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Handout modified from:
Quillen DA, Blodi, BA, and Bennett TJ. Clinical Features of Retinal Disease. Quillen DA and Blodi BA,
eds. Clinical Retina. Chicago: AMA Press, 2002.
Clinical Features of
Retinal Disease
__________________
David A. Quillen, MD Penn State College of Medicine
Barbara A. Blodi, MD University of Wisconsin-Madison
C H A P T E R 3 Clinical Features of Retinal Disease 71
T A B L E 1
Clinical Features of Retinal Disease
Bull’s Eye Maculopathy Cherry Red Spot Choroiretinal Folds
Macular Diseases Age-Related Macular Age-Related MacularDegeneration Degeneration
Macular Hole (chronic) Hypotony Maculopathy
Pattern Dystrophy IdiopathicChorioretinal Folds
Posterior Microphthalmos
Retinal Vascular Diseases Central Retinal Artery Occlusion
Hereditary Disorders Stargardt Disease Tay-Sachs Disease
Cone Dystrophy Niemann-Pick Disease
Retinitis Pigmentosa Cherry Red Spot Myoclonus
Fenestrated Sheen Macular Dystrophy
Concentric Annular Macular Dystrophy
Drug Toxicities Chloroquine/ Gentamicin ToxicityHydroxychloroquine
Fomivirsen
Inflammatory Diseases Acute Macular Posterior Scleritis Neuroretinopathy
UAIM
Tumors
Trauma Commotio Retinae
Peripheral Retinal Diseases
Vitreous
Other Papilledema
Optic Disc Drusen
Retrobulbar Tumor
continued
72 C H A P T E R 3 Clinical Features of Retinal Disease
T A B L E 1
Clinical Features of Retinal Disease (cont’d)
Choroidal Cotton Wool Spot Cystoid Macular EdemaNeovascularization
Macular Diseases Age-Related Macular Age-Related MacularDegeneration Degeneration
Myopia Post-Intraocular Surgery CMEAngioid Streaks Epiretinal MembranePattern Dystrophy Vitreoretinal Traction SyndromePolypoidal Choroidal Hypotony Maculopathy
VasculopathyIdiopathic
Retinal Vascular Diseases Diabetic Retinopathy Diabetic RetinopathyHypertensive Retinopathy Branch Retinal Vein OcclusionRetinal Vascular Occlusions Central Retinal Vein OcclusionLeukemic RetinopathyRadiation RetinopathyAnemiaBone Marrow
Transplantation
Hereditary Disorders Best’s Disease Retinitis PigmentosaStargardt Disease X-Linked Juvenile RetinoschisisGyrate AtrophyRetinitis Pigmentosa
Drug Toxicities Interferon Toxicity Latanoprost-related CMENicotinic Acid MaculopathyEpinephrine Reaction
Inflammatory Diseases POHS HIV Retinopathy Birdshot ChorioretinopathyMultifocal Choroiditis CMV Retinopathy Intermediate UveitisSerpiginous Choroiditis Systemic Lupus Idiopathic Vitritis
ErythematosusBehçet’s DiseaseGiant Cell ArteritisPolyarteritis NodosaCat Scratch Disease
Tumors Choroidal Nevus Choroidal MelanomaChoroidal Osteoma
Trauma Choroidal Rupture Purtscher’s RetinopathyBlunt Trauma
Peripheral Retinal Diseases Chronic Retinal Detachment
Vitreous
Other Laser PhotocoagulationOptic Disc Drusen
C H A P T E R 3 Clinical Features of Retinal Disease 73
T A B L E 1
Clinical Features of Retinal Disease (cont’d)
Drusen Flecked Retina Foveal Yellow SpotSyndromes
Macular Diseases Age-Related Macular Macular Hole, Stage IDegeneration
Central SerousChorioretinopathy
Choroidal Neovascularization
Cystoid Macular Edema
Pattern Dystrophy
Solar Retinopathy
Age-Related MacularDegeneration (Drusen)
Retinal Vascular Diseases Diabetic Retinopathy
Toxemia of Pregnancy
Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
Hereditary Disorders North Carolina Stargardt DiseaseMacular Dystrophy
Fundus Albipunctatus
Dominant Drusen Flecked Retina of Kandori
Retinitis Punctata Albescens
Alport’s Syndrome
Drug Toxicities Crystalline Retinopathies
Inflammatory Diseases
Tumors Choroidal Nevus
Trauma
Peripheral Retinal Diseases Uveal Effusion Syndrome
Vitreous
Other Type II Glomerulonephritis
continued
74 C H A P T E R 3 Clinical Features of Retinal Disease
T A B L E 1
Clinical Features of Retinal Disease (cont’d)
Intraretinal Lipid Exudates Macular AtrophyHemorrhages
Macular Diseases Age-Related Macular Age-Related MacularDegeneration Degeneration
Chronic Central Serous Angioid StreaksChorioretinopathy
Central SerousChorioretinopathy
Myopic Degeneration
Chronic CME
Macular Phototoxicity
Pattern Dystrophy
Retinal Vascular Diseases Diabetic Retinopathy Diabetic Retinopathy
Hypertensive Retinopathy Hypertensive Retinopathy
Branch Retinal Vein Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion Occlusion
Central Retinal Vein Central Retinal Vein Occlusion Occlusion
Leukemic Retinopathy Juxtafoveal Retinal Telangiectasis
Radiation Retinopathy Radiation Retinopathy
Anemia Retinal Arterial Macroaneurysm
Ocular Ischemic Coat’s Disease Syndrome
Retinal Arterial Macroaneurysm
Sickle Cell Retinopathy
Bone Marrow Transplantation
High-altitude Sickness
C H A P T E R 3 Clinical Features of Retinal Disease 75
T A B L E 1
Clinical Features of Retinal Disease (cont’d)
Intraretinal Lipid Exudates Macular AtrophyHemorrhages
Hereditary Disorders Retinitis Pigmentosa Stargardt Disease
Best’s Disease
North Carolina MacularDystrophy
Sorsby’s Macular Dystrophy
Choroideremia
Gyrate Atrophy
Cone Dystrophy
Rod-Cone Degeneration
Drug Toxicities Intraocular Gentamicin Chloroquine/Hydroxychloroquine
Inflammatory Diseases HIV Retinopathy POHS
CMV Retinitis Toxoplasmosis
Sarcoidosis Multifocal Choroiditis
Behçet’s Disease Serpiginous Choroiditis
Tumors Choroidal Melanoma
Retinal Capillary Hemangioma
Trauma Blunt Trauma Chronic Retinal Detachment Commotio Retinae
Shaken Baby Syndrome Choroidal Rupture
Valsalva Retinopathy
Terson’s Syndrome
Purtscher’s Retinopathy
Peripheral Retinal Diseases Vitreoretinal Traction Retinal Detachment Syndrome
Retinal Tear/Detachment
Vitreous Posterior Vitreous Detachment
Other Laser Photocoagulation
continued
76 C H A P T E R 3 Clinical Features of Retinal Disease
T A B L E 1
Clinical Features of Retinal Disease (cont’d)
Optic Disc Edema with Peripheral Pigment Epithelial Macular Star Pigmentation Detachment
Macular Diseases Central Serous Age-Related MacularChorioretinopathy Degeneration
Central SerousChorioretinopathy
Polypoidal ChoroidalVasculopathy
Retinal Vascular Diseases Hypertensive Retinopathy
Hereditary Disorders Retinitis Pigmentosa
Stargardt Disease
Pigmented Paravenous Retinochoroidal
Drug Toxicities Chloroquine Toxicity
Siderosis
Inflammatory Diseases Cat Scratch Disease DUSN
Toxoplasmosis Viral Retinitis
Lyme Disease
Syphilis
Tuberculosis
Polyarteritis Nodosa
Tumors Optic Disc Capillary BDUMP Hemangiomas
Trauma Commotio Retinae
Choroidal Rupture
Peripheral Retinal Diseases Choroidal Effusion (late)
Chronic Retinal Detachment
Reticular Pigmentary Degeneration
Lattice Degeneration
Vitreous
Other Papilledema Scatter Laser Optic Neuropathy Photocoagulation
C H A P T E R 3 Clinical Features of Retinal Disease 77
T A B L E 1
Clinical Features of Retinal Disease (cont’d)
Pigmented Lesions Preretinal Hemorrhage Retinal Crystals
Macular Diseases
Retinal Vascular Diseases Juxtafoveal Retinal Diabetic Retinopathy Juxtafoveal Retinal Telangiectasis Telangiectasis
Sickle Cell Retinopathy Branch Retinal Vein Sickle Cell Retinopathy(Black Sunburst) Occlusion
Sickle Cell Retinopathy
Leukemic Retinopathy
Retinal Arterial Macroaneurysm
Hereditary Disorders X-Linked Juvenile Bietti’s Crystalline RetinalRetinoschisis Dystrophy
Cystinosis
Hyperoxaluria
Drug Toxicities Tamoxifen Toxicity
Canthaxanthine Toxicity
Talc Retinopathy
Inflammatory Diseases Toxoplasmosis (inactive scar)
Tumors Choroidal Nevus
Choroidal Melanoma
CHRPE
Bear Tracks
Melanocytoma
Trauma Terson’s Syndrome
Valsalva Retinopathy
Shaken Baby Syndrome
Peripheral Retinal Diseases Retinal Tear
Vitreous Posterior Vitreous Detachment
Other
continued
78 C H A P T E R 3 Clinical Features of Retinal Disease
T A B L E 1
Clinical Features of Retinal Disease (cont’d)
Retinal Retinitis RubeosisNeovascularization
Macular Diseases
Retinal Vascular Diseases Diabetic Retinopathy Diabetic Retinopathy
Branch Retinal Vein Central Retinal ArteryOcclusion Occlusion
Radiation Retinopathy Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
Sickle Cell Retinopathy Ocular Ischemic Syndrome
Retinopathy of Prematurity Coat’s Disease
Leukemic Retinopathy Radiation Retinopathy
FEVR Retinopathy of Prematurity
Eale’s Disease
Hereditary Disorders Norrie’s Disease
Incontinentia Pigmenti
Drug Toxicities Talc Retinopathy
Inflammatory Diseases Eale’s Disease Toxoplasmosis
Pars Planitis CMV Retinitis
Sarcoidosis HSV Retinitis
Acute Retinal Necrosis
PORN
Cat Scratch Disease
Toxocariasis
Syphilis
Fungal Chorioretinitis
Behçet’s Disease
Tumors Retinoblastoma
Choroidal Melanoma
Trauma
Peripheral Retinal Diseases Chronic Retinal Detachment Chronic Retinal Detachment
Vitreous CNS Lymphoma
Other
C H A P T E R 3 Clinical Features of Retinal Disease 79
T A B L E 1
Clinical Features of Retinal Disease (cont’d)
Subretinal Fluid Vasculitis Vitelliform Lesions
Macular Diseases Age-Related Macular Age-Related MacularDegeneration Degeneration
Central Serous Pattern DystrophiesChorioretinopathy
Retinal Vascular Diseases Coat’s Disease Eale’s Disease
Toxemia of Pregnancy Ocular Ischemic Syndrome
Hereditary Disorders Best’s Disease
Drug Toxicities
Inflammatory Diseases Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Behçet’s DiseaseSyndrome
Posterior Scleritis Sarcoidosis
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Pars Planitis/Multiple Sclerosis
Toxoplasmosis
Syphilis
Tuberculosis
Viral Retinitis/ARN
Toxocariasis
Birdshot Chorioretinopathy
Lyme Disease
Leukemic/Lymphoma
Frosted Branch Angiitis
Tumors Choroidal Melanoma
Choroidal Hemangioma
Choroidal Metastasis
Trauma
Peripheral Retinal Diseases
Vitreous Idiopathic Vitritis
CNS Lymphoma
Other Optic Pit
continued
80 C H A P T E R 3 Clinical Features of Retinal Disease
T A B L E 1
Clinical Features of Retinal Disease (cont’d)
Vitreous Hemorrhage White-Centered White Dot SyndromesHemorrhages
Macular Diseases Age-Related Macular DrusenDegeneration
Retinal Vascular Diseases Diabetic Retinopathy Diabetic Retinopathy
Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion
Sickle Cell Retinopathy Leukemic Retinopathy
Leukemic Retinopathy Hypertensive Retinopathy
Retinal Arterial AnemiaMacroaneurysm
Eale’s Disease
Coat’s Disease
Peripapillary Arterial Loops
Retinopathy of Prematurity
Hereditary Disorders X-Linked Juvenile Stargardt DiseaseRetinoschisis
Fundus Albipunctatus
Retinitis Punctata Albescens
Flecked Retina of Kandori
Drug Toxicities
C H A P T E R 3 Clinical Features of Retinal Disease 81
T A B L E 1
Clinical Features of Retinal Disease (cont’d)
Vitreous Hemorrhage White-Centered White Dot SyndromesHemorrhages
Inflammatory Diseases Sarcoidosis HIV Retinopathy APMPPE
Pars Planitis Candida MEWDS Endophthalmitis DUSN
Toxoplasmosis Multifocal Choroiditis
Serpiginous Choroiditis
Birdshot Chorioretinitis
Sarcoidosis
Histoplasmosis
Pneumocystis Choroidopathy
Behçet’s Disease
Toxoplasmosis
Sympathetic Ophthalmia
Syphilis
Tumors
Trauma Terson’s Syndrome Shaken Baby Syndrome
Shaken Baby Syndrome Childbirth
Optic Disc Evulsion
Peripheral Retinal Diseases Retinal Tear/Detachment
Vitreous Posterior Vitreous Detachment Lymphoma
Other Subacute Bacterial Laser PhotocoagulationEndocarditis
Intracranial Hemorrhage
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning/Anoxia
continued