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Cla
ssify
ing 3
D In
put D
evic
es
by
Robert W
. Lin
dem
an
WPI, D
ept. o
f Com
pute
r Scie
nce
gogo@
wpi.e
du
R.W
. Lin
dem
an - W
PI D
ept. o
f Com
pute
r Scie
nce
2
Motiv
atio
nThe m
ouse a
nd k
eyboard
are
good fo
r genera
l deskto
pU
I tasks
Text e
ntry
, sele
ctio
n, d
rag a
nd d
rop, s
cro
lling, ru
bber
bandin
g, …
Fix
ed c
om
putin
g e
nviro
nm
ent
2D
mouse fo
r 2D
win
dow
s
How
can w
e d
esig
n e
ffectiv
e te
chniq
ues fo
r 3D
?U
se a
2D
devic
e?
Use m
ultip
le n-D
devic
es?
Use n
ew
devic
es?
Use 2
D in
terfa
ce w
idgets
?
Need n
ew
inte
ractio
n te
chniq
ues!
R.W
. Lin
dem
an - W
PI D
ept. o
f Com
pute
r Scie
nce
3
Motiv
atio
n (c
ont.)
Gam
ing a
nd V
irtual R
eality
Tig
ht c
ouplin
g b
etw
een action a
nd reaction
Need fo
r pre
cis
ion
VR c
an g
ive real firs
t-pers
on e
xperie
nces, n
ot
just v
iew
sH
ead-m
ounte
d D
ispla
yIn
ord
er to
look b
ehin
d y
ou, tu
rn y
our h
ead!
Sele
ctin
g/m
anip
ula
ting a
n o
bje
ct
Reach y
our h
and o
ut a
nd g
rab it!
Tra
vel
Just w
alk
(well, n
ot q
uite
)!
Doin
g th
ings th
at h
ave n
o p
hysic
al a
nalo
g is
more
pro
ble
matic
R.W
. Lin
dem
an - W
PI D
ept. o
f Com
pute
r Scie
nce
4
Com
mon In
put D
evic
es
TrackPoint
TrackB
allTouchPad
Mouse
Keyboard
Joystick
Tablet
MightyM
ouse
R.W
. Lin
dem
an - W
PI D
ept. o
f Com
pute
r Scie
nce
5
Gam
e C
ontro
llers
Sourc
e: h
ttp://w
ww
.axess.c
om
/twilig
ht/c
onsole
/
Atari 2600(1977)
Intellivision(1980)
PlayStation2(2000)
Xbox 360(2005)
Revolution(2006?)
CL
IP
R.W
. Lin
dem
an - W
PI D
ept. o
f Com
pute
r Scie
nce
6
Cla
ssific
atio
n S
chem
es
Rela
tive v
s. A
bsolu
te m
ovem
ent
Inte
gra
ted v
s. S
epara
ble
degre
es o
ffre
edom
Dig
ital v
s. A
nalo
g d
evic
es
Isom
etric
vs. Is
oto
nic
devic
es
Rate
contro
l vs. P
ositio
n c
ontro
l
Specia
l-purp
ose v
s. G
enera
l-purp
ose
devic
es
Dire
ct v
s. In
dire
ct m
anip
ula
tion
R.W
. Lin
dem
an - W
PI D
ept. o
f Com
pute
r Scie
nce
7
More
on C
lassific
atio
ns
Rela
tive v
s. A
bsolu
te m
ovem
ent
Mouse v
s.T
able
t
Inte
gra
ted v
s. S
epara
ble
degre
es o
ffre
edom
Mouse h
as in
tegra
ted X
, Y c
ontro
lEtc
h-a
-sketc
h h
as s
epara
te X
, Y c
ontro
lM
otio
ns th
at a
re e
asy w
ith o
ne a
re h
ard
with
the
oth
er
Analo
g d
evic
es a
llow
more
sensitiv
ityFor e
xam
ple
, analo
g g
am
e c
ontro
llers
R.W
. Lin
dem
an - W
PI D
ept. o
f Com
pute
r Scie
nce
8
Isom
etric
vs. Is
oto
nic
Input
Devic
es (Z
hai)
No m
otio
n v
s. N
o re
sis
tance
Actu
ally
a c
ontin
uum
of e
lastic
ityTra
ckPoin
t (mostly
isom
etric
) vs. m
ouse
(mostly
isoto
nic
)
Many d
evic
es a
re re
-cente
ring (e.g.,
joystic
ks)
R.W
. Lin
dem
an - W
PI D
ept. o
f Com
pute
r Scie
nce
9
Rate
Contro
l vs.
Positio
n C
ontro
l (Zhai)
Mouse is
norm
ally
used fo
r positio
n c
ontro
l
Mouse s
cro
ll-wheel
Positio
n c
ontro
lClic
k-d
rag fo
r rate
contro
lled s
cro
lling
Tra
ckballs
typic
ally
use p
ositio
n c
ontro
l
Joystic
ks: C
ontro
l positio
n (c
ross-h
air), o
rContro
l velo
city
(airc
raft)
Rate
contro
l elim
inate
s n
eed fo
rclu
tchin
g/ra
tchetin
g
Iso
ton
ic-r
ate
co
ntr
ol a
nd
iso
metr
ic-p
ositio
nco
ntr
ol te
nd
to p
ro
du
ce p
oo
r p
erfo
rm
an
ce
(Zhai)
R.W
. Lin
dem
an - W
PI D
ept. o
f Com
pute
r Scie
nce
10
Specia
l-Purp
ose v
s. G
enera
l-Purp
ose In
put D
evic
es (B
uxto
n)
Gam
e c
ontro
llers
are
desig
ned to
support
many ty
pes o
f gam
es
Gam
e d
evelo
per d
ecid
es o
n m
appin
g
No "s
tandard
" mappin
gs ->
each g
am
ediffe
rent
Som
e s
pecia
l-purp
ose d
evic
es e
xis
tLig
ht g
uns
Ste
erin
g w
heels
RPG
keyboard
/joystic
k
Dru
m k
its, d
ance p
ads, b
ongos, etc.
R.W
. Lin
dem
an - W
PI D
ept. o
f Com
pute
r Scie
nce
11
Dire
ct v
s. In
dire
ct M
anip
ula
tion
Dire
ct
Clu
tch a
nd d
rag a
n ic
on w
ith m
ouse o
r sty
lus
Touch s
cre
ens, P
DAs u
se d
irect m
anip
ula
tion
Work
s w
ell fo
r thin
gs th
at h
ave a
physic
al a
nalo
g
Indire
ct
Use s
om
e w
idget to
indire
ctly
change s
om
eth
ing
Pro
ble
ms w
ith d
irect m
anip
ula
tion
Som
e th
ings d
o n
ot h
ave a
physic
al a
nalo
g
Pre
cis
ion m
ay b
e la
ckin
g
Sele
ctio
n/d
e-s
ele
ctio
n m
ay b
e m
essy
R.W
. Lin
dem
an - W
PI D
ept. o
f Com
pute
r Scie
nce
12
PHA
NT
OM
Om
niH
aptic Device
3D
Input D
evic
es
SpaceBall
SpaceMouse
HM
D w
ith3-D
OF tracker
Tracked Paddle for 2D
Interaction
CyberG
love II
R.W
. Lin
dem
an - W
PI D
ept. o
f Com
pute
r Scie
nce
13
Oth
er O
ptio
ns
Som
e a
ltern
ativ
es
Speech
Gestu
res: p
oin
ting to
fly
Devic
e a
ctio
ns (e.g., b
utto
ns, jo
ystic
ks)
Head/g
aze d
irecte
d
Hybrid
Speech a
nd g
estu
re (e.g., "P
ut th
at, th
ere
.")
R.W
. Lin
dem
an - W
PI D
ept. o
f Com
pute
r Scie
nce
14
Mappin
g D
evic
es to
Actio
ns
For e
ach (u
ser, ta
sk, e
nviro
nm
ent)
For th
e fo
ur b
asic
VR ta
sks
For e
ach d
evic
e D
OF
Choose a
mappin
g to
an a
ctio
n
We a
lso n
eed to
easily
sw
itch b
etw
een
actio
ns!
R.W
. Lin
dem
an - W
PI D
ept. o
f Com
pute
r Scie
nce
15
Pla
cin
g D
evic
es in
Conte
xt
… … …
Isoto
nic
Inte
gra
ted
Absolu
teG
love
Both
Genera
lPositio
nIs
oto
nic
Dig
ital
Inte
gra
ted
Rela
tive
Mouse
Dir/Ind
Spec/Gen
Rate/Pos
Isom/Isot
Dig/Ana
Int/Sep
Rel/Abs
Device
Table
?
R.W
. Lin
dem
an - W
PI D
ept. o
f Com
pute
r Scie
nce
16
Verific
atio
n a
nd C
om
paris
on
Fra
mew
ork
for u
ser s
tudie
s
Inte
restin
g to
fill in th
e e
mpty
spaces
Isoto
nic
positio
n c
ontro
l for ro
tatio
n?
Oth
er n
ovel c
om
bin
atio
ns?
Very
activ
e fie
ld rig
ht n
ow
ACM
CH
I, IEEE V
R, 1
st 3
DU
I Sym
posiu
mACM
SIG
GRAPH
R.W
. Lin
dem
an - W
PI D
ept. o
f Com
pute
r Scie
nce
17
More
Info
Shum
in Z
hai a
t IBM
Alm
aden
Bill B
uxto
n a
t U. o
f Toro
nto
(Alia
s|W
avefro
nt)
