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Clifton Sport Psychology
Sport Psychology in GAA
How to Mentally Prepare Athletes For Gaelic Games
Clifton Sport Psychology
‘The mind is the athlete. Thebody is simply the means it usesto run faster or longer, jumphigher, shoot straighter, kickbetter, swim harder, hit further,or box better’.
Bryce Courtney, The Power of One, 1992
Clifton Sport PsychologyLearning Outcomes
To identify key areas of sport psychology
To apply these areas to Gaelic Games
To empower GAA coaches with knowledge
Clifton Sport Psychology Objectives
To explain the key theories and principles of sport psychology and how they lead to improved athletic performance
To apply these principles to Gaelic Games
To give appropriate examples in order to empower coaches to use these principles with their athletes
Clifton Sport Psychology Key Mental Areas
Motivation
Anxiety
Team Cohesion
Clifton Sport PsychologyMotivation
‘Motivation is a desire to achieve a goal, combined with the energy to work towards that goal’.
As coaches you firstly be motivated
Impossible to motivate others if you can’t motivate yourself
Clifton Sport Psychology Activity
A quick check of your Motivation
Ask the coach beside you
Why Did You Play Sports?
Why Do You Coach?
Clifton Sport Psychology
Remember
Always remember….Players come to coaches already highly motivated
Therefore…It’s your job to maintain your players’ natural motivation to play the sport
Like me tonight!!!!!
Clifton Sport Psychology
How do we do it
Goal Setting Communicate
Feedback Music
New & Exciting Training Give Players Responsibility
Have Players of Week/ Man of Matches
Know your players
GOAL SETTING
What to measure -performance profiling
When we set them-performance goals not outcome goals challenging goals not easy onesrealistic goalsspecific goalsshort term not long term goalsgoals assist performance attitude and motivation
. feedback on progress is importantplayers must accept goals
Clifton Sport Psychology
Performance Profiling
With your players or fellow coacheslist the important attributes of the game.
Give the profile to the players
Player rates where you feel you are (atthis moment) on each attribute (1=not at alllike me & 10= could not get any better).
Clifton Sport Psychology
FEEDBACK
The primary function of a coach is to somehowalter existing sporting behavior - could be atechnique, tactics, skills or behaviour
As coaches, you must make a conscious decisionas to whether we will use a POSITIVE orNEGATIVE approach when you attempt tomake these changes
Clifton Sport Psychology
Using a Negative Approach(shouting, fear, negative feedback) to Change Behaviour
AdvantageIt often works -- can eliminate undesirablebehaviour. But only in the short run and only when we are present and only when we’re willingly to punish with exercise!!
Disadvantages
Can be very unpleasant -- reduceenjoyment and MOTIVATION (mayincrease likelihood of athletes quitting theteam)Increases ANXIETY (and error rate)Produces “fear of failure”
Clifton Sport Psychology
Clifton Sport Psychology
Anxiety
Anxiety is a natural reaction to threats in the environment and part of the preparation for the ‘fight or flight’ response.
It happens in Sport because:It can be a threat posed towards one’s ego/self esteem Demands of training or competition exceed one’s perceived abilityIt can be physically exhausting It places you against superior opponents Hostile fans might verbally abuse you the Elements may need to be overcome Your emotional frailties are constantly laid bare for all to see
Clifton Sport PsychologyAnxiety
“Walking from the locker-room to the ring is the scariest feeling I ever had in my life…It's like I have butterflies, my heart is beating, I'm already sweating, my hands are wet, it's just a real scary feeling”
Gerald McClellan, former WBC super-middleweight champion
Recognizing Symptoms of Arousal and State AnxietyRecognizing Symptoms of Arousal and State Anxiety
Physical (somatic) symptonsProfuse sweating, muscular tension, butterflies, dry mouth, blushing, nausea
Mental (cognitive) symptomsConfusion, poor concentration, fear, negative images, forgetfulness, indecision, feeling heavy, loss of confidence, negative self-talk
Behavioural symptomsBiting fingernails, inhibited posture, lethargic movements, going through the motions, playing safe, introversion, consistently better performance in non-evaluative situations
Physical (somatic) symptonsProfuse sweating, muscular tension, butterflies, dry mouth, blushing, nausea
Mental (cognitive) symptomsConfusion, poor concentration, fear, negative images, forgetfulness, indecision, feeling heavy, loss of confidence, negative self-talk
Behavioural symptomsBiting fingernails, inhibited posture, lethargic movements, going through the motions, playing safe, introversion, consistently better performance in non-evaluative situations
Clifton Sport Psychology Techniques to Solve
Anxiety
Relaxation and Breathing Techniques (see GAA web)
Routines
Imagery (see GAA web)
Self-Talk
Clifton Sport Psychology
ROUTINES
Post Match/ Half Time Team Talks- organised & worthwhile
Player routines for games 2-3 hours before-Somatic
Announce team days in advance/give players instructions-Cognitive
Same warm up all before all games
Routines in changing rooms Players aware of their job
Posters of players-characteristics Captain to text players
Presentation of jerseys
Individuals work on pre-performance rituals
Clifton Sport Psychology
Self-Talk
The collection of thoughts or statements players make to themselves regarding their
performance.
They can be a very powerful tool effecting performance
Athletes usually use them negatively-Inappropriate Negative
Coaches should identify if athlete using Self Talk
Change to –Appropriate Positive
Examples ‘Watch the ball’- Concentration‘Go for it’- Fighting Spirit‘Relax’- Alleviate Fear and Choking
Clifton Sport Psychology
Examples of Negative
and Positive Self-Talk
NEGATIVE POSITIVE
ALWAYS OFTEN
I MUST I WANT
I CANNOT IT MAY BE DIFFICULT
I DONT WANT I WILL
The key is changing Negative to Positive
Clifton Sport Psychology
TEAM
COHESION
Team cohesion is commonly defined as a dynamic process that is reflected in the tendency of a group to remain united in the pursuit of its goals and objectives
Q. What qualities, attributes, and characteristics does a team need?
Q. Which ones does a successful team that other teams don’t?
Lions tours are aboutLions tours are aboutbonding together. As abonding together. As a
touring side you aretouring side you arealways up against it.always up against it.
Success depends onSuccess depends onwhether you comewhether you come
together or you split intotogether or you split intofactions…There werefactions…There weretimes with this Lionstimes with this Lionssquad when we feltsquad when we feltinvincible – that weinvincible – that we
could take on the wholecould take on the wholeworld and beat them.world and beat them.
Jeremy Jeremy GuscottGuscott (1977) (1977)British Lions Rugby PlayerBritish Lions Rugby Player
“In previous squads we“In previous squads wewould see players sittingwould see players sittingdown to meals anddown to meals andstaying with their clubstaying with their clubgroups. A Munich tablegroups. A Munich tablehere, a Cologne tablehere, a Cologne tablethere. This year, it hasthere. This year, it hasbeen different. Everyonebeen different. Everyonemixes in and it makes formixes in and it makes fora better team”a better team”Franz Franz BeckenbaurBeckenbaurcoach of the West Germancoach of the West Germansoccer team that won the Worldsoccer team that won the WorldCup in 1990Cup in 1990
“We played as a team,“We played as a team,we dined as a team, wewe dined as a team, wetalked as a team and wetalked as a team and wewon as a team…Thewon as a team…Theteam spirit this weekteam spirit this weekhas been the best that Ihas been the best that Ihave experienced in this,have experienced in this,my third Ryder Cup”my third Ryder Cup”Darren Clarke (2002)Darren Clarke (2002)European team playerEuropean team player
“ You can’t have the individual“ You can’t have the individualahead of the collective…never.ahead of the collective…never.
I am only there to finish the job ofI am only there to finish the job ofthe team”the team”
Thierry Henry (2002)Thierry Henry (2002)France & ArsenalFrance & Arsenal
Clifton Sport Psychology
Eight key characteristics of asuccessful team in sport
Sven-Goran Eriksson
Members of the team must have a commonMembers of the team must have a commonvisionvision
Members should have a clear understandingMembers should have a clear understandingof the team’s goalsof the team’s goals
Members must have a good understanding ofMembers must have a good understanding ofteam’s strategies and tacticsteam’s strategies and tactics
Members must have ‘inner discipline’Members must have ‘inner discipline’ Successful teams must have players whoSuccessful teams must have players who
compliment each othercompliment each other Effective teams require a division of rolesEffective teams require a division of roles
(which should be respected equally by the(which should be respected equally by thecoach)coach)
Players in successful teams must learn to putPlayers in successful teams must learn to putthe common good before their own intereststhe common good before their own interests
Members of a successful team must acceptMembers of a successful team must acceptcollective responsibility and think ‘we’ insteadcollective responsibility and think ‘we’ insteadof ‘me’of ‘me’
Guidelines for Building Team CohesionLeader-coach strategies
Guidelines for Building Team CohesionLeader-coach strategies
Have a vision
Be realistically optimistic
Determine your strategy
Communicate effectively
Explain individual roles in team success
Develop pride within subunits
Set challenging team goals
Lead by example
Develop motivational videos
Use plenty of positive feedback
Have a vision
Be realistically optimistic
Determine your strategy
Communicate effectively
Explain individual roles in team success
Develop pride within subunits
Set challenging team goals
Lead by example
Develop motivational videos
Use plenty of positive feedback
Encourage team identity
Encourage leaders
Discourage formation of socialcliques
Be fair, consistent & honest
Discourage criticism
Conduct periodic team meetings
Know the team climate
Know something personal abouteach group member
Have fun!
Encourage team identity
Encourage leaders
Discourage formation of socialcliques
Be fair, consistent & honest
Discourage criticism
Conduct periodic team meetings
Know the team climate
Know something personal abouteach group member
Have fun!
Guidelines for Building Team CohesionLeader-coach strategies
Guidelines for Building Team CohesionLeader-coach strategies
Guidelines for Building Team CohesionGroup member strategiesGuidelines for Building Team CohesionGroup member strategies
Resolve conflictsimmediatelyChallenge yourselfBe responsible Communicatehonestly and openlywith coach or leader Give 100% effort atall times
Guidelines for Building Team CohesionGroup member strategiesGuidelines for Building Team CohesionGroup member strategies
Get to knowmembers of the group
Help groupmembers wheneverpossible
Give group memberspositive reinforcement
Set personal goalswithin the overall teamgoals
Clifton Sport Psychology
Thank-you for your time
Please take a card
I hope you have taken something from tonight
And remember to coach a very important lesson
NEVER GIVE UP
Clifton Sport Psychology