Climate change and sustainable energy in the province of Groningen

the NetherlandsRob Roggema

Province of Groningen

Technical University Delft

Wageningen University and Research center

The Netherlands

r.roggema@provinciegroningen.nl

MBITA-Santa Cruz

September 19, 2008

The impact of climate change

Impact of climate change - Larsen B ice shell

2002 2006

Impact of Climate Change - North pole ice disappearance

Impact of Climate Change - Artificial golf course, Benidorm Spain

Ameland, 9 November 2007

Vlieland, 9 november 2007Breskens, 9 november 2007

Katwijk, 9 november 2007Noordwijk, 9 november 2007Vlieland, 9 November 2007

Urgency: Netherlands 50% below sea level

Sustainable energy,is it:

Desirable?

Possible?

Necessary?

Realised?

Is it desirable?

• Energy Valley

• European and Dutch objectives

• Northern energy and national climate agreement

Energy Valley: sustainable energy and economic development

Energy Valley

Objectives Energy Valley

1. Transition towards sustainable energy2. Extension of gas related knowledge

infrastructure3. Innovation of energy related companies

gasiform energy carrier

new applications mobile resources

efficient use of gas, micro-CHP

heat

electricity

trade

CO2-storage

biogas

diversesustainable resources

natural gas

hydro-energy

biomass gas storage

Development of the gas-chain

2004 2010 2020 2030

hydrogen sustainable resources

new resources, biomass

hydrogen experiments

CO2 storage and management

Gas for micro-CHP, virtual plant, mobility

Decentralised energy production

Zero emission power plant

Extension trade and storage

Improve exploration and production

Development gas chain management

Broadening gas chain: new

energy sources and carriers

Lenghtening gas chain:

efficient applications

Maximise added value gas chain

time

activ

ityActivities & time in Energy Valley

European Union objective:20% CO2 emission reduction & 20% renewables in

2020 (20-20-20)

Dutch national objectives:1. 20% renewables in 20202. Energy saving 2% each year3. 30% CO2 emission reduction in 20204. 10% biofuels5. NL frontrunner in CO2 capture transport and

storage

Energy and Climate objectives EU and the Netherlands

Energy agreement Northern Netherlands and national Climate agreement

1. 40-50 PJ renewable energy in 20112. 4-5 Mton CO2-emission reduction in 20113. 15-20 Mton CO2-emission reduction after 20114. CO2 capture and storage5. Energy-innovations and economic

development6. Integration adaptation to climate

change in spatial planning and area oriented projects

7. Use of climate scenarios in spatial planning en development of regional climate atlases

Strategic themes Energy Agreement Northern Netherlands

1. Energy saving in housing, greenhouses and industry

2. Sustainable energy3. Biofuels and sustainable mobility4. Clean fossil, including CO2 storage5. Knowledge and innovation6. Start up three knowledge centers and

15 innovative projects

Top three:1. Energy saving in the build

environment2. Energy saving in industry3. Production of renewable energy

Largest potentials for CO2 emission reduction (study 2003)

Is it possible?

• Energy potentials

• Local renewable resources

Grounds for Change:

Energy-potentials Northern-Netherlands solar, wind, hydro, biomass, geothermal

Grounds for Change, 2006

Grounds for Change, 2006

Electricity from the sun, wind, water &

biomass

Van den Dobbelsteen, 2007

Potentials geothermal heat: shallow and deep aquifers

Cascading potentials: heat-cold demands

Van den Dobbelsteen, 2007

Integrated heat & cold potential map

Van den Dobbelsteen, 2007

Overlay CO2 capture potential map

Van den Dobbelsteen, 2007

Proposed energy-based interventions

Natural reserves

forestlands and wetlands for CO2

bonding

Tidal plant

and blue energy

Blue energy plant

Inundation plant

Biomass boulevard

bio-plant, bio-refinery, bio-ethanol

factory

Wind turbine parkresidences, holiday homes, spa, tropical paradise, seasonal

industry

City of heat

Heat cascading

industry feeds horticulture feeds

residences

Van den Dobbelsteen, 2007

Findings potential mapping

• Performance– 50% of energy demand solved needed energy

savings: 50%– 80% of CO2 emissions avoided

• Energy neutrality is possible– decentralised small cores of farms, houses and

light industry sustainable energy: PV, small wind turbines and bio-digestion/CHP

– new development plans design for self-sufficiency

Is it necessary?

• Oil prices

• Collapsing regions

• Centralised or network grid

• Mix of local potentials

Distance from central city

Spatial-economic energy model

Usage of local potentials is essential

Van den Dobbelsteen, 2008

Centralised Hierarchy

DecentralisedNetwork

Is it realised?

• Groningen Energy Standard

• Meerstad developments

• Existing buildings

• New techniques

• COSTA DUE

Groningen standard is higher than national one, and can be realised by:

1. Good isolation (30 cm layer)2. Heat & cold storage, heat pumps3. Retrieving heat from ventilation system

and shower4. Solar energy, both

electrical and thermal

Groningen Standard for Energy use of Buildings

1st part Meerstad: no gas network

Heat pumps and heat and cold storage Provincie Groningen

Heat pump

Use of solar panels

Energy saving: insulation & breathing window (Kristinsson)

Breathing window© Jon Kristinsson, www.breathingwindow.org

Smart power system - connected and exchangable power plants (micro CHP’s) at

home

Results of micro CHP

How does it work?

1.Meetings in suburbs 2. Energy scan3. Offer with measures and financial

construction4. Installing measures

Living++ : Improving private houses

Energy saving box for low incomes:saves energy

helps low income familiescreates jobs

Tidal energy - Afsluitdijk (closure dike)

Blue energy: scheme

osmosis-plant

Solar boat race, Friesland

COSTA DUE: COncrete STEps towards a SUstainable Eemsmond

1. Long-term2. Reinforce Eemsmond using

green energy3. Improve economic structure4. Decrease CO2-emissions5. Increase knowledge on

system innovations

import

biomass

CO2-storage

region

biodiesel

Delfzijl primary industry

conv

ersi

on

natural gas infrastructure

biomethanol

half- finished products

Costa Due: sketch of the system

Two power plants with

CO2 capture and storage

in Eems harbour

Eemsharbour overview

Adaptation to climate change is necessary also!

• Coastal defence

• Water management

• Ecology

• Strategic interventions

“Côte d’Ollard”

“Energy wharf”

Multi-fuel plant with CO2 storage

Biomass & ethanol-production

Industrial EcologyGrounds for Change, 2006

Spatial planning, energy and adaptation

in Eemsdelta

Withdrawn dike

Water storage

Climate and the spatial lay-out

• Water buffers for storage and discharge

• Housing at higher lplaces in the landscape Woningbouw

• Nature is connected to water buffers and brook system

• New Wadden Islands• Room for flexible coastal

zone• Saline agriculture l&

aquacultures in coastal zone

Roggema, 2007

Strategic adaptation-interventions

Roggema, UKSS, 2008

Conclusions

1. Local energy production is possible & necessary

2. Adapt the grid system3. Make use of the latest techniques4. Energy related interventions, integrated in

spatial context5. Take spatial measures, both on adaptation and

mitigation, which are required in the second half of this century, starting today

Conclusions - 2

Local production of renewables is:DesirablePossible &Necessary

But only the first steps in realisation are made

Contacts

r.roggema@provinciegroningen.nl

Breathing window:

www.breathingwindow.org, jon@kristinsson.nl

Smart power system: www.qurrent.com

Micro CHP: www.gasterra.nl, hans.overdiep@gasterra.nl