Psikologi SukanPsikologi Sukan

SPKK Tahap 1SPKK Tahap 1Tajuk:Tajuk:

1. Motivasi1. Motivasi2. Konsep Kendiri2. Konsep Kendiri

Sport PsychologySport Psychology

SPKK Level 1SPKK Level 1

Topic:Topic:

MotivationMotivation

DEFINITIONDEFINITION

Sport Psychology is the study of Sport Psychology is the study of thoughts (attitudes), feelings (emotions), thoughts (attitudes), feelings (emotions), and reactions (actions) of athletes in a and reactions (actions) of athletes in a competitive setting.competitive setting.

Performance = Psychological readiness Performance = Psychological readiness

+ Physical preparation + Physical preparation

+ Technical skill + Technical skill

+ Tactical awareness+ Tactical awareness

MOTIVATIONMOTIVATION

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES1.1. Define motivation and its components,Define motivation and its components,

2.2. Differentiate between extrinsic and intrinsic Differentiate between extrinsic and intrinsic motivation,motivation,

3.3. Know how to use direct and indirect Know how to use direct and indirect methods of motivation,methods of motivation,

4.4. Identify other methods of motivating the Identify other methods of motivating the athletes.athletes.

CONCEPT OF MOTIVATIONCONCEPT OF MOTIVATION

Motivation can be defined simply as the Motivation can be defined simply as the direction and intensity of one’s effort direction and intensity of one’s effort (Sage, 1977).(Sage, 1977).

Motivation is to start, to energise and Motivation is to start, to energise and maintain a behaviourmaintain a behaviour

CONCEPT OF MOTIVATIONCONCEPT OF MOTIVATION

1.1 Direction of Effort1.1 Direction of Effort

1.2 Intensity of Effort1.2 Intensity of Effort

1.3 The Relationship between Direction 1.3 The Relationship between Direction

and Intensityand Intensity

“The burning question is how badly do you want to succeed?”

Geoff Boycott.

IF I BELIEVE I CAN DO OR BE IF I BELIEVE I CAN DO OR BE

SOMETHING / SOMEBODY,SOMETHING / SOMEBODY, CHANCES ARE I WILL. CHANCES ARE I WILL.

IF I DON’T, I WON’T, IF I DON’T, I WON’T, IT IS AS SIMPLE AND IT IS AS SIMPLE AND

AS IMPORTANT AS THATAS IMPORTANT AS THAT

QuotationQuotation

Most people give up just Most people give up just

when they’re about to when they’re about to

achieve success. They achieve success. They

quit on the one yard line. quit on the one yard line.

They give up at last They give up at last

minute of the game, one minute of the game, one

foot from a winning foot from a winning

touchdown.touchdown.

QuotationQuotation

SOURCES OF MOTIVATIONSOURCES OF MOTIVATION

Intrinsic MotivationIntrinsic Motivation

Athletes who are intrinsically motivated Athletes who are intrinsically motivated have an inner striving to be competent have an inner striving to be competent and self-determining, to master the task, and self-determining, to master the task, and to be successful. and to be successful.

SOURCES OF MOTIVATIONSOURCES OF MOTIVATION

Extrinsic motivationExtrinsic motivation

Motivation that comes from other Motivation that comes from other sources through positive and sources through positive and negative reinforcement. negative reinforcement.

Tangible: trophies, medals or money Tangible: trophies, medals or money

Intangible: praise, public recognition and Intangible: praise, public recognition and

punishment. punishment.

Key Components for SuccessKey Components for Success

1.1. DDesireesire2.2. DDisciplineiscipline3.3. DDeterminationetermination

SS - Strive - StriveUU - Unique - UniqueCC - Courage - CourageCC - Change - ChangeEE - Efficient - EfficientSS - Strength - StrengthSS - Survival - Survival

TYPES OF MOTIVATIONTYPES OF MOTIVATION

Direct methods of motivationDirect methods of motivation IdentificationIdentification

ComplianceCompliance

Internalization Internalization

Indirect methods of motivationIndirect methods of motivationChange the physical situationChange the physical situation

Change the psychological situationChange the psychological situation

QuotationQuotation

YOUR STATE OF MIND DIRECTLY YOUR STATE OF MIND DIRECTLY AFFECTS HOW YOU PERFORM. AFFECTS HOW YOU PERFORM. YOUR BODY RESPONDS TO YOUR YOUR BODY RESPONDS TO YOUR THOUGHTS. IF YOU ARE AIMING FOR THOUGHTS. IF YOU ARE AIMING FOR PEAK PERFORMANCES YOU WANT PEAK PERFORMANCES YOU WANT TO BE IN A STATE OF READINESS : TO BE IN A STATE OF READINESS : PSYCHOLOGICALLY AND PHYSICALLY PSYCHOLOGICALLY AND PHYSICALLY

Hemery (1990)Hemery (1990)

METHODS OF MOTIVATING METHODS OF MOTIVATING ATHLETESATHLETES

Athletes’ needs and motivesAthletes’ needs and motives

Understand athletes’ needsUnderstand athletes’ needs

3 prominent motives 3 prominent motives To play for fun (sensation)To play for fun (sensation)

To be with other people (affiliation)To be with other people (affiliation)

To demonstrate competence in order to feel To demonstrate competence in order to feel worthy (achievement)worthy (achievement)

Use extrinsic and intrinsic rewards Use extrinsic and intrinsic rewards

Food for ThoughtFood for Thought

If an athlete is coached with criticism, she learns to condemnIf an athlete is coached with criticism, she learns to condemnIf an athlete is coached with hostility, he learns to fightIf an athlete is coached with hostility, he learns to fightIf an athlete is coached with ridicule, she learns to hateIf an athlete is coached with ridicule, she learns to hateIf an athlete is coached with shame, he learns to feel guiltyIf an athlete is coached with shame, he learns to feel guiltyIf an athlete is coached with tolerance, she learns to be patientIf an athlete is coached with tolerance, she learns to be patientIf an athlete is coached with fairness, he learns justiceIf an athlete is coached with fairness, he learns justiceIf an athlete is coached with consistency, she learns to trustIf an athlete is coached with consistency, she learns to trustIf an athlete is coached with respect, he learns to respect himselfIf an athlete is coached with respect, he learns to respect himselfIf an athlete is coached with encouragement, she learns to be confidentIf an athlete is coached with encouragement, she learns to be confidentIf an athlete is coached with praise, he learns to appreciateIf an athlete is coached with praise, he learns to appreciate

How do you coach your athletes?How do you coach your athletes?

DISCUSSIONDISCUSSION

1.1. Discuss direct and indirect methods of Discuss direct and indirect methods of motivation by sharing specific examples motivation by sharing specific examples related to you as a coach.related to you as a coach.

2.2. Discuss the following with specific Discuss the following with specific situations in your sport:situations in your sport:

Intrinsic and extrinsic motivationIntrinsic and extrinsic motivation

Athletes’ needs and motivationAthletes’ needs and motivation

Sport PsychologySport Psychology

SPKK Level 1SPKK Level 1

Topic:Topic:

Self-conceptSelf-concept

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

Athletes with a positive self-concept will Athletes with a positive self-concept will have a positive self-image, self belief and have a positive self-image, self belief and high self-esteem. high self-esteem.

They feel good about themselves, self-They feel good about themselves, self-worthy, and confident. worthy, and confident.

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES

Identify the components of self-concept Identify the components of self-concept in sportin sport

Explain the self-image cycle specifically Explain the self-image cycle specifically how self-image affects our attitudes, how self-image affects our attitudes, expectations, behaviours, and expectations, behaviours, and performance in all areas of our livesperformance in all areas of our lives

Detail some strategies to help athletes Detail some strategies to help athletes enhance their positive self-imageenhance their positive self-image

DEFINITIONDEFINITION

Self-concept is defined as a person’s self-Self-concept is defined as a person’s self-perception, which is formed through experiences perception, which is formed through experiences with, and through interpretations of his or her with, and through interpretations of his or her environment.environment.

These perceptions are influenced by the These perceptions are influenced by the evaluation of significant others, reinforcements, evaluation of significant others, reinforcements, and the way people interpret their own and the way people interpret their own behaviours to themselves (i.e. their behaviours to themselves (i.e. their attributions or reasons for their attributions or reasons for their behaviours). behaviours).

Conceptualization of Self Conceptualization of Self

Influences of a Positive Self-ConceptInfluences of a Positive Self-Concept

MotivationMotivation i.e. drive to pursue goals.i.e. drive to pursue goals.LearningLearning i.e. acquisition of new knowledge or i.e. acquisition of new knowledge or skills.skills.Athletic performanceAthletic performance i.e. achieve personal best. i.e. achieve personal best.Personal relationshipPersonal relationship i.e. liking for others and i.e. liking for others and acceptance by others.acceptance by others.Life satisfactionLife satisfaction i.e. how a person feels satisfied i.e. how a person feels satisfied with personal accomplishment.with personal accomplishment.Performance in other areasPerformance in other areas i.e. his/her own i.e. his/her own individual areas and pursuing life goalsindividual areas and pursuing life goals

Acquiring Positive Self-ConceptAcquiring Positive Self-Concept

Show AcceptanceShow Acceptance

Offer Specific PraiseOffer Specific Praise

Give Personal AttentionGive Personal Attention

Emphasize Self ResponsibilityEmphasize Self Responsibility

SELF-IMAGESELF-IMAGE

Self-image affects our attitudes, Self-image affects our attitudes, expectations, behaviors, and expectations, behaviors, and performances in all areas of our lives performances in all areas of our lives

The Success CycleThe Success Cycle

The Failure Cycle The Failure Cycle

Reprogramme for SuccessReprogramme for Success

CRAFTCRAFT PROCESS PROCESS

1.1. CCancel – ancel – memories of your old, negative beliefs.memories of your old, negative beliefs.

2.2. RReplace – eplace – them with new, positive beliefs.them with new, positive beliefs.

3.3. AAffirm – ffirm – your new concept of yourself. your new concept of yourself.

4.4. FFocus – ocus – on specific images of success.on specific images of success.

5.5. TTrain – rain – yourself to accept your new beliefs.yourself to accept your new beliefs.

Positive Self-Image AthletesPositive Self-Image Athletes

Athletes with positive self-image have Athletes with positive self-image have positive feelings about themselves, about positive feelings about themselves, about their capabilities and clear about the their capabilities and clear about the roles that they play. roles that they play.

It is important that athletes develop a It is important that athletes develop a more positive self-image for this leads to more positive self-image for this leads to greater self-confidence. A self-confident greater self-confidence. A self-confident athlete is sure of himself, athlete is sure of himself, his ability, and less prone his ability, and less prone to worry.to worry.

SELF-ESTEEMSELF-ESTEEM

Self-esteem is defined as the evaluation of Self-esteem is defined as the evaluation of self with respect to an ideal vision of self self with respect to an ideal vision of self along a dimension (characteristics) used along a dimension (characteristics) used to describe self. to describe self. Athletes who feel good about themselves Athletes who feel good about themselves are said to have a high self-esteem. are said to have a high self-esteem. They recognize their own strengths and They recognize their own strengths and weaknesses and accept their weaknesses and accept their selves for what they are. selves for what they are.

Factors that Influence Self-esteem Factors that Influence Self-esteem in Sports in Sports

Self-imageSelf-image

RelationshipsRelationships

Social environmentsSocial environments

The mediaThe media

Personal achievementsPersonal achievements

Improving Self-esteem in SportImproving Self-esteem in Sport

Increase self-knowledgeIncrease self-knowledge

Be more self-acceptingBe more self-accepting

Set goalsSet goals

SELF-BELIEF / SELF-BELIEF / SELF-CONFIDENCESELF-CONFIDENCE

Self-belief can be regarded synonymously Self-belief can be regarded synonymously with confidence. Sport psychologists with confidence. Sport psychologists define self-confidence as the belief that define self-confidence as the belief that you can successfully perform a desired you can successfully perform a desired behavior.behavior.

“I always know I would do it one day. I always believed” Mike Powell, after breaking the world long jump record.

SELF-VULNERABILITYSELF-VULNERABILITY

Self-vulnerability is the perception of Self-vulnerability is the perception of change in self, occurring under stressful change in self, occurring under stressful circumstances circumstances

““When the going gets tough, When the going gets tough,

the tough gets going” the tough gets going”

DISCUSSIONDISCUSSION

1.1. Discuss the 4 ways a coach could use to Discuss the 4 ways a coach could use to facilitate positive self-concept of players.facilitate positive self-concept of players.

2.2. Describe the characteristics of athletes Describe the characteristics of athletes with positive self-image. with positive self-image.

Food for ThoughtFood for Thought

“ “An estimation of my own ability is far more An estimation of my own ability is far more important than that of any selector”important than that of any selector”

Stuart BarnesStuart Barnes

“ “Of all the judgments that we pass in life, none is Of all the judgments that we pass in life, none is as important as the one we pass on ourselves, for as important as the one we pass on ourselves, for that judgment touches the very centre of our that judgment touches the very centre of our existence. How we relate to ourselves affects how existence. How we relate to ourselves affects how we relate to others, and to the world around us”we relate to others, and to the world around us”

Nathaniel BrandenNathaniel Branden