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Classification of MatterClassification of Matter
Chapter 15
Composition of Matter – Sec. 1Composition of Matter – Sec. 1 Pure Substances
– Same composition throughout– Either an element or compound
Element– All one type of atom– Everything made of atoms
Compound– Atoms of two or more elements chemically bonded
together
Composition of MatterComposition of MatterMixtures
– Made of two or more substances that can be easily separated by physical means
Heterogeneous Mixture– Different materials can be seen easily– Granite, concrete, vegetable soup
Homogeneous Mixture (Solution)– Blended evenly throughout– Vinegar, Kool-aid
MATTER
Can it be separated?
Mixtures Substance
Homogeneous Mixture
Air, sugar water, stainless stell
Heterogeneous Mixture
Granite, wood, blood
Compounds
Water, sodium chloride
Elements
Gold, aluminum
yes no
MixturesMixturesColloid ~ heterogeneous
– Particles larger than solution but not heavy enough to settle out
– Milk, paint, fog and smokeDetecting Colloids
– Pass a beam of light through it Colloid – See beam Solution – Cannot see beam
– Particles big enough to scatter light – Tyndall Effect
MixturesMixturesSuspension ~ heterogeneous
– Not solution, not colloid– Muddy pond water– Heterogeneous mixture with a liquid and
visible particles that settle
Properties of MatterProperties of Matter
Section 2
Physical PropertiesPhysical Properties
Def: characteristic observed without changing the identity of the material– Ex: color, shape, size, density
AppearanceBehavior
– Magnetic, malleable, flow of liquid
Separating MixturesSeparating Mixtures
Sand and Rock mixture?– Filter or sift
Iron filings and Aluminum mixture?– Magnet
Physical ChangePhysical Change
Change in size, shape or state of matter and identity is same– Solid to a liquid?– Yes
Solid Liquid Gas
Melt Evaporate
CondenseFreeze
Physical ChangePhysical Change
How to get pure water from salt water?– Distillation – evaporate liquid and then
recondense it
Chemical Properties and Chemical Properties and ChangesChanges
Chemical Property – can be observed only by changing the substance– Flammability, reactivity, decomposition
Chemical Change – change where a NEW substance is formed
Weathering – Physical or Chemical Change?– Both!
Law of Conservation of MassLaw of Conservation of Mass
Matter is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction
Mass of all substances before = mass of all substances after change