CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

ELLA DELA CRUZ

Signs and symptoms are reflective of decreased haemoglobin.• Asymptomatic in <12 months• Pallor (7-8 g/dL Hgb)• Palms, Palmar Creases, Nailbeds, Conjunctivae• Irritability (6-7 g/dL Hgb) -> Compensatory Mechanism• Anorexia, Lethagy, Systolic murmurs which can lead to tachycardia and High

output cardiac failure (<5 g/dL Hgb)• Iron Deficiency only: Impaired intellectual and motor functions• Pica – can lead to Plumbism• Pagophagia

Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 20th Edition

• Signs related to iron deficiency depends on the severity and chronicity of anemia in addition to the usual signs of anemia:

• Fatigue• Pallor• Reduced exercise capacity

• Signs of advance tissue iron deficiency:• Cheilosis – fissure at the corners of the mouth• Koilonychia – spooning of fingernails

Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine, 18th Edition