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Cutting Edge: Early Signals of

Innovation Trends to Watch Out For

Jules Besnainou

Director, Cleantech Group

jules.besnainou@cleantech.com

@julobes

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Agenda

Ana Trbovic Grid Singularity

Lionel Rudant CEA - Leti

Anna Gilles ENS Lyon

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Block chain:

The trust hype

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Agenda The block chain, a distributed ledger

Transaction 1

Transaction 2

Transaction 3

Transaction 4

Transaction 500

Block 11 1, 2, 3, 4…500

Block Block

Block Block Block 11

1, 2, 3, 4…500

1. A set of

transactions are

broadcast

2. “Miners”

compete to

combine them in

a block

3. Winning “Miner”

adds the block to

the pre-existing

chain, broadcasts

for verification

Transaction 1

Transaction 2

Transaction 3

Transaction 4

Transaction 500

4. New chain is

disseminated to

network

5. Transactions

are verified by

network, and

permanently

added to chain

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2. Energy access

& trading

1. Internet of

(decentralized

autonomous)

things

What it could disrupt

3. The Smart Grid

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Barriers to market

1. Fragmentation

2. Critical mass

3. Speed and scaling

4.Computing power = energy

consumption

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Electricity Grid Supply Chain

Platforms

IoT

Opportunities to invest

Smart Contract

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Ana Trbovic

Director

Grid Singularity

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5G:

Fifth time’s the charm

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The two 5Gs

1. The hyper-connected vision 2. Next-gen radio technology

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What it could disrupt

1. Autonomous

Vehicles

2. Data Delivery 3. Telecoms

business models

4. Virtual Reality

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Caution’s the word

1. Coverage will be an issue

2. Infrastructure investments will need

to be high

3. A battle of standards and

compatibility looms

4. Until then, your IoT investments are

risky

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Lionel Rudant

Strategic Marketing Manager

CEA - Leti

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Gene Editing

Ctrl+c, Ctrl+v

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What it could disrupt

1. Food, crops &

pest management

2. Biofuels 3. Biomaterials

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Barriers to market

1. Regulatory environment

2. Ongoing IP battle

3. Consumer reservations

4. Readier competitors

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CRISPR Developers

Opportunities to invest

Energy, materials

and ag applications

50

100

150

200

250

2/2/2016 2/22/2016 3/13/2016 4/2/2016

Cellectis Sangamo Editas

$1.4bn

$1bn

$0.5bn

Share price, IPO date and market cap of a few bio stocks

2016

2015

2000

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Anna Gilles

Researcher

ENS Lyon

Travis Bedel for Quanta Magazine

A Common Molecule: DNA

• Four bases:

– Adenine

– Guanine

– Thymine

– Cytosine

• Human genome:

– 3.3 x 109 base pairs

– ~ 20 000 genes

• Fly genome:

– 1.2 x 108 base pairs

– ~17 000 genes

Travis Bedel for Quanta Magazine

CRISPR/Cas9: the bacterial immune system

CRISPR: Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats

Cas9: CRISPR-associated protein 9

Linnea Holmström Ljung

sgRNA

tracrRNA

CRISPR

CRISPR/Cas9 at the molecular level

sgRNA: • any 17-20 nucleotides, followed

by NGG on the target DNA • very specific

What CRISPR/Cas9 does:

What we can do with CRISPR/Cas9:

Introduce targeted deletions into genes

Precisely modify genes by introducing new DNA at specific sites

CRISPR/Cas9 can be programmed for any model organism

Emmanuelle Charpentier

Jennifer Doudna

Linnea Holmström Ljung

Hsu et al. 2014, Cell

Example: Vaccine production in chicken

• 2% of children worldwide allergic to chicken egg protein

• Allergy mostly caused by one gene

• removal of this gene in chicken with CRISPR/Cas9 will make vaccines safer for children

Why CRISPR/Cas9 is a big deal

• Straightforward design • Cost-efficient • Works in any of the major model organisms • High targeting efficiency → unprecedented liberty to precisely edit genomes at low cost

Why CRISPR/Cas9 is a big deal

• Straightforward design • Cost-efficient • Works in any of the major model organisms • High targeting efficiency → unprecedented liberty to precisely edit genomes at low cost

Why CRISPR/Cas9 is highly debated

• Delivery of components • “off-target effects“ • Any organism modified with CRISPR/Cas9 is a GMO! • Modification of the human germ line possible • Patent situation unclear

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