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Cloud optical properties: modeling and sensitivity study Ping Yang Texas A&M University May 28,2003 Madison, Wisconsin

Cloud optical properties: modeling and sensitivity study Ping Yang Texas A&M University May 28,2003 Madison, Wisconsin

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Page 1: Cloud optical properties: modeling and sensitivity study Ping Yang Texas A&M University May 28,2003 Madison, Wisconsin

Cloud optical properties: modeling and sensitivity study

Ping Yang

Texas A&M University

May 28,2003

Madison, Wisconsin

Page 2: Cloud optical properties: modeling and sensitivity study Ping Yang Texas A&M University May 28,2003 Madison, Wisconsin

Cloud optical properties: modeling and sensitivity study

• Part 1: Fast radiative transfer code for radiative transfer under cloudy condition

• Part 2: Sensitivity of high-spectral-resolution-infrared radiance to cirrus properties

Page 3: Cloud optical properties: modeling and sensitivity study Ping Yang Texas A&M University May 28,2003 Madison, Wisconsin

Part 1: Fast radiative transfer code under cloudy condition

Calculations of the single-scattering properties (extinction efficiency, absorption efficiency and asymmetry factor) of ice and water cloud particles

Bulk optical properties of ice and water clouds, and parameterization

Radiative transfer model under cloudy condition

Page 4: Cloud optical properties: modeling and sensitivity study Ping Yang Texas A&M University May 28,2003 Madison, Wisconsin

Continued Database of albedo and tansmissivity function for water

and cirrus clouds and fast search code

Merge the fast model for clouds with clear sky model

Results

Page 5: Cloud optical properties: modeling and sensitivity study Ping Yang Texas A&M University May 28,2003 Madison, Wisconsin

A composite method for the calculation of the single-scattering properties of ice crystals

Q u ic k T im e ™ a n d aG ra p h ic s d e c o m p re s s o ra re n e e d e d to s e e th is p ic tu re .

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=500 cm-1

(=20 µm

Particle Maximum Dimension L (µm)

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(=8 µm)

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(=11.1 µm)

=500 cm-1

(=20 µm

=500 cm-1

(=20 µm

Page 6: Cloud optical properties: modeling and sensitivity study Ping Yang Texas A&M University May 28,2003 Madison, Wisconsin

Bulk optical properties of cirrus clouds and parameterizationQuickTime™ and aGraphics decompressorare needed to see this picture.

Effective Size (µm)

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(cm-1)

Page 7: Cloud optical properties: modeling and sensitivity study Ping Yang Texas A&M University May 28,2003 Madison, Wisconsin

The mean extinction efficiency, absorption efficiency, asymmetry factor, and single-

scattering albedo for water cloudsQ u ic k T im e ™ a n d aG ra p h ic s d e c o m p re s s o ra re n e e d e d to s e e th is p ic tu re .

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

0 20 40 60 80 100

Ext

inct

ion

Effi

cien

cy

Effective Size (µm)

1250 cm-1

900 cm-1

500 cm-1

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

0 20 40 60 80 100A

bsor

ptio

n E

ffici

ency

Effective Size (µm)

1250 cm-1

900 cm-1

500 cm-1

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

0 20 40 60 80 100

Asy

mm

etry

Fac

tor

Effective Size (µm)

1250 cm-1

900 cm-1

500 cm-1

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

0 20 40 60 80 100

Sin

gle

Sca

tteri

ng A

Lbed

o

Effective Size (µm)

1250 cm-1

900 cm-1

500 cm-1

Page 8: Cloud optical properties: modeling and sensitivity study Ping Yang Texas A&M University May 28,2003 Madison, Wisconsin

The scheme of radiative transfer for cloudsQ u ic k T im e ™ a n d a

G ra p h ic s d e c o m p re s s o ra re n e e d e d to s e e th is p ic tu re .

I0T(µ)a1(µ)

a0Clouds

The Surface

I0

I1

I1

Icld(µ)a1(µ) (µ)a1(µ)I1

a1

Itop()I0T()a1() Iclda1() I1 I1()a1()

Page 9: Cloud optical properties: modeling and sensitivity study Ping Yang Texas A&M University May 28,2003 Madison, Wisconsin

Where:

a0

I cld() [1 R() T ()]* B( tc )

a1 are clear sky atmospheric transmission from the out space to the surface and to cloud top, respectively.

and

I top() I0T ()a1() I clda1() I1 I1()a1()

I0 B( ts)a0 B( t)da a0

a1

I1 B(t)daa1

1

I1 B(t)

a1a

2 daa1

1

Page 10: Cloud optical properties: modeling and sensitivity study Ping Yang Texas A&M University May 28,2003 Madison, Wisconsin

Database of albedo and tansmissivity function for water and ice clouds

For ice clouds: Optical thickness: 0.04-50 Effective size: 10-157µm Zenith angle: (0-80o) Wavenumber:(500-2500cm-1)

For water clouds: Optical thickness: 0.06-150 Effective size: 2-20 µm Zenith angle: (0-80o) Wavenumber:(500-2500cm-1)

Page 11: Cloud optical properties: modeling and sensitivity study Ping Yang Texas A&M University May 28,2003 Madison, Wisconsin

Transmissivity vs. wavenumber for 4 effective sizes ( cirrus cloud, Tau=1.0)QuickTime™ and aGraphics decompressorare needed to see this picture.

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Tran

smis

sivi

ty

Wavenumber(cm-1)

De=12 µm

De=20 µm

De=50 µm

De=100 µm

Page 12: Cloud optical properties: modeling and sensitivity study Ping Yang Texas A&M University May 28,2003 Madison, Wisconsin

Transmissivity vs. wavenumber for 4 optical thicknesses ( ice cloud, Dei=50µm)QuickTime™ and aGraphics decompressorare needed to see this picture.

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Tran

smis

sivi

ty

Wavenumber(cm-1)

Tau=0.1 Tau=1 Tau=10 Tau=100

Page 13: Cloud optical properties: modeling and sensitivity study Ping Yang Texas A&M University May 28,2003 Madison, Wisconsin

Transmissivity vs. optical thickness for 4 effective sizes ( cirrus cloud, =8µm)QuickTime™ and aGraphics decompressorare needed to see this picture.

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

0.01 0.1 1 10 100

Tran

smis

sivi

ty

Visible Optical Thickness for Cirrus Clouds

De=10 µm

De=25 µm

De=70 µm

De=145 µm

Page 14: Cloud optical properties: modeling and sensitivity study Ping Yang Texas A&M University May 28,2003 Madison, Wisconsin

The transmissivity function vs. zenith angle at 4 optical thicknesses for ice cloudsQuickTime™ and aGraphics decompressorare needed to see this picture.

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

0 20 40 60 80

Tran

smis

sivi

ty

Zenith Angle (o)

Tau=0.1 Tau=1 Tau=10 Tau=100

Page 15: Cloud optical properties: modeling and sensitivity study Ping Yang Texas A&M University May 28,2003 Madison, Wisconsin

Albedo vs. wavenumber for 4 optical thicknesses ( cirrus cloud)

Q u ic k T im e ™ a n d aG ra p h ic s d e c o m p re s s o r

a re n e e d e d to s e e th is p ic tu re .

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Alb

edo

Wavenumber(cm-1)

Tau=0.1

Tau=1

Tau=10

Tau=100

Page 16: Cloud optical properties: modeling and sensitivity study Ping Yang Texas A&M University May 28,2003 Madison, Wisconsin

Albedo vs. wavenumber for 4 effective sizes ( cirrus cloud)

Q u ic k T im e ™ a n d aG ra p h ic s d e c o m p re s s o ra re n e e d e d to s e e th is p ic tu re .

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Alb

ed

o

Wavenumber(cm-1)

De=12 µm

De=20 µm

De=50 µm

De=100 µm

Page 17: Cloud optical properties: modeling and sensitivity study Ping Yang Texas A&M University May 28,2003 Madison, Wisconsin

Albedo vs. effective size for 4 optical thicknesses ( cirrus cloud, =8µm)

Q u ic k T im e ™ a n d aG ra p h ic s d e c o m p re s s o r

a re n e e d e d to s e e th is p ic tu re .

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110 130 150

Alb

ed

o

Effective Size (µm)

Tau=0.1

Tau=1

Tau=10

Tau=100

Page 18: Cloud optical properties: modeling and sensitivity study Ping Yang Texas A&M University May 28,2003 Madison, Wisconsin

Albedo function vs. optical thicknesses for 4 effective sizes (cirrus cloud)

Q u ic k T im e ™ a n d aG ra p h ic s d e c o m p re s s o r

a re n e e d e d to s e e th is p ic tu re .

0

0.05

0.1

0.01 0.1 1 10 100

Alb

edo

Visible Optical Thickness for Cirrus Clouds

De=10 µm

De=25 µm

De=70 µm

De=145 µm

Page 19: Cloud optical properties: modeling and sensitivity study Ping Yang Texas A&M University May 28,2003 Madison, Wisconsin

Albedo vs. zenith angle for 4 optical thicknesses (cirrus cloud)

Q u ic k T im e ™ a n d aG ra p h ic s d e c o m p re s s o r

a re n e e d e d to s e e th is p ic tu re .

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0 20 40 60 80

Alb

edo

Zenith Angle (o)

Tau=0.1

Tau=1

Tau=10

Tau=100

Page 20: Cloud optical properties: modeling and sensitivity study Ping Yang Texas A&M University May 28,2003 Madison, Wisconsin

Interpolate albedo and transmissivity from database

A code is developed to interpolate albedo and transmissivity from a pre-calculated database

for given wavelength, zenith angle, effective sizes and optical thickness (cirrus and water clouds) by using two-dimensional (2D) polynomial fitting and 2D interpolation

Page 21: Cloud optical properties: modeling and sensitivity study Ping Yang Texas A&M University May 28,2003 Madison, Wisconsin

Interpolate transmissivity of clouds from the pre-calculated database

QuickTime™ and aGraphics decompressorare needed to see this picture.

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-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Tran

smis

sivi

ty

Wavenumber(cm-1)

Calculated Fitted Results

=0.1

=1.0

=10.0

=100.0

Page 22: Cloud optical properties: modeling and sensitivity study Ping Yang Texas A&M University May 28,2003 Madison, Wisconsin

Interpolate albedo of clouds from the pre-calculated database

Q u ic k T im e ™ a n d aG ra p h ic s d e c o m p re s s o r

a re n e e d e d to s e e th is p ic tu re .

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0

0.03

0.06

500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Alb

ed

o

Wavenumber(cm-1)

Calculated Fitted Results

=0.1

=1.0

=10.0

=100.0

Page 23: Cloud optical properties: modeling and sensitivity study Ping Yang Texas A&M University May 28,2003 Madison, Wisconsin

Merge the cloudy and clear-sky fast models

We developed a computational package to compute the radiance at any atmospheric level for given profiles of clear-sky atmospheric optical thickness and temperature (which are from the clear sky fast model) and the parameters of clouds

Page 24: Cloud optical properties: modeling and sensitivity study Ping Yang Texas A&M University May 28,2003 Madison, Wisconsin

ResultsAccuracy The root-mea- square(RMS) difference between the fast

model and DISORT is less than 0.5K, as illustrated in the attached diagrams

Speed: The computational speed of the fast model is

approximately 1000 times faster than the DISORT model.Test case: 8000 wavenumbers(500-2500cm-1) and 100 layers atmosphere with single-layer clouds on Dell Precision 530 workstation. It takes 254s for DISORT whereas the fast model needsonly 0.25s.

Page 25: Cloud optical properties: modeling and sensitivity study Ping Yang Texas A&M University May 28,2003 Madison, Wisconsin

Spectra calculated by the fast model and the deviations compared with DISORT

Q u ic k T im e ™ a n d aG ra p h ic s d e c o m p re s s o r

a re n e e d e d to s e e th is p ic tu re .

-5

0

5210

230

250

270

290

Bri

gh

tne

ss T

em

pe

ratu

re (

K)

Tau=0.5 Tau=1.0 Tau=5.0 Tau=50.0

Tau=0.5

-5

0

5

-5

0

5

-5

0

5

500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Wavenumber (cm -1 )

Tau=1.0

Tau=5.0

Tau=50.0

Page 26: Cloud optical properties: modeling and sensitivity study Ping Yang Texas A&M University May 28,2003 Madison, Wisconsin

Comparison of the results from the fast model and the DISORT model

Q u ic k T im e ™ a n d aG ra p h ic s d e c o m p re s s o ra re n e e d e d to s e e th is p ic tu re .

10

0

-10

500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Wavenumber (cm -1)

210

230

250

270

290

Brig

htne

ss T

empe

ratu

re (

K)

De=12 µm

210

230

250

270

290

Brig

htne

ss T

empe

ratu

re (

K)

10

0

-10

500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Wavenumber (cm -1)

De=50 µm

Page 27: Cloud optical properties: modeling and sensitivity study Ping Yang Texas A&M University May 28,2003 Madison, Wisconsin

Comparison of the results from the fast model and DISORT(variation of BT versus effective size)

Q u ic k T im e ™ a n d aG ra p h ic s d e c o m p re s s o ra re n e e d e d to s e e th is p ic tu re .

10

0

-10

0 40 80 120 160D

e (µm)

270

275

280

Brig

htne

ss T

empe

ratu

re (

K)

Tau=0.5

260

265

270

Brig

htne

ss T

empe

ratu

re (

K)

10

0

-10

0 40 80 120 160De (µm)

Tau=1.0

Page 28: Cloud optical properties: modeling and sensitivity study Ping Yang Texas A&M University May 28,2003 Madison, Wisconsin

Comparison of the results from the fast model and DISORT(variation of BT versus optical thickness)

Q u ic k T im e ™ a n d aG ra p h ic s d e c o m p re s s o ra re n e e d e d to s e e th is p ic tu re .

10

0

-10

0.01 0.1 1 10 100Optical Thickness

200

220

240

260

280

300

Brig

htne

ss T

empe

ratu

re (

K)

De =12 µm

200

220

240

260

280

300

Brig

htne

ss T

empe

ratu

re (

K)

10

0

-10

0.01 0.1 1 10 100Optical Thickness

De =50 µm

Page 29: Cloud optical properties: modeling and sensitivity study Ping Yang Texas A&M University May 28,2003 Madison, Wisconsin

Comparisons the results of the fast model to DISORT(variation of BT versus zenith angle)

Q u ic k T im e ™ a n d aG ra p h ic s d e c o m p re s s o ra re n e e d e d to s e e th is p ic tu re .

10

0

-10

0 20 40 60 80Zenith Angle (Degree)

220

240

260

280

Bri

gh

tne

ss T

em

pe

ratu

re (

K)

Tau=0.5

10

0

-10

0 20 40 60 80Zenith Angle (Degree)

Tau=1.0

220

240

260

280

Bri

gh

tne

ss T

em

pe

ratu

re (

K)

Tau=1.0

Page 30: Cloud optical properties: modeling and sensitivity study Ping Yang Texas A&M University May 28,2003 Madison, Wisconsin

Comparisons the results of the fast model to DISORT for water clouds

Q u ic k T im e ™ a n d aG ra p h ic s d e c o m p re s s o ra re n e e d e d to s e e th is p ic tu re .

10

0

-10

500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Wavenumber (cm -1 )

210

230

250

270

290

Brig

htne

ss T

empe

ratu

re (

K) Tau =0.5

210

230

250

270

290

Brig

htne

ss T

empe

ratu

re (

K)

10

0

-10

500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Wavenumber (cm -1)

Tau=50

Page 31: Cloud optical properties: modeling and sensitivity study Ping Yang Texas A&M University May 28,2003 Madison, Wisconsin

Part 2:Sensitivity study of Cirrus Properties

Sensitivity studyEffective particle sizeVisible optical thickness

Simultaneous retrieval of the optical thickness and effective particle size of cirrus clouds

Page 32: Cloud optical properties: modeling and sensitivity study Ping Yang Texas A&M University May 28,2003 Madison, Wisconsin

The sensitivity of upwelling brightness temperature to the effective size of cirrus clouds

Q u ic k T im e ™ a n d aG ra p h ic s d e c o m p re s s o ra re n e e d e d to s e e th is p ic tu re .

235

242

249

256

263

270

750 850 950 1050 1150 1250

Bri

gh

tne

ss T

em

pe

ratu

re (

K)

Wavenumber (cm-1)

De=10 µm D

e=30 µm D

e=50 µm D

e=80 µm

Page 33: Cloud optical properties: modeling and sensitivity study Ping Yang Texas A&M University May 28,2003 Madison, Wisconsin

The sensitivity of the slope to the effective size of cirrus clouds

Q u ic k T im e ™ a n d aG ra p h ic s d e c o m p re s s o ra re n e e d e d to s e e th is p ic tu re .

250

255

260

265

750 800 850 900 950 1000

Brig

htne

ss T

empe

ratu

re (

K)

Wavenumber (cm-1)

De=10 µm

De=20 µm

De=30 µm

De=50 µm

Page 34: Cloud optical properties: modeling and sensitivity study Ping Yang Texas A&M University May 28,2003 Madison, Wisconsin

Sensitivity of the slope to the effective size and optical thickness of cirrus clouds

Page 35: Cloud optical properties: modeling and sensitivity study Ping Yang Texas A&M University May 28,2003 Madison, Wisconsin

Sensitivity of upwelling brightness temperature to the optical thickness of cirrus clouds

Q u ic k T im e ™ a n d aG ra p h ic s d e c o m p re s s o ra re n e e d e d to s e e th is p ic tu re .

220

240

260

280

750 850 950 1050 1150 1250

Bri

gh

tne

ss T

em

pe

ratu

re (

K)

Wavenumber (cm -1)

Tau=0.5 Tau=1.0 Tau=2.0 Tau=5.0

Page 36: Cloud optical properties: modeling and sensitivity study Ping Yang Texas A&M University May 28,2003 Madison, Wisconsin
Page 37: Cloud optical properties: modeling and sensitivity study Ping Yang Texas A&M University May 28,2003 Madison, Wisconsin

Comparison of observed and simulated upwelling IR spectra for a jet contrail composed of primarily

small ice particles. Q u ic k T ime ™ a n d aG ra p h ic s d e c o mp re s s o ra re n e e d e d to s e e th is p ic tu re .

240

260

280

300

Bri

gh

tne

ss T

em

pe

rtu

re (

K)

Simulated

HIS

-10

0

10

800 900 1000 1100 1200

²BT

(K

)

Wavenumber (cm-1)

Page 38: Cloud optical properties: modeling and sensitivity study Ping Yang Texas A&M University May 28,2003 Madison, Wisconsin

Cloud Lidar System (CLS) image

Page 39: Cloud optical properties: modeling and sensitivity study Ping Yang Texas A&M University May 28,2003 Madison, Wisconsin

Observed and simulated upwelling IR

spectra for cirrus and water cloud conditions Q u ic k T im e ™ a n d a

G ra p h ic s d e c o m p re s s o ra re n e e d e d to s e e th is p ic tu re .

230

240

250

260

270

750 850 950 1050 1150 1250

wavenumbercm-1)

Water Cloud :00:05

Cirrus Cloud :00:17

Simulation Observations

Page 40: Cloud optical properties: modeling and sensitivity study Ping Yang Texas A&M University May 28,2003 Madison, Wisconsin

The simultaneous retrieval of the effective size and optical thickness from HIS spectra

Q u ic k T im e ™ a n d aG ra p h ic s d e c o m p re s s o ra re n e e d e d to s e e th is p ic tu re .

248

250

252

254

256

258

1050 1100 1150 1200 1250

Tau=1.2

Tau=1.43

Tau=1.6

Obs

=1.20

=1.60

Wavenumber(cm-1)

248

250

252

254

256

258

760 810 860 910 960

De=35 µm

De=45 µm

De=60 µm

Obs

Wavenumber(cm-1)

Page 41: Cloud optical properties: modeling and sensitivity study Ping Yang Texas A&M University May 28,2003 Madison, Wisconsin

Improve the modeling of the single-scattering properties of clouds (ice, water and mixed-phase clouds)– More realistic habits – Recent microphysical measurement (e.g., CRYSTAL-

FACE data) Improve the speed and accuracy of the fast cloudy

radiative transfer model Consider multi-layered cloud system Fast model for mixed-phase clouds

Plan for Next Year

Page 42: Cloud optical properties: modeling and sensitivity study Ping Yang Texas A&M University May 28,2003 Madison, Wisconsin

QuickTime™ and aGraphics decompressorare needed to see this picture. 00.20.40.60.81110100100010000A

bsor

ptio

n E

ffici

ency

Maximum Dimension (µm)=8.5 µm00.20.40.60.810.1110100100010000Abs

orpt

ion

Effi

cien

cyEffective Radius (De=1.5V/A ) (µm)

Page 43: Cloud optical properties: modeling and sensitivity study Ping Yang Texas A&M University May 28,2003 Madison, Wisconsin
Page 44: Cloud optical properties: modeling and sensitivity study Ping Yang Texas A&M University May 28,2003 Madison, Wisconsin

Test of Cirrus Scattering Model developed by Yang et al. for MODIS

ATSR-2 Data at 0.65 m21 July, 1996; Latitude -32.5o; Longitude -95.9o

(Courtesy of A. Baran, UK Met Office)

Page 45: Cloud optical properties: modeling and sensitivity study Ping Yang Texas A&M University May 28,2003 Madison, Wisconsin

ATSR-2 Cirrus Results21 July, 1996;

Latitude -32.5o; Longitude -95.9o; Scattering angle: 118.9o (nadir)

(Courtesy of A. Baran, UK Met Office)

Page 46: Cloud optical properties: modeling and sensitivity study Ping Yang Texas A&M University May 28,2003 Madison, Wisconsin

ATSR-2 Data at 0.65 m23 July, 1996; Latitude -10.1o; Longitude -122.6o

False Color Image R: 0.65 m reflectance G: 0.87 m reflectance B: 1.6 m reflectance

(Courtesy of A. Baran, UK Met Office)

Page 47: Cloud optical properties: modeling and sensitivity study Ping Yang Texas A&M University May 28,2003 Madison, Wisconsin
Page 48: Cloud optical properties: modeling and sensitivity study Ping Yang Texas A&M University May 28,2003 Madison, Wisconsin

Thank you!