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What does it mean to What does it mean to classify?classify?
……to sort or organize into to sort or organize into groups based on similar groups based on similar
characteristics or characteristics or properties…properties…
Examples of how we classify Examples of how we classify every day thingsevery day things
StarsStars
Books (Dewey Decimal System)Books (Dewey Decimal System)
Swahili nounsSwahili nouns
Musical instrumentsMusical instruments
Living thingsLiving things
What is MATTER?What is MATTER?
Anything that…Anything that…
has has MASSMASS
takes up takes up SPACESPACE
Properties of MatterProperties of MatterExamples of Examples of physical physical properties:properties: colorcolor shapeshape texturetexture hardnesshardness densitydensity solubilitysolubility ductilityductility malleabilitymalleability
Examples of Examples of chemical chemical properties:properties: combustibilitycombustibility flammabilityflammability reactivity to acidreactivity to acid tendency to rusttendency to rust
Homogeneous MatterHomogeneous Matterhomo = samehomo = same
geneous = kind, typegeneous = kind, type
identical properties throughoutidentical properties throughout
Homogeneous Homogeneous MatterMatter
Name 3 kinds of matter that Name 3 kinds of matter that have the same properties have the same properties
throughout.throughout.
Heterogeneous MatterHeterogeneous Matterhetero = differenthetero = different
geneous = kind, typegeneous = kind, type
parts have different propertiesparts have different properties
Heterogeneous Heterogeneous MatterMatter
Name 3 kinds of matter that Name 3 kinds of matter that have different properties have different properties
throughout.throughout.
PURE SUBSTANCESPURE SUBSTANCESMIXTURESMIXTURES
ELEMENTSELEMENTSCOMPOUNDSCOMPOUNDS
yet another way to classify matter
PURE SUBSTANCEPURE SUBSTANCEmade up of only one materialmade up of only one material
definite propertiesdefinite properties
uniform properties throughoutuniform properties throughout
Subcategories:Subcategories: elementselements compoundscompounds
ELEMENTS ELEMENTS simplest pure substancesimplest pure substance
cannot be changed into anything cannot be changed into anything simplersimpler
ATOM =ATOM = smallest particle of an elementsmallest particle of an element represented by chemical symbol represented by chemical symbol
(shorthand) (shorthand)
All elements are made up of atoms. Atoms of the same element are alike; atoms of
different elements are different.
Who said this?Who said this?
COMPOUNDSCOMPOUNDStwo or more elements two or more elements chemically combinedchemically combined
pure substances made pure substances made up of more than one up of more than one elementelement
combined in a definite combined in a definite ratioratio(has a formula)(has a formula)
COMPOUNDSCOMPOUNDS
can be broken down into simpler can be broken down into simpler substances (elements) ONLY by substances (elements) ONLY by chemical meanschemical means
properties of compound are very properties of compound are very different from properties of partsdifferent from properties of parts
EXAMPLEEXAMPLE
NaCl (salt)NaCl (salt)
Sodium (Na)Sodium (Na) silvery metalsilvery metal reacts explosively w/ waterreacts explosively w/ water
Chlorine (ClChlorine (Cl22)) poisonouspoisonous greenish gasgreenish gas
click above to see Na + Cl2 react
MIXTURESMIXTURES2 or more substances physically 2 or more substances physically mixed, but not chemically combinedmixed, but not chemically combined
can be separated by physical meanscan be separated by physical means
any combination of the phasesany combination of the phases
any ratio of partsany ratio of parts
parts have separate identityparts have separate identity
Types of MixturesTypes of MixturesSolutionSolution one substance is dissolved in anotherone substance is dissolved in another homogeneoushomogeneous
dissolving substance = SOLVENTdissolving substance = SOLVENT dissolved material = SOLUTEdissolved material = SOLUTE
Types of MixturesTypes of MixturesAlloysAlloys mixture of 2 metalsmixture of 2 metals usually homogeneoususually homogeneous
Examples:Examples: steel = iron + carbonsteel = iron + carbon brass = zinc + copperbrass = zinc + copper bronze = copper + tinbronze = copper + tin
Types of MixturesTypes of MixturesSuspensionSuspension a mixture which will separate when a mixture which will separate when
undisturbed (particles will settle out)undisturbed (particles will settle out) heterogeneousheterogeneous e.g. dust particles in air; sand in watere.g. dust particles in air; sand in water
ColloidColloid a mixture between a solution and a suspension a mixture between a solution and a suspension
(particles don’t settle out)(particles don’t settle out) heterogeneousheterogeneous e.g. fog and milke.g. fog and milk
Types of MixturesTypes of MixturesOther types:Other types: EmulsionEmulsion (e.g. mayo) (e.g. mayo) GelGel (e.g. jelly) (e.g. jelly)
Can you think of others?Can you think of others?