CLASSIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTED ENTITY

DEPTH CLASSI FICATION, 30

Till now classification schemes have been confining them-selves largely to entities in normal environmental condi-tions. But literary warrant has begun to grow in respect ofentities'habitually in Orbeing brought into abnormal environ-mental conditions. Efficiency in pin-pointed documentationservice and depth classification calls for abnormally environ-.mented entities to constitute isolates to be provided with dis-tinctive isolate numbers. Experiments were made in meetingthis problem by Phase Device and Facet Device. These didnot give helpful results. _The fact that an EnvironmentedEntity is a (W) and not a (W) led to the final solution that itshould be accommodated in zone 4 of Array of Order 1 in[1P1]. To prevent formation of hornonyrne , Subject Devicehad to be differentiated from Environment Device by the in-sertion of .0. (Zero) immediately after the starter bracket.This device opens up a vast vista for investigation which willhelp enrichment of all analytico-synthetic schemes suchasCC and UDC. The construction of a comprehensive scheduleof numbers by Environment Device should be taken on handfor the natural sciences and social sciences.

o CASES FOR STUDY

Micro documents of the kind where theCanons of Expressiveness and of Helpfulnesscall for representation, in the class numbers,of the special, environm ental conditions inwhich an Entity is studied, have begun toemerge. Samples of such micro documentsare given below:

1 JENNINGS (L. D. ) etc. Heat capacity~f Terbium from 15 to 3500 K. J chernPhys 27, 1957, 909-13.Lambda anomaly with peak at 227. 7°K

Dee 1958 V 5 N 4

S. R. RAN G A N A T H A N

and an additional anomalous regionnear 3200 K.

Note: Terbium 227. 7°K to 3200K isthe environmented entity. The focusfor environmental device is 227.7° Kto 3200K.

2 RAYNE (J. A.).brasses below1957, 22-25.

Heat capacity of alpha4.2° K. Phys Rev 108,

Note: Irid ividu a l is at ion of alpha brassis to be done in zone 2, but it must beamplified by environment device todenote 4. 2°K.

3 YASYDA (1.) and YOKOYAMA (N.). Re-search on the planting in spring ofbulbs normally planted in the autumn.Sci rep, Fac Agric Okayama Univ 1957,N 10, 51-66. Tulip bulb and daffodilreacted unfavourably. There was adifference of 30 days in the time offlowering.

Note: Here bulbs normally planted inautumn is the environmented entity.The focus for environment device isAutumn; or is it the intra-facetedAutumn-Spring?

4 COTT LE (W. H.) and CARLSON (L. D. ).Regulation of heat production in cold-

113

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adapted rats. Proc Soc Exp BioI Med92, 1956, 845 -49.Only cold-adapted rats could increaseheat-production sufficiently to main-tain body-temperature as the testchamber was cooled.

5

Note: Cold-adapted rat is the environ-mented entity. Cold is the focus to beused for the environment device.

HORTON (D.) and WOHL (R. R.). Masscommunication and parasocial inter-action. Psychiatry 19, 1956, 215-29.Relationship between spectator and pe r-former, seemingly face to face,. inmass media is designated as a para-social environment.

Note: Para-social group is the environ-mented entity. Pa r a-e oc ia.I is the focusto be used for the environment device.

They are still few and far between. Avolume of each of three abstracting periodicalshad to be scanned through many entries beforethe above-mentioned five documents could bespot out. However, there is every indication

that literary warrant is tending to increase toan appreciable extent. The co-extensive andexpressive classification of these documentshas not been attempted in this paper as thenecessary investigation has not yet been madeto enable the establishment of the schedule forEnvironment Device. The purpose of thispaper is only to lay bare the existence of theproblems of Environmented Entities, and to dosome loud thinking in facing the problems andto call for research in this area.

1 INTRODUCTION

11 Ecology

No entity can escape reaction to and ofenvironment. The total reaction to the wholeenvironment has been studied for long in thecase of living organisms. The field of thisstudy is denoted by the term "E,cology". Thisterm covers the technique as well as the re-sults of study. Every scheme of classificationhas provided a place for it. The following tableillustrates it:

Ecology in CC BC UDC

Biology G:5 EL 577.4Botany 1:5 FF 581. 5

Zoology K:5 GG 591. 5

Medicine L:5 HI 614Sociology Y:95 KTA 30:577.4

In CC, the distinctive digit in the isolate num-ber is 5. The whole isolate number may be 5,or 95, or 995 etc. according to the context ofthe host Basic Class.

12 Technique of EcologicalStudy

In the physical sciences, study is usuallyconfined to the -ecology" of an entity in re-

lation to one element in the environment, at atime. For example, we have the study of con-duction, convection, contraction, elongation,chemical action, etc. These isolates oftenlay emphasis on methodology and techniquesin the pure sciences of physics and chemistry.Of late, a considerable literary warrant isgetting created in regard to the technique ofcreating and maintaining abno rmal conditionsin physical environment and studying entitiesin such environment. For example, we have

Physics CC BC UDC

High pressureLow temperatureHigh potential

C9B78C9DiC9F8

BGEBHN

539.893536.48530.19

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CLASSIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTED ENTITY

In CC, subjects like these are called "Specials ",The array of isolates of Specials is usuallytelescoped into the array of isolates of [1P1]i,e. First Round, First Level Personality. TheSpecials are accommodated in the penultimateoctave of zone 3 of that array.

13 Application andits Results

It is helpful to accommodate the appli-cation of the techniques to a particularentity or class of ent.ities and the re sultsthereof, in the class to which the entitybelongs. Normally, the literary warrantof the past was mostly confined to the appl i-cat ion of the techniques to the study of anentity lying within an environment of normalkind- such as normal temperature and pres-sure (NTP) in physic s, normal field factorsin psychology, normal social factors in edu-cation, familiar political conditions, normalsocial pattern among or within social groups,

and so on. There is also SOITIE: literarywarrant in regard to the techniques and theirapplications to the study of an entity normallyliving within an environment of an abnormalkind, such as deep-sea animals, she r pa sacclimatised to Everest conditions, andsocial groups living in a state of prolongedtension.

14 Normally AbnormalEnvironment

Some provision has been made in mostschemes for giving a distinctive place fordocuments dealing with entities whose nor-mal environment is abnormal as viewedfrom the angle of the environment to whichmankind is generally accustomed.

141 Biological Sciences

Literary warrant in biology, botany andzoology has already led to such a position.

Isolate Term CC BC UDC

Ecological groups (illustra-tive)

Land organismsSubterraneanDesertHydro biologyMarine biologyAtmospheric organism

G951G9511G9512G955G9555G958

EMJ 577.47

EMNEMPEMT

577.476577.476(24)577.476(252.33)577.472577.472(26)577.471

142 Sociology

Literary warrant in sociology has alreadyled to such a provision.

143 Methodology in CC

The methodology used in CC is that of quasi-isolates. Quasi-isolate is a characteristic other

than the favoured first characteristic tor divi-sion, which is used to arrive at regular isolates 0

In the biological sciences, quasi-isolates areaccommodated in the second octave of zone 2.Thus we have "G95 Ecological groups". Insociology, quasi-isolates are accommodated inthe first octave of zone 2. Thus we have "Y 3Groups by residence".

Isolate Term CC UDCBC

By residenceRuralCityRefugee

Y3YHY35Y394

KCI to KCLKCKKCIQYV

301.185.2301. 185. 2(-202)301. 185.2(-201)301- 058.53

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RANGANATHAN

15 Err.ergence of NewConcepts

Of late, literary warrant has begun toemerge in the study of an entity placed in anenvironment abnormal..et it. The object ofthis study is to invite attention to the classi-ficatory problem arising out of this new liFt!-ary warrant. As usual, this problem did nottake a recognisable shape in the early stages.Therefore, such newly emerging documentshad been placed provisionally either with eco-logical groups as shown in 141 and 142 or ingeneral ecological studies pertaining to theMain Class of the entities. In doing this, therehas always been a slight sense of uneasinessfor the classifier and unhelpfulness for thereader. The time has come to study the prob-lem objectively and to find out methods ofseparating the two classes of literature. It isonly by their separation that the efficiency ofpin-pointed documentation service and of thedepth classification needed for it can be in-creased. This separation is precipitated bydefining "Environmented Entity" as a newconcept in the theory of classification.

2 ENVIRONMENTED ENTITY

21 Case Study

The approach to this problem begins withthe assumption that the attributes of an entitymay vary with its environment. Its behaviourtoo varies with it. For example, the physical,state of any piece of matter varies with thetemperature and pressure amidst which itexists. Pressure and other factors being nor-mal, oxygen is in a gaseous state at normaltemperature; it is a liquid at 119·C; and it isa solid at 219·C. So also, iron is a solid atnormal temperature; it is a liquid at 1535·C;and it is in a gaseous state at 3000·C. Thephenomenon of liS uperfluidity" and other "oddbehaviour" of a substance in near-absolutezero in temperature has been brought to noticeby Low Temperature Physics. So also, the dis-integration phenomenon at solar and super-solartemperature is now being studied. The beh av ;iour of the body of a living organism depends-ori the pressure at which it exists. A deep-seaanimal, accustomed to the high pressure of itsnormal environment, is ill at ease when brought

116

to the surface; its body may even burst by itsinternal pressure not being counteracted by theexter-nal pressure. On the contrary it needsconsiderable training and safeguard for a personto wo r k as a Io r g c rna n , The abnormality in thefunctioning of the bodily organs and of the mindas one climbs up to Mount Everest are tracedto the abnormality in several environmentalfactors such as temperature, pressure and ox y-gen-content of the atmosphere. "Fish out ofwater" and "Drowning man" are popular phrasesused to indicate behaviour in severely unfamiliarenvironment. "Aviation medicine" in essenceconnotes the attributes and the behaviour of thehuman body in the environment characterisedby abnormal speed of translation, and frequencyof spinning, and bumping. The system of psy-chology known as "Field psychology" seeks toexplain mental attributes in terms of thefactors of the total environment. Rousseau'sEmile is a study of education in a theoreticallyconceived environment. Indeed, "Nature vsEnvironment" is an inexhaustible theme forstudy. Apart from physical entities, livingorganisms and persons, even in the case of asocial group, attributes and behaviour varynot only with the physical and the biologicalcharacter of its environment, but also with itspsychological and sociological character. In-deed, we speak of "forest c ivi lisat io n ", "rivervalley c iv il i sat io rr'", "desert c ivilisation".

22 Statement of theProblem

For brevity, an entity whose attributes andbehaviour are studied while within an abnormalenvironment, which is not normal to it, shallbe called "Environmented Entity". The pr ob Ie mis:

I to find a helpful place for an "Environ-mented Entity" belonging to any hostclass; and

2 -to provide an isolate number for the"Environmented Entity" which willimplement the decision about its place.

3 IDEA PLANE

Finding a helpful place for an environmen-ted entity calls for work in the idea plane. In

An lib sc

CLASSIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTED ENTITY

this work, the concept of (W) (Whole) and (W)(not Whole) will be of use.

31 Whole Entity

(W) denotes any entity taken as a whole inthe unive r se to be cla s sified. In cla s sifyingthe universe on the basis of a relevant charac-teristic' we arrive at a set of subclasses. Letus call each such subclass a Subclass of Order1. In classifying a Subclass of Order 1 on thebasis of another relevant characteristics, weget a set of Subclasses of Order 2. By repeat-ing this sufficiently often, a stage will bel'eached when no further subdivision yieldingsubclasses of Whole entities will be possible.divided successively on the basis of a chain ofcharacteristics such as user, size, and brand.At the end of such a chain, the cycle s in a sub,class will be all alike and no further classifi-cation will be possible. We regard the cycleas a whole as a manifestation of the fundamen-tal category Personality.

32 Organ of Entity

Further subdivision will only give sub-classes made of organs of different kinds ofthe typical entity of the subclass being sub-divided. These organs a r e, obviously, (\V).It goes into the make-up of the distinctivepersonality of the entity. Generally speaking,the organs of one type of entity differ fromthose of any other type of entity. For example;a Hind Cycle will have its wheels, free-Wheel,frame, gear, etc. as its organs. By repeat-ing this classification into organs, suborgansetc. sufficiently often, a stage will be reachedwhen further subdivision yielding subclasses oforgan will not be possible. For example, thesubclass of spokes of the wheels of cycles can-not be further subdivided, on the basis of or-gans. Each of the organs may itself be regar-ded as a manife station of the fundamental cate-gory Personality. The whole entity is said tobe [Pi] or a personality of level 1. An organof the first remove is a [P2] or a personalityof level 2, and so on.

33 Constituent of Entity

Further subdivision will only give sub-classes made of materials of different kinds

Dee 1958 V 5 N 4

out of which the entity as a whole or anyorgan of it is built up. For example, thespokes may be made of steel and some othermaterials. Steel is not an organ of thespokes. It is only a material con s t itu eat ofthem. We regard materials in such a con-text as a manifestation of the fundamentalcategory Matter.

34 Arrays and Facets

In the idea plane, we regard the subclassesformed of materials to constitute a [M] orMatter Facet. The subclasses formed of theMatter of first remove are said to constitutea Ip2] or Personality Facet of Level 2. Thesubclasses f6rmed of the' organs of secondremove are said to constitute a [P3] or Per-sonality Facet of Level 3. And so on. Thesubclass formed of wholes are said to consti-tute a[PlJ or Personality Facet of Levell.In this facet, the subclasses of first removefrom the original i. e. total universe of theentities, are said to constitute the Array ofOrder 1. The subclasses of first removefrom an isolate in the Array of Order 1 aresaid to constitute an Array of Order 2. Andso on. Thus any isolate, which is a (W) be-longs to [PI]. It may occur as an isolate inthe Array of Order 1, or in an Array ofOrder 2, or in an Array of Order 3, and soon.

35 Status of EnvironmentedEntity

The status of an isolate comprehendingEnvironmented Entities with one and thesame kind of environment is determined bythe fact that it consists of Wholes. Thismeans that it is an is ol.at e in PI Eventhere, it belong s to Array of Order 1.

36 What Zone inthe Array?

The next issue to be decided is "To what.zone of the array should an environmentedisolate be assigned?" Even before zone analy-sis was made for the first time, the sheerpressure of literary warrant had led to a cer-

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tain practice, which rn o r e or less c onf or-m s tothe theory now being developed. This is dis-cussed in detail in Rang ana.than ' s Depth Classi-fication. 17. Efficiency table (An lib sc , 1,1954, 8) and in Ranganathan's ProlegoITlena to

library classification, ed 2, 1957, s ec 362-368. The conclusion was s urnrna r is ad in 1957in Report 7 to FlD/CA. The following versionof it will be of help in dealing with env i.ronrn en-ted erit it ie s.

Zone Octave Sector Nature of the Isolates AccoITlITlodated

12

12

2 2 3

234

P e nu lt irn at eLast

45

COITlITlonisolatesSpecial isolates by enurne r at ion on

the basis of preferred firstcharacteristic

Special quasi-isolates, i. e. charac-teristics th ern s e lv e s by enurneration

Specials by enurn e r at ionSy ste m s by alphabetical deviceCOITlITlonisolates by subject device

37 Agriculture andMedicine

Literary warrant calling for eriv ir onrn errtedisolate s has developed in recent year s in SOITlern a in classes, .such as Agriculture and Medi-cine. Before the theory in this paper was de-veloped, there was no guiding principle toac c orrrm odat e this class of literature. Theywere therefore a cc om.m odate d in sector 4.But the pre sentation of Specials and Environ-rn.ent ed Entities in one and the sarn e sectorhas been sorn ewh at irritating. In spite of theirritation, failure in the notational plane per-petuated such a pre sentation. The failur e innotation mad e difficult progress of work inthe idea plane also. For example, the defini-tion of the term "Specials" was not sufficientlysharp. The isolation of "EnvironITlented Entity"as a distinct concept was itself delayed. Nowthat the isolation has been made in the ideaplane, the notational plane has been obliged toIrnpl em ent it. This pressure of the ideaplane has made the notational plane yield ahelpful result.

4 NOTATIONAL PLANE41 Zone 4

The pressure of literary warrant in regardto the isolates a.c c orn rn odat ed in sectors 1 to 5is sufficiently great to deter us from disturbing

118

the use to which they have been put. Thisleads to the consideration of zone 4 as a possi-ble region for the settlement, of EnviromnentedEntities. There is a certain appropriateness indoing so. For, the factors of env i.ronrn ent bywhich an entity is env ir onrne rrted can be manyin nurnbe r , Therefore, it rn ay be helpful todenote that factor in the verbal plane and torepre sent it in the notational plane by SubjectDevice. This factor also will favour the pla-cing of Errvi r onment ed Entities in zone 4.

42 Errv ir onm ent Device

The use of packeted notation for Environ-mented Entity as well as for division by Sub-ject Device qua Subject Device may theoreti-cally land one in hOITlonYITl- a serious faultto be avoided in classificatory knowledge.But, it looks as if this conflict rrray not arisein practice. However, by way of abundantcaution, it is proposed to signify that apacketed nurnb er is number for environmen-tedness by inserting a 0 (zero) irnrrie di at elyafter the starter bracket. The use of apacketed number with 0 (zero) as the fir stdigit after the starter bracket will be calledEnvironmented Device.

43 Exercise of Freedom

We need not always use Subject Device forindicating env i r onrneat edne s s in all cases.

An lib sc

CLASSIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTED ENTITY

We can adopt the Favoured Category Principleand enumerate the cases with considerable liter-ary warrant. This will lead to over-all economyin notation. But we should insert a 0 (zero) as

an indicator digitirnmediately after the starterbracket, as the digits a, b, c ... x , y, z canocc ur as the first digit in a pa ck e t ed numberusing Subject Device qua Subject Device.

44 Examples

Isolate Term CC CC BC UDCOld Proposed .

Dry farming J9D J(od) UADR 631. 586Soilless farrning J9S J( os) UAVR 631.587.2Polar medicine L9J L(op) HPVP 616(98/99)Tropical medicine L9H L(ot) HPZ 616(213)Aviation medicine L9T L(oD53) HPVM 613.693

or L(oa)War medicine L9V L(oMV4) 613.693

or L(ow)Industrial medicine L9X L(oM) HPVC 613.6Industrial rnedicine

613.6:677(textiles) L9X9M7 L(oM7)Industrial medicine

613.6:677.3(wool textiles) L9XgM72 L(oM7Z)Indus trial" medic ine

L(oMD 13) 613.6:693.2(brick-laying) L9X9MD13

45 Enumeration ~Device

Alternative CC numbers are shownagainst Aviation Medicine and War Medi-cine, just to point out the procedure to befollowed in the case of a new subject of thenature under consideration. Until a shortisolate nurnb e , is given in an enumeratedschedule, a classifier can construct hisown number by Subject Device. The numbergot by enumeration will be shorter than theone got by Subject Device. But it will takeaway the autonomy of the classifier. Forthis reason, the over-all authority in chargeof the development and the maintenance ofa scheme of classification should providean enumerated schedule only in case s whichhave accumulated much of literary warrant.This is of course to be the general attitudein all cases involving the issue Enumeration~ Device.

Dee 1958 V.5 N 4

46 Sector 6

Zero occupies the first place in the ordi-nal sequence of digits used in the notationalsystem of CC. Therefore a packeted numberused in Environment Device will have prece-dence over any other packeted number.Therefore, normally the sector of an Array,got by Environment Device, will be sector 6.

47 Follow-up Work

The old CC numbers given in the table insection 44, are to be discarded, as it is nowpos sible to distinguish a special from an En-vironmented Entity. It is necessary to scanall the existing schedules of Specials fromthis angle and transfer every EnvironmentedEntity included in them from the sector 4,i,e. the Penultimate Octave of zone 2, tosector 6, i,e. the first octave of zone 4.

119

RANGANATHAN

5 ADDITION OF A NEWDIMENSION

The decision arrived at in the idea planeand the method prescribed for implementingit in the notational plane are expected togive a more helpful sequence than hitherto-fore. The use of the Subject Device in theconstruction of number by Environment De-vice gives great Hospitality in Array. Infact, a new dimension has been added. Thiswill enable us to carry depth clas sificationto a deeper level and to provide co-extensivenumbers in an ever-expanding group of sub-jects. The clarification of the differencebetween "Specials" and "EnvironmentedEntities" is another incidental advantage.

6 FIRST AFFROXIMATION

In the fir st attempt to meet this prob-lem, the help of F'ha s e Relation and FhasedClass Number was sought. The phase rela-tion was taken to be that of Influence. Forexample,

Industrial medicineAviation medicineTropical medicine

LOgMLOgD53LOgU.192

But it has been felt all along that the effectof environment is more intimate than theloose or vague implication involved inFhase Relation. It is this feeling- particu-larly keeping that feeling alive withoutsuppre s sion - that has led utlimately to theconcept of Environmented Entities and En-vironment Device.

7 SECOND APFROXIMATION

The second attempt to meet the problemwas to make the environment a Facet. Itwas difficult to decide the fundamental cate-gory of which it can be taken to be a manifes-tation. That it was not Time, Space, or Energywas obvious. Of the remaining two fundamentalcategorie s , Fer sonality was ruled out, becauseenvironment is not an organ of the entity en-vironmented. It was finally decided to take

120

environment to be a manifestation of Matter.But it was not happy. This was the feeling inthe idea plane. The notational plane came tohelp at this stage. It gave a warning againsttaking away any of the sectors or zones in theMatter Array of Order other than the first, forany use other than the enumeration of Isolatesof Matter qua Matter. It has been stated insection 2 of my Report 7 to FID/CA of 1957,which was on the Classification of commodi-ties and services, that the number of isolatesto be accommodated in the Matter Array ofOrder I is unusually large. It is too large 'tobe managed even by Group Notation with a res-tricted base. It was estimated in section 23of that Report that, by using all the sectorsfrom the second onwards- those belonging tozones 2 to 4- the number of isolate numbersavailable was of the order of 100

• All theseplaces have to be reserved for enumeration ofCommodities and Services.

8 FINAL SOLUTION

The resistance - vague from the idea planeand definite from the notational plane - led toa more careful e xarn iriat ion of the st a.tu s ofan Environmented Entity. As showin in sec-tion 3, the concept of (W) and (W), was applied.This showed that an Envir onmented Entity isa (W) and should therefore be accommodatedby improvising a New Array if need be, butnot by a New Facet. Having decided this, itcame to mind that the Array of Order 1 in[lFl] - that is the First Round, First LevelFer soria l it y Facet - was already a TelescopedArray and that the Array of EnvironmentalEntities should be telescoped along with theArrays of Systems, of Specials, and of thenormal Array of E'nu m er a te d Isolates of [IF I] .

81 Favoured Environment

No entity can at any moment be un-e nv i.ron-rn ent ed , This itnplies that the isolate numberfor every entity should have a part got byEnvironment Device. But this can he madeunnecessary by a convention in the case ofthe environment which has or likely to havethe largest literary warrant in any givencontext. The convention is to omit in theisolate number the part pertaining to en-

An lib sc

CLASSIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENT ED ENTITY

vir onm ent in such a case. There is a prece-dence for it. In S. Parthasarathy's paperIIDiffuse treatment of systems and specials"{Optional facets 16 in the Annals part ofAbgila 3, 1953, 7-10), it has been decidedto omit the digit (s) for indicating Sy sternsin the case of the Favoured System. TheSystem with the largest literary warrantis called the Favoured System. The classnumber of the exposition of a Basic Classaccording to the Favoured System, is notloaded with System Number. This has beenexplained in Ranganathan' s Prolegomena tolibrary clas sificatio.£t ed 2, 1957, Sec36711. Similarly we can speak of FavouredEnvironment and omit the part pertainingto environment in theisolate number of a Fa-vour ed-E'nvdz-onrne nted Entity. Thus therewill not be need to apply the EnvironmentDevice in the majority of Documents, parti-cularly in books.

82 Work to be Done

-Environmented Entityn is a helpful con-cept. It is nec e s sa r y in depth classification.The Enviroriment Device described in thisreport will give helpful results in docurrie rr-

tation work and documentation service. Thisdevice opens up a vast vista for investigation.The Environments Numbers used in the ex-amples in this report are only tentative onesimprovised for making the exposition a littleconcrete. They should not be taken as afinal. A comprehensive schedule of En-vironment Numbers should be constructedfor use in various contexts. This is a basicwork to be done in the immediate future.Perhaps, the construction of the schedule ofEnvironment Number s will be facilitated ifthe schedule for the Posteriorising Ma tte'rCommon Isolates is constructed earlier.The Indian National Committee for Co-operation with FlD/CA is now engaged inconstructing the latter schedule. Once thisis done, the Environment Device can beadapted to any scheme of classification.This will be particularly easy in the case ofanalytico-synthetic schemes, such as ColonClassification and Universal Decimal Classi-fication. This will be of help in sharpening thedepth classification of subjects not only in theNatural Sciences but also in the Social Sciences.We should also investigate the problem in theVerbal Plane in establishing class Headings byChain Procedure, arising out of EnvironmentDevice.

Dee 1958 V.5 N;1 121