

CH4

and i s s e n t a s a feed t o t h e r e f o r m e r . The h o t bed

now

c o n t a i n s a

s m a l l

amount o f

C H4

which

s

removed by s e n d i n g

a h o t H 2 g a s s t r e a m

t o

t h e b e d . The

e x i t

g a s

now

o n t a i n s

p r i m a r i l y

H 2

and C H 4 which s s e n t a s a

f e e d

t o s t e p 4 , i n t h e

? r s t s e c t i o n v i a l i n e 2 3 0 .

F i n a l l y ,

t h e bed 240e i n t h e

s e c o n d

s e c t i o n

mat

s

now

s a t u r a t e d

w i t h h o t

H 2 o c c u p y i n g

t h e

v o i d

s p a c e i s

c o o l e d t o

a b o u t 3 0 °

C .

t o

a b o u t 7 0 °

C .

u s i n g pan

f

h e

H 2 r o d u c t .

The

o t H 2 g a s

s t r e a m e x i t i n g

t h e b e d

i s s e n t

t o a

f e e d o f S t e p

4 , a n d

t h e b e d i s now e a d y

f o r

t h e p r o c e s s o f S t e p

1

a g a i n .

F i v e

o r

more beds

n p a r a l l e l a r e

used o c a r r y o u t t h e

c y c l i c TSA r o c e s s

i n

a continuous

manner.

I n

a n o t h e r embodiment, p a r t o f h e

g a s

s t r e a m

coming u t

of h e

? r s t

s e c t i o n from 202d i s

s e n t a s

a f u e l t o t h e steam

methane

reformer

fumace

a f t e r

energy

r e c o v e r y

i n

an

e x p a n d e r . The

a d v a n t a g e i s a l e s s complex p r o c e s s a t t h e

e x p e n s e

o f r e l e a s e o f some C O 2 n t h e fumace e x h a u s t g a s e s .

I n t h e

a b o v e d e s c r i p t i o n , c o l d t e m p e r a t u r e c o r r e s p o n d s t o

a b o u t 3 0 °

C .

t o 7 0 °

C .

whereas o t

t e m p e r a t u r e s

i s a b o u t 1 0 0 °

C .

t o

350° C .

and

h e p r e s s u r e s t r e a m s a r e

from

150 s i t o

600

p s i .

I n g e n e r a l , t h e

c h o i c e

o f

t h e

a d s o r b e n t

u s e d i n t h e b e d s i n

t h e ? r s t and s e c o n d

s e c t i o n

d e p e n d s

on t h e

t e m p e r a t u r e

and

p r e s s u r e c o n d i t i o n s a s w e l l a s

t h e

t y p e and amount

of

t h e

component o be removed from h e

g a s

s t r e a m .

The

d s o r b e n t

c a n b e s e l e c t e d f r o m z e o l i t e s , m o l e c u l a r

s i e v e s ,

s i l i c a g e l ,

a c t i v a t e d

a l u m i n a , a c t i v a t e d

c a r b o n

o r

c a r b o n

m o l e c u l a r

s i e v e s .

More h a n one y p e of b s o r b e n t may e used n a b e d .

As n e x a m p l e ,

US.

a t . N o . 4 , 1 7 1 , 2 0 6

s u g g e s t e d

u s i n g BPL

a c t i v a t e d

carbon o r

MSC-V

carbon

i n

t h e

? r s t

s e c t i o n

t o

remove COz; whereas a combination

o f

BPL arbon and 5

A

m o l e c u l a r s i e v e

z e o l i t e i n t h e

second

s e c t i o n t o remove p r i

m a r i l y

CH2 a n d CO a n d p r o d u c e h i g h - p u r i t y

H 2 p r o d u c t

stream.

EXAMPLE

An e x a m p l e , w i t h o t h e r v a r i a t i o n s p o s s i b l e w i t h i n t h e

s c o p e o f h e i n v e n t i o n , i s g i v e n b e l o w f o r p r o d u c i n g H2 w h i l e

r e c y c l i n g C H 4 t o t h e

SMR

s a f e e d and p r o d u c i n g a

h i g h

p r e s s u r e p u r i ? e d CO2

s t r e a m .

I n

t h i s

e x a m p l e ,

t h e

s y n g a s

?ow a t e

a f t e r

t h e

l o w - t e m p e r a t u r e s h i f t r e a c t o r , a f t e r

remov

i n g w a t e r by c o n d e n s a t i o n a t 4 0 ° C . , i s

7000 k m o l / h

w i t h t h e

f o l l o w i n g c o m p o s i t i o n

( i n

m o l

) :

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US

8 , 9 2 6 , 9 4 1

B2

5

C O 2 : 1 9 , H 2 : 7 4 . 5 ,

H Z O : 0 . 3 , N 2 : 0 . 2 .

T h i s syngas mixture a t 27 b a r i s

s e n t

t o a

TSA

n i t , which

c o n s i s t s

o f 5

b e d s

i n t h e “ ? r s t ” s e c t i o n and 5

b e d s

i n t h e

“ s e c o n d ” s e c t i o n .

Each

bed n t h e ? r s t s e c t i o n i s p a c k e d

w i t h

70

o n s

of BPL a r b o n b e a d s . Each bed n t h e second

s e c t i o n

i s packed

w i t h

a l a y e r o f 4 5 t o n s o f BPL nd 1 3 t o n s o f 5 A

molecular s i e v e s . Each bed

a s

a

dimension

of p p r o x . 7 . 5 m

d i a m e t e r

and

5 m e n g t h .

The r o c e s s

a d v a n c e s

a c c o r d i n g t o a ? v e - s t e p

p r o c e d u r e i n

both

h e ? r s t

and second s e c t i o n s . Five o r more beds a r e used

i n t h e ? r s t

and second

e c t i o n

s o

t h a t t h e

p r o c e s s i s c a r r i e d o u t

i n a continuous

f a s h i o n .

S t e p

l a :

The h i f t e d s y n g a s 202 s f e d t o

a

? r s t

s e c t i o n

2 0 2 1 1

f o r 1 0 m i n u t e s ,

w h i c h s e l e c t i v e l y a d s o r b s CO2

f r o m t h e

s y n

g a s . The e m a i n i n g c o m p o n e n t s H 2 , C H 4 ,

CO, n d

N 2 r e s e n t

t o t h e second s e c t i o n of h e

b e d .

The s a t u r a t e d ? r s t bed now

c o n s i s t s o f

c a p t u r e d CO2 p i n s

s y n g a s r e m a i n i n g

w i t h i n t h e

bed v o i d s .

S t e p

2 a :

The o i d g a s e s

and

o - a d s o r b e d g a s e s

a r e

removed

I n a r i n s e s t e p

( i . e . ,

a h e a v y r e ? u x

s t e p )

i n which

o l d

a n d p u r e

CO2 i n t h e

r a n g e 1 0 0 k m o l / h - 5 0 0

k m o l / h a t

h i g h p r e s s u r e

i n

t h e

r a n g e 1 5 0

p s i - 6 0 0

p s i

i s

s e n t

t o

t h e

bed

t

t e m p e r a t u r e s

i n

t h e

r a n g e o f 2 0° C . - 1 0 0 o

C . p r e f e r a b l y

i t s

t h e

r a n g e 4 0 ° C . - 7 0 o

C .

T h i s s t e p i s c o n t i n u e d

f o r

1 0

m i n u t e s o r

t i l l C O 2 b r e a k s

t h r o u g h t h e b e d ,

w h i c h e v e r

comes

? r s t .

The

p r o d u c t g a s i s

r e c y c l e d a s

a

f e e d t o

t h e

? r s t s e c t i o n .

A l t e r n a t i v e l y , t h e

p r o d

u c t

g a s

i s

r e c y c l e d

a s

a f e e d

t o

t h e second

s e c t i o n .

As a n o t h e r

a l t e r n a t i v e , t h i s p r o d u c t

g a s

c o u l d

b e u s e d

a s a f u e l f o r h e a t e r s

a n d

b o i l e r s . T h e

CO2 u s e d

f o r r i n s i n g i s

p r e f e r a b l y o b t a i n e d

f r o m t h e p r o d u c t

e x i t i n g S t e p 3 a

b e l o w .

S t e p

3 a :

T h e b e d now a t u r a t e d w i t h CO2 s r e g e n e r a t e d b y

s e n d i n g

p u r e a n d h o t CO2 i n

t h e

r a n g e

1 0 0

k m o l / h - 5 0 0

kmol/h

o f

t e m p e r a t u r e i n

t h e

r a n g e o f 1 0 0 ° C . - 3 5 0 o C . and

p r e s s u r e

i n t h e r a n g e 1 5 0 p s i - 6 0 0 p s i t o t h e b e d . T h i s s t e p i s

c o n t i n u e d f o r

1 0

m i n u t e s .

S t e p 4 a : The h o t bed now c o n t a i n s

a

s m a l l amount of C O 2

w h i c h i s

removed

by

s e n d i n g

a

h o t

s t r e a m

c o n s i s t i n g

o f

H2

a n d CH4 t r e a m p r o d u c t o f S t e p 4 b , o f h e s e c o n d s e c t i o n i n t o

t h e

b e d , a s w e l l a s

t h e

s t r e a m

e x i t i n g

t h e

S t e p 5 a . T h i s s t e p i s

c o n t i n u e d

f o r

1 0 m i n u t e s . The g a s

e x i t i n g S t e p

4 a

a f t e r

c o o l

i n g

t o

a b o u t 4 0 0 C .

t o

a b o u t

70° C . i s r e c y c l e d a s a f e e d

t o

t h e

? r s t s e c t i o n o f h e TSA h u s e n h a n c i n g t h e o v e r a l l

r e c o v e r y

o f

C O 2 .

S t e p 5 a : The bed 202e

i s

now s a t u r a t e d w i t h h o t

H 2

and

CH4 o c c u p y i n g

t h e

v o i d s p a c e , w h i c h

s

c o o l e d

b y u s i n g

p a r t

o f t h e p r o d u c t , i n t h e r a n g e o f 250 k m o l / h - l O O O

k m o l / h . T h i s

s t e p i s

c a r r i e d

o u t

f o r

1 0 m i n u t e s . The

o t

H2

a n d

C H 4 s t r e a m

e x i t i n g t h e bed s s e n t a s a

f e e d

t o S t e p 4 a , and h e bed

s

now

r e a d y

t o b e g i n a g a i n t h e n e x t c y c l e o f t h e p r o c e s s .

The

a d s o r p t i o n / d e s o r p t i o n

i n t h e s e c o n d s e c t i o n

i s

c a r r i e d

o u t

a c c o r d i n g t o a

? v e - s t e p

p r o c e s s t h a t o c c u r s s e q u e n t i a l l y .

S t e p l b : The

r o c e s s e d

g a s f r o m t h e

? r s t

s e c t i o n ?ows v i a

l i n e 212 i n t o t h e a d s o r b e n t bed

4 0 1 1

i n t h e s e c o n d s e c t i o n

f o r

1 0

m i n u t e s . A l l t h e i m p u r i t i e s C H 4 , CO2 n d N2 r e c a p t u r e d

a n d

n e a r l y

p u r e

H2 s

o b t a i n e d .

A

o r t i o n o f

t h e p r o d u c t H2 s

used

a s

a f u e l t o t h e steam methane reformer fumace.

S t e p 2 b :

The

o i d

g a s

i n t h e bed s removed by a r i n s e s t e p

i n which o l d and u r e C H 4 o r n a t u r a l

g a s

o f ?ow a t e i n t h e

r a n g e

100 kmol/h-lOOO kmol/h t h i g h

p r e s s u r e

i n t h e

r a n g e

1 5 0 p s i t o 6 0 0 p s i i s

s e n t

t o t h e b e d .

The

m p u r i t i e s i n t h e

v o i d

s p a c e t h a t a r e r i n s e d away

r e

adsorbed

n

t h e

unspent

s e c t i o n

o f t h e

bed

and u r e

H 2 s

o b t a i n e d .

T h i s

s t e p i s

c a r r i e d

o u t f o r

1 0

m i n u t e s .

S t e p 3 b : T h e b e d 2 4 0 0 i s p r e s s u r i z e d b y s e n d i n g p u r e

h o t

C H 4 r

n a t u r a l

g a s

a t h i g h

p r e s s u r e

w i t h

?ow

a t e

i n t h e

r a n g e

o f 1 0 0 kmol/h-lOOO m o l / h . The r e s s u r e o f h e n a t u r a l g a s

i s

c o : 0 . 5 , C H 4 : 5 . 5 ,

5

1 0

20

25

30

35

40

50

55

60

6 5

6

s e l e c t e d

s u c h

t h a t t h e

g a s s t r e a m

e x i s t i n g bed

2 4 0 0 ,

which s

used a s a

f e e d

t o t h e

S M R , i s

a t t h e

r e q u i r e d f e e d p r e s s u r e .

T h i s s t e p i s

c a r r i e d o u t

f o r 1 0

m i n u t e s .

S t e p

4 b : The

h o t bed

now

o n t a i n s a

s m a l l

amount

of C H 4

which

s

removed

by s e n d i n g

a h o t

H 2

g a s s t r e a m t o t h e

bed

f o r 1 0 m i n u t e s . The

o t H2 a s s t r e a m

e x i t i n g b e d 2 4 0 e

i n S t e p

5 b i s u s e d

f o r t h i s p u r p o s e .

T h i s H 2 s t r e a m m a y

be f u r t h e r

h e a t e d by steam o r some

o t h e r

s o u r c e p r i o r

t o

e n t e r i n g bed

2 4 0 d . The x i t g a s

now

o n t a i n s p r i m a r i l y H 2

n d

C H 4 , which

i s s e n t a s

a

f e e d

t o

S t e p

4 a , i n t h e ? r s t s e c t i o n v i a l i n e

2 3 0 .

S t e p 5 b : The bed

240e

i n t h e second s e c t i o n t h a t i s now

s a t u r a t e d w i t h h o t

H2

o c c u p y i n g t h e

v o i d s p a c e i s c o o l e d t o

a b o u t 3 0 ° C .

t o

a b o u t 7 0 ° C . b y s e n d i n g p a r t

o f

h e H2 r o d u c t

w i t h

?ow

r a t e i n

t h e r a n g e 250 kmol/h-lOOO kmol/h f o r 1 0

m i n u t e s . The o t

H 2

a s

s t r e a m e x i t i n g

t h e

bed s s e n t

t o a f e e d

o f S t e p 4 a , a n d t h e bed s now e a d y

f o r

t h e p r o c e s s o f S t e p 1

a g a i n .

Note h a t

t h e

c y c l e

t i m e i n t h e above

r o c e s s

i s t a k e n a s 1 0

m i n u t e s . H o w e v e r , i t

s h o u l d

b e n o t e d t h a t t h e c y c l e t i m e

i s

a

f u n c t i o n

o f

t h e s y n g a s ?ow

a t e , c o m p o s i t i o n ,

a d s o r b e n t

bed

c o n ? g u r a t i o n , n a t u r e

of

h e a d s o r b e n t and t can a r y

between

30 s e c and 30

minutes

o r l o n g e r .

Also

n o t e

t h a t i n

FIG.

2 ,

t h e

s t r e a m s

a r e

shown

t o

e n t e r

f r o m t h e

t o p o f

t h e b e d :

h o w e v e r , a n y

c o m b i n a t i o n o f

? o w s ,

such

a s c o - c u r r e n t and c o u n t e r - c u r r e n t

i s

p o s s i b l e .

The

a b s o r b e n t c a r s

be ? l l e d i n t h e bed

a s

a packed

b e d ,

s t r u c t u r e d

o r

monolithic f o r m a t . The s t r u c t u r e d

o r

monolithic

c o n ? g u r a t i o n f o r t h e a d s o r b e n t h a s a n a d v a n t a g e o f

l o w e r

p r e s s u r e

d r o p

and f a s t e r h e a t and

mass

t r a n s f e r r a t e s ,

which

r e d u c e s t h e bed i z e .

One s u c h example

o f a s t r u c t u r e d bed s

g i v e n i n

t h e p a t e n t a p p l i c a t i o n US 2 0 1 0 / 0 2 1 2 4 9 5 b y

C o r n i n g

l n c . ,

i n c o r p o r a t e d h e r e i n

b y

r e f e r e n c e . I n t h a t e x a m p l e ,

t h e

s o r b e n t s t r u c t u r e c o m p r i s e s a c o n t i n u o u s a c t i v a t e d c a r b o n

body n t h e f o r m

o f

a ? o w - t h r o u g h s u b s t r a t e .

The

e m p e r a t u r e

of

h e

s o r b e n t

s t r u c t u r e can be

n c r e a s e d by

s e n d i n g a h o t g a s

s t r e a m

t h r o u g h t a n d / o r by

a s s i n g

a s u f ? c i e n t v o l t a g e a c r o s s

t h e s o r b e n t s t r u c t u r e , t o

p r o v i d e

r e s i s t i v e h e a t i n g i n a p r o c e s s

c a l l e d

a s

e l e c t r i c

s w i n g

a d s o r p t i o n

( E S A ) .

T h e

a d v a n t a g e o f

h e a t i n g t h e s t r u c t u r e d

b e d

u s i n g r e s i s t i v e h e a t i n g

I s

t h a t

t h e

amount

of

ot sweep g a s

stream can be reduced

r e l i m i n a t e d ,

t h u s i n c r e a s i n g t he

c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f

t h e component t h a t i s

b e i n g r e l e a s e d

f r o m

t h e

a d s o r b e n t .

The p r o c e s s

can be c a r r i e d o u t i n

a

Ljungstrom r o t a t i n g

w h e e l c o n ? g u r a t i o n ,

i n

w h i c h t h e

r o t a t i n g

w h e e l

o f

a

s i n g l e

l a r g e

a d s o r b e r

e n a b l e s t h e s e c t i o n a l i z e d

a d s o r b e n t

s t r u c t u r e s

t o be e x p o s e d t o

t h e

a p p r o p r i a t e g a s

s t r e a m

d e p e n d i n g

on h e

s t e p s

i n t h e c y c l i c p r o c e s s .

What s c l a i m e d i s :

1 . A r o c e s s o f p r o d u c i n g s u b s t a n t i a l l y p u r e CO2

f o r

s e q u e s t r a t i o n o r e n h a n c e d o i l r e c o v e r y

(EOR)

a n d

s u b s t a n

t i a l l y pure

hydrogen f o r

u s e a s a

f u e l

i n steam methane

reformer

furnace

or a s

a feed source f o r

o t h e r hydrocarbon

p e t r o c h e m i c a l

r e a c t i o n s , t h e

p r o c e s s

c o m p r i s e s

m i x i n g s t e a m

and a t u r a l

g a s

i n

a steam

methane

reformer

h e r e a f t e r

p a s s

i n g a p r o d u c t t o a h e a t r e c o v e r y

steam

g e n e r a t o r

and

s u b s e

q u e n t l y

t o

h i g h

and o w - t e m p e r a t u r e

s h i f t r e a c t o r s

t o

c r e a t e a

s h i f t e d s y n t h e s i s g a s

which

s p a s s e d

t o a t e m p e r a t u r e

s w i n g

a d s o r p t i o n

(TSA)

u n i t

c y c l e d

s o

a s t o p r o d u c e a

s u b s t a n t i a l l y

pure

CO2

t r e a m

a t a

p r e s s u r e

f o r s e q u e s t r a t i o n

o r

d i s p o s a l

o r

EOR n d a s u b s t a n t i a l l y p u r e

H2 r o d u c t s t r e a m f o r r e c y c l i n g

a s a

f u e l

i n t o t h e steam methane reformer

fumace

or use i n

o t h e r

p e t r o l e u m

a n d p e t r o c h e m i c a l o p e r a t i o n s

w i t h a n y

r e m a i n i n g m e t h a n e r e c y c l e d

w i t h

makeup

a t u r a l g a s a s

f e e d

i n t o

t h e

steam methane

r e f o r m e r ,

and wherein

t h e

TSA a s

a

? r s t

s e t o f b e d s

t o p r o c e s s o r produce

s u b s t a n t i a l l y p u r e CO2

and s e c o n d

s e t

o f

b e d s

t o p r o c e s s and r o d u c e s u b s t a n t i a l l y

7/17/2019 co2 capture

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/co2-capture-5690924c3e9d2 6/6

US

8 , 9 2 6 , 9 4 1

B2

7

p u r e

H 2

W i t h

t h e r e s t o f any g a s s t r e a m components

b e i n g

recycled

t o an SMR

r

used a s f u e l g a s .

2 .

The p r o c e s s

a c c o r d i n g

t o c l a i m 1 Wherein an

a d s o r b e n t

f o r t h e CO2 i s

a c t i v a t e d c a r b o n ,

c a r b o n m o l e c u l a r

s i e v e s ,

z e o l i t e s

and

c o m b i n a t i o n t h e r e o f .

3 . The p r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g t o

c l a i m

2 W h e r e i n

t h e

a c t i v a t e d

c a r b o n i s

s e l e c t e d

f r o m

t h e

g r o u p

c o n s i s t i n g

o f c a r b o n

b l a c k ,

c h a r c o a l , a n d m i x t u r e s

t h e r e o f .

4 . The p r o c e s s

a c c o r d i n g

t o

c l a i m

3

W h e r e i n

t h e

s e c o n d

a d s o r b i n g

b e d

c o n s i s t s o f a c t i v a t e d c a r b o n , c a r b o n m o l e c u l a r

s i e v e s , z e o l i t e s ,

a n d

c o m b i n a t i o n s t h e r e o f .

5 . The

r o c e s s

a c c o r d i n g t o t h e p r e c e d i n g c l a i m 4 W h e r e i n

t h e z e o l i t e

i s

s e l e c t e d from h e s t r u c t u r e d s h a p e d

g r o u p con

s i s t i n g o f 4 A , 5 A , 1 3 X , a n d

c o m b i n a t i o n s t h e r e o f .

6 .

The p r o c e s s

a c c o r d i n g t o c l a i m 1 W h e r e i n t h e

TSA

s

o p e r a t e d

a t

a t e m p e r a t u r e

of from a b o u t 3 0 ° C . t o a b o u t 350°

C . , a

p r e s s u r e o f a b o u t

1 5 0

p s i t o a b o u t 600 p s i and

a c y c l e

time of about

30 s e c t o

10

m i n u t e s .

7 .

The p r o c e s s

a c c o r d i n g t o c l a i m 1 W h e r e i n t h e makeup

n a t u r a l

g a s

and i g h

p r e s s u r e

methane e c y c l e

g a s

i s

f e d

t o an

S M R .

8 .

The

r o c e s s

a c c o r d i n g

t o

c l a i m

1

W h e r e i n

a

p r o d u c e d

H2

i s

used

a s a f u e l i n t h e a p p l i c a t i o n s e l e c t e d from t h e group

c o n s i s t i n g o f a SMR, h e a t e r s ,

b o i l e r s , g a s

t u r b i n e , r e ? n e r y

o p e r a t i o n , o p e r a t i o n s a n d c o m b i n a t i o n s t h e r e o f .

9 .

A

r o c e s s o f p r o d u c i n g s u b s t a n t i a l l y p u r e CO2 f o r

s e q u e s t r a t i o n

o r e n h a n c e d

o i l

r e c o v e r y (EOR)

a n d

s u b s t a n

t i a l l y pure

hydrogen f o r

u s e a s a

f u e l

i n steam

methane

reformer fumace or a s

a feed

source f o r o t h e r hydrocarbon

p e t r o c h e m i c a l

r e a c t i o n s ,

t h e p r o c e s s

c o m p r i s e s m i x i n g

s t e a m

and a t u r a l

g a s

i n a steam methane r e f o r m e r t h e r e a f t e r

p a s s

i n g a p r o d u c t

t o

a

h e a t

r e c o v e r y

steam

g e n e r a t o r

and

s u b s e

q u e n t l y t o h i g h and

o W - t e m p e r a t u r e

s h i f t r e a c t o r s

t o

c r e a t e a

s h i f t e d

s y n t h e s i s

g a s

Which

s p a s s e d

t o a

t e m p e r a t u r e s W i n g

a d s o r p t i o n

(TSA) u n i t c y c l e d s o a s t o p r o d u c e a

s u b s t a n t i a l l y

p u r e C O 2 s t r e a m a t

p r e s s u r e

f o r s e q u e s t r a t i o n

o r

d i s p o s a l

o r

EOR n d a s u b s t a n t i a l l y p u r e H2 r o d u c t s t r e a m f o r r e c y c l i n g

a s a

f u e l i n t o

t h e steam

methane reformer

furnace or use i n

o t h e r p e t r o l e u m

a n d p e t r o c h e m i c a l o p e r a t i o n s

W i t h

a n y

r e m a i n i n g m e t h a n e r e c y c l e d W i t h

makeup a t u r a l

g a s

a s

f e e d

i n t o t h e

steam methane r e f o r m e r and Wherein

t h e p r o c e s s

f u r t h e r i n c l u d e s

an a u t o

thermal r e f o r m e r .

1 0 . The

p r o c e s s

a c c o r d i n g t o c l a i m 1 u s e d

i n

c o n j u n c t i o n

With an

a u t o

thermal r e f o r m e r .

1 1 . I n a p r o c e s s i n c l u d i n g a

steam

methane reformer

(SMR) n d a

t e m p e r a t u r e s W i n g

a d s o r p t i o n ( T S A ) a p p a r a t u s ,

t h e

p r o c e s s

Which n c l u d e s

o p e r a t i n g

t h e TSA

n

a m u l t i - s t e p

p r o c e s s

h a v i n g ? r s t

a n d

s e c o n d

s e c t i o n s f o r

c o n t i n u o u s

o p e r a t i o n s

c o m p r i s i n g :

f e e d i n g s h i f t e d

s y n g a s

i n t o a ? r s t r e a c t o r f o r 5 t o 20

min

u t e s ,

W h i c h s e l e c t i v e l y a d s o r b s CO2

f r o m

t h e s y n g a s ,

t h e r e a f t e r ;

f e e d i n g

t h e

r e m a i n i n g

c o m p o n e n t s

H 2 ,

C H 4 ,

C O

n d

N2 o

a

second s e c t i o n of

a

bed

Wherein a

? r s t bed noW

i n c l u d e s

CO2

p l u s s y n g a s

r e m a i n i n g

W i t h i n

t h e b e d

v o i d s ,

t h e r e a f t e r ;

5

20

25

30

35

40

50

55

8

removing

any

v o i d

g a s e s

and c o - a d s o r b e d

g a s e s i n a

r i n s e

s t e p i n Which

c o l d

a n d

p u r e

CO2 i n t h e

r a n g e o f

1 0 0

kmol/h-500

kmol/h

a t

a p r e s s u r e

i n

t h e r a n g e

150 p s i

600 p s i i s

s e n t

t o t h e

bed

t t e m p e r a t u r e

i n

t h e r a n g e o f

2 0 °

C . - 1 0 0 °

C . ,

t h e r e a f t e r ;

r e c y c l i n g a p r o d u c t

g a s a s

a

f e e d t o

t h e ? r s t

s e c t i o n , t h e r e

a f t e r ;

f e e d i n g

s u b s t a n t i a l l y

p u r e

CO2

i n

a

c o n c e n t r a t i o n

o f 1 0 0

kmol/h-500

kmol/h

and e m p e r a t u r e

f o r

5 t o

20

m i n u t e s

i n t h e

r a n g e of 0 0 ° C . - 3 5 0 °

C .

and

r e s s u r e i n t h e

r a n g e

1 5 0

p s i - 6 0 0 p s i t o t h e b e d , t h e r e a f t e r ;

p a s s i n g

a m i x t u r e o f H2 a n d C H4 s t r e a m f r o m t h e p r o d u c t

o f t h e

second

s e c t i o n i n t o t h e ? r s t s e c t i o n f o r 5 t o 20

m i n u t e s ,

t h e r e a f t e r ;

c o o l i n g a g a s o f h e p a s s i n g s t e p a b o u t 4 0 ° C . a n d t h e r e a f t e r

r e c y c l i n g

a s

a f e e d

t o

t h e ? r s t s e c t i o n of t h e

TSA o

e n h a n c e t h e o v e r a l l

r e c o v e r y

o f

CO2

h e r e a f t e r ;

c o o l i n g

t h e s e c t i o n s a t u r a t e d W i t h

h o t H 2

and

CH

W i t h a

H 2

p r o d u c t , i n t h e

r a n g e o f

250

kmol/h f o r

5

t o

20

m i n u t e s ,

a n d r e c y c l i n g t h e H2

a n d

CH4

o

t h e

p r e c e d i n g

s t e p

t o

s t a r t t h e

n e x t

c y c l e o f h e

p r o c e s s

W h e r e i n t h e

h o t

H2

n d

CH4 t r e a m

e x i t i n g t h e

bed s s e n t

a s a

f e e d

and h e bed

i s

noW

e a d y

t o

b e g i n

a neW y c l e and u r i n g t h e c y c l e a

s e c o n d

s e c t i o n

f o l l o w s

t h e p r o c e s s

s t e p s

c o m p r i s i n g :

o p e r a t i n g

a

second

s e c t i o n

of

h e TSA c c o r d i n g

t o

a

?ve

s t e p p r o c e s s t h a t o c c u r s s e q u e n t i a l l y i n c l u d i n g p a s s i n g a

p r o c e s s e d

g a s

from h e ? r s t s e c t i o n i n t o t h e

a d s o r b e n t

i n

t h e

second

s e c t i o n f o r 5 t o 20 m i n u t e s t o c a p t u r e t h e

i m p u r i t i e s

C H 4 ,

CO2 a n d N 2 a n d o b t a i n s u b s t a n t i a l l y

p u r e

H 2 W i t h

a

p o r t i o n o f

t h e

p r o d u c t H 2 s

u s e d

a s

a

f u e l

t o a steam methane r e f o r m e r f u r n a c e , t h e r e a f t e r ;

removing h e

v o i d

g a s

i n

t h e

bed

i t h a r i n s e s t e p

i n Which

i n c l u d e s CH4

t a ?o w a t e i n t h e

r a n g e

100 kmol/h-1000

kmol/h

t

p r e s s u r e

i n t h e r a n g e 1 5 0 p s i

t o

600 s i

t o r i n s e

f o r

5 t o 20

m i n u t e s , t h e r e a f t e r ;

p r e s s u r i Z i n g t he s e c t i o n W i t h

C H 4

r n a t u r a l

g a s

?ow

a t e i n

t h e

r a n g e o f 100

kmol/h-1000

kmol/h and

a

p r e s s u r e of

1 5 0 t o

6 0 0

p s i f o r 5 t o 2 0 m i n u t e s , t h e r e a f t e r ;

p a s s i n g

H 2

i n t o

t h e s e c t i o n

t o

remove

C H 4

f o r

5 t o

20

m i n u t e s

H2

n d

C H4

o a p a s s i n g

s t e p o f

h e

? r s t

s e c t i o n ,

t h e r e a f t e r ;

c o o l i n g t h e

s e c o n d

s e c t i o n s a t u r a t e d W i t h h o t H2

o c c u p y i n g

t h e void

s p a c e

t o

a b o u t

30° C .

t o

a b o u t 7 0 °

C . W i t h

a d d i t i o n a l H 2 t ?ow a t e i n t h e r a n g e 250 kmol/h-1000h

f o r 5

t o 20

minutes Wherein h e H 2 g a s i s

s e n t a s

a f e e d of

t h e a p a s s i n g

s t e p o f

s e c t i o n one

and

h e bed

noW s r e a d y

f o r a

f e e d i n g

o f t h e ? r s t s e c t i o n

t o

b e g i n a n o t h e r c y c l e .

1 2 . The r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g

t o

c l a i m 1 1 W h e r e i n e a c h

s t e p

i s

c a r r i e d o u t f o r a b o u t 1 0 m i n u t e s .

1 3 .

The r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g

t o

c l a i m

9

W h e r e i n t h e p r o d u c e d

H 2 s used s a f u e l i n t h e a p p l i c a t i o n s s e l e c t e d from h e

g r o u p

c o n s i s t i n g

o f

a n

SMR,

e a t e r s , b o i l e r s , g a s

t u r b i n e s ,

r e ? n e r y

o p e r a t i o n s , c h e m i c a l o p e r a t i o n s a n d c o m b i n a t i o n s t h e r e o f .

1 4 .

The

P r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g

t o

c l a i m

1 1

W h e r e i n

t h e

r i n s e

s t e p o f

r e m o v i n g

t h e v o i d

g a s e s ,

? r s t o c c u r r e n c e , i s

i n

t h e

t e m p e r a t u r e

r a n g e 4 0 °

C . - 7 0 °

C . f o r

5 t o

20

m i n u t e s .

* * * * *