CO2 Capture Systems

CO2 Capture Systems

Ludger Schlueter16/08/2012

IEAGHG International Summer School 2012 - Beijing

© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

ALSTOM Carbon Capture Technology – P CC– 16/08/2012

Agenda

Introduction

Technology OptionsTechnology Options

1st Generation1st Generation

2nd Generation2nd Generation

Cost of CCSCost of CCS


P 3

Equipment & services for power generationAlstom Thermal Power

Equipment & services for rail transport

Alstom Transport

Three main activities in 4 sectors*

Equipment & services for power transmissionAlstom GridAlstom Renewable Power

* Organisation as of 4 July 2011


P 4

Some key numbers

Transport5.6 €bn

Thermal Power 9.7 €bn

Grid3.6 €bn

Renewable Power 2 €bn

17%

10%

27%

46%

92,500 employees in 100 countries

Total sales 2010/11: €20.9 billion


P 5

CO2 Réduction

CO2 emissions Scénarios

Global CO2 emissions due to fossil (all sectors, coal, gas, oil)GtCO2

* Source: WEO/IEA 2011

Outstanding effort needed to reach 450 ppm objective +2°C The door is closing !


P 6

1990 2009 2035

Global Fossil related CO2 emissions

21 GtCO2

29 GtCO2

43 GtCO2

36 %41 %

46 %Other sectors

Power Generation

Evolution of global CO2 emissions

* Source: IEA 2011 - Current Policies Scenario

2035: Power Generation remains the main contributor of CO2 emissions


P 7

Developing countries represent 100% of incremental CO2 emissions

Power sector – Annual CO2 emissions

12

20GtCO2

OilGas

Coal

India

China

Europe

RoW

NAM

2009 2035

20

15

10

5

0

By fuel By region

12

20

2009 2035

20

15

10

5

0

Evolution of Power CO2 emissions

Alstom – CO2 Capture Systems - P 7

* Source: IEA 2011 - Current Policies Scenario


P 8

CCS is essential for Power generation

Power generation CO2 Emissions

12 CCS pilots5 large-scale demo in

development

CCS on gas and coal power generation is essential to massively reduce CO2 emissions from fossil plants complementary to REN & NUC technologies

Source : Alstom analysis from IEA WEO 2011

0

5

10

15

20

25

Gt/y

1990 2035Current Policies

path +6°C

2035New Policiespath +3,5°C

2035450 ppm

Needed path +2°C

Includes CCS75 GWe

Includes CCS 540 GWe

Today 400ppm


P 9

Decarbonized Power within Alstom

Hydro Nuclear (Conv. Island) Wind

Biomass

SolarTidalGeothermal


P 10

Production Efficiency within Alstom

New Plants

Coal Efficiency

Gas30% to 50% 40% to 60%

40% 33% CO2emissions

Retrofit

Plant Optimisation:

-5% CO2

Turbine retrofit:

-5% CO2

Boiler retrofit:

-3% CO2 CO2emissions

Smart Fuel Selection


P 11

Alstom‘s CCS Technology development

• Development of technologies with minimized impact on cost and performance (e.g. cost of electricity for a power plant).

• Optimized process and thermal integration with the base installation.

Source: Vattenfall

Pre-combustion(New only)

Solutions developed by Alstom

Post-combustion Oxy-combustion(New + retrofit) (New + retrofit)

• Chilled Ammonia• Advanced Amines

• Regenerative Calcium Cycle

• Integrated Oxy Systems

• Chemical Looping

1st Generation

2nd Generation


P 12

CO2 Separation

Absorption

Chemical

Amine

Primary

Secondary

Tertiary

Sterically Inhibited

Alternative Absorbent

Ammonia

Alkaline Compound

Salts of AminoAcids

Physical

Rectisol

Selexol

Other

Adsorption

Adsorber Beds

Alumina

Zeolite

Activated Carbon

Regeneration Methods

Pressure Swing A.

Temperature Swing A.

Electro-thermal Swing A.

Vacuum Swing A.

Washing

Alternative Technologies

Cryogenic

Oxy Combustion +

Distillation

Frosting / Anti-sublimation

Membranes

Gas Separation

Gas Absorption

Ceramic based

Looping

Chemical

Carbonate / RCC

Other

Ionic Liquids

Microbial/ Algal

Technology Options for Carbon Capture

Based on Oexmann J. and Kather A.: Postcombustion CO2 Separation in VGB PowerTech ½, pp 92-103, 2009


P 13

1st Generation – 3 Main Options for CCS from Power Plants

VGB Report on State of the Art – CO2 Capture 2009


P 14

Technology of Choice Today - Examples• When to Choose “Post Combustion Capture Technology”

Integration in existing Power Plant Infrastructure If existing Power Plant is “CCS-Ready” If retrofit with Oxy-Combustion is not possible

• When to Choose “Oxy-Combustion Capture Technology” For new Power Plants If retrofit with Oxy Combustion is possible for existing Power Plant

• When to Choose ‘’2nd Generation Technology” today For Small Scale Plants For Demo-Plants When Technology is Available for Commercial Scale

• General decision basis (examples) CAPEX / OPEX / (Parasitic Load) Situation in existing plant (e.g. Space available, Basis of Design) Capacity of Power Plant


P 15

Advanced Amine ProcessTechnology Overview

Advantages of Alstom’s AAP

• Proven in natural gas & syngas purification

• CO2 capture from flue gas is a new application

• More efficient capture of CO2 and less solvent degradation than MEA

• Higher tolerance against oxygen & trace contaminants Source: Alstom

Principle

• An amine based solvent reacts with the CO2 in the flue gas

• Raising the temperature reverses this reaction, the CO2 is released and the solvent recycled

• 2R-NH2 + CO2 (g) -> R-NH3+ + R-NH-COO- (1)

Joint Development A strong team to develop a new application


P 16

Simplified Process Schematic of the Advanced Amine Process (AAP)

Flue GasFrom FGD

Clean Flue GasTo Stack

CO2

Absorber

Reboiler

AmineRegenerator

Column

LeanCooler

Lean/RichX Exchanger

Rich SolutionPump

CO2 Absorption CO2 Regeneration

PressurizedCO2

CO2 Compressor

Flue GasWater

Rich Solution

Lean Solution

CO2

Water Wash Pump

Water Wash Cooler

Lean SolutionPump

CO2

Cooler

CO2 Drying System

CO2 toPipeline

AmineFilter

AmineReclaimer

Advanced Amine Process (AAP)Process description

Simplified Process Schematic of the Advanced Amine Process (AAP)

DCC


P 17

PilotPilot CommercialCommercialIndustrial / ValidationIndustrial / Validation Large-scaledemonstration

Large-scaledemonstration

University of Texas USA

2007 2009 2011

Advanced Amine Process Update on Alstom roadmap

Dow Chemical Co. USA - 2MWth, Coal

EdF Le HavreFrance - 5 MWth, Coal

PGE BelchatowPoland - 260 MWe net, Lignite

Tests completedTargetedIn operationIn construction

2014-2015

Moving forward to scale-up the technology


P 18

Advanced Amine Process Field Pilot - Le Havre

C2A2 - field pilot - Le Havre - France• Designed to capture 25 t CO2/ day, 90%

CO2 capture

• Advanced flow scheme & operation validation

• Flue gas: slipstream from 600 MWe coal plant (EdF host facility)

• French funding by ADEME

• Project schedule

- Overall 2010-2013 program

- Test from Q3 12 to Q2 13 (1 year)

EdF Le Havre coal power plant(field pilot represented in orange)


P 19

Advanced Amine ProcessLarge scale demonstration - Belchatow

Belchatow - Large scale - Poland - PGE

• MOU Alstom - PGE Elektrownia Belchatow

• Large-scale CCS demonstration facility 260 MWe net

• Host facility 850 MW lignite unit (built by Alstom)

• 1.8 Mt CO2 to be captured and stored per year

• Selected for EERP funding, preselected for NER300

• Project schedule:

– Engineering for permitting completed

– 2012: Finalizing Contract

– Target for operation 2015Belchatow Power PlantReaching large scale demonstration phase


P 20

Principle

• Ammonium carbonate solution reacts with CO2 of cooled flue gas to form ammonium bicarbonate

• Raising the temperature reverses this reaction, pressurized CO2 is released, the solution is recycledCO2 (g) == CO2 (aq) (1)(NH4)2CO3 (aq) + CO2 (aq) + H2O (l) == 2(NH4)HCO3 (aq) (2)(NH4)HCO3 (aq) == (NH4)HCO3 (s) (3)(NH4)2CO3 (aq) == (NH4)NH2CO2 (aq) + H2O (l) (4)

Chilled Ammonia ProcessTechnology Overview

Advantages

• High CO2 purity

• Tolerant to oxygen and flue gas impurities

• Stable reagent, no degradation nor emission of trace contaminants

• Low-cost, globally available reagent

A perfect match

Side reactionsSO2 (g) + 2NH3 (g) + H2O (aq) == (NH4)2SO3 (aq) (5)(NH4)2SO3 (aq)+ 1/2O2 (g) == (NH4)2SO4 (aq) (6)


P 21

CO2 is captured from flue gas by direct contact with lean ammoniated solution. Rich ammoniated solution is heated in a regeneration system operated at pressure to release CO2. Regenerated solution is returned to the absorber where it is re-used the capture CO2.

Gas Cooling

and Cleaning

Flue Gas from FGD

CO2

CO2Regenerator CO2

Clean CO2 to Storage

Flue Gas from CAP

Reagent

CO2

Rich

ReagentLean

Scrubbed Flue Gas

He

at

Tra

nsfe

r

Cooled Flue Gas

CO2

CO2Absorber

Heat and Pressure

Chilled Ammonia Process (CAP)Process Description


P 22

American Electric PowerMountaineer Power PlantCCS Product Validation FacilityNew Haven, WV

To Absorber

Thermal Consumers

Electrical Consumers

Chilled Ammonia Process (CAP)Process description


P 23

Roadmap to scale-up promising Chilled Ammonia!

Test RigsTest Rigs Validation Pilots

Validation Pilots

CommercialCommercialIndustrial Pilots

Industrial Pilots



Alstom Vaxjö Sweden0.25 MWth

We Energies Pleasant Prairie USA - 5 MWth, Coal

EoN Karlshamn Sweden - 5 MWth, Oil

AEP Mountaineer USA - 58 MWth, Coal

TCM Mongstad Norway - 40 MWth, Gas

Getica Turceni FeasabilityRomania - >250 Mwe net, Lignite

20152006 2008 2009

Tests completedTargetedIn operationIn construction

Chilled Ammonia Process Update on Alstom roadmap

Datang - Dongying(Post AAP or CAP) China - 350 MWeeq. , coal - MOU


P 24

Mountaineer - Validation coal pilot - USA WV- AEP

• Validation of complete CCS Chain

• Designed to capture & store 100,000 tCO2/year

• Commenced engineering and permitting Oct07

• First CO2 captured in Sept 09,

• Captured CO2 sequestered into through two wells on the plant property, first injection started 1st of October 2009

• Alstom responsible for CAP island (others by AEP)

−Approx 52000 tons of CO2 captured

−Approx 37000 tons of CO2 stored

−CO2 product quality : 99.94%

−Capture rate: 90% validated

−Low ammonia emissions observed

Chilled Ammonia ProcessValidation Pilot - AEP Mountaineer

Alstom’s Chilled Ammonia Process at AEP’s PP

Tests completed - Technology validated – Ready for scale-up


P 25

Chilled Ammonia Process Validation Pilot – Mongstad Norway

CCS technology validation on gas

Amine Plant – Aker Solution

Chilled Ammonia Plant – ALSTOM

• European CO2 Technology Centre Mongstad (TCM)

• Flue gases from natural gas CHP plant and a catalytic

cracker (refinery)

• Designed to capture 80 000 tons CO2/year

• Mechanical Completion and

Commissioning finished

• Started up July 2012


P 26

Chilled Ammonia ProcessDemonstration project at Turceni

Romanian CCS Demonstration Project•Integrated CCS demo: 1.5 Mtpa CO2

– Capture: 85% minimum capture– Transport: onshore pipeline – Storage: deep saline aquifers (>800m) within a

radius of 50 km •Developers-Operators:

– Capture: Turceni Energy Complex – Transport: Transgaz– Storage: Romgaz

•Technical Consortium: – Project Management and Technical & Financial

Consultant: ISPE (Institute for Studies and Power Engineering)

– Capture Plant: Alstom– Storage: GeoEcoMar, Schlumberger

•Alstom feasibility study completed•Candidate for NER 300 funding

Turceni Power Plant4x330 MW


P 27

Oxy-Combustion ProcessTechnology Overview

An excellent technological option !

Advantages• Reliability• Adaptable to all boiler types and fuels • Rapid scale-up to 1,000 MWe range • Retrofit feasible• Higher efficiency with supercritical/ultra-

supercritical cycles• Suitable for Coal and Gas fired power plants

Principle • Fuel is burned in a mixture of oxygen and re-circulated flue-gas. Due to the absence of Nitrogen,

the resulting flue gas is enriched in CO2• After water condensing and further purification, CO2 is compressed and send to storage


P 28

Oxy GPU – Design and Typical ConditionsExample for Coal fired Power Plants for EOR and Sequestration Quality

H2O H2O

H2O

CO2

Com

p.

Pum

p

FGC

Purif

icat

ion

Dryi

ng

CO2

Cond

/Dis

t

CO2

Sepa

rato

r

Rege

ne-

ratio

n

CO2to T&S

Offgas

vented

DCCBoiler

flue gas

Design for CO2 to saline formation :• CO2 feed quality %volCO2,dry > 75 • CO2 separation by condensation• Compression, chilling and pumping to the conditions

necessary for transport and storage• Product quality : %volCO2 > 95 %

Residual Oxygen < 0,8 %• CO2 Capture Rate > 90%

Design for CO2 with EOR quality :• Addition of distillation for CO2 separation• Product quality : vol-%CO2 > 99 %

Residual Oxygen < 10 ppm


Gas Processing Unit (DCC and GPU)

Main process steps :

• Direct Contact Cooler (DCC)reduces H2O to <5%

• Multi Stage Flue Gas Compression to >30 bar

• Conditioning and Drying• Regeneration Gas System• Chilling and CO2

Separation• Off-gas System• CO2 Recompression

Downstream of the oxy-boiler and the AQCS the flue gas is treated to reach the necessary CO2 purity according product specification.


P 30

Moving forward to scale-up the technology

Oxy-Combustion Process Update on Alstom roadmap

Coming

Commercial

2017/18

White Rose 426 MWe g - Selby (UK)

90’sR&D and Lab

scaleLarge –scale

demonstration

In operation

Alstom BSF USA - 15 MWth,

Vattenfall Schwarze PumpeGermany - 30 MWth,

Total LacqFrance - 30 MWth,

GPU mobile pilot

Pilots

2008 2012

Daqing 350 MWe g Datang (China)


P 31

(source: Vattenfall)Schwarze Pumpe Pilot

Oxy-Combustion Process Vattenfall Schwarze Pumpe – 30 MWth pilot

Experience makes success possible

Boiler

FGC CO2 Compression

Air Separation Unit

CO2 Purification

Control Room

FGD

ESP

Boiler

FGC CO2 Compression

Air Separation Unit

CO2 Purification

Control Room

FGD

ESP

Objective• Demonstration of the technology path at

pilot scale

Alstom-Scope• Oxy-boiler, ESP and other components

• Technology Partnership with Vattenfall

Status of Operation• Start of operation: Sept 2008

• Test with Alstom Burners completed


P 32

Main features

• Retrofit to oxy-combustion of a 30 MWthexisting boiler (natural gas)

• Located in SW of France

• Oxy-combustion process started Jul 09

• End test expected end 2012 (18 mthsextension of the original programme)

• Approx 120,000 t CO2 to be stored in a depleted gas field

• ALSTOM scope : Boiler retrofit30 MWt retrofitted Boiler – Lacq, France(source: Total)

First fully integrated CCS with pipeline transportation & storage

Oxy-Combustion Process TOTAL Lacq - 30 MWth Pilot


P 33

Main features

• Located at the Alstom Power PlantLaboratory (PPL) in Windsor, CT, USA

• 15 MWth oxy-fuel boiler simulation facility (BSF), multi-burner arrangement(tangential firing system)

• 15 MWth oxy-fuel industrial scale single burner test facility (ISBF)

• Bituminous coals and lignites

• Modification of the existing BSF and ISBF test facilities with support from the US Department of Energy (DOE)

• Started testing in Sept. 09

• Oxygen supply via tanks

• Wet and dry flue gas recycle optionsBoiler Simulation Facility (BSF)

Oxy-Combustion Process Alstom Windsor – 15 MW Pilot


P 34

• GPU Compression and Purification Pilot at Växjö, Tests to follow in Windsor

Oxy-Combustion Process GPU Pilot in Växjö

Compression Pilot

Purification Pilot

Removal of gas impurities and separation of CO2 at high pressure


P 35

Project Snapshot Datang

• New supercritical 350MWe Gross Oxy Boiler Island with 2-pass BoilerLocal Lignite (30%+ moisture) as fuel

• Clean power generation with the entire flue gas treated to capture ~2 Million t/y CO2, partly re-use in EOR (Daqing oilfields)

• Located at Daqing site, Heilongjiang, northeast China

• Regional CO2 transport & onshore storage network under investigation

• Project development activities on-going, Feasibility Study finalized

Feasibility Study for Oxy-fuel CCS Demo in China


P 36

Me or

CaS

Carbonate Looping - RCC:„Post Combustion“

CO2, H2O

Air Reactor

1050°C

Fuel Reactor

970°C

MeO or

CaSO4

Air

N2

Coal

Chemical Looping:„Advanced Oxyfuel“

Carbonator650°C

Calciner>900°C

Flue gas

Flue gas lean in CO2

CaCO3

CaO

Coal

CO2, H2O

O2

Comparison 2nd Generation CCS Chemical and Carbonate Looping


P 37

Chemical Looping Process

A Promissing Breakthrough Technology

Principle• Solid oxygen carrier circulates between Air Reactor and Fuel Reactor: Carrier picks up O2 in the Air

Reactor, leaves N2 behind and burns the fuel in the Fuel Reactor• Typically, Oxygen Carriers can be metal oxide or limestone-based. Alstom is developing both types

Advantages• Avoids large costs and

parasitic power of ASU • Captures CO2 at

temperatures higher than the power cycle temperatures, eliminating thermodynamic penalty associated with CO2 capture

• Uses conventional material of construction and fabrication techniques

• Largely based on Alstom’s proven CFB technology


P 38

Oxy-Combustion - Chemical Looping ProcessAlstom development logic

10-100 kWth Pilot

10-100 kWth Pilot

1-3MWth Prototype1-3MWth Prototype

10 - 50 MWe Demonstration 10 - 50 MWe

Demonstration

2014-2015

2004

2011

Tests completed

Coming

In commissioningIn construction

Chalmers University Test Rig Sweden - 10kWth

Alstom Windsor Test rigUSA - 65 kWth test rig

Phase IV DOE/Alstom Programme, WindsorUS - 3 MWth, Coal.Long-term agreement with DoE

Eclair Darmstadt Germany - 1 MWth, CoalEuropean RFCS funding


P 39On-going CCS projects – jfl – 15 Nov 2010

Oxy-Combustion ProcessECLAIR – EU program - 1 MWt prototype (Darmstadt)

TECHN SCHEIUN VERS TÄTI IDARMSTADT

ECLAIR – Chemical looping – 1 MWth - Coal

RFCS – EU contract Coordination and Technical Integration: AlstomContractors : TU Darmstadt, Chalmers Univ., CSIC,

SINTEF, Air Liquide, Vattenfall

48 months program:

Design of main components: July 09

End of Commissioning : Feb 11

First tests with coal : March 11

Main objectives: Design and operation of a CLC 1 MWth pilot with

coal solid fuelTechnical and economical assessment

Total budget: 6.5 M€ - RFCS Funding : 2.27 M€

Fuel reactor

Air Reactor

Dedicated building Darmstadt (GER)


Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC)2nd Generation OXY

• CLC is an energy-efficient, clean combustion process that produces steam-based power generation or clean hydrogen fuel while capturing CO2 for storage/re-use.

• CLC is similar to oxy-combustion in terms of producing a high CO2 concentration flue gas, but achieves this with the use of solid O2 carriers, rather than the conventional, costly and inefficient cryogenic air separation.

• CLC is a "game changing" technology in terms of overall efficiency and cost. It is the lowest cost (cost of electricity, or COE) CO2 solution identified to date for coal.

DOE/Alstom WindsorUS – 3 MWth

Chemical looping -coal

RFCS EU -Darmstadt Germany – 1 MWth

Chemical looping - coal


P 41

Excursion: What is Regenerative Calcium Cycle – RCC ?

The Feed

The ProductCaCO3

CaCO3 + CaO

RCC - Limestone to Lime


P 42

Carbonate Looping RCC Process

CARBONATOR650°C

CALCINER900°C

CaO

CaCO3

CO2 to compressionCO2 depleted flue gas

Flue gas from power plant with CO2

Ashdeactivated lime

Make-up CaCO3(limestone)

Oxygen

CoalCaO +CO2 CaCO3

CaCO3 CaO +CO2

O2 supply to calciner (~1/3 of an Oxyfuel process)


P 43

Flow Chart and 3D-ModellCarbonate Looping Pilot

Arrangement of 1 MWt Pilot

Flow chart - 1 MWth Pilot

Height20 m

Carbonate/ Chemical Looping Test Plant TU-Darmstadt


P 44

Potential breakthrough PCC technology for PP and industrialapplications

− Increased plant net output − Less external energy requirements

First tests passed successful at TU-Darmstadt in 1 MWth Pilot

Limestone

Applications Scheme for Retrofit

O2Ca

rbon

ator

Calc

iner

Coal

CO2

CaO

CaCO3

CaOCaCO3

CO2 captured by CaOCaO +CO2 CaCO3

CaCO3 CaO + CO2CON

D

Q ESP Off

gas

Q

ASU

Q

Q

Power Plant

CementIron & Steel


© ALSTOM 2011. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will dependon the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

CCS Seminar Taiwan – Ludger Schlueter

RCC CO2 emissions from cement production

Fuels 35 to 40%

Fuels 60 to 65%

Flue Gas • CO2 25%+

• O2 6%• N2 69%

Clinker + Additives -> CEMENT

Raw Meal• Limestone• Clay • Sand • Iron ore 2- PRECALCINER

80 to 90% calcination

1- PREHEATING

3- ROTARY KILNCaO & raw mat.sintered at high T° into clinker

CO2 from calcination : 60% direct emissionsCaCO3 -> CaO + CO2 at high T°

CO2 from fuel comb’n : 40% direct emissions

CO2 direct emission sources i) calcination (60%) ii) fuel (40%)


P 46Development Strategy for 2nd Generation CCS - P 46

Flue Gas from

Power Plant,

Cement Plant,Iron & Steel, …

Applications Scheme for Retrofit

CO2 captured by CaOCaO +CO2 CaCO3

CaCO3 CaO +CO2

Potential breakthrough PCC technology for Power Plants and Industrial solutions with increased plant net output. First tests passed successful at TU-Darmstadt in 1 MWth Pilot


Presentation title - 31/07/2012 - P 47

2nd Generation TechnologiesThe ALSTOM Contribution

• ALSTOM has a vast experience in design & construction of fluidized circulating bed systems and also indirect fired calciners

• Despite pure coal combustion also other solid materials handling has been engineered

− Use of sand to adjust ash properties− Limestone injection in CFB boilers for

sulfur removal

BAIMA - China 1 x 300 MW


Presentation title - 31/07/2012 - P 48

Summary RCC

• RCC is a robust and competitive Post Combustion Capture technology

• Eligible to CCS-ready, retrofit on power and industrial plants

• Electrical power output of total plant increases

• Potential for lower net cycle efficiency penalty

• Confirmed CO2 capture rate of > 80 and up to 90% achievable

• Consumed lime/limestone to be re-used (e.g. in cement process)

• Addition of fresh limestone consumed to be confirmed in further testing

• Great optimization potential through integration

• Strong interest from Power and Industry


P 49

Tests complete

Vattenfall Schwarze-Pumpe Germany-

30 MWth Oxy - Lignite

Dow Chemical Co. US -2 MWth

Adv. Amines - coal

Datang- ChinaOxy 350 MWe lignite,

Post 350 MWe eq. coalAlstom BSF Windsor

US - 15 MWthOxy - coals

Getica - CET TurceniRoumania – >250MWe Chilled

ammonia - Lignite

PGE BelchatowPoland – 260 MWe

Adv. Amines - Lignite

DOE/Alstom WindsorUS – 3 MWth

Chemical looping -coal

2nd Gen

NER300

NER300

Selected for receiving EEPR funding

NER300: Applied for EU ETS New Entrant Reserve funding

EoN KarlshamnSweden - 5 MWth

Chilled Ammonia–Fuel oil

WE – EnergieUS - 5 MWth

Chilled Ammonia, Coal

AEP MountaineerUS - 58 MWth

Chilled Ammonia, coal

Total LacqFrance - 30 MWth

Oxy - Gas

Operating

Alstom Labs VäxjöSweden – 0.25 MWthPost C. – multi purpose

Large-scale projects-under development

White Rose CCS ProjectUK - 426 MWe

Oxy – coal

NER300

Construction complete, Operation 12

TCM MongstadNorway - 40 MWth

Chilled Ammonia - Gas

EDF – Le HavreFrance – 5 MWth Adv. Amines - Coal

Alstom activity on demonstration 1st and 2nd Generation CCS

RFCS EU -Darmstadt Germany – 1 MWth

Chemical looping - coal

2 GenTask reaching Demo Scale

Alstom GPU Pilot Mobile – 0,3 MWth

CO2 Purification


P 50

Oxy-combustion

Schwarze Pumpe (Germany)–Lignite 70’000 t/y

Tests complete Operating

Lacq (France) – Gas 60’000 t/y

CO2 capture and storageProjects and partnerships

30 MWth

30 MWthAlstom Windsor (US) – Coals Eq +/-30’000 t/y15 MWth

White Rose CCS demo (UK)- Coal –Application NER300 2’000’000 t/y426 MWe

Chemical Looping (Germany)-Coal 2’000 t/y eq.1 MWthChemical Looping(USA) - Coal 6’000 t/y eq.3 MWth2nd Gen

Daqing (China)– Lignite Feasibility study signed >1’000’000 t/y350 MWe

tCO2 captured

Mountainer (US)–Coal–Chilled Ammonia 100’000 t/y

Pilot West Virginia (US) – coalJoint development programme – Adv. Amines

Post-combustion

Mongstad (Norway) – Gas –Chilled Ammonia 80’000 t/y

Pleasant Prairie (US) – coalChilled Ammonia 15’000 t/y

Karlshamm (Sweden) – Fuel/GasChilled Ammonia 15’000 t/y

Le Havre (France)–Coal– Adv. Amines

1’800 t/y

8’000 t/y

Belchatow (Poland) – LigniteAdv. amines - FEED complete – Application NER 300 >1’800’000 t/y

58 MWth

40 MWth

5 MWth

5 MWth

2 MWth

5 MWth

260 MWe

Getica-Turceni (Romania) – LigniteChilled Ammonia-feasibility study– Application NER 300 >1’500’000 t/y250 MWe

Dongying (China) – Coal - MoU signed >1’000’000 t/y350 MWe

Under construction

Alstom labs Växjö (Sweden) – multi-purp. 400 t/y eq.0.25 MWth


CCS-ready

CO2 regulation to be developed

CO2 regulation already applied

No CO2 regulation to date, IFIs only

Scope: Coal & Gas fossil plants >300 Mwe Requirement is an assessment of: availability of suitable storage sites, technical and economical feasibility of CO2 capture andtransport Suitable space for future CO2 capture

UK requires CCS-Readiness (not assessment only)

European Union

Federal: Requirement to be defined for all new coal PPs

Queensland: the requirements for all new coal PPs are: Use of world’s best practice low emission technologies CCS-ready + retrofit within 5 yrs after CCS validation

NSW & WA: recommendation for all coal power plants: Implement CCS if economically & technically feasible

Australia

International Financial Institutions Looking at CCS readiness as a requisit to finance

Coming requirements to be able to meet CO2 reduction

target in the future


P 52

Capture-Ready studyIdentified pre-investments for future capture retrofit - Coal

Alstom Capture Ready solutions developed upon three pillars: Early and substantial investment in Capture technologies development Integrated power plant expertise (EPC supplier of turnkey power plant) Component supplier experience (major equipt in 25% of the world installed base)

Partnership with Schlumberger to cover the entire CCS chain

Provisions in arrangement planning

Steam Turbine:reservations in turbine design for future

steam extraction

Steam Turbine:reservations in turbine design for future

steam extraction

Electrical & Control Building:

Extra space

Electrical & Control Building:

Extra space

Transformer Area:installing an isolated bus

Transformer Area:installing an isolated bus

Stack duct:potential longer

stack duct

Stack duct:potential longer

stack duct

Waste Water Treatment System: foresee interconnection with power block WWTS Waste Water Treatment System: foresee interconnection with power block WWTS

FGD:leaving space for upgrade

FGD:leaving space for upgrade

Optimisation of theBoiler heat transfer surfaces

according Modificationsof heat load sharing

Optimisation of theBoiler heat transfer surfaces

according Modificationsof heat load sharing

Optimisation of the cooling system recovery of heat in CO2 capture and

compression

Optimisation of the cooling system recovery of heat in CO2 capture and

compression

Alstom – CO2 Capture Systems - P 52


P 53

Under realistic assumptions and with a conservative variation range, CCS is already competitive on coal and gas from 2017

CCS competitiveness against other low carbon alternatives in Europe in 2012-17

Source : Alstom analysis 2012. CCS Post amine 2017 costs, including on shore T&S and CO2 price (Flue Gas Recirculation case for CCS Gas CC) - Cost for firming intermittent Power Generation not accounted

Íncludes 14 EUR/t CO2 price


P 54

Hardcoal CCS power plantSensitivity analysis - CoE 2032

Fuel cost, Economic life, WACC have a strong impact

EUR 2032

Base case: Post amine, on-shore T&S, no CO2 price


P 55

EURCoE €/MWh net

Hardcoal CCS power plantCost of Electricity (CoE) without CO2 Price

NAM SEA

• All with T&S in on-shore saline aquifer

EUR 2032: CCS => +45% increase in CoE; NAM/SEA: lower CoE

CoE €/MWh net CoE €/MWh net


P 56

Hardcoal CCS power plantFuel and Capex/Opex contribution in CoE

€ / MWh net

CoE Ref Plant & Incremental CCS in 2030

Regional differences in Fuel, Capex/Opex costs

High capex, expensive coal Cheap coal, lower efficiency low Capex, expensive coal


P 57

Hardcoal CCS Power Plant Post AmineCO2 price impact, base case on-shore T&S

2025: CO2 price 42 €/tCO2 => ref & CCS plants CoE = 82 €/MWh A relatively low CO2 price could trigger the CCS deployment


P 58

Conclusion

Alstom: a key partner in CCS!

• Fossil Plants will still remain for several decades

• Reducing CO2 emissions from these plants is an absolute need to limit global warming to 2 °C (the current path leads to 6°C !)

• CCS is the only alternative to do it. It is competitive and affordable on both gas and coal

• Alstom is currently developing CO2 capture technologies and is on the good path to commercialise the technology by 2016-17

• Large scale demonstrators must happen now to validate the technology on time

• Policy instruments are needed to support demonstration and early commercial phases (ex: FITs...)

• Retrofitable CCS technologies and CCS-Ready are also a must to reach CO2 target

www.alstom.com

Thank You!!!

Ludger [email protected]


VT-HS-MA - Entkarbonisierung der Stromerzeugung durch CCS - 02/Okt/2009 - P 60

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% 55% 60%Overall Plant Efficiency

Spec

ific

CO2-

Emiss

ions

[g

/kW

h]

Lignite

Hard Coal

Natural Gas

Hard Coal with20% Biomasse

Service and Retrofit New equipment

Backup CO2 reduction of new and existing units

CO2-Reduction through High Efficiency and Smart Fuel Selection

Average Germany

New Plants2009 New Plants

2020

New Plants2009

Production efficiency

Documents

CO2 Capture Systems