Cloning and You

8/14/2019 Cloning and You

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CLONING AND YOUCLONING AND YOU

Rob KellyRob Kelly

Sam RapineSam Rapine

Joyce RasingJoyce Rasing

Lisa VagnoniLisa Vagnoni


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Genetic MaterialsGenetic Materials

- A zygote is a fertilized egg

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- Differentiation is when cells will specialize

- Gurdon found a way to reverse this process,which was unsuccessful


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- Chromosomes are made ofgenes. Genes are madeof DNA. DNA aremolecules that contain

hereditary information.

- Genes are units ofinheritance; what ispassed down to the

offspring from theparents

The entire library ofgenetic instructions

that an organisminherits is called its


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The way DNA encodes a cells information is analogous tothe way we arrange the letters of the alphabet intoprecise sequences with specific meanings.

The wordrat

, for example, conjures up an image of arodent; the words tarand art, which contain the sameletters, mean very different things.

Libraries are filled with books containing informationencoded in varying sequences of only 26 letters. Wecan think of nucleotides as the alphabet of inheritance.

Specific sequential arrangements of these four chemicalletters encode the precise information in genes, whichare typically hundreds or thousands of nucleotideslong.

One gene in a bacterial cell may be translated as Build a

purple pigment. A particular human gene may meanMake the hormone insulin.


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Cloning ProcessCloning Process

Dolly The firstmammalian to becloned using an adultcell at Roslin Institutein Scotland Dolly (sheep) is an

example ofreproductivecloning An enucleated

oocytewasinjectedwith adonornucleus

Nucleus wasfused withcytoplasm


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http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/10/70110-004-420D4C4C.jpg


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Cloning inCloning in Brave NewBrave NewWorldWorld

Therapeutic Cloning is theprocess of harvesting

stem cells in order tostudy development andtreat disease This type of cloning is

what scientists

hope to use inorder to cloneorgans fortransplants

Dolly was an example of

Reproductive Cloning


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Risks of CloningRisks of Cloning

The cost of cloning is very high

The failure to produce offspring proves nopoint in cloning

So far, ninety percent or more fail toproduce offspring, though the rate offailure is falling

Abnormal lives

Young age of death (deaths are usuallymysterious)

Abnormal functioning


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Cloning HistoryCloning History

Tadpoles of 1952

This was not successful; they never becamefrogs.

Dolly the Sheep was created in 1996 throughthe modern method, which entails arelatively more successful organism

Many mammals have since been successfullycloned

Modern applications are more geared towardsproducing compatible organs for transplantsnot very cost effective, but technology isalways improving and a practical method is

not far off. Human clonin has not been entirel


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Ethical Concerns ofEthical Concerns ofCloningCloning

The concern of the rights of theseindividuals

Are they extended the same liberties asnatural-born humans? (N/A)

Will viable human cloning ever be fullyrealized?

If so, should the government step in?

Do parents have the right to design theirbabies?

Is the practice of eugenics desirable at all?

Another one arises in our right to create

life as such Ones ri ht to ownershi of enetic material


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Works CitedWorks Cited

Campbell, Neil A., and Jane B. Reece. "A Closer Look at Cells." Biology.

San Francisco: Pearson, 2004. Print.

Human Genome Program. "Cloning Fact Sheet." Human Genome

Project Information. U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science,

Office of Biological and Environmental Research, 11 May 2009.

Web. 19 Oct. 2009. .

Love, Jamie. "The Cloning of Dolly." Science Explained. 27 Nov. 1997. Web. 19 Oct. 2009..

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Cloning and You