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Classifying AnimalsVertebrates and Invertebrates
Mrs. Christman
Objective
Explore how to classify animals. Understand that animal cells are organized
into tissues, organs, and systems. Describe observable characteristics of
vertebrates and invertebrates. Classify animals by using a key.
Main Idea
While all animals’ cells have similar basic structures, the specific structure and function of these cells are very diverse. The more cells, tissues, organs, and systems that organisms have in common or that are similar, the more closely related they are.
Vocabulary
tissue-similar cells that have the same job or function
organ- a group of tissues that work together, like a heart or brain.
system- a group of organs that work together to do a certain job. For example, a mouth, stomach, and intestines make up the digestive system of an animal.
Classifying Animals
Scientists classify animals based on cell structure, how cells are organized into tissues, how tissues are organized into organs, and how organs are organized into systems.
Classifying Animals Scientists look at the similarity of certain traits to
classify animals. For example, at first glance a bat and an eagle
may seem more alike than a bat and a cat. However, a bat and an eagle are very different.
The bat and cat are both mammals. Both have hair and both feed their young mother’s milk.
Birds on the other hand, are not mammals. Birds do not have fur and do not fee their young mother’s milk.
Vertebrates and Invertebrates
Animals are divided into two large groups. One group is made up of animals that have
backbones (vertebrates) The second group are animals that do not
have a backbone. They are called invertebrates.
Sponges
One of the simplest kinds of animals is a sponge.
Belong to a group called Porifera. Have tissues but no organs. No stomach,
mouth, or other organs Body is covered with pores (holes) Most live in oceans
Invertebrates with Stinging Cells Belong to Cnidaria group They have tentacles-long
threadlike structures that make poisons.
They have a mouth They live on the ocean floor
jellyfish
Sea anemone
coral
Flatworms Belong to a group Platyhelminthes Have flat bodies Have heads and tails Most flatworms do not have true organ
systems
Flatworm
Roundworms
Belong to a group Nematoda Have heads and tails Unlike flatworms,
roundworms have round bodies, a digestive systems, and a simple nervous system.
Live all over earth, inside plants, and animals
Roundworms
Earth Worms
Belong to a group called segmented, or Annelida
Have heads and tails. Many segmented worms have eyes and other specialized organs, such as jaws or gills
Have circulatory, digestive, and nervous systems
They can grow back parts if they lose parts. An earthworm has hairs on it to help it go
through the dirt
Segmented
Invertebrates with Soft Bodies
Snails, clams, and octopuses belong to the mollusks group
Most have a shell either inside or outside their body. They make their shells from minerals in the water.
Have three main body parts, a kind of foot, a tissue covering called a mantel, and a compartment holding internal organs.
squid
snail
octopus
Invertebrates with Soft Bodies
They live on land and fresh water and ocean water.
They have gills for breathing. They have jaws or other organs
for capturing food. Have a circulatory system.
More complex mollusks, like octopuses, have a well-developed brain.
squid
snail
octopus
Invertebrates with Spiny Skins Unlike arthropods, the
Echinodermata, or echinoderms, have a skeleton inside their bodies
They have bodies with at least 5 sections
They have suction cup feet to walk They use tubes to catch food to.
ArthropodsThere are 4 groups
C ru s tace a ns A ra ch n ids In se c ts C e ntip ed esM illip e d es
A rtho po ds
There are more arthropods on Earth than any other kind of animal.
Arthopods
They have keen sense organs They have exoskeletons, a tough
outer skeleton. They have jointed legs, and a body
made up of two, three, or more sections.
Crustaceans
They have five pairs of legs
They live near or on the ocean floor
Live on land and water
They have antennae
Arachnids
Spiders mites and ticks.
4 pairs of legs Most live on land. Some live in fresh
water They are called
parasites.
Insects
Largest group of arthropods
3 pairs of legs 3 main body part
sections 2 pairs of eyes Have mouths
Millipedes & Centipedes
Many body segments Live under rocks & dark
places Really have less than 100
legs Protects itself by curling up Millipedes have 4 legs on
each segment Centipedes have 2 legs on
each segment
millipede
centipede