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National EMN Conference, IrelandDublin, 29th January
Margaret James, EMN Service Provider (ICF)
Outline1. Study aims and scope2. Business environment3. Fostering start-ups as policy priority4. Specific start-up schemes5. Admission conditions6. Incentives and attraction measures7. Branding and promotion of schemes8. Results and impact of special schemes9. Challenges and success factors
Aim and scope of the Study
Aim of the report
Provide an overview of the migratory pathways available for start-ups and other innovative entrepreneurs coming to the EU
Scope of the study
25 EU Member States
2014 - 2019
Business environment Beneficial economic and societal
impacts of fostering entrepreneurship Creating an environment where
individuals are motivated to innovate, create new products or services, and take risks
Whilst no EU-level instrument for attracting start-ups, the EU nevertheless plays an active role in this field, with attracting and retaining start-up founders and employees from third countries forming part of the objective of upgrading the single market
Fostering start-ups as a policy priority
Attracting and fostering start-ups from third countries is a policy priority in over half of the MS: AT, BG, CY, EE, ES, FI, FR, IE, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, SI, UK
This priority has received high level political commitment
Fostering start-ups as a policy priority Rationale:
o Tackling skills shortageso Creating high-value jobso Bringing foreign capitalo Contributing to the state
budget through tax receipts
o Promoting innovation and competitiveness on the international scene
Special start-up schemes 13 Member States have introduced special start-up schemes:
AT, CY, EE, ES, FI, FR, IE, IT, LT, LV, NL, PT, UK With the exception of IE, IT, NL, ES and UK, the schemes are
still in their infancy, having been introduced in the last three years
A special visa and residence permit to admit third-country national start-up employees currently exists in CY, EE, FR and PT. In the Netherlands, a pilot scheme will be introduced in 2020 for key personnel.
No specific schemes are in place in the remaining 12 countries BE, BG and SE noted potential plans to introduce specific start-
up schemes Half of the MS do not target specific sectors
But many have developed in the ICT sector, plus businesses targeting contemporary challenges
Admission conditions
Business-related Innovation, scalability, added value to national economy: all 13 Business plan: AT, CY, EE, ES, FI, FR, IE, IT, LT, PT, UK Minimum level of capital: AT, CY, IE, IT, UK Facilitator/support scheme: NL, PT, UK (AT, EE, FR, IE, LT)
Founder-related Qualifications: AT, CY, ES, IT, LT Business experience: AT, EE, FI, IT, LT, PT Language skills: AT, CY, UK Other conditions (proof of subsistence, clean criminal record,
health insurance, etc.)
Incentives and attraction measures
Business-related Access to funding and investment Specialised information services Access to incubation and accelerator support programmes Co-working and dedicated spaces/facilities
Immigration-related Facilitated access to permanent residence Family members accompanying the sponsor and their rights Possibility to apply online; shortened processing times
Branding and promotion of schemes
Results and impact of special schemes
Number of permits issued (2018) UK (1,160 entrepreneur visas and 315 graduate visas) France (524 Talent passports issued) Estonia (422 visas and residence permits) Spain (104) the Netherlands (92) Italy (45),Lithuania (28), Ireland (19), Finland (18), Portugal (8),
Cyprus (6), Slovak Republic (1) and Austria (0).
Qualitative observations Although most of the schemes are in their infancy, having a
specific admission channel is considered to have helped attracting international start-ups and talent
Challenges and success factors
Macro level Global competition for talent Opportunities in domestic and other markets Lack of incubators and accelerators and other support schemes Ecosystems and hubs, including in major European cities Access to risk capital
Micro level Burdensome administrative procedures and lengthy application
times Salary levels, cost of living, housing and quality of life Language skills
Thank you!
EMN Publications available on the EMN Website: www.emn.europa.eu
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Contact: [email protected], [email protected] / [email protected]
