Classical GreeceClassical Greece

Geographic InfluenceGeographic Influence SeaSea

Proximity promoted trade among the various city statesProximity promoted trade among the various city states LandLand

Mountains isolated the valleys; this fostered independenceMountains isolated the valleys; this fostered independence ClimateClimate

Not too hot or cold; allowed for the growing of crops for Not too hot or cold; allowed for the growing of crops for tradetrade

3 Groups in Control of 3 Groups in Control of GreeceGreece

Mycenaens Ancient Greece

Dorians The Athenians and Spartans

Macedonians Alexander the Great

Trojan WarTrojan War1194 BCE1194 BCE

Homer's The Iliad and The Odessey Mycenaean kings fought a 10 year

war against Troy Prince Paris kidnapped HellenPrince Paris kidnapped Hellen Greeks Greeks ““launched a 1,000 shipslaunched a 1,000 ships”” to to

get her backget her back ““Trojan HorseTrojan Horse””

SpartaSparta

Military based city stateMilitary based city state Valued duty, honor, strength, and Valued duty, honor, strength, and

disciplinediscipline Ruled by two kings and a council Ruled by two kings and a council

The Persian WarThe Persian WarPersia versus GreecePersia versus Greece

The wars started when King Darius of Persia The wars started when King Darius of Persia wanted to conquer the Greek peninsula.wanted to conquer the Greek peninsula.

Through unity and effort, the Greeks Through unity and effort, the Greeks defeated the powerful Persia. defeated the powerful Persia.

Sparta and Athens played a large part in Sparta and Athens played a large part in this victory. this victory.

This victory gave city-states a new sense of This victory gave city-states a new sense of confidence and freedom. confidence and freedom.

Athens gained prominence because the Athens gained prominence because the victory gave the city - state wealth and victory gave the city - state wealth and power.power.

Persian WarPersian War

Major Persian War BattlesMajor Persian War Battles

Marathon (490 BCE) 26 miles from Athens

Thermopylae (480 BCE) 300 Spartans at the mountain pass

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nO1iRsfbNrY&feature=related

Salamis (480 BCE) Athenian navy victorious

Peloponnesian WarPeloponnesian War

Sparta hated Athens Sparta hated Athens Athenian rise in power and wealth after the Athenian rise in power and wealth after the

Persian War. Persian War. Athens and Sparta both wanted war Athens and Sparta both wanted war

because they thought they had a great because they thought they had a great advantage at winning. advantage at winning.

The war lasted 27 years. The war lasted 27 years. Athens = sea powerAthens = sea power Sparta = geographical advantage Sparta = geographical advantage

Sparta could not be easily attacked from the sea. Sparta could not be easily attacked from the sea. Athens plagued by disease and defeat lost its wealth Athens plagued by disease and defeat lost its wealth and power to Sparta which caused political change in and power to Sparta which caused political change in the city-state.the city-state.

Peloponnesian Wars

SocratesSocrates

““ The unexamined life is not worth livingThe unexamined life is not worth living””. . Believed that absolute standards existed for truth Believed that absolute standards existed for truth

and justice. and justice. One should question their moral character.One should question their moral character. Love him or Hate him.Love him or Hate him.

Sentenced to death for Sentenced to death for ““corrupting the youth of corrupting the youth of AthensAthens””

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fwYYxVGsS0E&playnext=1&list=PLD7B065056629A661&feature=results_video&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1

PlatoPlato Student of Socrates Studied human behavior Wrote the 1st book on political science – “

The Republic” Believed more in the state of man than the

individual Felt that service to the community more

important than personal goals Too much freedom led to social disorder Only the most intelligent and best

educated citizens should participate in government

AristotleAristotle

Influenced the basics of logical thinking Wrote “Politics”- a book that analyzed the

advantages and disadvantage of political structures in the Greek city – states

Government should be balanced between monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy

Middle class should be in power because they knew how to command and obey

Athens: The Arts & Sciences

Literature Herodotus and Thucydides – Historian (told stories of the past)

DRAMA (tragedians): Sophocles Euripides

THE SCIENCES: Pythagoras Hippocrates “Father of Medicine” Eratosthenes (showed Earth was round) Archimedes (considered the greatest mathematician of his

age)

Phidias’ Acropolis

The Acropolis Today

The Parthenon

The Classical Greek “Ideal”

Olympia

The Ancient Olympics:Athletes & Trainers

Golden “Age of Pericles”:460 BCE – 429 BCE

Pericles Pericles - 3 Goals for - 3 Goals for AthensAthens

He wanted to strengthen the He wanted to strengthen the Athenian democracyAthenian democracy

He wanted to strengthen the Greek He wanted to strengthen the Greek EmpireEmpire

He wanted to bring glory back to He wanted to bring glory back to AthensAthens

He introduced direct democracy to He introduced direct democracy to AthensAthens

DemocracyDemocracy

The direct cause of Athenian democracy The direct cause of Athenian democracy was was fear of peasant revolts.fear of peasant revolts.

An important feature to Athenian An important feature to Athenian democracy was that democracy was that increased the increased the number of paid officials. number of paid officials.

Athenian democracy and the Golden Age Athenian democracy and the Golden Age ended by ended by military defeatmilitary defeat..

Alexander the GreatAlexander the Great

20 years old when he became ruler of 20 years old when he became ruler of Macedonia and Greece Macedonia and Greece

Taught by AristotleTaught by Aristotle Taught about everything in the Greek Taught about everything in the Greek

worldworld Wanted to defeat the Persians Wanted to defeat the Persians

because of earlier invasion of Greecebecause of earlier invasion of Greece Defeated the Persians and created the Defeated the Persians and created the

largest empire of itlargest empire of it’’s day.s day.

Alexander the GreatAlexander the Great

Alexander the GreatAlexander the Great

Wanted to unite Europe and AsiaWanted to unite Europe and Asia Blended Persian and Greek cultureBlended Persian and Greek culture

HellenismHellenism Alexander never saw his true dream Alexander never saw his true dream

come true because he became ill and come true because he became ill and died of fever at the age of 33.died of fever at the age of 33.

Alexander the Great in Persia

AlexanderAlexander’’s Empires Empire

Hellenistic Philosophers

Cynics Diogenes ignore social conventions &

avoid luxuries. citizens of the world. live a humble, simple life.

Epicurians Epicurus http://www.epicurus.net/en/principal.html

avoid pain & seek pleasure. all excess leads to pain! politics should be avoided.

Hellenistic Philosophers

Stoics Zeno nature is the expansion of divine will. concept of natural law. get involved in politics, not for

personal gain, but to perform virtuous acts for the good of all.

true happiness is found in great achievements.

Hellenism: The Arts & Sciences

Scientists / Mathematicians: Aristarchus heliocentric theory. Euclid geometry Archimedes pulley

Hellenistic Art: More realistic; less ideal than Hellenic

art. Showed individual emotions, wrinkles,

and age!

Break up of AlexanderBreak up of Alexander’’s s EmpireEmpire