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Classification of MalocclusionDr Manar Alhajrasi
Why do we need to classifymalocclusion
bull ldquoClassification is the morphological description of the dental skeletal and soft tissue deviations from the normhelliprdquo
Morphological deviations from the norm can becompiled into a problem list which is essentialfor treatment planning
bull Whatrsquos going on herebull How would you describe this
Orientation Planes
bull First we need to establish planes of reference in order to communicate which dimension our problem lies
bull Sagittal Planebull Frontal Plane
Sagittal Plane
MEDIAN PLANEAn imaginary plane that passes longitudinallythrough the middle of thehead and divides it intoright and left halvesUsed to describe anterior-posteriorrelationships
Frontal Plane
VERTICLE PLANEbull An imaginary plane that passes longitudinally through the head perpendicular to thesagittal plane dividing the head into front and backbull 1048707 Used to describesuperior-inferior relationships
Transverse Plane
HORIZONTAL PLANEbull 1048707 An imaginary planethat passes through thehead at right angles tothe sagittal and frontalplanes dividing the headinto upper and lowerhalves1048707 Used to describeright to left relationships
Soft Tissue Relationships
bull BRACHYCEPHALIC describes an individual with a larger than average cranial width and usually presents with a broad square head shape and low mandibular plane angle
bull BRACHYFACIAL is an individual characterized by a broad square face with a strong chin flat lip posture low mandibular plane angle and a straight profile
Soft Tissue Relationshipsbull DOLICOCEPHALIC describes an individual that
has a narrower cranial width and usually presents with a long narrow shape and high mandibular plane angle
bull DOLICOFACIAL is an individual that has a long narrow face with a high mandibular plane angle convex profile poor chin development and an anterior-posterior face height imbalance
Soft Tissue Relationships
bull MESOCEPHALIC describes an individual that falls between the brachycephalic and dolicocephalic types and has an average cranial width
bull MESOFACIAL is an individual who has well balanced facial features
Frontal Facial View
bull A reduction of proportion between the left and right sides of the face Often associated with syndromes which can complicate treatment
Facial Midline
bull A line drawn perpendicular to theInter-pupillary line from glabella to the tip of the nose passing through the philtrum of the upper lip and the midline of the chin
Dental Midline
bull Maxillary Dental Midline A line drawn perpendicular to the maxillary occlusal plane through the proximal contacts of the central incisorsbull Mandibular Dental MidlineA line drawn perpendicular to themandibular occlusal planethrough the proximal contactsof the central incisors
bull Lip Line1048707 The amount of tooth andor gingival tissue that is exposed atrestbull Smile Line1048707 The amount of tooth andor Gingival tissue exposed uponsmiling
bull Lip Incompetence1048707 The inability of thepatient to have the lipscontacting in the restposition without showing muscle strain
Profile Facial Viewbull Profile Facial ViewThe profile facial view is use to evaluatethe nose chin lips and facial convexity There are three profile typesbull Straightbull Convexbull Concave
Convex ProfileStraight Profile Concave Profile
Dental Relationships
bull Terms to Considerbull Arch form= Shape of the individual dental archesbull Crowding= Dental misalignment caused by
inadequate space for the teethbull Diastema=A space between two or more teethin the dental archbull Supernumerary teeth= Extra teeth thatusually erupt ectopicallybull Anodontia= Congenitally missing teeth
Supernumerary teeth
1- Sagittal Dental Relationshipsbull Angle Classificationbull In 1890 Edward H Angle published the firstclassification of malocclusionbull The classifications are based on therelationship of the mesiobuccal cusp of themaxillary first molar and the buccal grooveof the mandibular first molarbull If this molar relationship exists then the teethcan align into normal occlusion
bull Normal Occlusionbull The mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first
molar is aligned with the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar There is alignment of the teeth normal overbite and overjet and coincident maxillary and mandibular midlines
2- Transverse Dental Relationshipsbull Posterior Crossbites A Posterior Crossbite is present when
posterior teeth occlude in an abnormal buccolingual relation with the antagonistic teeth
1048707 Posterior Crossbites can be the result of either malposition of a tooth or teeth andor the skeleton1048707 Examining the transverse dimension allows us to evaluate the intermolar and intercanine widths and determine which arch is the offending unit1048707 Posterior crossbites can be unilateral or bilateral1048707 A Functional Crossbite results from an occlusal interference that requires the mandible to shift either anteriorly andor laterally in order to achieve maximum occlusion
Posterior Crossbite
3- Vertical Dental Relationships
Skeletal Pattern
bull Cephalometric AnalysisUsed to evaluate the relationships between theteeth soft tissue and the skeletonbull The Lateral Cephalometric Radiographgives the orthodontist a sagittal view of theskeletal dental and soft tissues An analysis canthen be performed by tracing or digitizing theradiograph and making the appropriatemeasurements
Skeletal Patterns
bull Cephalometric analysis reveal to the orthodontistthe skeletal component of the patientrsquos malocclusionWe can classify patients as a bull Class I Skeletal Patternbull Class II Skeletal Patternbull Class III Skeletal Patternbull These patterns often correspond with the AngleClassification but not necessarily all the timeUnderstanding the skeletal pattern is essential forchoosing the proper treatment mechanics
bull Hyperdivergent Skeletal Pattern A skeletal pattern that deviates from the norm inthat there is an excessive divergence of the skeletal planes (determined byThe analysis used) Characterized by a steep mandibular plane angle along anterior lower faceheight with open bite tendency lip incompetence and often associated withClass II malocclusion
bull Hypodivergent Skeletal Pattern1048707 A skeletal pattern in which the skeletal planesare more parallel to each otherbull Characterized by a lowmandibular plane angleshort lower facial heightand is often associatedwith Class II Division 2malocclusions
Prognathism bull Prognathism is a skeletal protrusionbull Bimaxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) ispresent when both jaws protrude forward of thenormal facial limitsbull Maxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) is presentwhen the maxilla protrudes forward of the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Prognathism (Protrusion) is whenthe mandible protrudes forward of the normallimits of the face
Retrognathism
bull Retrognathism is a skeletal retrusionbull Bimaxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when both jaws are posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Maxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the maxilla is posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the mandible is posterior to thenormal limits of the face
Dentoalveolar Protrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior
teeth are positioned forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior teeth of both jaws are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the maxillary anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the mandibular anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
Dentoalveolar Retrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Retrusion is present when theanterior teeth are posterior to the normal limits ofthe basal bonebull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of both jaws areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion is presentwhen the anterior teeth of the maxilla are posteriorto the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of the mandible areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bone
THANK YOU
Why do we need to classifymalocclusion
bull ldquoClassification is the morphological description of the dental skeletal and soft tissue deviations from the normhelliprdquo
Morphological deviations from the norm can becompiled into a problem list which is essentialfor treatment planning
bull Whatrsquos going on herebull How would you describe this
Orientation Planes
bull First we need to establish planes of reference in order to communicate which dimension our problem lies
bull Sagittal Planebull Frontal Plane
Sagittal Plane
MEDIAN PLANEAn imaginary plane that passes longitudinallythrough the middle of thehead and divides it intoright and left halvesUsed to describe anterior-posteriorrelationships
Frontal Plane
VERTICLE PLANEbull An imaginary plane that passes longitudinally through the head perpendicular to thesagittal plane dividing the head into front and backbull 1048707 Used to describesuperior-inferior relationships
Transverse Plane
HORIZONTAL PLANEbull 1048707 An imaginary planethat passes through thehead at right angles tothe sagittal and frontalplanes dividing the headinto upper and lowerhalves1048707 Used to describeright to left relationships
Soft Tissue Relationships
bull BRACHYCEPHALIC describes an individual with a larger than average cranial width and usually presents with a broad square head shape and low mandibular plane angle
bull BRACHYFACIAL is an individual characterized by a broad square face with a strong chin flat lip posture low mandibular plane angle and a straight profile
Soft Tissue Relationshipsbull DOLICOCEPHALIC describes an individual that
has a narrower cranial width and usually presents with a long narrow shape and high mandibular plane angle
bull DOLICOFACIAL is an individual that has a long narrow face with a high mandibular plane angle convex profile poor chin development and an anterior-posterior face height imbalance
Soft Tissue Relationships
bull MESOCEPHALIC describes an individual that falls between the brachycephalic and dolicocephalic types and has an average cranial width
bull MESOFACIAL is an individual who has well balanced facial features
Frontal Facial View
bull A reduction of proportion between the left and right sides of the face Often associated with syndromes which can complicate treatment
Facial Midline
bull A line drawn perpendicular to theInter-pupillary line from glabella to the tip of the nose passing through the philtrum of the upper lip and the midline of the chin
Dental Midline
bull Maxillary Dental Midline A line drawn perpendicular to the maxillary occlusal plane through the proximal contacts of the central incisorsbull Mandibular Dental MidlineA line drawn perpendicular to themandibular occlusal planethrough the proximal contactsof the central incisors
bull Lip Line1048707 The amount of tooth andor gingival tissue that is exposed atrestbull Smile Line1048707 The amount of tooth andor Gingival tissue exposed uponsmiling
bull Lip Incompetence1048707 The inability of thepatient to have the lipscontacting in the restposition without showing muscle strain
Profile Facial Viewbull Profile Facial ViewThe profile facial view is use to evaluatethe nose chin lips and facial convexity There are three profile typesbull Straightbull Convexbull Concave
Convex ProfileStraight Profile Concave Profile
Dental Relationships
bull Terms to Considerbull Arch form= Shape of the individual dental archesbull Crowding= Dental misalignment caused by
inadequate space for the teethbull Diastema=A space between two or more teethin the dental archbull Supernumerary teeth= Extra teeth thatusually erupt ectopicallybull Anodontia= Congenitally missing teeth
Supernumerary teeth
1- Sagittal Dental Relationshipsbull Angle Classificationbull In 1890 Edward H Angle published the firstclassification of malocclusionbull The classifications are based on therelationship of the mesiobuccal cusp of themaxillary first molar and the buccal grooveof the mandibular first molarbull If this molar relationship exists then the teethcan align into normal occlusion
bull Normal Occlusionbull The mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first
molar is aligned with the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar There is alignment of the teeth normal overbite and overjet and coincident maxillary and mandibular midlines
2- Transverse Dental Relationshipsbull Posterior Crossbites A Posterior Crossbite is present when
posterior teeth occlude in an abnormal buccolingual relation with the antagonistic teeth
1048707 Posterior Crossbites can be the result of either malposition of a tooth or teeth andor the skeleton1048707 Examining the transverse dimension allows us to evaluate the intermolar and intercanine widths and determine which arch is the offending unit1048707 Posterior crossbites can be unilateral or bilateral1048707 A Functional Crossbite results from an occlusal interference that requires the mandible to shift either anteriorly andor laterally in order to achieve maximum occlusion
Posterior Crossbite
3- Vertical Dental Relationships
Skeletal Pattern
bull Cephalometric AnalysisUsed to evaluate the relationships between theteeth soft tissue and the skeletonbull The Lateral Cephalometric Radiographgives the orthodontist a sagittal view of theskeletal dental and soft tissues An analysis canthen be performed by tracing or digitizing theradiograph and making the appropriatemeasurements
Skeletal Patterns
bull Cephalometric analysis reveal to the orthodontistthe skeletal component of the patientrsquos malocclusionWe can classify patients as a bull Class I Skeletal Patternbull Class II Skeletal Patternbull Class III Skeletal Patternbull These patterns often correspond with the AngleClassification but not necessarily all the timeUnderstanding the skeletal pattern is essential forchoosing the proper treatment mechanics
bull Hyperdivergent Skeletal Pattern A skeletal pattern that deviates from the norm inthat there is an excessive divergence of the skeletal planes (determined byThe analysis used) Characterized by a steep mandibular plane angle along anterior lower faceheight with open bite tendency lip incompetence and often associated withClass II malocclusion
bull Hypodivergent Skeletal Pattern1048707 A skeletal pattern in which the skeletal planesare more parallel to each otherbull Characterized by a lowmandibular plane angleshort lower facial heightand is often associatedwith Class II Division 2malocclusions
Prognathism bull Prognathism is a skeletal protrusionbull Bimaxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) ispresent when both jaws protrude forward of thenormal facial limitsbull Maxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) is presentwhen the maxilla protrudes forward of the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Prognathism (Protrusion) is whenthe mandible protrudes forward of the normallimits of the face
Retrognathism
bull Retrognathism is a skeletal retrusionbull Bimaxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when both jaws are posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Maxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the maxilla is posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the mandible is posterior to thenormal limits of the face
Dentoalveolar Protrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior
teeth are positioned forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior teeth of both jaws are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the maxillary anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the mandibular anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
Dentoalveolar Retrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Retrusion is present when theanterior teeth are posterior to the normal limits ofthe basal bonebull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of both jaws areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion is presentwhen the anterior teeth of the maxilla are posteriorto the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of the mandible areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bone
THANK YOU
bull Whatrsquos going on herebull How would you describe this
Orientation Planes
bull First we need to establish planes of reference in order to communicate which dimension our problem lies
bull Sagittal Planebull Frontal Plane
Sagittal Plane
MEDIAN PLANEAn imaginary plane that passes longitudinallythrough the middle of thehead and divides it intoright and left halvesUsed to describe anterior-posteriorrelationships
Frontal Plane
VERTICLE PLANEbull An imaginary plane that passes longitudinally through the head perpendicular to thesagittal plane dividing the head into front and backbull 1048707 Used to describesuperior-inferior relationships
Transverse Plane
HORIZONTAL PLANEbull 1048707 An imaginary planethat passes through thehead at right angles tothe sagittal and frontalplanes dividing the headinto upper and lowerhalves1048707 Used to describeright to left relationships
Soft Tissue Relationships
bull BRACHYCEPHALIC describes an individual with a larger than average cranial width and usually presents with a broad square head shape and low mandibular plane angle
bull BRACHYFACIAL is an individual characterized by a broad square face with a strong chin flat lip posture low mandibular plane angle and a straight profile
Soft Tissue Relationshipsbull DOLICOCEPHALIC describes an individual that
has a narrower cranial width and usually presents with a long narrow shape and high mandibular plane angle
bull DOLICOFACIAL is an individual that has a long narrow face with a high mandibular plane angle convex profile poor chin development and an anterior-posterior face height imbalance
Soft Tissue Relationships
bull MESOCEPHALIC describes an individual that falls between the brachycephalic and dolicocephalic types and has an average cranial width
bull MESOFACIAL is an individual who has well balanced facial features
Frontal Facial View
bull A reduction of proportion between the left and right sides of the face Often associated with syndromes which can complicate treatment
Facial Midline
bull A line drawn perpendicular to theInter-pupillary line from glabella to the tip of the nose passing through the philtrum of the upper lip and the midline of the chin
Dental Midline
bull Maxillary Dental Midline A line drawn perpendicular to the maxillary occlusal plane through the proximal contacts of the central incisorsbull Mandibular Dental MidlineA line drawn perpendicular to themandibular occlusal planethrough the proximal contactsof the central incisors
bull Lip Line1048707 The amount of tooth andor gingival tissue that is exposed atrestbull Smile Line1048707 The amount of tooth andor Gingival tissue exposed uponsmiling
bull Lip Incompetence1048707 The inability of thepatient to have the lipscontacting in the restposition without showing muscle strain
Profile Facial Viewbull Profile Facial ViewThe profile facial view is use to evaluatethe nose chin lips and facial convexity There are three profile typesbull Straightbull Convexbull Concave
Convex ProfileStraight Profile Concave Profile
Dental Relationships
bull Terms to Considerbull Arch form= Shape of the individual dental archesbull Crowding= Dental misalignment caused by
inadequate space for the teethbull Diastema=A space between two or more teethin the dental archbull Supernumerary teeth= Extra teeth thatusually erupt ectopicallybull Anodontia= Congenitally missing teeth
Supernumerary teeth
1- Sagittal Dental Relationshipsbull Angle Classificationbull In 1890 Edward H Angle published the firstclassification of malocclusionbull The classifications are based on therelationship of the mesiobuccal cusp of themaxillary first molar and the buccal grooveof the mandibular first molarbull If this molar relationship exists then the teethcan align into normal occlusion
bull Normal Occlusionbull The mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first
molar is aligned with the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar There is alignment of the teeth normal overbite and overjet and coincident maxillary and mandibular midlines
2- Transverse Dental Relationshipsbull Posterior Crossbites A Posterior Crossbite is present when
posterior teeth occlude in an abnormal buccolingual relation with the antagonistic teeth
1048707 Posterior Crossbites can be the result of either malposition of a tooth or teeth andor the skeleton1048707 Examining the transverse dimension allows us to evaluate the intermolar and intercanine widths and determine which arch is the offending unit1048707 Posterior crossbites can be unilateral or bilateral1048707 A Functional Crossbite results from an occlusal interference that requires the mandible to shift either anteriorly andor laterally in order to achieve maximum occlusion
Posterior Crossbite
3- Vertical Dental Relationships
Skeletal Pattern
bull Cephalometric AnalysisUsed to evaluate the relationships between theteeth soft tissue and the skeletonbull The Lateral Cephalometric Radiographgives the orthodontist a sagittal view of theskeletal dental and soft tissues An analysis canthen be performed by tracing or digitizing theradiograph and making the appropriatemeasurements
Skeletal Patterns
bull Cephalometric analysis reveal to the orthodontistthe skeletal component of the patientrsquos malocclusionWe can classify patients as a bull Class I Skeletal Patternbull Class II Skeletal Patternbull Class III Skeletal Patternbull These patterns often correspond with the AngleClassification but not necessarily all the timeUnderstanding the skeletal pattern is essential forchoosing the proper treatment mechanics
bull Hyperdivergent Skeletal Pattern A skeletal pattern that deviates from the norm inthat there is an excessive divergence of the skeletal planes (determined byThe analysis used) Characterized by a steep mandibular plane angle along anterior lower faceheight with open bite tendency lip incompetence and often associated withClass II malocclusion
bull Hypodivergent Skeletal Pattern1048707 A skeletal pattern in which the skeletal planesare more parallel to each otherbull Characterized by a lowmandibular plane angleshort lower facial heightand is often associatedwith Class II Division 2malocclusions
Prognathism bull Prognathism is a skeletal protrusionbull Bimaxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) ispresent when both jaws protrude forward of thenormal facial limitsbull Maxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) is presentwhen the maxilla protrudes forward of the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Prognathism (Protrusion) is whenthe mandible protrudes forward of the normallimits of the face
Retrognathism
bull Retrognathism is a skeletal retrusionbull Bimaxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when both jaws are posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Maxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the maxilla is posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the mandible is posterior to thenormal limits of the face
Dentoalveolar Protrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior
teeth are positioned forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior teeth of both jaws are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the maxillary anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the mandibular anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
Dentoalveolar Retrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Retrusion is present when theanterior teeth are posterior to the normal limits ofthe basal bonebull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of both jaws areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion is presentwhen the anterior teeth of the maxilla are posteriorto the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of the mandible areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bone
THANK YOU
Orientation Planes
bull First we need to establish planes of reference in order to communicate which dimension our problem lies
bull Sagittal Planebull Frontal Plane
Sagittal Plane
MEDIAN PLANEAn imaginary plane that passes longitudinallythrough the middle of thehead and divides it intoright and left halvesUsed to describe anterior-posteriorrelationships
Frontal Plane
VERTICLE PLANEbull An imaginary plane that passes longitudinally through the head perpendicular to thesagittal plane dividing the head into front and backbull 1048707 Used to describesuperior-inferior relationships
Transverse Plane
HORIZONTAL PLANEbull 1048707 An imaginary planethat passes through thehead at right angles tothe sagittal and frontalplanes dividing the headinto upper and lowerhalves1048707 Used to describeright to left relationships
Soft Tissue Relationships
bull BRACHYCEPHALIC describes an individual with a larger than average cranial width and usually presents with a broad square head shape and low mandibular plane angle
bull BRACHYFACIAL is an individual characterized by a broad square face with a strong chin flat lip posture low mandibular plane angle and a straight profile
Soft Tissue Relationshipsbull DOLICOCEPHALIC describes an individual that
has a narrower cranial width and usually presents with a long narrow shape and high mandibular plane angle
bull DOLICOFACIAL is an individual that has a long narrow face with a high mandibular plane angle convex profile poor chin development and an anterior-posterior face height imbalance
Soft Tissue Relationships
bull MESOCEPHALIC describes an individual that falls between the brachycephalic and dolicocephalic types and has an average cranial width
bull MESOFACIAL is an individual who has well balanced facial features
Frontal Facial View
bull A reduction of proportion between the left and right sides of the face Often associated with syndromes which can complicate treatment
Facial Midline
bull A line drawn perpendicular to theInter-pupillary line from glabella to the tip of the nose passing through the philtrum of the upper lip and the midline of the chin
Dental Midline
bull Maxillary Dental Midline A line drawn perpendicular to the maxillary occlusal plane through the proximal contacts of the central incisorsbull Mandibular Dental MidlineA line drawn perpendicular to themandibular occlusal planethrough the proximal contactsof the central incisors
bull Lip Line1048707 The amount of tooth andor gingival tissue that is exposed atrestbull Smile Line1048707 The amount of tooth andor Gingival tissue exposed uponsmiling
bull Lip Incompetence1048707 The inability of thepatient to have the lipscontacting in the restposition without showing muscle strain
Profile Facial Viewbull Profile Facial ViewThe profile facial view is use to evaluatethe nose chin lips and facial convexity There are three profile typesbull Straightbull Convexbull Concave
Convex ProfileStraight Profile Concave Profile
Dental Relationships
bull Terms to Considerbull Arch form= Shape of the individual dental archesbull Crowding= Dental misalignment caused by
inadequate space for the teethbull Diastema=A space between two or more teethin the dental archbull Supernumerary teeth= Extra teeth thatusually erupt ectopicallybull Anodontia= Congenitally missing teeth
Supernumerary teeth
1- Sagittal Dental Relationshipsbull Angle Classificationbull In 1890 Edward H Angle published the firstclassification of malocclusionbull The classifications are based on therelationship of the mesiobuccal cusp of themaxillary first molar and the buccal grooveof the mandibular first molarbull If this molar relationship exists then the teethcan align into normal occlusion
bull Normal Occlusionbull The mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first
molar is aligned with the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar There is alignment of the teeth normal overbite and overjet and coincident maxillary and mandibular midlines
2- Transverse Dental Relationshipsbull Posterior Crossbites A Posterior Crossbite is present when
posterior teeth occlude in an abnormal buccolingual relation with the antagonistic teeth
1048707 Posterior Crossbites can be the result of either malposition of a tooth or teeth andor the skeleton1048707 Examining the transverse dimension allows us to evaluate the intermolar and intercanine widths and determine which arch is the offending unit1048707 Posterior crossbites can be unilateral or bilateral1048707 A Functional Crossbite results from an occlusal interference that requires the mandible to shift either anteriorly andor laterally in order to achieve maximum occlusion
Posterior Crossbite
3- Vertical Dental Relationships
Skeletal Pattern
bull Cephalometric AnalysisUsed to evaluate the relationships between theteeth soft tissue and the skeletonbull The Lateral Cephalometric Radiographgives the orthodontist a sagittal view of theskeletal dental and soft tissues An analysis canthen be performed by tracing or digitizing theradiograph and making the appropriatemeasurements
Skeletal Patterns
bull Cephalometric analysis reveal to the orthodontistthe skeletal component of the patientrsquos malocclusionWe can classify patients as a bull Class I Skeletal Patternbull Class II Skeletal Patternbull Class III Skeletal Patternbull These patterns often correspond with the AngleClassification but not necessarily all the timeUnderstanding the skeletal pattern is essential forchoosing the proper treatment mechanics
bull Hyperdivergent Skeletal Pattern A skeletal pattern that deviates from the norm inthat there is an excessive divergence of the skeletal planes (determined byThe analysis used) Characterized by a steep mandibular plane angle along anterior lower faceheight with open bite tendency lip incompetence and often associated withClass II malocclusion
bull Hypodivergent Skeletal Pattern1048707 A skeletal pattern in which the skeletal planesare more parallel to each otherbull Characterized by a lowmandibular plane angleshort lower facial heightand is often associatedwith Class II Division 2malocclusions
Prognathism bull Prognathism is a skeletal protrusionbull Bimaxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) ispresent when both jaws protrude forward of thenormal facial limitsbull Maxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) is presentwhen the maxilla protrudes forward of the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Prognathism (Protrusion) is whenthe mandible protrudes forward of the normallimits of the face
Retrognathism
bull Retrognathism is a skeletal retrusionbull Bimaxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when both jaws are posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Maxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the maxilla is posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the mandible is posterior to thenormal limits of the face
Dentoalveolar Protrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior
teeth are positioned forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior teeth of both jaws are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the maxillary anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the mandibular anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
Dentoalveolar Retrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Retrusion is present when theanterior teeth are posterior to the normal limits ofthe basal bonebull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of both jaws areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion is presentwhen the anterior teeth of the maxilla are posteriorto the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of the mandible areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bone
THANK YOU
Sagittal Plane
MEDIAN PLANEAn imaginary plane that passes longitudinallythrough the middle of thehead and divides it intoright and left halvesUsed to describe anterior-posteriorrelationships
Frontal Plane
VERTICLE PLANEbull An imaginary plane that passes longitudinally through the head perpendicular to thesagittal plane dividing the head into front and backbull 1048707 Used to describesuperior-inferior relationships
Transverse Plane
HORIZONTAL PLANEbull 1048707 An imaginary planethat passes through thehead at right angles tothe sagittal and frontalplanes dividing the headinto upper and lowerhalves1048707 Used to describeright to left relationships
Soft Tissue Relationships
bull BRACHYCEPHALIC describes an individual with a larger than average cranial width and usually presents with a broad square head shape and low mandibular plane angle
bull BRACHYFACIAL is an individual characterized by a broad square face with a strong chin flat lip posture low mandibular plane angle and a straight profile
Soft Tissue Relationshipsbull DOLICOCEPHALIC describes an individual that
has a narrower cranial width and usually presents with a long narrow shape and high mandibular plane angle
bull DOLICOFACIAL is an individual that has a long narrow face with a high mandibular plane angle convex profile poor chin development and an anterior-posterior face height imbalance
Soft Tissue Relationships
bull MESOCEPHALIC describes an individual that falls between the brachycephalic and dolicocephalic types and has an average cranial width
bull MESOFACIAL is an individual who has well balanced facial features
Frontal Facial View
bull A reduction of proportion between the left and right sides of the face Often associated with syndromes which can complicate treatment
Facial Midline
bull A line drawn perpendicular to theInter-pupillary line from glabella to the tip of the nose passing through the philtrum of the upper lip and the midline of the chin
Dental Midline
bull Maxillary Dental Midline A line drawn perpendicular to the maxillary occlusal plane through the proximal contacts of the central incisorsbull Mandibular Dental MidlineA line drawn perpendicular to themandibular occlusal planethrough the proximal contactsof the central incisors
bull Lip Line1048707 The amount of tooth andor gingival tissue that is exposed atrestbull Smile Line1048707 The amount of tooth andor Gingival tissue exposed uponsmiling
bull Lip Incompetence1048707 The inability of thepatient to have the lipscontacting in the restposition without showing muscle strain
Profile Facial Viewbull Profile Facial ViewThe profile facial view is use to evaluatethe nose chin lips and facial convexity There are three profile typesbull Straightbull Convexbull Concave
Convex ProfileStraight Profile Concave Profile
Dental Relationships
bull Terms to Considerbull Arch form= Shape of the individual dental archesbull Crowding= Dental misalignment caused by
inadequate space for the teethbull Diastema=A space between two or more teethin the dental archbull Supernumerary teeth= Extra teeth thatusually erupt ectopicallybull Anodontia= Congenitally missing teeth
Supernumerary teeth
1- Sagittal Dental Relationshipsbull Angle Classificationbull In 1890 Edward H Angle published the firstclassification of malocclusionbull The classifications are based on therelationship of the mesiobuccal cusp of themaxillary first molar and the buccal grooveof the mandibular first molarbull If this molar relationship exists then the teethcan align into normal occlusion
bull Normal Occlusionbull The mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first
molar is aligned with the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar There is alignment of the teeth normal overbite and overjet and coincident maxillary and mandibular midlines
2- Transverse Dental Relationshipsbull Posterior Crossbites A Posterior Crossbite is present when
posterior teeth occlude in an abnormal buccolingual relation with the antagonistic teeth
1048707 Posterior Crossbites can be the result of either malposition of a tooth or teeth andor the skeleton1048707 Examining the transverse dimension allows us to evaluate the intermolar and intercanine widths and determine which arch is the offending unit1048707 Posterior crossbites can be unilateral or bilateral1048707 A Functional Crossbite results from an occlusal interference that requires the mandible to shift either anteriorly andor laterally in order to achieve maximum occlusion
Posterior Crossbite
3- Vertical Dental Relationships
Skeletal Pattern
bull Cephalometric AnalysisUsed to evaluate the relationships between theteeth soft tissue and the skeletonbull The Lateral Cephalometric Radiographgives the orthodontist a sagittal view of theskeletal dental and soft tissues An analysis canthen be performed by tracing or digitizing theradiograph and making the appropriatemeasurements
Skeletal Patterns
bull Cephalometric analysis reveal to the orthodontistthe skeletal component of the patientrsquos malocclusionWe can classify patients as a bull Class I Skeletal Patternbull Class II Skeletal Patternbull Class III Skeletal Patternbull These patterns often correspond with the AngleClassification but not necessarily all the timeUnderstanding the skeletal pattern is essential forchoosing the proper treatment mechanics
bull Hyperdivergent Skeletal Pattern A skeletal pattern that deviates from the norm inthat there is an excessive divergence of the skeletal planes (determined byThe analysis used) Characterized by a steep mandibular plane angle along anterior lower faceheight with open bite tendency lip incompetence and often associated withClass II malocclusion
bull Hypodivergent Skeletal Pattern1048707 A skeletal pattern in which the skeletal planesare more parallel to each otherbull Characterized by a lowmandibular plane angleshort lower facial heightand is often associatedwith Class II Division 2malocclusions
Prognathism bull Prognathism is a skeletal protrusionbull Bimaxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) ispresent when both jaws protrude forward of thenormal facial limitsbull Maxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) is presentwhen the maxilla protrudes forward of the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Prognathism (Protrusion) is whenthe mandible protrudes forward of the normallimits of the face
Retrognathism
bull Retrognathism is a skeletal retrusionbull Bimaxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when both jaws are posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Maxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the maxilla is posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the mandible is posterior to thenormal limits of the face
Dentoalveolar Protrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior
teeth are positioned forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior teeth of both jaws are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the maxillary anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the mandibular anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
Dentoalveolar Retrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Retrusion is present when theanterior teeth are posterior to the normal limits ofthe basal bonebull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of both jaws areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion is presentwhen the anterior teeth of the maxilla are posteriorto the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of the mandible areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bone
THANK YOU
Frontal Plane
VERTICLE PLANEbull An imaginary plane that passes longitudinally through the head perpendicular to thesagittal plane dividing the head into front and backbull 1048707 Used to describesuperior-inferior relationships
Transverse Plane
HORIZONTAL PLANEbull 1048707 An imaginary planethat passes through thehead at right angles tothe sagittal and frontalplanes dividing the headinto upper and lowerhalves1048707 Used to describeright to left relationships
Soft Tissue Relationships
bull BRACHYCEPHALIC describes an individual with a larger than average cranial width and usually presents with a broad square head shape and low mandibular plane angle
bull BRACHYFACIAL is an individual characterized by a broad square face with a strong chin flat lip posture low mandibular plane angle and a straight profile
Soft Tissue Relationshipsbull DOLICOCEPHALIC describes an individual that
has a narrower cranial width and usually presents with a long narrow shape and high mandibular plane angle
bull DOLICOFACIAL is an individual that has a long narrow face with a high mandibular plane angle convex profile poor chin development and an anterior-posterior face height imbalance
Soft Tissue Relationships
bull MESOCEPHALIC describes an individual that falls between the brachycephalic and dolicocephalic types and has an average cranial width
bull MESOFACIAL is an individual who has well balanced facial features
Frontal Facial View
bull A reduction of proportion between the left and right sides of the face Often associated with syndromes which can complicate treatment
Facial Midline
bull A line drawn perpendicular to theInter-pupillary line from glabella to the tip of the nose passing through the philtrum of the upper lip and the midline of the chin
Dental Midline
bull Maxillary Dental Midline A line drawn perpendicular to the maxillary occlusal plane through the proximal contacts of the central incisorsbull Mandibular Dental MidlineA line drawn perpendicular to themandibular occlusal planethrough the proximal contactsof the central incisors
bull Lip Line1048707 The amount of tooth andor gingival tissue that is exposed atrestbull Smile Line1048707 The amount of tooth andor Gingival tissue exposed uponsmiling
bull Lip Incompetence1048707 The inability of thepatient to have the lipscontacting in the restposition without showing muscle strain
Profile Facial Viewbull Profile Facial ViewThe profile facial view is use to evaluatethe nose chin lips and facial convexity There are three profile typesbull Straightbull Convexbull Concave
Convex ProfileStraight Profile Concave Profile
Dental Relationships
bull Terms to Considerbull Arch form= Shape of the individual dental archesbull Crowding= Dental misalignment caused by
inadequate space for the teethbull Diastema=A space between two or more teethin the dental archbull Supernumerary teeth= Extra teeth thatusually erupt ectopicallybull Anodontia= Congenitally missing teeth
Supernumerary teeth
1- Sagittal Dental Relationshipsbull Angle Classificationbull In 1890 Edward H Angle published the firstclassification of malocclusionbull The classifications are based on therelationship of the mesiobuccal cusp of themaxillary first molar and the buccal grooveof the mandibular first molarbull If this molar relationship exists then the teethcan align into normal occlusion
bull Normal Occlusionbull The mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first
molar is aligned with the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar There is alignment of the teeth normal overbite and overjet and coincident maxillary and mandibular midlines
2- Transverse Dental Relationshipsbull Posterior Crossbites A Posterior Crossbite is present when
posterior teeth occlude in an abnormal buccolingual relation with the antagonistic teeth
1048707 Posterior Crossbites can be the result of either malposition of a tooth or teeth andor the skeleton1048707 Examining the transverse dimension allows us to evaluate the intermolar and intercanine widths and determine which arch is the offending unit1048707 Posterior crossbites can be unilateral or bilateral1048707 A Functional Crossbite results from an occlusal interference that requires the mandible to shift either anteriorly andor laterally in order to achieve maximum occlusion
Posterior Crossbite
3- Vertical Dental Relationships
Skeletal Pattern
bull Cephalometric AnalysisUsed to evaluate the relationships between theteeth soft tissue and the skeletonbull The Lateral Cephalometric Radiographgives the orthodontist a sagittal view of theskeletal dental and soft tissues An analysis canthen be performed by tracing or digitizing theradiograph and making the appropriatemeasurements
Skeletal Patterns
bull Cephalometric analysis reveal to the orthodontistthe skeletal component of the patientrsquos malocclusionWe can classify patients as a bull Class I Skeletal Patternbull Class II Skeletal Patternbull Class III Skeletal Patternbull These patterns often correspond with the AngleClassification but not necessarily all the timeUnderstanding the skeletal pattern is essential forchoosing the proper treatment mechanics
bull Hyperdivergent Skeletal Pattern A skeletal pattern that deviates from the norm inthat there is an excessive divergence of the skeletal planes (determined byThe analysis used) Characterized by a steep mandibular plane angle along anterior lower faceheight with open bite tendency lip incompetence and often associated withClass II malocclusion
bull Hypodivergent Skeletal Pattern1048707 A skeletal pattern in which the skeletal planesare more parallel to each otherbull Characterized by a lowmandibular plane angleshort lower facial heightand is often associatedwith Class II Division 2malocclusions
Prognathism bull Prognathism is a skeletal protrusionbull Bimaxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) ispresent when both jaws protrude forward of thenormal facial limitsbull Maxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) is presentwhen the maxilla protrudes forward of the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Prognathism (Protrusion) is whenthe mandible protrudes forward of the normallimits of the face
Retrognathism
bull Retrognathism is a skeletal retrusionbull Bimaxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when both jaws are posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Maxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the maxilla is posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the mandible is posterior to thenormal limits of the face
Dentoalveolar Protrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior
teeth are positioned forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior teeth of both jaws are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the maxillary anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the mandibular anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
Dentoalveolar Retrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Retrusion is present when theanterior teeth are posterior to the normal limits ofthe basal bonebull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of both jaws areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion is presentwhen the anterior teeth of the maxilla are posteriorto the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of the mandible areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bone
THANK YOU
Transverse Plane
HORIZONTAL PLANEbull 1048707 An imaginary planethat passes through thehead at right angles tothe sagittal and frontalplanes dividing the headinto upper and lowerhalves1048707 Used to describeright to left relationships
Soft Tissue Relationships
bull BRACHYCEPHALIC describes an individual with a larger than average cranial width and usually presents with a broad square head shape and low mandibular plane angle
bull BRACHYFACIAL is an individual characterized by a broad square face with a strong chin flat lip posture low mandibular plane angle and a straight profile
Soft Tissue Relationshipsbull DOLICOCEPHALIC describes an individual that
has a narrower cranial width and usually presents with a long narrow shape and high mandibular plane angle
bull DOLICOFACIAL is an individual that has a long narrow face with a high mandibular plane angle convex profile poor chin development and an anterior-posterior face height imbalance
Soft Tissue Relationships
bull MESOCEPHALIC describes an individual that falls between the brachycephalic and dolicocephalic types and has an average cranial width
bull MESOFACIAL is an individual who has well balanced facial features
Frontal Facial View
bull A reduction of proportion between the left and right sides of the face Often associated with syndromes which can complicate treatment
Facial Midline
bull A line drawn perpendicular to theInter-pupillary line from glabella to the tip of the nose passing through the philtrum of the upper lip and the midline of the chin
Dental Midline
bull Maxillary Dental Midline A line drawn perpendicular to the maxillary occlusal plane through the proximal contacts of the central incisorsbull Mandibular Dental MidlineA line drawn perpendicular to themandibular occlusal planethrough the proximal contactsof the central incisors
bull Lip Line1048707 The amount of tooth andor gingival tissue that is exposed atrestbull Smile Line1048707 The amount of tooth andor Gingival tissue exposed uponsmiling
bull Lip Incompetence1048707 The inability of thepatient to have the lipscontacting in the restposition without showing muscle strain
Profile Facial Viewbull Profile Facial ViewThe profile facial view is use to evaluatethe nose chin lips and facial convexity There are three profile typesbull Straightbull Convexbull Concave
Convex ProfileStraight Profile Concave Profile
Dental Relationships
bull Terms to Considerbull Arch form= Shape of the individual dental archesbull Crowding= Dental misalignment caused by
inadequate space for the teethbull Diastema=A space between two or more teethin the dental archbull Supernumerary teeth= Extra teeth thatusually erupt ectopicallybull Anodontia= Congenitally missing teeth
Supernumerary teeth
1- Sagittal Dental Relationshipsbull Angle Classificationbull In 1890 Edward H Angle published the firstclassification of malocclusionbull The classifications are based on therelationship of the mesiobuccal cusp of themaxillary first molar and the buccal grooveof the mandibular first molarbull If this molar relationship exists then the teethcan align into normal occlusion
bull Normal Occlusionbull The mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first
molar is aligned with the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar There is alignment of the teeth normal overbite and overjet and coincident maxillary and mandibular midlines
2- Transverse Dental Relationshipsbull Posterior Crossbites A Posterior Crossbite is present when
posterior teeth occlude in an abnormal buccolingual relation with the antagonistic teeth
1048707 Posterior Crossbites can be the result of either malposition of a tooth or teeth andor the skeleton1048707 Examining the transverse dimension allows us to evaluate the intermolar and intercanine widths and determine which arch is the offending unit1048707 Posterior crossbites can be unilateral or bilateral1048707 A Functional Crossbite results from an occlusal interference that requires the mandible to shift either anteriorly andor laterally in order to achieve maximum occlusion
Posterior Crossbite
3- Vertical Dental Relationships
Skeletal Pattern
bull Cephalometric AnalysisUsed to evaluate the relationships between theteeth soft tissue and the skeletonbull The Lateral Cephalometric Radiographgives the orthodontist a sagittal view of theskeletal dental and soft tissues An analysis canthen be performed by tracing or digitizing theradiograph and making the appropriatemeasurements
Skeletal Patterns
bull Cephalometric analysis reveal to the orthodontistthe skeletal component of the patientrsquos malocclusionWe can classify patients as a bull Class I Skeletal Patternbull Class II Skeletal Patternbull Class III Skeletal Patternbull These patterns often correspond with the AngleClassification but not necessarily all the timeUnderstanding the skeletal pattern is essential forchoosing the proper treatment mechanics
bull Hyperdivergent Skeletal Pattern A skeletal pattern that deviates from the norm inthat there is an excessive divergence of the skeletal planes (determined byThe analysis used) Characterized by a steep mandibular plane angle along anterior lower faceheight with open bite tendency lip incompetence and often associated withClass II malocclusion
bull Hypodivergent Skeletal Pattern1048707 A skeletal pattern in which the skeletal planesare more parallel to each otherbull Characterized by a lowmandibular plane angleshort lower facial heightand is often associatedwith Class II Division 2malocclusions
Prognathism bull Prognathism is a skeletal protrusionbull Bimaxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) ispresent when both jaws protrude forward of thenormal facial limitsbull Maxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) is presentwhen the maxilla protrudes forward of the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Prognathism (Protrusion) is whenthe mandible protrudes forward of the normallimits of the face
Retrognathism
bull Retrognathism is a skeletal retrusionbull Bimaxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when both jaws are posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Maxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the maxilla is posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the mandible is posterior to thenormal limits of the face
Dentoalveolar Protrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior
teeth are positioned forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior teeth of both jaws are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the maxillary anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the mandibular anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
Dentoalveolar Retrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Retrusion is present when theanterior teeth are posterior to the normal limits ofthe basal bonebull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of both jaws areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion is presentwhen the anterior teeth of the maxilla are posteriorto the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of the mandible areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bone
THANK YOU
Soft Tissue Relationships
bull BRACHYCEPHALIC describes an individual with a larger than average cranial width and usually presents with a broad square head shape and low mandibular plane angle
bull BRACHYFACIAL is an individual characterized by a broad square face with a strong chin flat lip posture low mandibular plane angle and a straight profile
Soft Tissue Relationshipsbull DOLICOCEPHALIC describes an individual that
has a narrower cranial width and usually presents with a long narrow shape and high mandibular plane angle
bull DOLICOFACIAL is an individual that has a long narrow face with a high mandibular plane angle convex profile poor chin development and an anterior-posterior face height imbalance
Soft Tissue Relationships
bull MESOCEPHALIC describes an individual that falls between the brachycephalic and dolicocephalic types and has an average cranial width
bull MESOFACIAL is an individual who has well balanced facial features
Frontal Facial View
bull A reduction of proportion between the left and right sides of the face Often associated with syndromes which can complicate treatment
Facial Midline
bull A line drawn perpendicular to theInter-pupillary line from glabella to the tip of the nose passing through the philtrum of the upper lip and the midline of the chin
Dental Midline
bull Maxillary Dental Midline A line drawn perpendicular to the maxillary occlusal plane through the proximal contacts of the central incisorsbull Mandibular Dental MidlineA line drawn perpendicular to themandibular occlusal planethrough the proximal contactsof the central incisors
bull Lip Line1048707 The amount of tooth andor gingival tissue that is exposed atrestbull Smile Line1048707 The amount of tooth andor Gingival tissue exposed uponsmiling
bull Lip Incompetence1048707 The inability of thepatient to have the lipscontacting in the restposition without showing muscle strain
Profile Facial Viewbull Profile Facial ViewThe profile facial view is use to evaluatethe nose chin lips and facial convexity There are three profile typesbull Straightbull Convexbull Concave
Convex ProfileStraight Profile Concave Profile
Dental Relationships
bull Terms to Considerbull Arch form= Shape of the individual dental archesbull Crowding= Dental misalignment caused by
inadequate space for the teethbull Diastema=A space between two or more teethin the dental archbull Supernumerary teeth= Extra teeth thatusually erupt ectopicallybull Anodontia= Congenitally missing teeth
Supernumerary teeth
1- Sagittal Dental Relationshipsbull Angle Classificationbull In 1890 Edward H Angle published the firstclassification of malocclusionbull The classifications are based on therelationship of the mesiobuccal cusp of themaxillary first molar and the buccal grooveof the mandibular first molarbull If this molar relationship exists then the teethcan align into normal occlusion
bull Normal Occlusionbull The mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first
molar is aligned with the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar There is alignment of the teeth normal overbite and overjet and coincident maxillary and mandibular midlines
2- Transverse Dental Relationshipsbull Posterior Crossbites A Posterior Crossbite is present when
posterior teeth occlude in an abnormal buccolingual relation with the antagonistic teeth
1048707 Posterior Crossbites can be the result of either malposition of a tooth or teeth andor the skeleton1048707 Examining the transverse dimension allows us to evaluate the intermolar and intercanine widths and determine which arch is the offending unit1048707 Posterior crossbites can be unilateral or bilateral1048707 A Functional Crossbite results from an occlusal interference that requires the mandible to shift either anteriorly andor laterally in order to achieve maximum occlusion
Posterior Crossbite
3- Vertical Dental Relationships
Skeletal Pattern
bull Cephalometric AnalysisUsed to evaluate the relationships between theteeth soft tissue and the skeletonbull The Lateral Cephalometric Radiographgives the orthodontist a sagittal view of theskeletal dental and soft tissues An analysis canthen be performed by tracing or digitizing theradiograph and making the appropriatemeasurements
Skeletal Patterns
bull Cephalometric analysis reveal to the orthodontistthe skeletal component of the patientrsquos malocclusionWe can classify patients as a bull Class I Skeletal Patternbull Class II Skeletal Patternbull Class III Skeletal Patternbull These patterns often correspond with the AngleClassification but not necessarily all the timeUnderstanding the skeletal pattern is essential forchoosing the proper treatment mechanics
bull Hyperdivergent Skeletal Pattern A skeletal pattern that deviates from the norm inthat there is an excessive divergence of the skeletal planes (determined byThe analysis used) Characterized by a steep mandibular plane angle along anterior lower faceheight with open bite tendency lip incompetence and often associated withClass II malocclusion
bull Hypodivergent Skeletal Pattern1048707 A skeletal pattern in which the skeletal planesare more parallel to each otherbull Characterized by a lowmandibular plane angleshort lower facial heightand is often associatedwith Class II Division 2malocclusions
Prognathism bull Prognathism is a skeletal protrusionbull Bimaxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) ispresent when both jaws protrude forward of thenormal facial limitsbull Maxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) is presentwhen the maxilla protrudes forward of the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Prognathism (Protrusion) is whenthe mandible protrudes forward of the normallimits of the face
Retrognathism
bull Retrognathism is a skeletal retrusionbull Bimaxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when both jaws are posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Maxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the maxilla is posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the mandible is posterior to thenormal limits of the face
Dentoalveolar Protrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior
teeth are positioned forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior teeth of both jaws are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the maxillary anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the mandibular anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
Dentoalveolar Retrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Retrusion is present when theanterior teeth are posterior to the normal limits ofthe basal bonebull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of both jaws areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion is presentwhen the anterior teeth of the maxilla are posteriorto the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of the mandible areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bone
THANK YOU
Soft Tissue Relationshipsbull DOLICOCEPHALIC describes an individual that
has a narrower cranial width and usually presents with a long narrow shape and high mandibular plane angle
bull DOLICOFACIAL is an individual that has a long narrow face with a high mandibular plane angle convex profile poor chin development and an anterior-posterior face height imbalance
Soft Tissue Relationships
bull MESOCEPHALIC describes an individual that falls between the brachycephalic and dolicocephalic types and has an average cranial width
bull MESOFACIAL is an individual who has well balanced facial features
Frontal Facial View
bull A reduction of proportion between the left and right sides of the face Often associated with syndromes which can complicate treatment
Facial Midline
bull A line drawn perpendicular to theInter-pupillary line from glabella to the tip of the nose passing through the philtrum of the upper lip and the midline of the chin
Dental Midline
bull Maxillary Dental Midline A line drawn perpendicular to the maxillary occlusal plane through the proximal contacts of the central incisorsbull Mandibular Dental MidlineA line drawn perpendicular to themandibular occlusal planethrough the proximal contactsof the central incisors
bull Lip Line1048707 The amount of tooth andor gingival tissue that is exposed atrestbull Smile Line1048707 The amount of tooth andor Gingival tissue exposed uponsmiling
bull Lip Incompetence1048707 The inability of thepatient to have the lipscontacting in the restposition without showing muscle strain
Profile Facial Viewbull Profile Facial ViewThe profile facial view is use to evaluatethe nose chin lips and facial convexity There are three profile typesbull Straightbull Convexbull Concave
Convex ProfileStraight Profile Concave Profile
Dental Relationships
bull Terms to Considerbull Arch form= Shape of the individual dental archesbull Crowding= Dental misalignment caused by
inadequate space for the teethbull Diastema=A space between two or more teethin the dental archbull Supernumerary teeth= Extra teeth thatusually erupt ectopicallybull Anodontia= Congenitally missing teeth
Supernumerary teeth
1- Sagittal Dental Relationshipsbull Angle Classificationbull In 1890 Edward H Angle published the firstclassification of malocclusionbull The classifications are based on therelationship of the mesiobuccal cusp of themaxillary first molar and the buccal grooveof the mandibular first molarbull If this molar relationship exists then the teethcan align into normal occlusion
bull Normal Occlusionbull The mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first
molar is aligned with the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar There is alignment of the teeth normal overbite and overjet and coincident maxillary and mandibular midlines
2- Transverse Dental Relationshipsbull Posterior Crossbites A Posterior Crossbite is present when
posterior teeth occlude in an abnormal buccolingual relation with the antagonistic teeth
1048707 Posterior Crossbites can be the result of either malposition of a tooth or teeth andor the skeleton1048707 Examining the transverse dimension allows us to evaluate the intermolar and intercanine widths and determine which arch is the offending unit1048707 Posterior crossbites can be unilateral or bilateral1048707 A Functional Crossbite results from an occlusal interference that requires the mandible to shift either anteriorly andor laterally in order to achieve maximum occlusion
Posterior Crossbite
3- Vertical Dental Relationships
Skeletal Pattern
bull Cephalometric AnalysisUsed to evaluate the relationships between theteeth soft tissue and the skeletonbull The Lateral Cephalometric Radiographgives the orthodontist a sagittal view of theskeletal dental and soft tissues An analysis canthen be performed by tracing or digitizing theradiograph and making the appropriatemeasurements
Skeletal Patterns
bull Cephalometric analysis reveal to the orthodontistthe skeletal component of the patientrsquos malocclusionWe can classify patients as a bull Class I Skeletal Patternbull Class II Skeletal Patternbull Class III Skeletal Patternbull These patterns often correspond with the AngleClassification but not necessarily all the timeUnderstanding the skeletal pattern is essential forchoosing the proper treatment mechanics
bull Hyperdivergent Skeletal Pattern A skeletal pattern that deviates from the norm inthat there is an excessive divergence of the skeletal planes (determined byThe analysis used) Characterized by a steep mandibular plane angle along anterior lower faceheight with open bite tendency lip incompetence and often associated withClass II malocclusion
bull Hypodivergent Skeletal Pattern1048707 A skeletal pattern in which the skeletal planesare more parallel to each otherbull Characterized by a lowmandibular plane angleshort lower facial heightand is often associatedwith Class II Division 2malocclusions
Prognathism bull Prognathism is a skeletal protrusionbull Bimaxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) ispresent when both jaws protrude forward of thenormal facial limitsbull Maxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) is presentwhen the maxilla protrudes forward of the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Prognathism (Protrusion) is whenthe mandible protrudes forward of the normallimits of the face
Retrognathism
bull Retrognathism is a skeletal retrusionbull Bimaxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when both jaws are posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Maxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the maxilla is posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the mandible is posterior to thenormal limits of the face
Dentoalveolar Protrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior
teeth are positioned forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior teeth of both jaws are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the maxillary anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the mandibular anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
Dentoalveolar Retrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Retrusion is present when theanterior teeth are posterior to the normal limits ofthe basal bonebull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of both jaws areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion is presentwhen the anterior teeth of the maxilla are posteriorto the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of the mandible areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bone
THANK YOU
Soft Tissue Relationships
bull MESOCEPHALIC describes an individual that falls between the brachycephalic and dolicocephalic types and has an average cranial width
bull MESOFACIAL is an individual who has well balanced facial features
Frontal Facial View
bull A reduction of proportion between the left and right sides of the face Often associated with syndromes which can complicate treatment
Facial Midline
bull A line drawn perpendicular to theInter-pupillary line from glabella to the tip of the nose passing through the philtrum of the upper lip and the midline of the chin
Dental Midline
bull Maxillary Dental Midline A line drawn perpendicular to the maxillary occlusal plane through the proximal contacts of the central incisorsbull Mandibular Dental MidlineA line drawn perpendicular to themandibular occlusal planethrough the proximal contactsof the central incisors
bull Lip Line1048707 The amount of tooth andor gingival tissue that is exposed atrestbull Smile Line1048707 The amount of tooth andor Gingival tissue exposed uponsmiling
bull Lip Incompetence1048707 The inability of thepatient to have the lipscontacting in the restposition without showing muscle strain
Profile Facial Viewbull Profile Facial ViewThe profile facial view is use to evaluatethe nose chin lips and facial convexity There are three profile typesbull Straightbull Convexbull Concave
Convex ProfileStraight Profile Concave Profile
Dental Relationships
bull Terms to Considerbull Arch form= Shape of the individual dental archesbull Crowding= Dental misalignment caused by
inadequate space for the teethbull Diastema=A space between two or more teethin the dental archbull Supernumerary teeth= Extra teeth thatusually erupt ectopicallybull Anodontia= Congenitally missing teeth
Supernumerary teeth
1- Sagittal Dental Relationshipsbull Angle Classificationbull In 1890 Edward H Angle published the firstclassification of malocclusionbull The classifications are based on therelationship of the mesiobuccal cusp of themaxillary first molar and the buccal grooveof the mandibular first molarbull If this molar relationship exists then the teethcan align into normal occlusion
bull Normal Occlusionbull The mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first
molar is aligned with the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar There is alignment of the teeth normal overbite and overjet and coincident maxillary and mandibular midlines
2- Transverse Dental Relationshipsbull Posterior Crossbites A Posterior Crossbite is present when
posterior teeth occlude in an abnormal buccolingual relation with the antagonistic teeth
1048707 Posterior Crossbites can be the result of either malposition of a tooth or teeth andor the skeleton1048707 Examining the transverse dimension allows us to evaluate the intermolar and intercanine widths and determine which arch is the offending unit1048707 Posterior crossbites can be unilateral or bilateral1048707 A Functional Crossbite results from an occlusal interference that requires the mandible to shift either anteriorly andor laterally in order to achieve maximum occlusion
Posterior Crossbite
3- Vertical Dental Relationships
Skeletal Pattern
bull Cephalometric AnalysisUsed to evaluate the relationships between theteeth soft tissue and the skeletonbull The Lateral Cephalometric Radiographgives the orthodontist a sagittal view of theskeletal dental and soft tissues An analysis canthen be performed by tracing or digitizing theradiograph and making the appropriatemeasurements
Skeletal Patterns
bull Cephalometric analysis reveal to the orthodontistthe skeletal component of the patientrsquos malocclusionWe can classify patients as a bull Class I Skeletal Patternbull Class II Skeletal Patternbull Class III Skeletal Patternbull These patterns often correspond with the AngleClassification but not necessarily all the timeUnderstanding the skeletal pattern is essential forchoosing the proper treatment mechanics
bull Hyperdivergent Skeletal Pattern A skeletal pattern that deviates from the norm inthat there is an excessive divergence of the skeletal planes (determined byThe analysis used) Characterized by a steep mandibular plane angle along anterior lower faceheight with open bite tendency lip incompetence and often associated withClass II malocclusion
bull Hypodivergent Skeletal Pattern1048707 A skeletal pattern in which the skeletal planesare more parallel to each otherbull Characterized by a lowmandibular plane angleshort lower facial heightand is often associatedwith Class II Division 2malocclusions
Prognathism bull Prognathism is a skeletal protrusionbull Bimaxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) ispresent when both jaws protrude forward of thenormal facial limitsbull Maxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) is presentwhen the maxilla protrudes forward of the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Prognathism (Protrusion) is whenthe mandible protrudes forward of the normallimits of the face
Retrognathism
bull Retrognathism is a skeletal retrusionbull Bimaxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when both jaws are posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Maxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the maxilla is posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the mandible is posterior to thenormal limits of the face
Dentoalveolar Protrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior
teeth are positioned forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior teeth of both jaws are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the maxillary anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the mandibular anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
Dentoalveolar Retrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Retrusion is present when theanterior teeth are posterior to the normal limits ofthe basal bonebull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of both jaws areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion is presentwhen the anterior teeth of the maxilla are posteriorto the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of the mandible areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bone
THANK YOU
Frontal Facial View
bull A reduction of proportion between the left and right sides of the face Often associated with syndromes which can complicate treatment
Facial Midline
bull A line drawn perpendicular to theInter-pupillary line from glabella to the tip of the nose passing through the philtrum of the upper lip and the midline of the chin
Dental Midline
bull Maxillary Dental Midline A line drawn perpendicular to the maxillary occlusal plane through the proximal contacts of the central incisorsbull Mandibular Dental MidlineA line drawn perpendicular to themandibular occlusal planethrough the proximal contactsof the central incisors
bull Lip Line1048707 The amount of tooth andor gingival tissue that is exposed atrestbull Smile Line1048707 The amount of tooth andor Gingival tissue exposed uponsmiling
bull Lip Incompetence1048707 The inability of thepatient to have the lipscontacting in the restposition without showing muscle strain
Profile Facial Viewbull Profile Facial ViewThe profile facial view is use to evaluatethe nose chin lips and facial convexity There are three profile typesbull Straightbull Convexbull Concave
Convex ProfileStraight Profile Concave Profile
Dental Relationships
bull Terms to Considerbull Arch form= Shape of the individual dental archesbull Crowding= Dental misalignment caused by
inadequate space for the teethbull Diastema=A space between two or more teethin the dental archbull Supernumerary teeth= Extra teeth thatusually erupt ectopicallybull Anodontia= Congenitally missing teeth
Supernumerary teeth
1- Sagittal Dental Relationshipsbull Angle Classificationbull In 1890 Edward H Angle published the firstclassification of malocclusionbull The classifications are based on therelationship of the mesiobuccal cusp of themaxillary first molar and the buccal grooveof the mandibular first molarbull If this molar relationship exists then the teethcan align into normal occlusion
bull Normal Occlusionbull The mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first
molar is aligned with the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar There is alignment of the teeth normal overbite and overjet and coincident maxillary and mandibular midlines
2- Transverse Dental Relationshipsbull Posterior Crossbites A Posterior Crossbite is present when
posterior teeth occlude in an abnormal buccolingual relation with the antagonistic teeth
1048707 Posterior Crossbites can be the result of either malposition of a tooth or teeth andor the skeleton1048707 Examining the transverse dimension allows us to evaluate the intermolar and intercanine widths and determine which arch is the offending unit1048707 Posterior crossbites can be unilateral or bilateral1048707 A Functional Crossbite results from an occlusal interference that requires the mandible to shift either anteriorly andor laterally in order to achieve maximum occlusion
Posterior Crossbite
3- Vertical Dental Relationships
Skeletal Pattern
bull Cephalometric AnalysisUsed to evaluate the relationships between theteeth soft tissue and the skeletonbull The Lateral Cephalometric Radiographgives the orthodontist a sagittal view of theskeletal dental and soft tissues An analysis canthen be performed by tracing or digitizing theradiograph and making the appropriatemeasurements
Skeletal Patterns
bull Cephalometric analysis reveal to the orthodontistthe skeletal component of the patientrsquos malocclusionWe can classify patients as a bull Class I Skeletal Patternbull Class II Skeletal Patternbull Class III Skeletal Patternbull These patterns often correspond with the AngleClassification but not necessarily all the timeUnderstanding the skeletal pattern is essential forchoosing the proper treatment mechanics
bull Hyperdivergent Skeletal Pattern A skeletal pattern that deviates from the norm inthat there is an excessive divergence of the skeletal planes (determined byThe analysis used) Characterized by a steep mandibular plane angle along anterior lower faceheight with open bite tendency lip incompetence and often associated withClass II malocclusion
bull Hypodivergent Skeletal Pattern1048707 A skeletal pattern in which the skeletal planesare more parallel to each otherbull Characterized by a lowmandibular plane angleshort lower facial heightand is often associatedwith Class II Division 2malocclusions
Prognathism bull Prognathism is a skeletal protrusionbull Bimaxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) ispresent when both jaws protrude forward of thenormal facial limitsbull Maxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) is presentwhen the maxilla protrudes forward of the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Prognathism (Protrusion) is whenthe mandible protrudes forward of the normallimits of the face
Retrognathism
bull Retrognathism is a skeletal retrusionbull Bimaxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when both jaws are posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Maxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the maxilla is posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the mandible is posterior to thenormal limits of the face
Dentoalveolar Protrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior
teeth are positioned forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior teeth of both jaws are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the maxillary anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the mandibular anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
Dentoalveolar Retrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Retrusion is present when theanterior teeth are posterior to the normal limits ofthe basal bonebull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of both jaws areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion is presentwhen the anterior teeth of the maxilla are posteriorto the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of the mandible areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bone
THANK YOU
Facial Midline
bull A line drawn perpendicular to theInter-pupillary line from glabella to the tip of the nose passing through the philtrum of the upper lip and the midline of the chin
Dental Midline
bull Maxillary Dental Midline A line drawn perpendicular to the maxillary occlusal plane through the proximal contacts of the central incisorsbull Mandibular Dental MidlineA line drawn perpendicular to themandibular occlusal planethrough the proximal contactsof the central incisors
bull Lip Line1048707 The amount of tooth andor gingival tissue that is exposed atrestbull Smile Line1048707 The amount of tooth andor Gingival tissue exposed uponsmiling
bull Lip Incompetence1048707 The inability of thepatient to have the lipscontacting in the restposition without showing muscle strain
Profile Facial Viewbull Profile Facial ViewThe profile facial view is use to evaluatethe nose chin lips and facial convexity There are three profile typesbull Straightbull Convexbull Concave
Convex ProfileStraight Profile Concave Profile
Dental Relationships
bull Terms to Considerbull Arch form= Shape of the individual dental archesbull Crowding= Dental misalignment caused by
inadequate space for the teethbull Diastema=A space between two or more teethin the dental archbull Supernumerary teeth= Extra teeth thatusually erupt ectopicallybull Anodontia= Congenitally missing teeth
Supernumerary teeth
1- Sagittal Dental Relationshipsbull Angle Classificationbull In 1890 Edward H Angle published the firstclassification of malocclusionbull The classifications are based on therelationship of the mesiobuccal cusp of themaxillary first molar and the buccal grooveof the mandibular first molarbull If this molar relationship exists then the teethcan align into normal occlusion
bull Normal Occlusionbull The mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first
molar is aligned with the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar There is alignment of the teeth normal overbite and overjet and coincident maxillary and mandibular midlines
2- Transverse Dental Relationshipsbull Posterior Crossbites A Posterior Crossbite is present when
posterior teeth occlude in an abnormal buccolingual relation with the antagonistic teeth
1048707 Posterior Crossbites can be the result of either malposition of a tooth or teeth andor the skeleton1048707 Examining the transverse dimension allows us to evaluate the intermolar and intercanine widths and determine which arch is the offending unit1048707 Posterior crossbites can be unilateral or bilateral1048707 A Functional Crossbite results from an occlusal interference that requires the mandible to shift either anteriorly andor laterally in order to achieve maximum occlusion
Posterior Crossbite
3- Vertical Dental Relationships
Skeletal Pattern
bull Cephalometric AnalysisUsed to evaluate the relationships between theteeth soft tissue and the skeletonbull The Lateral Cephalometric Radiographgives the orthodontist a sagittal view of theskeletal dental and soft tissues An analysis canthen be performed by tracing or digitizing theradiograph and making the appropriatemeasurements
Skeletal Patterns
bull Cephalometric analysis reveal to the orthodontistthe skeletal component of the patientrsquos malocclusionWe can classify patients as a bull Class I Skeletal Patternbull Class II Skeletal Patternbull Class III Skeletal Patternbull These patterns often correspond with the AngleClassification but not necessarily all the timeUnderstanding the skeletal pattern is essential forchoosing the proper treatment mechanics
bull Hyperdivergent Skeletal Pattern A skeletal pattern that deviates from the norm inthat there is an excessive divergence of the skeletal planes (determined byThe analysis used) Characterized by a steep mandibular plane angle along anterior lower faceheight with open bite tendency lip incompetence and often associated withClass II malocclusion
bull Hypodivergent Skeletal Pattern1048707 A skeletal pattern in which the skeletal planesare more parallel to each otherbull Characterized by a lowmandibular plane angleshort lower facial heightand is often associatedwith Class II Division 2malocclusions
Prognathism bull Prognathism is a skeletal protrusionbull Bimaxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) ispresent when both jaws protrude forward of thenormal facial limitsbull Maxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) is presentwhen the maxilla protrudes forward of the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Prognathism (Protrusion) is whenthe mandible protrudes forward of the normallimits of the face
Retrognathism
bull Retrognathism is a skeletal retrusionbull Bimaxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when both jaws are posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Maxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the maxilla is posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the mandible is posterior to thenormal limits of the face
Dentoalveolar Protrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior
teeth are positioned forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior teeth of both jaws are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the maxillary anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the mandibular anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
Dentoalveolar Retrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Retrusion is present when theanterior teeth are posterior to the normal limits ofthe basal bonebull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of both jaws areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion is presentwhen the anterior teeth of the maxilla are posteriorto the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of the mandible areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bone
THANK YOU
Dental Midline
bull Maxillary Dental Midline A line drawn perpendicular to the maxillary occlusal plane through the proximal contacts of the central incisorsbull Mandibular Dental MidlineA line drawn perpendicular to themandibular occlusal planethrough the proximal contactsof the central incisors
bull Lip Line1048707 The amount of tooth andor gingival tissue that is exposed atrestbull Smile Line1048707 The amount of tooth andor Gingival tissue exposed uponsmiling
bull Lip Incompetence1048707 The inability of thepatient to have the lipscontacting in the restposition without showing muscle strain
Profile Facial Viewbull Profile Facial ViewThe profile facial view is use to evaluatethe nose chin lips and facial convexity There are three profile typesbull Straightbull Convexbull Concave
Convex ProfileStraight Profile Concave Profile
Dental Relationships
bull Terms to Considerbull Arch form= Shape of the individual dental archesbull Crowding= Dental misalignment caused by
inadequate space for the teethbull Diastema=A space between two or more teethin the dental archbull Supernumerary teeth= Extra teeth thatusually erupt ectopicallybull Anodontia= Congenitally missing teeth
Supernumerary teeth
1- Sagittal Dental Relationshipsbull Angle Classificationbull In 1890 Edward H Angle published the firstclassification of malocclusionbull The classifications are based on therelationship of the mesiobuccal cusp of themaxillary first molar and the buccal grooveof the mandibular first molarbull If this molar relationship exists then the teethcan align into normal occlusion
bull Normal Occlusionbull The mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first
molar is aligned with the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar There is alignment of the teeth normal overbite and overjet and coincident maxillary and mandibular midlines
2- Transverse Dental Relationshipsbull Posterior Crossbites A Posterior Crossbite is present when
posterior teeth occlude in an abnormal buccolingual relation with the antagonistic teeth
1048707 Posterior Crossbites can be the result of either malposition of a tooth or teeth andor the skeleton1048707 Examining the transverse dimension allows us to evaluate the intermolar and intercanine widths and determine which arch is the offending unit1048707 Posterior crossbites can be unilateral or bilateral1048707 A Functional Crossbite results from an occlusal interference that requires the mandible to shift either anteriorly andor laterally in order to achieve maximum occlusion
Posterior Crossbite
3- Vertical Dental Relationships
Skeletal Pattern
bull Cephalometric AnalysisUsed to evaluate the relationships between theteeth soft tissue and the skeletonbull The Lateral Cephalometric Radiographgives the orthodontist a sagittal view of theskeletal dental and soft tissues An analysis canthen be performed by tracing or digitizing theradiograph and making the appropriatemeasurements
Skeletal Patterns
bull Cephalometric analysis reveal to the orthodontistthe skeletal component of the patientrsquos malocclusionWe can classify patients as a bull Class I Skeletal Patternbull Class II Skeletal Patternbull Class III Skeletal Patternbull These patterns often correspond with the AngleClassification but not necessarily all the timeUnderstanding the skeletal pattern is essential forchoosing the proper treatment mechanics
bull Hyperdivergent Skeletal Pattern A skeletal pattern that deviates from the norm inthat there is an excessive divergence of the skeletal planes (determined byThe analysis used) Characterized by a steep mandibular plane angle along anterior lower faceheight with open bite tendency lip incompetence and often associated withClass II malocclusion
bull Hypodivergent Skeletal Pattern1048707 A skeletal pattern in which the skeletal planesare more parallel to each otherbull Characterized by a lowmandibular plane angleshort lower facial heightand is often associatedwith Class II Division 2malocclusions
Prognathism bull Prognathism is a skeletal protrusionbull Bimaxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) ispresent when both jaws protrude forward of thenormal facial limitsbull Maxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) is presentwhen the maxilla protrudes forward of the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Prognathism (Protrusion) is whenthe mandible protrudes forward of the normallimits of the face
Retrognathism
bull Retrognathism is a skeletal retrusionbull Bimaxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when both jaws are posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Maxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the maxilla is posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the mandible is posterior to thenormal limits of the face
Dentoalveolar Protrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior
teeth are positioned forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior teeth of both jaws are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the maxillary anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the mandibular anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
Dentoalveolar Retrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Retrusion is present when theanterior teeth are posterior to the normal limits ofthe basal bonebull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of both jaws areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion is presentwhen the anterior teeth of the maxilla are posteriorto the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of the mandible areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bone
THANK YOU
bull Lip Line1048707 The amount of tooth andor gingival tissue that is exposed atrestbull Smile Line1048707 The amount of tooth andor Gingival tissue exposed uponsmiling
bull Lip Incompetence1048707 The inability of thepatient to have the lipscontacting in the restposition without showing muscle strain
Profile Facial Viewbull Profile Facial ViewThe profile facial view is use to evaluatethe nose chin lips and facial convexity There are three profile typesbull Straightbull Convexbull Concave
Convex ProfileStraight Profile Concave Profile
Dental Relationships
bull Terms to Considerbull Arch form= Shape of the individual dental archesbull Crowding= Dental misalignment caused by
inadequate space for the teethbull Diastema=A space between two or more teethin the dental archbull Supernumerary teeth= Extra teeth thatusually erupt ectopicallybull Anodontia= Congenitally missing teeth
Supernumerary teeth
1- Sagittal Dental Relationshipsbull Angle Classificationbull In 1890 Edward H Angle published the firstclassification of malocclusionbull The classifications are based on therelationship of the mesiobuccal cusp of themaxillary first molar and the buccal grooveof the mandibular first molarbull If this molar relationship exists then the teethcan align into normal occlusion
bull Normal Occlusionbull The mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first
molar is aligned with the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar There is alignment of the teeth normal overbite and overjet and coincident maxillary and mandibular midlines
2- Transverse Dental Relationshipsbull Posterior Crossbites A Posterior Crossbite is present when
posterior teeth occlude in an abnormal buccolingual relation with the antagonistic teeth
1048707 Posterior Crossbites can be the result of either malposition of a tooth or teeth andor the skeleton1048707 Examining the transverse dimension allows us to evaluate the intermolar and intercanine widths and determine which arch is the offending unit1048707 Posterior crossbites can be unilateral or bilateral1048707 A Functional Crossbite results from an occlusal interference that requires the mandible to shift either anteriorly andor laterally in order to achieve maximum occlusion
Posterior Crossbite
3- Vertical Dental Relationships
Skeletal Pattern
bull Cephalometric AnalysisUsed to evaluate the relationships between theteeth soft tissue and the skeletonbull The Lateral Cephalometric Radiographgives the orthodontist a sagittal view of theskeletal dental and soft tissues An analysis canthen be performed by tracing or digitizing theradiograph and making the appropriatemeasurements
Skeletal Patterns
bull Cephalometric analysis reveal to the orthodontistthe skeletal component of the patientrsquos malocclusionWe can classify patients as a bull Class I Skeletal Patternbull Class II Skeletal Patternbull Class III Skeletal Patternbull These patterns often correspond with the AngleClassification but not necessarily all the timeUnderstanding the skeletal pattern is essential forchoosing the proper treatment mechanics
bull Hyperdivergent Skeletal Pattern A skeletal pattern that deviates from the norm inthat there is an excessive divergence of the skeletal planes (determined byThe analysis used) Characterized by a steep mandibular plane angle along anterior lower faceheight with open bite tendency lip incompetence and often associated withClass II malocclusion
bull Hypodivergent Skeletal Pattern1048707 A skeletal pattern in which the skeletal planesare more parallel to each otherbull Characterized by a lowmandibular plane angleshort lower facial heightand is often associatedwith Class II Division 2malocclusions
Prognathism bull Prognathism is a skeletal protrusionbull Bimaxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) ispresent when both jaws protrude forward of thenormal facial limitsbull Maxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) is presentwhen the maxilla protrudes forward of the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Prognathism (Protrusion) is whenthe mandible protrudes forward of the normallimits of the face
Retrognathism
bull Retrognathism is a skeletal retrusionbull Bimaxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when both jaws are posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Maxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the maxilla is posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the mandible is posterior to thenormal limits of the face
Dentoalveolar Protrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior
teeth are positioned forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior teeth of both jaws are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the maxillary anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the mandibular anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
Dentoalveolar Retrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Retrusion is present when theanterior teeth are posterior to the normal limits ofthe basal bonebull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of both jaws areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion is presentwhen the anterior teeth of the maxilla are posteriorto the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of the mandible areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bone
THANK YOU
bull Lip Incompetence1048707 The inability of thepatient to have the lipscontacting in the restposition without showing muscle strain
Profile Facial Viewbull Profile Facial ViewThe profile facial view is use to evaluatethe nose chin lips and facial convexity There are three profile typesbull Straightbull Convexbull Concave
Convex ProfileStraight Profile Concave Profile
Dental Relationships
bull Terms to Considerbull Arch form= Shape of the individual dental archesbull Crowding= Dental misalignment caused by
inadequate space for the teethbull Diastema=A space between two or more teethin the dental archbull Supernumerary teeth= Extra teeth thatusually erupt ectopicallybull Anodontia= Congenitally missing teeth
Supernumerary teeth
1- Sagittal Dental Relationshipsbull Angle Classificationbull In 1890 Edward H Angle published the firstclassification of malocclusionbull The classifications are based on therelationship of the mesiobuccal cusp of themaxillary first molar and the buccal grooveof the mandibular first molarbull If this molar relationship exists then the teethcan align into normal occlusion
bull Normal Occlusionbull The mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first
molar is aligned with the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar There is alignment of the teeth normal overbite and overjet and coincident maxillary and mandibular midlines
2- Transverse Dental Relationshipsbull Posterior Crossbites A Posterior Crossbite is present when
posterior teeth occlude in an abnormal buccolingual relation with the antagonistic teeth
1048707 Posterior Crossbites can be the result of either malposition of a tooth or teeth andor the skeleton1048707 Examining the transverse dimension allows us to evaluate the intermolar and intercanine widths and determine which arch is the offending unit1048707 Posterior crossbites can be unilateral or bilateral1048707 A Functional Crossbite results from an occlusal interference that requires the mandible to shift either anteriorly andor laterally in order to achieve maximum occlusion
Posterior Crossbite
3- Vertical Dental Relationships
Skeletal Pattern
bull Cephalometric AnalysisUsed to evaluate the relationships between theteeth soft tissue and the skeletonbull The Lateral Cephalometric Radiographgives the orthodontist a sagittal view of theskeletal dental and soft tissues An analysis canthen be performed by tracing or digitizing theradiograph and making the appropriatemeasurements
Skeletal Patterns
bull Cephalometric analysis reveal to the orthodontistthe skeletal component of the patientrsquos malocclusionWe can classify patients as a bull Class I Skeletal Patternbull Class II Skeletal Patternbull Class III Skeletal Patternbull These patterns often correspond with the AngleClassification but not necessarily all the timeUnderstanding the skeletal pattern is essential forchoosing the proper treatment mechanics
bull Hyperdivergent Skeletal Pattern A skeletal pattern that deviates from the norm inthat there is an excessive divergence of the skeletal planes (determined byThe analysis used) Characterized by a steep mandibular plane angle along anterior lower faceheight with open bite tendency lip incompetence and often associated withClass II malocclusion
bull Hypodivergent Skeletal Pattern1048707 A skeletal pattern in which the skeletal planesare more parallel to each otherbull Characterized by a lowmandibular plane angleshort lower facial heightand is often associatedwith Class II Division 2malocclusions
Prognathism bull Prognathism is a skeletal protrusionbull Bimaxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) ispresent when both jaws protrude forward of thenormal facial limitsbull Maxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) is presentwhen the maxilla protrudes forward of the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Prognathism (Protrusion) is whenthe mandible protrudes forward of the normallimits of the face
Retrognathism
bull Retrognathism is a skeletal retrusionbull Bimaxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when both jaws are posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Maxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the maxilla is posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the mandible is posterior to thenormal limits of the face
Dentoalveolar Protrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior
teeth are positioned forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior teeth of both jaws are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the maxillary anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the mandibular anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
Dentoalveolar Retrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Retrusion is present when theanterior teeth are posterior to the normal limits ofthe basal bonebull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of both jaws areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion is presentwhen the anterior teeth of the maxilla are posteriorto the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of the mandible areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bone
THANK YOU
Profile Facial Viewbull Profile Facial ViewThe profile facial view is use to evaluatethe nose chin lips and facial convexity There are three profile typesbull Straightbull Convexbull Concave
Convex ProfileStraight Profile Concave Profile
Dental Relationships
bull Terms to Considerbull Arch form= Shape of the individual dental archesbull Crowding= Dental misalignment caused by
inadequate space for the teethbull Diastema=A space between two or more teethin the dental archbull Supernumerary teeth= Extra teeth thatusually erupt ectopicallybull Anodontia= Congenitally missing teeth
Supernumerary teeth
1- Sagittal Dental Relationshipsbull Angle Classificationbull In 1890 Edward H Angle published the firstclassification of malocclusionbull The classifications are based on therelationship of the mesiobuccal cusp of themaxillary first molar and the buccal grooveof the mandibular first molarbull If this molar relationship exists then the teethcan align into normal occlusion
bull Normal Occlusionbull The mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first
molar is aligned with the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar There is alignment of the teeth normal overbite and overjet and coincident maxillary and mandibular midlines
2- Transverse Dental Relationshipsbull Posterior Crossbites A Posterior Crossbite is present when
posterior teeth occlude in an abnormal buccolingual relation with the antagonistic teeth
1048707 Posterior Crossbites can be the result of either malposition of a tooth or teeth andor the skeleton1048707 Examining the transverse dimension allows us to evaluate the intermolar and intercanine widths and determine which arch is the offending unit1048707 Posterior crossbites can be unilateral or bilateral1048707 A Functional Crossbite results from an occlusal interference that requires the mandible to shift either anteriorly andor laterally in order to achieve maximum occlusion
Posterior Crossbite
3- Vertical Dental Relationships
Skeletal Pattern
bull Cephalometric AnalysisUsed to evaluate the relationships between theteeth soft tissue and the skeletonbull The Lateral Cephalometric Radiographgives the orthodontist a sagittal view of theskeletal dental and soft tissues An analysis canthen be performed by tracing or digitizing theradiograph and making the appropriatemeasurements
Skeletal Patterns
bull Cephalometric analysis reveal to the orthodontistthe skeletal component of the patientrsquos malocclusionWe can classify patients as a bull Class I Skeletal Patternbull Class II Skeletal Patternbull Class III Skeletal Patternbull These patterns often correspond with the AngleClassification but not necessarily all the timeUnderstanding the skeletal pattern is essential forchoosing the proper treatment mechanics
bull Hyperdivergent Skeletal Pattern A skeletal pattern that deviates from the norm inthat there is an excessive divergence of the skeletal planes (determined byThe analysis used) Characterized by a steep mandibular plane angle along anterior lower faceheight with open bite tendency lip incompetence and often associated withClass II malocclusion
bull Hypodivergent Skeletal Pattern1048707 A skeletal pattern in which the skeletal planesare more parallel to each otherbull Characterized by a lowmandibular plane angleshort lower facial heightand is often associatedwith Class II Division 2malocclusions
Prognathism bull Prognathism is a skeletal protrusionbull Bimaxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) ispresent when both jaws protrude forward of thenormal facial limitsbull Maxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) is presentwhen the maxilla protrudes forward of the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Prognathism (Protrusion) is whenthe mandible protrudes forward of the normallimits of the face
Retrognathism
bull Retrognathism is a skeletal retrusionbull Bimaxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when both jaws are posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Maxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the maxilla is posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the mandible is posterior to thenormal limits of the face
Dentoalveolar Protrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior
teeth are positioned forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior teeth of both jaws are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the maxillary anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the mandibular anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
Dentoalveolar Retrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Retrusion is present when theanterior teeth are posterior to the normal limits ofthe basal bonebull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of both jaws areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion is presentwhen the anterior teeth of the maxilla are posteriorto the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of the mandible areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bone
THANK YOU
Convex ProfileStraight Profile Concave Profile
Dental Relationships
bull Terms to Considerbull Arch form= Shape of the individual dental archesbull Crowding= Dental misalignment caused by
inadequate space for the teethbull Diastema=A space between two or more teethin the dental archbull Supernumerary teeth= Extra teeth thatusually erupt ectopicallybull Anodontia= Congenitally missing teeth
Supernumerary teeth
1- Sagittal Dental Relationshipsbull Angle Classificationbull In 1890 Edward H Angle published the firstclassification of malocclusionbull The classifications are based on therelationship of the mesiobuccal cusp of themaxillary first molar and the buccal grooveof the mandibular first molarbull If this molar relationship exists then the teethcan align into normal occlusion
bull Normal Occlusionbull The mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first
molar is aligned with the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar There is alignment of the teeth normal overbite and overjet and coincident maxillary and mandibular midlines
2- Transverse Dental Relationshipsbull Posterior Crossbites A Posterior Crossbite is present when
posterior teeth occlude in an abnormal buccolingual relation with the antagonistic teeth
1048707 Posterior Crossbites can be the result of either malposition of a tooth or teeth andor the skeleton1048707 Examining the transverse dimension allows us to evaluate the intermolar and intercanine widths and determine which arch is the offending unit1048707 Posterior crossbites can be unilateral or bilateral1048707 A Functional Crossbite results from an occlusal interference that requires the mandible to shift either anteriorly andor laterally in order to achieve maximum occlusion
Posterior Crossbite
3- Vertical Dental Relationships
Skeletal Pattern
bull Cephalometric AnalysisUsed to evaluate the relationships between theteeth soft tissue and the skeletonbull The Lateral Cephalometric Radiographgives the orthodontist a sagittal view of theskeletal dental and soft tissues An analysis canthen be performed by tracing or digitizing theradiograph and making the appropriatemeasurements
Skeletal Patterns
bull Cephalometric analysis reveal to the orthodontistthe skeletal component of the patientrsquos malocclusionWe can classify patients as a bull Class I Skeletal Patternbull Class II Skeletal Patternbull Class III Skeletal Patternbull These patterns often correspond with the AngleClassification but not necessarily all the timeUnderstanding the skeletal pattern is essential forchoosing the proper treatment mechanics
bull Hyperdivergent Skeletal Pattern A skeletal pattern that deviates from the norm inthat there is an excessive divergence of the skeletal planes (determined byThe analysis used) Characterized by a steep mandibular plane angle along anterior lower faceheight with open bite tendency lip incompetence and often associated withClass II malocclusion
bull Hypodivergent Skeletal Pattern1048707 A skeletal pattern in which the skeletal planesare more parallel to each otherbull Characterized by a lowmandibular plane angleshort lower facial heightand is often associatedwith Class II Division 2malocclusions
Prognathism bull Prognathism is a skeletal protrusionbull Bimaxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) ispresent when both jaws protrude forward of thenormal facial limitsbull Maxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) is presentwhen the maxilla protrudes forward of the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Prognathism (Protrusion) is whenthe mandible protrudes forward of the normallimits of the face
Retrognathism
bull Retrognathism is a skeletal retrusionbull Bimaxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when both jaws are posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Maxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the maxilla is posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the mandible is posterior to thenormal limits of the face
Dentoalveolar Protrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior
teeth are positioned forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior teeth of both jaws are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the maxillary anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the mandibular anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
Dentoalveolar Retrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Retrusion is present when theanterior teeth are posterior to the normal limits ofthe basal bonebull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of both jaws areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion is presentwhen the anterior teeth of the maxilla are posteriorto the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of the mandible areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bone
THANK YOU
Dental Relationships
bull Terms to Considerbull Arch form= Shape of the individual dental archesbull Crowding= Dental misalignment caused by
inadequate space for the teethbull Diastema=A space between two or more teethin the dental archbull Supernumerary teeth= Extra teeth thatusually erupt ectopicallybull Anodontia= Congenitally missing teeth
Supernumerary teeth
1- Sagittal Dental Relationshipsbull Angle Classificationbull In 1890 Edward H Angle published the firstclassification of malocclusionbull The classifications are based on therelationship of the mesiobuccal cusp of themaxillary first molar and the buccal grooveof the mandibular first molarbull If this molar relationship exists then the teethcan align into normal occlusion
bull Normal Occlusionbull The mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first
molar is aligned with the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar There is alignment of the teeth normal overbite and overjet and coincident maxillary and mandibular midlines
2- Transverse Dental Relationshipsbull Posterior Crossbites A Posterior Crossbite is present when
posterior teeth occlude in an abnormal buccolingual relation with the antagonistic teeth
1048707 Posterior Crossbites can be the result of either malposition of a tooth or teeth andor the skeleton1048707 Examining the transverse dimension allows us to evaluate the intermolar and intercanine widths and determine which arch is the offending unit1048707 Posterior crossbites can be unilateral or bilateral1048707 A Functional Crossbite results from an occlusal interference that requires the mandible to shift either anteriorly andor laterally in order to achieve maximum occlusion
Posterior Crossbite
3- Vertical Dental Relationships
Skeletal Pattern
bull Cephalometric AnalysisUsed to evaluate the relationships between theteeth soft tissue and the skeletonbull The Lateral Cephalometric Radiographgives the orthodontist a sagittal view of theskeletal dental and soft tissues An analysis canthen be performed by tracing or digitizing theradiograph and making the appropriatemeasurements
Skeletal Patterns
bull Cephalometric analysis reveal to the orthodontistthe skeletal component of the patientrsquos malocclusionWe can classify patients as a bull Class I Skeletal Patternbull Class II Skeletal Patternbull Class III Skeletal Patternbull These patterns often correspond with the AngleClassification but not necessarily all the timeUnderstanding the skeletal pattern is essential forchoosing the proper treatment mechanics
bull Hyperdivergent Skeletal Pattern A skeletal pattern that deviates from the norm inthat there is an excessive divergence of the skeletal planes (determined byThe analysis used) Characterized by a steep mandibular plane angle along anterior lower faceheight with open bite tendency lip incompetence and often associated withClass II malocclusion
bull Hypodivergent Skeletal Pattern1048707 A skeletal pattern in which the skeletal planesare more parallel to each otherbull Characterized by a lowmandibular plane angleshort lower facial heightand is often associatedwith Class II Division 2malocclusions
Prognathism bull Prognathism is a skeletal protrusionbull Bimaxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) ispresent when both jaws protrude forward of thenormal facial limitsbull Maxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) is presentwhen the maxilla protrudes forward of the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Prognathism (Protrusion) is whenthe mandible protrudes forward of the normallimits of the face
Retrognathism
bull Retrognathism is a skeletal retrusionbull Bimaxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when both jaws are posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Maxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the maxilla is posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the mandible is posterior to thenormal limits of the face
Dentoalveolar Protrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior
teeth are positioned forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior teeth of both jaws are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the maxillary anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the mandibular anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
Dentoalveolar Retrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Retrusion is present when theanterior teeth are posterior to the normal limits ofthe basal bonebull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of both jaws areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion is presentwhen the anterior teeth of the maxilla are posteriorto the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of the mandible areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bone
THANK YOU
Supernumerary teeth
1- Sagittal Dental Relationshipsbull Angle Classificationbull In 1890 Edward H Angle published the firstclassification of malocclusionbull The classifications are based on therelationship of the mesiobuccal cusp of themaxillary first molar and the buccal grooveof the mandibular first molarbull If this molar relationship exists then the teethcan align into normal occlusion
bull Normal Occlusionbull The mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first
molar is aligned with the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar There is alignment of the teeth normal overbite and overjet and coincident maxillary and mandibular midlines
2- Transverse Dental Relationshipsbull Posterior Crossbites A Posterior Crossbite is present when
posterior teeth occlude in an abnormal buccolingual relation with the antagonistic teeth
1048707 Posterior Crossbites can be the result of either malposition of a tooth or teeth andor the skeleton1048707 Examining the transverse dimension allows us to evaluate the intermolar and intercanine widths and determine which arch is the offending unit1048707 Posterior crossbites can be unilateral or bilateral1048707 A Functional Crossbite results from an occlusal interference that requires the mandible to shift either anteriorly andor laterally in order to achieve maximum occlusion
Posterior Crossbite
3- Vertical Dental Relationships
Skeletal Pattern
bull Cephalometric AnalysisUsed to evaluate the relationships between theteeth soft tissue and the skeletonbull The Lateral Cephalometric Radiographgives the orthodontist a sagittal view of theskeletal dental and soft tissues An analysis canthen be performed by tracing or digitizing theradiograph and making the appropriatemeasurements
Skeletal Patterns
bull Cephalometric analysis reveal to the orthodontistthe skeletal component of the patientrsquos malocclusionWe can classify patients as a bull Class I Skeletal Patternbull Class II Skeletal Patternbull Class III Skeletal Patternbull These patterns often correspond with the AngleClassification but not necessarily all the timeUnderstanding the skeletal pattern is essential forchoosing the proper treatment mechanics
bull Hyperdivergent Skeletal Pattern A skeletal pattern that deviates from the norm inthat there is an excessive divergence of the skeletal planes (determined byThe analysis used) Characterized by a steep mandibular plane angle along anterior lower faceheight with open bite tendency lip incompetence and often associated withClass II malocclusion
bull Hypodivergent Skeletal Pattern1048707 A skeletal pattern in which the skeletal planesare more parallel to each otherbull Characterized by a lowmandibular plane angleshort lower facial heightand is often associatedwith Class II Division 2malocclusions
Prognathism bull Prognathism is a skeletal protrusionbull Bimaxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) ispresent when both jaws protrude forward of thenormal facial limitsbull Maxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) is presentwhen the maxilla protrudes forward of the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Prognathism (Protrusion) is whenthe mandible protrudes forward of the normallimits of the face
Retrognathism
bull Retrognathism is a skeletal retrusionbull Bimaxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when both jaws are posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Maxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the maxilla is posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the mandible is posterior to thenormal limits of the face
Dentoalveolar Protrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior
teeth are positioned forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior teeth of both jaws are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the maxillary anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the mandibular anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
Dentoalveolar Retrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Retrusion is present when theanterior teeth are posterior to the normal limits ofthe basal bonebull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of both jaws areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion is presentwhen the anterior teeth of the maxilla are posteriorto the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of the mandible areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bone
THANK YOU
1- Sagittal Dental Relationshipsbull Angle Classificationbull In 1890 Edward H Angle published the firstclassification of malocclusionbull The classifications are based on therelationship of the mesiobuccal cusp of themaxillary first molar and the buccal grooveof the mandibular first molarbull If this molar relationship exists then the teethcan align into normal occlusion
bull Normal Occlusionbull The mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first
molar is aligned with the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar There is alignment of the teeth normal overbite and overjet and coincident maxillary and mandibular midlines
2- Transverse Dental Relationshipsbull Posterior Crossbites A Posterior Crossbite is present when
posterior teeth occlude in an abnormal buccolingual relation with the antagonistic teeth
1048707 Posterior Crossbites can be the result of either malposition of a tooth or teeth andor the skeleton1048707 Examining the transverse dimension allows us to evaluate the intermolar and intercanine widths and determine which arch is the offending unit1048707 Posterior crossbites can be unilateral or bilateral1048707 A Functional Crossbite results from an occlusal interference that requires the mandible to shift either anteriorly andor laterally in order to achieve maximum occlusion
Posterior Crossbite
3- Vertical Dental Relationships
Skeletal Pattern
bull Cephalometric AnalysisUsed to evaluate the relationships between theteeth soft tissue and the skeletonbull The Lateral Cephalometric Radiographgives the orthodontist a sagittal view of theskeletal dental and soft tissues An analysis canthen be performed by tracing or digitizing theradiograph and making the appropriatemeasurements
Skeletal Patterns
bull Cephalometric analysis reveal to the orthodontistthe skeletal component of the patientrsquos malocclusionWe can classify patients as a bull Class I Skeletal Patternbull Class II Skeletal Patternbull Class III Skeletal Patternbull These patterns often correspond with the AngleClassification but not necessarily all the timeUnderstanding the skeletal pattern is essential forchoosing the proper treatment mechanics
bull Hyperdivergent Skeletal Pattern A skeletal pattern that deviates from the norm inthat there is an excessive divergence of the skeletal planes (determined byThe analysis used) Characterized by a steep mandibular plane angle along anterior lower faceheight with open bite tendency lip incompetence and often associated withClass II malocclusion
bull Hypodivergent Skeletal Pattern1048707 A skeletal pattern in which the skeletal planesare more parallel to each otherbull Characterized by a lowmandibular plane angleshort lower facial heightand is often associatedwith Class II Division 2malocclusions
Prognathism bull Prognathism is a skeletal protrusionbull Bimaxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) ispresent when both jaws protrude forward of thenormal facial limitsbull Maxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) is presentwhen the maxilla protrudes forward of the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Prognathism (Protrusion) is whenthe mandible protrudes forward of the normallimits of the face
Retrognathism
bull Retrognathism is a skeletal retrusionbull Bimaxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when both jaws are posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Maxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the maxilla is posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the mandible is posterior to thenormal limits of the face
Dentoalveolar Protrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior
teeth are positioned forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior teeth of both jaws are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the maxillary anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the mandibular anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
Dentoalveolar Retrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Retrusion is present when theanterior teeth are posterior to the normal limits ofthe basal bonebull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of both jaws areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion is presentwhen the anterior teeth of the maxilla are posteriorto the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of the mandible areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bone
THANK YOU
bull Normal Occlusionbull The mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first
molar is aligned with the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar There is alignment of the teeth normal overbite and overjet and coincident maxillary and mandibular midlines
2- Transverse Dental Relationshipsbull Posterior Crossbites A Posterior Crossbite is present when
posterior teeth occlude in an abnormal buccolingual relation with the antagonistic teeth
1048707 Posterior Crossbites can be the result of either malposition of a tooth or teeth andor the skeleton1048707 Examining the transverse dimension allows us to evaluate the intermolar and intercanine widths and determine which arch is the offending unit1048707 Posterior crossbites can be unilateral or bilateral1048707 A Functional Crossbite results from an occlusal interference that requires the mandible to shift either anteriorly andor laterally in order to achieve maximum occlusion
Posterior Crossbite
3- Vertical Dental Relationships
Skeletal Pattern
bull Cephalometric AnalysisUsed to evaluate the relationships between theteeth soft tissue and the skeletonbull The Lateral Cephalometric Radiographgives the orthodontist a sagittal view of theskeletal dental and soft tissues An analysis canthen be performed by tracing or digitizing theradiograph and making the appropriatemeasurements
Skeletal Patterns
bull Cephalometric analysis reveal to the orthodontistthe skeletal component of the patientrsquos malocclusionWe can classify patients as a bull Class I Skeletal Patternbull Class II Skeletal Patternbull Class III Skeletal Patternbull These patterns often correspond with the AngleClassification but not necessarily all the timeUnderstanding the skeletal pattern is essential forchoosing the proper treatment mechanics
bull Hyperdivergent Skeletal Pattern A skeletal pattern that deviates from the norm inthat there is an excessive divergence of the skeletal planes (determined byThe analysis used) Characterized by a steep mandibular plane angle along anterior lower faceheight with open bite tendency lip incompetence and often associated withClass II malocclusion
bull Hypodivergent Skeletal Pattern1048707 A skeletal pattern in which the skeletal planesare more parallel to each otherbull Characterized by a lowmandibular plane angleshort lower facial heightand is often associatedwith Class II Division 2malocclusions
Prognathism bull Prognathism is a skeletal protrusionbull Bimaxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) ispresent when both jaws protrude forward of thenormal facial limitsbull Maxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) is presentwhen the maxilla protrudes forward of the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Prognathism (Protrusion) is whenthe mandible protrudes forward of the normallimits of the face
Retrognathism
bull Retrognathism is a skeletal retrusionbull Bimaxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when both jaws are posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Maxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the maxilla is posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the mandible is posterior to thenormal limits of the face
Dentoalveolar Protrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior
teeth are positioned forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior teeth of both jaws are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the maxillary anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the mandibular anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
Dentoalveolar Retrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Retrusion is present when theanterior teeth are posterior to the normal limits ofthe basal bonebull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of both jaws areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion is presentwhen the anterior teeth of the maxilla are posteriorto the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of the mandible areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bone
THANK YOU
2- Transverse Dental Relationshipsbull Posterior Crossbites A Posterior Crossbite is present when
posterior teeth occlude in an abnormal buccolingual relation with the antagonistic teeth
1048707 Posterior Crossbites can be the result of either malposition of a tooth or teeth andor the skeleton1048707 Examining the transverse dimension allows us to evaluate the intermolar and intercanine widths and determine which arch is the offending unit1048707 Posterior crossbites can be unilateral or bilateral1048707 A Functional Crossbite results from an occlusal interference that requires the mandible to shift either anteriorly andor laterally in order to achieve maximum occlusion
Posterior Crossbite
3- Vertical Dental Relationships
Skeletal Pattern
bull Cephalometric AnalysisUsed to evaluate the relationships between theteeth soft tissue and the skeletonbull The Lateral Cephalometric Radiographgives the orthodontist a sagittal view of theskeletal dental and soft tissues An analysis canthen be performed by tracing or digitizing theradiograph and making the appropriatemeasurements
Skeletal Patterns
bull Cephalometric analysis reveal to the orthodontistthe skeletal component of the patientrsquos malocclusionWe can classify patients as a bull Class I Skeletal Patternbull Class II Skeletal Patternbull Class III Skeletal Patternbull These patterns often correspond with the AngleClassification but not necessarily all the timeUnderstanding the skeletal pattern is essential forchoosing the proper treatment mechanics
bull Hyperdivergent Skeletal Pattern A skeletal pattern that deviates from the norm inthat there is an excessive divergence of the skeletal planes (determined byThe analysis used) Characterized by a steep mandibular plane angle along anterior lower faceheight with open bite tendency lip incompetence and often associated withClass II malocclusion
bull Hypodivergent Skeletal Pattern1048707 A skeletal pattern in which the skeletal planesare more parallel to each otherbull Characterized by a lowmandibular plane angleshort lower facial heightand is often associatedwith Class II Division 2malocclusions
Prognathism bull Prognathism is a skeletal protrusionbull Bimaxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) ispresent when both jaws protrude forward of thenormal facial limitsbull Maxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) is presentwhen the maxilla protrudes forward of the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Prognathism (Protrusion) is whenthe mandible protrudes forward of the normallimits of the face
Retrognathism
bull Retrognathism is a skeletal retrusionbull Bimaxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when both jaws are posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Maxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the maxilla is posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the mandible is posterior to thenormal limits of the face
Dentoalveolar Protrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior
teeth are positioned forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior teeth of both jaws are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the maxillary anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the mandibular anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
Dentoalveolar Retrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Retrusion is present when theanterior teeth are posterior to the normal limits ofthe basal bonebull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of both jaws areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion is presentwhen the anterior teeth of the maxilla are posteriorto the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of the mandible areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bone
THANK YOU
Posterior Crossbite
3- Vertical Dental Relationships
Skeletal Pattern
bull Cephalometric AnalysisUsed to evaluate the relationships between theteeth soft tissue and the skeletonbull The Lateral Cephalometric Radiographgives the orthodontist a sagittal view of theskeletal dental and soft tissues An analysis canthen be performed by tracing or digitizing theradiograph and making the appropriatemeasurements
Skeletal Patterns
bull Cephalometric analysis reveal to the orthodontistthe skeletal component of the patientrsquos malocclusionWe can classify patients as a bull Class I Skeletal Patternbull Class II Skeletal Patternbull Class III Skeletal Patternbull These patterns often correspond with the AngleClassification but not necessarily all the timeUnderstanding the skeletal pattern is essential forchoosing the proper treatment mechanics
bull Hyperdivergent Skeletal Pattern A skeletal pattern that deviates from the norm inthat there is an excessive divergence of the skeletal planes (determined byThe analysis used) Characterized by a steep mandibular plane angle along anterior lower faceheight with open bite tendency lip incompetence and often associated withClass II malocclusion
bull Hypodivergent Skeletal Pattern1048707 A skeletal pattern in which the skeletal planesare more parallel to each otherbull Characterized by a lowmandibular plane angleshort lower facial heightand is often associatedwith Class II Division 2malocclusions
Prognathism bull Prognathism is a skeletal protrusionbull Bimaxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) ispresent when both jaws protrude forward of thenormal facial limitsbull Maxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) is presentwhen the maxilla protrudes forward of the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Prognathism (Protrusion) is whenthe mandible protrudes forward of the normallimits of the face
Retrognathism
bull Retrognathism is a skeletal retrusionbull Bimaxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when both jaws are posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Maxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the maxilla is posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the mandible is posterior to thenormal limits of the face
Dentoalveolar Protrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior
teeth are positioned forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior teeth of both jaws are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the maxillary anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the mandibular anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
Dentoalveolar Retrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Retrusion is present when theanterior teeth are posterior to the normal limits ofthe basal bonebull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of both jaws areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion is presentwhen the anterior teeth of the maxilla are posteriorto the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of the mandible areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bone
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3- Vertical Dental Relationships
Skeletal Pattern
bull Cephalometric AnalysisUsed to evaluate the relationships between theteeth soft tissue and the skeletonbull The Lateral Cephalometric Radiographgives the orthodontist a sagittal view of theskeletal dental and soft tissues An analysis canthen be performed by tracing or digitizing theradiograph and making the appropriatemeasurements
Skeletal Patterns
bull Cephalometric analysis reveal to the orthodontistthe skeletal component of the patientrsquos malocclusionWe can classify patients as a bull Class I Skeletal Patternbull Class II Skeletal Patternbull Class III Skeletal Patternbull These patterns often correspond with the AngleClassification but not necessarily all the timeUnderstanding the skeletal pattern is essential forchoosing the proper treatment mechanics
bull Hyperdivergent Skeletal Pattern A skeletal pattern that deviates from the norm inthat there is an excessive divergence of the skeletal planes (determined byThe analysis used) Characterized by a steep mandibular plane angle along anterior lower faceheight with open bite tendency lip incompetence and often associated withClass II malocclusion
bull Hypodivergent Skeletal Pattern1048707 A skeletal pattern in which the skeletal planesare more parallel to each otherbull Characterized by a lowmandibular plane angleshort lower facial heightand is often associatedwith Class II Division 2malocclusions
Prognathism bull Prognathism is a skeletal protrusionbull Bimaxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) ispresent when both jaws protrude forward of thenormal facial limitsbull Maxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) is presentwhen the maxilla protrudes forward of the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Prognathism (Protrusion) is whenthe mandible protrudes forward of the normallimits of the face
Retrognathism
bull Retrognathism is a skeletal retrusionbull Bimaxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when both jaws are posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Maxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the maxilla is posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the mandible is posterior to thenormal limits of the face
Dentoalveolar Protrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior
teeth are positioned forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior teeth of both jaws are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the maxillary anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the mandibular anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
Dentoalveolar Retrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Retrusion is present when theanterior teeth are posterior to the normal limits ofthe basal bonebull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of both jaws areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion is presentwhen the anterior teeth of the maxilla are posteriorto the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of the mandible areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bone
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Skeletal Pattern
bull Cephalometric AnalysisUsed to evaluate the relationships between theteeth soft tissue and the skeletonbull The Lateral Cephalometric Radiographgives the orthodontist a sagittal view of theskeletal dental and soft tissues An analysis canthen be performed by tracing or digitizing theradiograph and making the appropriatemeasurements
Skeletal Patterns
bull Cephalometric analysis reveal to the orthodontistthe skeletal component of the patientrsquos malocclusionWe can classify patients as a bull Class I Skeletal Patternbull Class II Skeletal Patternbull Class III Skeletal Patternbull These patterns often correspond with the AngleClassification but not necessarily all the timeUnderstanding the skeletal pattern is essential forchoosing the proper treatment mechanics
bull Hyperdivergent Skeletal Pattern A skeletal pattern that deviates from the norm inthat there is an excessive divergence of the skeletal planes (determined byThe analysis used) Characterized by a steep mandibular plane angle along anterior lower faceheight with open bite tendency lip incompetence and often associated withClass II malocclusion
bull Hypodivergent Skeletal Pattern1048707 A skeletal pattern in which the skeletal planesare more parallel to each otherbull Characterized by a lowmandibular plane angleshort lower facial heightand is often associatedwith Class II Division 2malocclusions
Prognathism bull Prognathism is a skeletal protrusionbull Bimaxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) ispresent when both jaws protrude forward of thenormal facial limitsbull Maxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) is presentwhen the maxilla protrudes forward of the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Prognathism (Protrusion) is whenthe mandible protrudes forward of the normallimits of the face
Retrognathism
bull Retrognathism is a skeletal retrusionbull Bimaxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when both jaws are posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Maxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the maxilla is posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the mandible is posterior to thenormal limits of the face
Dentoalveolar Protrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior
teeth are positioned forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior teeth of both jaws are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the maxillary anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the mandibular anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
Dentoalveolar Retrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Retrusion is present when theanterior teeth are posterior to the normal limits ofthe basal bonebull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of both jaws areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion is presentwhen the anterior teeth of the maxilla are posteriorto the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of the mandible areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bone
THANK YOU
Skeletal Patterns
bull Cephalometric analysis reveal to the orthodontistthe skeletal component of the patientrsquos malocclusionWe can classify patients as a bull Class I Skeletal Patternbull Class II Skeletal Patternbull Class III Skeletal Patternbull These patterns often correspond with the AngleClassification but not necessarily all the timeUnderstanding the skeletal pattern is essential forchoosing the proper treatment mechanics
bull Hyperdivergent Skeletal Pattern A skeletal pattern that deviates from the norm inthat there is an excessive divergence of the skeletal planes (determined byThe analysis used) Characterized by a steep mandibular plane angle along anterior lower faceheight with open bite tendency lip incompetence and often associated withClass II malocclusion
bull Hypodivergent Skeletal Pattern1048707 A skeletal pattern in which the skeletal planesare more parallel to each otherbull Characterized by a lowmandibular plane angleshort lower facial heightand is often associatedwith Class II Division 2malocclusions
Prognathism bull Prognathism is a skeletal protrusionbull Bimaxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) ispresent when both jaws protrude forward of thenormal facial limitsbull Maxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) is presentwhen the maxilla protrudes forward of the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Prognathism (Protrusion) is whenthe mandible protrudes forward of the normallimits of the face
Retrognathism
bull Retrognathism is a skeletal retrusionbull Bimaxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when both jaws are posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Maxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the maxilla is posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the mandible is posterior to thenormal limits of the face
Dentoalveolar Protrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior
teeth are positioned forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior teeth of both jaws are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the maxillary anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the mandibular anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
Dentoalveolar Retrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Retrusion is present when theanterior teeth are posterior to the normal limits ofthe basal bonebull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of both jaws areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion is presentwhen the anterior teeth of the maxilla are posteriorto the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of the mandible areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bone
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bull Hyperdivergent Skeletal Pattern A skeletal pattern that deviates from the norm inthat there is an excessive divergence of the skeletal planes (determined byThe analysis used) Characterized by a steep mandibular plane angle along anterior lower faceheight with open bite tendency lip incompetence and often associated withClass II malocclusion
bull Hypodivergent Skeletal Pattern1048707 A skeletal pattern in which the skeletal planesare more parallel to each otherbull Characterized by a lowmandibular plane angleshort lower facial heightand is often associatedwith Class II Division 2malocclusions
Prognathism bull Prognathism is a skeletal protrusionbull Bimaxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) ispresent when both jaws protrude forward of thenormal facial limitsbull Maxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) is presentwhen the maxilla protrudes forward of the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Prognathism (Protrusion) is whenthe mandible protrudes forward of the normallimits of the face
Retrognathism
bull Retrognathism is a skeletal retrusionbull Bimaxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when both jaws are posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Maxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the maxilla is posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the mandible is posterior to thenormal limits of the face
Dentoalveolar Protrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior
teeth are positioned forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior teeth of both jaws are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the maxillary anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the mandibular anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
Dentoalveolar Retrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Retrusion is present when theanterior teeth are posterior to the normal limits ofthe basal bonebull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of both jaws areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion is presentwhen the anterior teeth of the maxilla are posteriorto the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of the mandible areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bone
THANK YOU
bull Hypodivergent Skeletal Pattern1048707 A skeletal pattern in which the skeletal planesare more parallel to each otherbull Characterized by a lowmandibular plane angleshort lower facial heightand is often associatedwith Class II Division 2malocclusions
Prognathism bull Prognathism is a skeletal protrusionbull Bimaxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) ispresent when both jaws protrude forward of thenormal facial limitsbull Maxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) is presentwhen the maxilla protrudes forward of the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Prognathism (Protrusion) is whenthe mandible protrudes forward of the normallimits of the face
Retrognathism
bull Retrognathism is a skeletal retrusionbull Bimaxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when both jaws are posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Maxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the maxilla is posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the mandible is posterior to thenormal limits of the face
Dentoalveolar Protrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior
teeth are positioned forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior teeth of both jaws are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the maxillary anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the mandibular anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
Dentoalveolar Retrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Retrusion is present when theanterior teeth are posterior to the normal limits ofthe basal bonebull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of both jaws areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion is presentwhen the anterior teeth of the maxilla are posteriorto the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of the mandible areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bone
THANK YOU
Prognathism bull Prognathism is a skeletal protrusionbull Bimaxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) ispresent when both jaws protrude forward of thenormal facial limitsbull Maxillary Prognathism (Protrusion) is presentwhen the maxilla protrudes forward of the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Prognathism (Protrusion) is whenthe mandible protrudes forward of the normallimits of the face
Retrognathism
bull Retrognathism is a skeletal retrusionbull Bimaxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when both jaws are posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Maxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the maxilla is posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the mandible is posterior to thenormal limits of the face
Dentoalveolar Protrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior
teeth are positioned forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior teeth of both jaws are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the maxillary anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the mandibular anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
Dentoalveolar Retrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Retrusion is present when theanterior teeth are posterior to the normal limits ofthe basal bonebull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of both jaws areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion is presentwhen the anterior teeth of the maxilla are posteriorto the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of the mandible areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bone
THANK YOU
Retrognathism
bull Retrognathism is a skeletal retrusionbull Bimaxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when both jaws are posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Maxillary Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the maxilla is posterior to the normallimits of the facebull Mandibular Retrognathism (Retrusion) ispresent when the mandible is posterior to thenormal limits of the face
Dentoalveolar Protrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior
teeth are positioned forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior teeth of both jaws are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the maxillary anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the mandibular anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
Dentoalveolar Retrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Retrusion is present when theanterior teeth are posterior to the normal limits ofthe basal bonebull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of both jaws areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion is presentwhen the anterior teeth of the maxilla are posteriorto the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of the mandible areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bone
THANK YOU
Dentoalveolar Protrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior
teeth are positioned forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the anterior teeth of both jaws are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the maxillary anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
bull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Protrusion is present when the mandibular anterior teeth are forward of the normal limits of the basal bone
Dentoalveolar Retrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Retrusion is present when theanterior teeth are posterior to the normal limits ofthe basal bonebull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of both jaws areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion is presentwhen the anterior teeth of the maxilla are posteriorto the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of the mandible areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bone
THANK YOU
Dentoalveolar Retrusionbull 1048707 Dentoalveolar Retrusion is present when theanterior teeth are posterior to the normal limits ofthe basal bonebull 1048707 Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of both jaws areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Maxillary Dentoalveolar Retrusion is presentwhen the anterior teeth of the maxilla are posteriorto the normal limits of the basal bonebull 1048707 Mandibular Dentoalveolar Retrusion ispresent when the anterior teeth of the mandible areposterior to the normal limits of the basal bone
THANK YOU
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