CO-ORDINATOR: KIM NIELSEN, KIN@RAMBOLL.DK, RAMBOLL DANMARK A/S, TEKNIKERBYEN 31, DK 2800 VIRUM

Contract number: 502701

EU FP6 Priority: 6.1.3.2.3,

Renewable Energy Technologies

Co-ordinated Action on Ocean Energy

CA-OE

Wave and Tidal Power

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List of Content

Introduction.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

Scope and Objectives............................................................................................................................................................................ 2

Results & Conclusions......................................................................................................................................................................... 2

Common knowledge base.............................................................................................................................................................. 3 Basic research............................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Prototype testing at scaled test sites and system design.............................................................................................................. 3 Full scale testing of single systems and systems in array........................................................................................................... 4

Progression of the Project Activities................................................................................................................................................... 4

Kick off meeting, November 3rd 2004, Copenhagen.................................................................................................................. 4

WP 1: Workshop 1 Numerical and experimental modelling April 4 – 5, 2005 Denmark.................................................. 5 Pre-conference workshop at the 6

th European Wave Energy Conference Learning experience from prototype testing at sea

August 30, 2005, Glasgow,.......................................................................................................................................................... 5 EMEC Standards & Guidelines Workshop 2nd September 2005............................................................................................... 5

WP 2: Workshop 2 Component Technologies and Power Take-off November 1-2, 2005 Sweden................................... 5

WP 3 Workshop 3 System design, Construction, Reliability & Safety March 30 -31 2006 Holland................................ 6 IEA-OES Annex II workshop 29th of March 2006 in Amsterdam............................................................................................ 7 INCO proposal CA-OETTC........................................................................................................................................................ 7 International Conference on Ocean Energy Bremerhaven, Germany, October 23-24, 2006.................................................. 7

WP 4 Workshop 4 Performance Monitoring of Ocean Energy Systems November 16-18 2006 Portugal...................... 8 18th November 2006, Visit to PELAMIS, Peniche Shipyard, OPD......................................................................................... 8

WP5: Workshop 5 Environmental, Economics, Development Policy and Promotion of Opportunities April 25 - 27

2007 Denmark................................................................................................................................................................................. 9

Recommendations for further R&D................................................................................................................................................. 10

Pre-conference Workshop Combine Theory and Practise September 10, 2007, Porto Portugal.................................... 10 WS1 Numerical modelling and laboratory testing ................................................................................................................... 10 WS2 Component Technology and Power Take-off recommendations................................................................................... 10 WS 3 System design, construction, reliability & safety, .......................................................................................................... 11 WS4 Performance Monitoring of Ocean Energy Systems ...................................................................................................... 12 WS 5 Development policy Socio economics Integration with other RES & Environmental Impacts.................................. 12

Training & Exchange of Personnel............................................................................................................................................ 14

Road Map for Tidal Energy Research and Development .............................................................................................................. 15

Ocean Energy Glossary..................................................................................................................................................................... 15

Brochure on Ocean Energy Conversion in Europe ....................................................................................................................... 16 Ocean Energy Activities 2007................................................................................................................................................... 16 Resource contribution ................................................................................................................................................................ 17

Press .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 17

Publications in Journals.................................................................................................................................................................... 17

Background and History ................................................................................................................................................................... 18

Partners in the Project:...................................................................................................................................................................... 20

Associated partners ...................................................................................................................................................................... 21

Acknowledgement:....................................................................................................................................................................... 23

Co-ordinated Action within Ocean Energy

Introduction

Within the dynamic evolution of renewable energy also the ocean energy industry is emerging. Ocean energy technologies are not yet economically competitive with more mature technologies, as e.g. wind energy and presently many different approaches to harvest Ocean Energy are being investigated. The oceans cover 75% of the world surface and as such ocean energy is a global resource. The oceans make different forms of renewable energy available such as waves, currents, tides, and thermal and salinity gradients. Ways to exploit these high energy density resources are being investigated worldwide. In the future Ocean Energy can replace a significant part of the fossil fuel used today, when the principles for conversion have been successfully demonstrated and put into mass production. Presently only a few different systems are being tested in pre-commercial scale and thus initial practical experience gained.

Figure 1 Emerging Wave and Tidal Energy Technologies being tested at sea

Within the Co-ordinated Action on Ocean Energy this new knowledge and emerging research which are results from Wave and Tidal technologies are disseminated, promoted and shared. The partners must thus agree on definitions, standards in design and costing, and be open to present the performance results of the systems involved. This approach is expected in the future to provide comparable presentations of different methodologies and accelerate the development of Ocean Energy Systems.

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Scope and Objectives

The development of Ocean Energy activities has been scattered in different countries for shorter and different periods of time. The need for co-ordination was seen missing and the Co-ordinated Action was taken. The project started on 1st of October 2004 and ended 31st of December 2007.

The main objectives are: � To develop a common knowledge base necessary for coherent development of R&D

policies.

� To bring a co-ordinated approach within key areas of ocean energy research and development.

� To provide a forum for the longer term marketing of promising research deliverables.

To meet these objectives The Co-ordination Action on Ocean Energy organized five thematic interactive workshops, to enable cooperation between the interested European parties in the Ocean Energy sector, to disseminate the knowledge and promote the technologies.

� Workshop 1, Numerical Modelling and Tank testing

� Workshop 2, Components & Power take-off

� Workshop 3, Structural design

� Workshop 4, Performance assessment

� Workshop 5, Environmental impact

The Co-ordinated Action on Ocean Energy included 41 partners from 15 countries and 4 INCO partners. The partners of The Co-ordinated Action are the leading force in the field of Ocean Energy and the SME organizations pioneer on the road to commercialisation of Ocean Energy systems. Additional 45 companies and institutions have been registered as associated partners during the period and six INCO partners representing Mexico, Indonesia, China, Russia and India were included in the last project year.

Results & Conclusions

The Co-ordinated Action has promoted and disseminated promising methodologies and technologies for the conversion of Ocean Energy into electricity and further generated awareness to a wider public.

Frequent workshops attended by the partners and associated partners combined with exchange of personnel have generated clusters of research groups taking further research activities of common interest into new European R&D projects.

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Common knowledge base

Coherent development policies within Ocean Energy in the EU countries can be achieved based on a common knowledge base in the form of a roadmap for Ocean Energy – the road map indicates where we are, where to go – which steps to take and a sensible order of actions. The roadmap must have some kind of memory – actions which have already been taken, by whom and where.

In this project links have been created between partners and the EU-OES has been formed in order to maintain the knowledge base and interaction network. The interaction must take place within the following areas:

� Basic Research

� Prototype testing at scaled test sites

� Full scale testing of single systems and systems in array

Basic research

Universities having Ocean Energy as a theme have been regarded as being quite successful in capturing new students and researchers. The theme is well suited for introducing cooperation between the many skills and disciplines required within ocean energy developments. Basic research also includes testing of small scale systems and concepts in wave flumes and wave tanks. Guidelines for testing in laboratories have been drafted as Annex II under IEA – OES. Such tests can be helpful in development of new principles as well as testing improvements of existing system principles. The numerical modelling relating to device performance, survival and extreme loads are also areas which are closely related to the physical testing and basic research. Improvement and development of new principles and technologies can emerge from the interaction between developers and universities. Interaction between the researchers in this area and projects operating in the sea is to be encouraged and continuously stimulated i.e. through EU research programmes. Research in materials, corrosion protection and new components are examples of areas that can help improve the economics of Ocean Energy. The training and education of new candidates is the foundation for future development. Prototype testing at scaled test sites and system design

Prototype testing in real sea conditions in smaller scale is important in two ways – First of all the technical side to obtain verification of power production, operation, system design and behaviour under real sea conditions and secondly the development of public acceptance, investor confidence and PR. Prototype testing in half scale is relatively less expensive compared to full-scale tests. The structures are smaller and the equipment required for handling and operating the systems at sea is less costly.

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In order to obtain successful results from testing in scaled sites, the sites should have sufficient wave measurement equipment and hind cast wave data for planning and designing the tests. Full scale testing of single systems and systems in array

Full-scale testing requires cooperation between experienced, well-documented conversion principles and sufficient funds. Projects can benefit from the transfer of know-how by teaming up with partners from the offshore industry or offshore wind energy. The full-scale prototype testing at dedicated sites can help accelerate the development provided secondary aspects such as permits, cable installations infrastructures, monitoring and housing of staff are already in place. In relation to full-scale testing, the development of standards is important. Standards can help define how tests should be carried out in order to obtain sufficient documentation for the device performance, operation, maintenance, installation and safety. Coherent standards can help international development.

Progression of the Project Activities

Kick off meeting, November 3rd 2004, Copenhagen

The project kick-off meeting was held in November 2004 in Copenhagen, Denmark - one month after the project started. All partners attended and the objectives and planning of the workshops was discussed. Following the kick-off meeting a joint workshop on grid connection was arranged by IEA-OES at their 7th Exco meeting in Copenhagen, as well as a joint technical tour to the Wave Dragon being tested in Nissum Bredning.

Figure 1 Visit to the Wave dragon in scale 1:4.5 being tested at the test site in Nissum Bredning

The WEB-page developed by Ramboll for the CA-OE project members was presented and the partners were given the username and password to access the restricted site. On the restricted site all workshop presentations and publications have been uploaded www.Ramboll-wave.com. Password and username can be requested by sending an e-mail to the co-ordinator.

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WP 1: Workshop 1 Numerical and experimental modelling

April 4 – 5, 2005 Denmark

The first workshop was held at Aalborg University, Denmark. The topic of the workshop was covered by a number of presentations introducing new modelling techniques and examples of testing ocean energy systems in different scales. The workshop provided the opportunity for Ocean Energy Developers to share expertise and find assistance in device modelling and testing among the university partners of the project. The summary report from the first workshop can be downloaded from the link below: http://www.eu-oea.com/euoea/files/ccLibraryFiles/Filename/000000000453/WP1workshop.pdf Pre-conference workshop at the 6th European Wave Energy Conference

Learning experience from prototype testing at sea

August 30, 2005, Glasgow,

The Partners of the CA-OE project and EPSRC Supergen Marine1 project arranged a pre-conference workshop prior to the 6th European Wave Energy Conference in order for the project partners to meet and to promote the Co-ordinated Action for a wider audience. The main topic for the event was learning experience from prototype testing at sea and the partners presenting their experiences were: o Ocean Power Delivery o Archimedes Wave Swing o WaveGen o Wave Dragon During the conference the initiative to form a European Ocean Energy Association was taken to help promote development towards implementation and commercial exploitation beyond the ca-oea project. The association has the web-address. www.eu-oea.com. EMEC Standards & Guidelines Workshop 2nd September 2005

The purpose of this workshop was to identify which standards & guidelines are required, and map out their scope and process of development. The workshop was arranged by EMEC and attended by about 20 participants.

WP 2: Workshop 2 Component Technologies and Power Take-off

November 1-2, 2005 Sweden

Uppsala University, Sweden arranged and hosted the second workshop. A range of different options for Power take–off systems were presented and discussed such as linear generators transforming, the oscillating forces and movements directly into electricity as developed by Uppsala, oil hydraulics as used in the Pelamis project, water turbines as used in the Wave Dragon project and air turbines as used in OWC´s such as the Pico and Limpet systems. Other components such as moorings were also presented and discussed. The summary report from the second workshop can be downloaded from: http://www.eu-oea.com/euoea/files/ccLibraryFiles/Filename/000000000454/WP2workshop.pdf 1 UK EPSRC Project, 5 partners; £2.25 million, duration Oct 2003 – Sept. 2007

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Following the workshop, two events were arranged in Brussels in order to promote and disseminate the knowledge about the Ocean Energy Technologies: Communicating European Research 2005 Brussels 14-15 November 2005 Energies for Europe - Research in Action conference Brussels 21-22 November 2005 At these events several of the CA-OE project partners attended and promoted Ocean Energy in general as well as their individual technologies. At the second event The European Wave Energy Association was presented to the public as a spin-off from the CA-OE for the first time.

WP 3 Workshop 3 System design, Construction, Reliability & Safety

March 30 -31 2006 Holland

The 3rd CA-OE Workshop was held on 30-31st March 2006 at the Lloyd Hotel in Amsterdam and was organised by Ecofys. The topic of the Workshop was System Design, Construction, Reliability & Safety.

Figure 2 Workshop 3 at the Lloyds Hotel in Amsterdam

During two days, 27 presentations were shown while the breakout sessions provided a way of interacting, sharing and learning amongst the participants. The topics of the break out sessions were:

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• “Speed dating” using “NEEDS and OFFERS” of each participant related to construction and production of ocean energy systems

• Discussion groups on Guidelines (3 groups) • Exercise in Failure Modes Effects Analysis (FMEA) (5 groups) • Plenary Workshop Evaluation Five invited speakers were present: Diederik Samsom (PvdA) from the Dutch government, Claudio Bittencourt Ferreira from DNV, Kimon Argyriadis from Germanische Lloyd, Rod Hacker from Halcrow and Jan van der Tempel from TU Delft. Many of the workshop discussions and interviews were filmed by a Dutch internet TV producer www.new-energy.tv Hosting the workshop with all partners staying at the same hotel contributed to a very pleasant atmosphere. Due to the fact that everything was within walking distance and no transportation was needed there was more time and less stress. The summary report from the third workshop can be downloaded via the link below: http://www.eu-oea.com/euoea/files/ccLibraryFiles/Filename/000000000455/WP3workshop.pdf IEA-OES Annex II workshop 29th of March 2006 in Amsterdam.

Prior to the WS 3 also held at the Lloyds Hotel a workshop on Guidelines for Open Sea Testing” was held as part of the Annex II extension under the IEA-OES. The workshop was attended by 20 partners and gave a good feedback with regard to the structure and content of such guidelines. Kim Nielsen is operating agent for the Annex II.

INCO proposal CA-OETTC

During workshop 3 the possibility of submitting a proposal for inclusion of INCO partners was discussed and agreed. The proposal was submitted 16th of May 2006. The proposal was selected for funding and negotiated during 31st of July – 13th of October 2006. The six INCO partners were included by 1/11/ 2006 (Amendment 3 to the contract). The INCO partners represent India, Indonesia, Mexico and China. Each of these partners has produced reports on Ocean Energy activities in their respective countries. International Conference on Ocean Energy

Bremerhaven, Germany, October 23-24, 2006

This new conference event ICOE brought together research and development, industries, project developers, utilities, policy makers and organizations involved in ocean energy. The first conference was organized by OTTI Germany. The Commission arranged on 25th of October 2006 a “Contractors day”. Among the EU projects presented the CA-OE project and the midterm review were discussed.

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WP 4 Workshop 4 Performance Monitoring of Ocean Energy Systems

November 16-18 2006 Portugal

INETTI arranged the workshop in Lisbon. Emerging standards for monitoring device testing were presented and discussed and differences between the many different approaches to wave and tidal energy conversion were considered. The different monitoring methods required by different converters were discussed.

Specifications for real sea performance data requires presentation of the power produced under a defined and agreed set of sea states with specified operating and control conditions for the system. Providing guidelines for best methods to accurately determine the sea state characteristics of the location in which the device is deployed is high priority.

In order to obtain a complete system identification all sub-processes involved in the “wave-to-wire” conversion of power must be defined. Methods as using results from monitoring together with developed software tool efficiencies for each device component could be employed to create a clear picture of the overall device performances for different sea states. The data acquired during these open sea prototype tests further allow the validation of wave basin tests and numerical software.

Performance assessment protocols will benefit all involved and care must be taken to develop comprehensive, robust and consistent procedures recognized and accepted by all concerned. Initial protocols were presented and discussed. The summary report from workshop 4 can be downloaded from the link:

http://www.eu-oea.com/euoea/files/ccLibraryFiles/Filename/000000000456/WP4workshop.pdf

18th November 2006, Visit to PELAMIS, Peniche Shipyard, , , , OPD

On Saturday a visit to the shipyard with 3 prototypes of the Pelamis getting prepared for installation and with a combined rating of 2.25MW was arranged. The trip gave a good impression of the converter size.

Figure 3 Pelamis at Port of Peniche prior to installation 5km off northern Portugal.

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WP5: Workshop 5 Environmental, Economics, Development Policy and Promotion

of Opportunities April 25 - 27 2007 Denmark

Spok prepared the last workshop at the conference Centre Rungstedgaard, situated north of Copenhagen. The program was established partly by inviting presentations from the key players in the CA-OE and partly by a few invited speakers who presented information on issues not covered by the partners.

Prior to the workshop a 3 days WAVETRAIN2 training course was organised focusing on one of the themes: Environment impact of ocean energy devices. Background material used for this course was all publicly available. Environment Impact Assessment data from device developers and test sites. The conclusions from this course were presented at the workshop session 5. During the breakout sessions the developers were asked to prepare input to the discussion covering three of the themes: Theme 1: Environment impacts from their devices, and expected mitigations.

Theme 2: Most important RTD barriers to overcome and the 5 most important barriers related to planning in order to reach the MW-target (specify for minimum 3 countries) and also a time line for the development from first pre-commercial device to commercial marketing relevant for their device.

Theme 3: Preferred incentive system to bring the technology on the market.

The summery report from the workshop is available on the below link: http://www.eu-oea.com/euoea/files/ccLibraryFiles/Filename/000000000457/WP5workshop.pdf In connection with the workshop, an excursion by boat from Rungsted to the offshore wind farm Middelgrunden just outside Copenhagen, was arranged on the 28th. In fact some of the partners were dropped off from the boat at the airport.

Figure 4 Excursion by boat from Rungsted to Copenhagen Middelgrunden Wind Mill Park

2 WAVETRAIN is an EU training program Marie Curie Action.

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Recommendations for further R&D

Pre-conference Workshop Combine Theory and Practise

September 10, 2007, Porto Portugal

Prior to the 7th EWTEC conference in Porto, once again the CA-OE project arranged a pre-conference workshop to draw the conference participants’ attention to the project and to sum up the recommendations from the workshops for further R&D. The recommendations related to each workshop are as follows:

WS1 Numerical modelling and laboratory testing

� Small scale facilities needed for design

� Large scale facilities needed for detailed design and validation

The trend is: Increasing facility sizes. There is a need to consider the purpose of test rather than just going for the largest scale. There is a need for development.

� Indicative numerical models for design

� Detailed numerical models for detailed design and validation/certification

There is a lack of integrated models: Wave to wire models and there is a need for advances in modelling within the following areas:

� Better understanding and work on scale effects (Can replace large scale facilities eventually and reduce costs)

� Modelling on fatigue/life of components

� Benchmarks for typical devices/components

Short term on numerical models:

� Resource mapping (shallow water). Boussinesq/Mild slope

� Integration of numerical models: Wave+Hydro+PTO+Elec.

Long term on numerical models:

� Experience with CFD. Reference cases needed

WS2 Component Technology and Power Take-off recommendations

The conclusions from this workshop point towards the need for further work in the following areas:

� Deploy more systems in the sea and collect experience over longer periods of time

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� Development of a design protocol for components including grid connection

� Development of a Maintenance log book for exchange of experience

� Develop low cost mooring systems and fast connections

� Promote policy for publishing performance results

WS 3 System design, construction, reliability & safety,

Guidelines on design and operation of wave energy converters exist today, such as: DNV, 2005, DNV Offshore Service Specification (OSS-312), 2006.

Guidelines for the Certification of Ocean Energy Converters, Part 1: Ocean Current Turbines, Germanischer Lloyd, 2005.

There is a difference between system design philosophies reflected in offshore codes, wave device design and a need for adaptive guidelines. The consequences of failure are much smaller for an unmanned wave device, than for an offshore manned platform.

Off the shelf standard equipment used in a WEC device may be subject to different load combinations and thus considerations about dominant failure modes should be made.

There is consensus on (Adaptive) guidelines in which measurement campaign and learning from experience are built into an experience database, flow fields and loading cases.

Production and construction methods

Training of OE developers by the offshore construction industry should be encouraged. Gaps in material research, corrosion, durability, fatigue loading related to WEC construction should be identified.

Research into production time – of wave and tidal power plants (related to capacity) should be carried out to better predict how long-term goals could be reached.

Early consultation of offshore parties is recommended.

Deployment and maintenance procedures

Proprietary component failure, including considerations on moorings, durability of materials and corrosion, remote operation, remote fault diagnostics, and condition monitoring will be essential in a production device.

Weather windows related to different sites should be made available for planning purposes. Development of Monte Carlo models for reliability & availability of wave farm.

Influence of insurance guidelines (simulation of installation should be given more attention to avoid over design)

Collaboration between industries, training of developers by offshore experts and early consultation to avoid design errors is recommended.

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WS4 Performance Monitoring of Ocean Energy Systems

The real sea performance monitoring and specification of wave power converters may be quite different from one converter to another and therefore complete systems identification should be performed.

Monitoring together with specific developed software tools should be used to get performance data, or efficiencies, for each of the device components involved in the power conversion process.

Monitoring is also important when defining the most suitable control strategies for the devices.

The post-processing of the acquired data is fundamental and should fall upon time domain, statistical and spectral analysis, in order to get relevant device parameters.

The quality of measured data is off course important.

Most prototype sea tests done so far, have allowed validation of wave basin tests and numerical device models.

When defining the overall performance, the sea state characteristics for the location where the device is deployed must be determined accurately.

IEA-OES Annex II presents guidelines for the development and testing of Ocean Energy Systems to ensure that results can be compared for different wave energy converters.

Monitoring and specification of real sea performance data for tidal wave energy converters - much work remains to be done in understanding the detailed behaviour of the resource.

A performance assessment protocol is to the benefit of all and care must be taken to develop a comprehensive, robust and consistent procedure recognized and accepted by all concerned

� DTI, Heriot-Watt University and the University of Edinburgh have developed a wave energy protocol.

� DTI and University of Edinburgh have defined standards for tidal current energy.

These two protocols were presented and discussed at the workshop and all concerned have been encouraged to comment in order to ensure accept as wide as possible of wave and tidal energy device performance protocols.

WS 5 Development policy Socio economics Integration with other RES &

Environmental Impacts

The following recommendations are the result of the group discussions related to workshop 5: � Planning system has to be simplified and made explicit.

� Market driven incentives are preferred; let the developer take the technical risk.

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� Incentives like feed-in tariff are preferred; it is OK if these are decreasing in time, but the tariff has to be fixed when deployed.

� No MW limit in the planning of demonstration units including arrays. If needed specify number of units.

� Prepare in good time for the infrastructure, like grid access.

� Accept some unknown environmental impact on the sea in perspective of the positive climate impact; the only way to study is often to deploy.

� Support should be given to baseline studies and follow up programs related to the environmental impact; but don’t investigate everything everywhere.

� Establish a better balance between funding of research and demonstration projects, i.e. make sure that the finance is separated in such a way that unforeseen costs of i.e. deployment does not reduce the research budget.

Figure 5 Site visit to OE Buoy in Galway bay March 1st 2007 following the FP7 Ocean and

Wind Technologies EU Conference & Brokerage Event Royal Irish Academy, Dublin

(Ireland) – 28 February 2007

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Training & Exchange of Personnel

The objective of the personnel exchange component in the CA is to strengthen the expertise required for further successful development by mobility and exchange of personnel. The frequent workshops between the partners and the possibility of arranging exchange visits are also expected to generate clusters of research groups who will focus on research activities of common interest.

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TOTAL=34 985 €

Figure 6 Cost related to the different exchange visits

During the project period 19 candidates have applied for the CA-OE exchange programme and 16 completed their exchange visit with a budget as shown on the figure above. Below are some of the reports produced by the trainees. The reports are available on the restricted webpage.

Modelling of Interaction of Waves with Floating and Fixed Bodies - Visit to University Hannover & Technical University Braunschweig Shirin SHUKRIEVA, Nov 2005 On-line country matrix for policy issues and national practice with relevance to ocean-energy Frank Neumann, April 2006 Tidal-energy device “Kobold” by Ponte di Archimede is going to Indonesia with support of UNIDO: Socio – Economic impacts of the project: A European renewable technology to an extra-EU Country. By Veronica La Regina (WEC), Aug 2006 Wave Climate in the North Sea By Charlotte Beels, Dec 2006 Part I: Mooring design Case Study, using data for the Galway Bay Test Site Part II: Free surface hydrodynamics and a frequency domain model of a wave energy device John Fitzgerald, Aug 2006

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Summary Notes of the Wavetrain course at Edinburgh University regarding Power Take Off Systems Alan Henry, Dec 2006 Wave Characteristics Estimation: based on Results from sea trials in Pico OWC Wave Energy Plant, Azores Animesh Panda, July 2007 Basics in numerical time domain simulation of a heaving point absorber By Griet De Backer, Jan 2007

Road Map for Tidal Energy Research and Development

At the management meeting in Brussels in January 2006 it was decided to compile a road map for Ocean Energy development with Cameron Johnstone from Strathclyde University taking the lead. A number of meetings with Edinburgh University (involved with the UK ERC and the development of a road map on Marine Energy) had been held to identify how best to forward the road maps and clarify, concise, non-conflicting statements to avoid contradictions between the different road map productions. A road map consists of five key elements:

� Policy goals

� Vision

� Platforms

� Strategic objectives

� Milestones

The road map has been limited to deal with tidal power and the report is available on the EU-OES webpage following the below link, the road map further includes a state of the art description of tidal generation systems. http://www.eu-oea.com/euoea/files/ccLibraryFiles/Filename/000000000458/European%20Tidal%20Roadmap.pdf

Ocean Energy Glossary

In addition to the defined deliverables in the work programme the ca-oe partners agreed to prepare the basis for a glossary for Ocean Energy. The document was prepared in co-operation with IEA-OES implementing agreement. The glossary can be downloaded from the site: http://www.iea-oceans.org/_fich/6/Ocean_Energy_Glossary_(1).pdf

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Brochure on Ocean Energy Conversion in Europe

A publication “Ocean Energy Conversion in Europe, recent advancements and prospects” has been written and printed for dissemination in 3000 copies by CRES. The publication gives an overview of some of the activities and prospects in Europe and can be downloaded from the below link.

http://www.eu-oea.com/euoea/files/ccLibraryFiles/Filename/000000000590/CA-

OE%20BROCHURE%20v.4.8.2006.pdf

Ocean Energy Activities 2007

To provide a snapshot of ongoing projects, some of the important projects are presented below. The best way to keep updated on the different projects is using the Internet and web-addresses. � A 750 kW Pelamis wave energy converter developed by Ocean Power Delivery in

operation in Scotland. Three machines of a total capacity of 2.25 MW awaiting installation in Portugal and several devices under construction for deployment in arrays in England and Scotland.

� A ¼ scale prototype of the Danish Wave Dragon has been tested in open sheltered sea for several years. A multi-megawatt demonstration project is currently being built for deployment in Wales and the initial steps have been taken for a 50 MW array in Portugal.

� Wavegen in Scotland has successfully operated a 500 kW shore-based oscillating water column operating for over 5 years.

� Lunar Energy is building a multi-megawatt Rotech Tidal Turbine for deployment in Scotland and has formed a partnership with E.ON to develop a tidal stream power project of up to 8 MWs in the sea off the west coast in the UK.

� A 500 kW tidal current turbine has been operated by Marine Current Turbines off the southwest coast of the UK and a 1 MW commercial system is currently being built for deployment in Ireland.

� Several developers are approaching the prototype demonstration stage, e.g. in Norway, Wave Energy AS is developing and testing its SSG system and Fred Olsens test platform Buldra.

� Sweden has established a test zone for testing the performance and environmental impact of point absorbers moored to the sea bed.

� Ireland has established a test site in Galway Bay for testing half scale wave power systems and two systems has been tested: The Wave Bob and OE Buoy.

� Several developers are deploying large-scale prototypes outside Europe, with a view to expanding into the European market in the near future (e.g. Finavera’s megawatt-scale AquaBuOY system in USA and Canada; Energetech’s 1.5 MW OWCs in Australia).

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Several national and international actions are already in place to help ocean energy systems develop further

� Portugal has introduced a premium price of 0,3€ / kWh for electricity from wave

energy devices and a pilot zone for development and testing of wave farms.

� The UK and the European Commission have established a European Marine Energy Centre EMEC in Scotland for testing of wave and tidal current devices.

� A 15 MW WaveHub is being developed for the south west of the UK including submarine cables and submerged connecters for attaching several wave energy converters.

Resource contribution

Assuming the significant R&D efforts in ocean technologies continue significant investments are secured and the technologies matures and survives the harsh environment of the ocean. This would mean that 10 to 14 GW installed capacity could be available in the EU by 2020, rising to 50 - 85 GW by 2050.

Press

As co-ordinator of the EU-project, The Parliament Magazine frequently called to offer publication space, typically half a page for 2500€. The project was presented in the October 2005, June 2007, and Nov. 2007 issues of the Parliament Magazine. These publications were considered to serve their purpose well in order to disseminate and create awareness of the project among the 17000 Parliament readers

Publications in Journals

The project has been presented at the World Renewable Energy Conference in Florence and published in the proceedings.

‘EC FPVI Coordinated Action on Ocean Energy: A European programme for the

advancement of ocean energy systems’ Proc. 9th World Renewable Energy Congress 06’ Florence, Italy, 19 Aug – 25 Aug, 2006. K. Nielsen, C.M. Johnstone, T. Lewis, A. Sarmento, and G. Lemonis.

And in the Renewable Energy International Journal,

EC FPVI Coordinated Action on Ocean Energy: A European platform for sharing technical

information and research outcomes in wave and tidal energy systems, Renewable Energy International Journal, Elservier, UK, February 2006, ISSN: 0960-1481 C.M. Johnstone, K. Nielsen, T. Lewis, A. Sarmento, and G. Lemonis

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Background and History

Principles for generating power from waves and tidal streams go back in time more than one hundred years. Tide mills have been in use along the Atlantic coast using the predictable tide to power the grinding of grain – such as the Birlot mill built in 1630th. Ocean wave powered systems for practical purposes however have only in very few cases been built in the past, but the richness in ideas can be traced in the numerous patents filed since the end of the 18th century.

In 1967 the 240 MW tidal barrages La Rance was built and today the tidal plant have been in operation for more then 40 years producing approximately 540.000.000 kWh per year.

However the “modern” history of ocean energy started in fact as a reaction to the first major energy crises around 1973. The initiatives and achievements are well documented in conference proceedings from conferences held regularly since the first international wave energy symposium was held in Gothenburg in 1979. At this symposium the major results from the UK wave research and developments programme were presented as well as results from offshore wave energy tests carried out in Japan.

Several of the partners involved in the Co-ordinated Action on Ocean Energy project have co-operated since this first symposium in Sweden. Among these, Antonio Falcao, Stephen Salter, Alain Clement, Kim Nielsen, Lasse Bergdahl and Tony Lewis shown on the below photos taken during the CA-OE project period.

During the 1980s the energy crisis seemed to pass and the research wave energy programmes in UK, Sweden and Norway terminated. Two projects continued in these years: The Islay OWC in the UK and the Danish Wave Power Float Pump Project in Denmark.

In 1991 the EU initiated the preliminary action on Ocean Energy, and wave energy slowly started to come alive. The regular series of European conferences on Wave and Tidal Energy are results of the Preliminary Action on Ocean Energy. The preliminary action was in 1994 followed by an umbrella of EU funded wave energy projects such as the OWEC-1 project, the OWC Azores project, the Wave Atlas, and the component project of adjustable turbine blade.

In 1998 the four year Danish Wave Energy programme was announced and in the period 2000 - 2003 the Commission funded the European Thematic Network on Wave Energy including 18 partners. Since 1999 the UK re-entered the research and development in

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Ocean Energy implementing an umbrella of dedicated support schemes such as the Supergen programme, the EMEC wave and tidal testing facilities, Marine Renewables Deployment Fund and The Carbon Trust’s Marine Energy Challenge programme, combined with strategic policy papers such as the 2003 Energy White Paper “Our energy future – creating a low carbon economy “.

In the year 2001 the Implementing Agreement on Ocean Energy, IEA-OES was initiated by the UK, Portugal and Denmark and ultimo 2007 further 9 countries have joined: Ireland, Canada, Japan, USA, Mexico, Norway, Belgium, Germany and EU.

The conferences on wave and tidal energy are listed below:

1979 First International Wave Energy Symposium, Göthengorg, Sweden

1982 Wave Energy Utilisation Norwegian Institute of Technology, Norway

1985 Utilization of Ocean Wave Eenrgy, UTAM symposium, Portugal

1986 Utilization of Ocean Waves, wave to energy conversion, USA

1991 Third Symposium on Ocean Wave Energy, Utilisation JAMSTEC, Japan

1993 1st European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference, Edinburgh, UK

1996 2nd European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference, Lisbon, Portugal

1998 3rd European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference, Patras, Greece

2001 4th European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference, Aalborg, Denmark

2003 5th European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference, Cork, Ireland

2005 6th European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference, Glasgow, UK

2006 International Conference on Ocean Energy, Bremerhaven, Germany

2007 7th European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference, Porto, Portugal

The ocean energy sector has grown significantly over the last 5 - 7 years with the deployment of several demonstration devices, creation of test centres, resulting in a high degree of interest in ocean energy both in Europe and worldwide. The International Conference on Ocean Energy hosted in Bremerhaven has started a new line of ocean energy conferences ICOE with a more commercial focus compared to the EWTEC conferences.

The European Ocean Energy Association (EU-OEA) was founded during the 6th EWTEC conference and formally established in 2006. The association represents this emerging ocean energy sector and its main aim is the promotion of the development of ocean energy and raising awareness in Europe and internationally. The formation of the EU-OEA is seen as the continuation of the network established during this project and therefore the logical place to seek updated information on ocean energy. www.eu-oea.com

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Partners in the Project:

Core-group Partners name Institution Co-ordinator Kim Nielsen RAMBØLL DK Workshop co-ordination Cameron Johnstone University of Strathclyde UK Public relation George Lemonis CRESS GR Web page Tony Lewis University College Cork, HMRC IE Training activities Antonio Sarrmento Wave Energy Centre PT Ocean Energy Developers Wave Energy Max Carcas; Chris Retzler Ocean Power Delivery Ltd UK Wave Energy Fred Ernest Gardner Teamwork technology BV NL Wave Energy Trevor Whitaker, Cuan Boake Queens University Belfast UK Wave Energy Antonio Falcao Instituto Superior Technico PT Wave Energy Alla Weinstein Aqua Energy UK, Ldt UK Wave Energy Erik Friis-Madsen Wave Dragon ApS DK Wave Energy Erik Athur Rossen Ingenioerfirma Eric Rossen DK Wave Energy John McCarthy, Michael Whelan Ocean Energy Limited IE Wave Energy Erik Skaarup WavePlane Production A/S DK Tidal Energy Huw Traylor IT Power UK Tidal Energy Christopher Day C J Day Associates UK Tidal Energy Antonio Fiorentino Ponte di Archimedes S.p.A IT Tidal Energy Dano (J.A.) Roelvink UNESCO-IHE NL Tidal Energy Cyrille Abonnel Electricité de France FR R&D institutions Wp1 Leader Peter Frigaard Aalborg University DK

Stephen Salter The University of Edinburgh UK Alain Clement Ecole Centrale de Nantes FR Bernard Molin Group ESIM FR

Dr. Kostadin Yossifov Bulgarian Ship Hydrodynamics Centre BG

AS Bahaj University of Southampton UK Mark Vantorre Ghent University BE Joacim Gruene Universität Hannover DE

Wp2 Leader Mats Leijon Uppsala University, Division for Electricity and Lightening Reserch SE

Demos Georgiou University of Patras GR Lars Bergdahl Chalmers tekniska högskola AB SE Henk Polinder Technische Universiteit Delft NL Wilfred Knapp Technische Universitaet Muenchen DE Spyros Mavrakos National Technical University of

Athens, Naval Arrch & Mar Engng. GR

Wp 3 Leader Peter Scheijground Ecofys bv NL Paulo Justino Instituto Nacional de Engenharia e

Tecnologia Industrial PT

Wp 4 Leader Allan Owen, Pat Pollard The Robert Gordon University UK Gouri Bhuyan Powertech Labs Inc. CA Mads Bryndum DHI Water & Environment DK George Aggidis Lancaster University UK Wp 5 Leader HC Sørensen Spok Aps DK Michel PAILLARD Institut Français de Recherche pour

lÉxploitation de la Mer FR

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INCO Partners Alexander Temew Applied Technologies Company ATC Russia MANISH YADAV ICICI Lombard General Insurance CO. Ltd. India Andi Eka Sakya Indonesian Agency for Meteorology & Geophysics Indonesia Zhang Liang Harbin Engineering University China Gerardo Hiriart Instituto de Ingeniería; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico SASannasiraj Indian Institute of Technology Madras India

Associated partners

During the 6th European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference in Glasgow, August 2005 it became evident that the number of researchers, developers and companies engaged in the development of wave and tidal energy systems had increased considerably since the formation of the CAOE partnership. After discussion with the project officer it was agreed to invite these companies and institutions to become Associated Partners to the Co-ordinated Action on Ocean Energy on the following conditions::

1. There is no budget or paperwork associated with being Associated Partner (AP).The AP will be on the mailing list and get invitations to the work shops. Access will be given to the AP to the restricted webpage for partners of the Co-ordinated Action if the AP has been attending a workshop.

2. For the workshops the AP will have to pay a fee to cover lunch and dinners and cover own travel and accommodation costs.

3. The AP company/institution will be placed on the official website of the Co-ordinated Action on Ocean Energy as Associated Partner.

The associated Partners are shown on the list below.

Energetech Australia

European Owens Corning Fiberglas, S.A. Belgium

Sterndorf engineering DK

Wave Star Energy DK

Technical University of Denmark; Department of Mechanical Engineering DK

SAIPEM SA France

Societe de Recherche du Pacifigue France

Voith Siemens Hydro Power Generation GmbH & Co. KG Germany

Lahmeyer International GmbH Germany

ISET Germany

Universitet Leipzig Germany

Germanischer Lloyd Germany

BOSCH Germany

DeaDalus Ltd Greece

Cynthia Theilen Hawaii

La Tene Maps Ireland

National Unuversity of Ireland, Maynooth Ireland

Navigate Consortium IT

Statkraft AS Norway

WAVEenergy Norway

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NTNU Norway

NTNU, Centre for Renewable Energy Norway

Fugro OCEANOR Norway

Grupo Generg Portugal

kymaner, Lda PT

ROBOTIKER ENERGÍA, TECNALIA Spain

Vattenfall Sweden

Aquamarine UK

NaREC UK

E-on UK

Renewable Energy Holdings PLC UK

Halcrow UK

EMEC UK

Society for Underwater Technology UK

Embley Energy LTD UK

Marine Curent Turbines UK

The University is Cranfield (SIMS). UK

Halcrow Group Ltd UK

Oxford Oceanics UK

EPRI USA

Waveberg Development limited USA

Ocean Energy Council USA

WaveEnergyTechnologies USA

University of Exeter UK

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Acknowledgement:

The project team acknowledges the importance of the co-ordination instrument as an option under the Framework 6 initiative and resulting funding, enabling integration, co-ordination and future cooperation among European stakeholders in Ocean Energy development and even partners outside the EU. The project team would also like to express their thanks to Dr. Phillipe Schild FP6 for his support during the project negotiations, Dr. Komninos Diamantares, for his guidance during the first project years and to Anna Giagantino for her support during the last project year. Also thanks for valuable guidance with respect to filling the financial forms to Marisa Atienza, Nancy Van-Dorsselaer and Deborah Hall. The team would like to express their thanks for constructive critique and input from the external experts Tom Thorpe and Kai-Uwe Graw in their midterm review and evaluation. Ramboll consider it a privilege to have participated and co-ordinated this project and wish to express their thanks and regards to the project partners and their devotion to their work and contributions to successful workshops. This report, the workshop reports, the papers and the presentations are available on DVD, however no matter how much valuable information there has been compiled over these three years, more important might be the many valuable and good friendships which have emerged, and the new generation of Ocean Energy developers who have been given guidance and stimulation as a result of the training programme.

Kim Nielsen Ramboll May 2009