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CLIMAT
E CHANGE
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CLIMATE
• Definitions
• Climate change history
• Controversy
• Natural Cycles
• Human activity
VOCABULARY
Climate
Geologic Time Scale Pre-Cambrian Paleozoic Mesozoic Cenozoic
Teriary Quaternary
Ice core samplingLogarithmicAnomalyEl NinoLa NinaENSOSunspot CyclesMaunder MinimumMilankovitch Cycles
CLIMATE - DEFINITION
Definition: The patterns of temperature and precipitation in a region over time (from 30 years to millions of years)
How Researched: gas bubbles in layers of ice cores (obtained by drilling into glaciers and ice sheets) reveal time periods of atmospheric disturbance such as volcanic eruptions, CO2 concentration, and temperature variations
CLIMATE CHANGE HISTORY / CONTROVERSYOnce considered unquestionable, arguments are reasoned from different perspectives depending on:• TIME FRAME
• METHODOLOGY
• DATA INTERPRETATION
• CAUSES
• MOTIVATION
4.5 BILLION YEARS
600 MILLION YEARS
100 MILLION YEARS – LOGARITHMIC REPRESENT-ATION
600,000 YEARS
460,000 YEARS
400,000 YEARS
5000 YEARS
5000 YEARS
1000 YEARS – ANOMALY METHOD
PAST 150 YEARS – “HOCKEY STICK”
SUNSPOT CYCLE – AND ARCTIC AIR TEMP.There is also debate about the effects of sunspots on various
aspects of climate
CORRELATION TO MAGNETIC STORMS
15 YEARS
SUNSPOTS AND HURRICANES
SUNSPOTS AND CLIMATE
The “Maunder Minimum” from mid-1600s to 1700 correlates to the “Little Ice Age” experienced in Europe. Astronomers have noted that the current solar cycle shows fewer sunspots than the prior solar cycle.
MILANKOVITCH CYCLES THEORY STATES:Changes in Earth’s axis disturb the distribution and intensity of solar energy reaching Earth
ENSO – 3-5 YEAR EL NINO SOUTHERN OSCILLATION CYCLEEl Nino is the familiar name for a disturbance in sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the Pacific Ocean, is named for the December phenomenon occurring along the west coast of South America. ENSO is a 3-5 year cycle that includes both warming and cooling in tropical oceans.
EL NINO YEARDuring an El Nino year, SSTs along the coast are warmer than usual. This prevents the upwelling of nutrient rich deep ocean water that is required to feed the fish population that reproduces there. . Warm waters mean greater rainfall in the southern hemisphere. But the northern hemisphere experiences a warmer, drier year as moist air is pulled westward by the Jet Stream. Climate effects ripple throughout the global climate system. Data for 2013 show only a relatively small increase in temperatures.
LA NINADuring a La Nina year, SSTs along the coast are colder than usual in the Eastern Pacific (southern Hemisphere). This allows upwelling, but the effects ripple throughout the global climate system. Trade winds intensify. South American experiences drought. Wetter years occur in North America and storms increase in intensity in Asia.
HUMAN IMPACT
HUMAN IMPACT ON THE ATMOSPHERE
Human activity Gases emitted Impact on atmosphere / climate
Burning Fossil fuels
Agriculture
Deforestation
Industrial processes
Look it up!
POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS
Look it up! See these articles and continue searching!
ENERGY EFFICIENCY - COMMERCIAL
http://wallstcheatsheet.com/stocks/how-much-energy-does-the-u-s-waste.html/?ref=YF
INTERNATIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE TREATIES / TALKS
http://news.yahoo.com/climate-science-alarming-irrefutable-kerry-093106799.
html
LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACTION
http://edition.cnn.com/2013/08/21/world/europe/bloomberg-why-sandy-force-cities/?section=money_news_international