Class XIIClass XIIClass XII

Chemistry

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OSWAAL BOOKS

Edition : July 2015

g Syllabus iv - viii

g Solved Paper, 2015 (All sets of Delhi & Outside Delhi) 1 - 19

g Topper Answers of Delhi Set I - 2014 ( Issued by CBSE) 21 - 32

1. The Solid State 1 - 22

2. Solutions 23 - 44

3. Electrochemistry 45 - 61

4. Chemical Kinetics 62 - 77

5. Surface Chemistry 78 - 92

6. General Principles and Process of Isolation of Elements 93 - 111

7. The p-Block Elements 112 - 134

8. The d-and f-Block Elements 135 - 150

9. Co-ordination Compounds 151 - 161

10. Haloalkanes and Haloarenes 162 - 183

11. Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers 184 - 205

12. Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids 206 - 228

13. Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen 229 - 246

14. Biomolecules 247 - 261

15. Polymers 262 - 272

16. Chemistry in Everyday life 273 - 280

CONTENTS

OSWAAL CBSE Question Bank Chapterwise Solutions, Chemistry-XIIiv ]

One Paper Time : 3 Hours 70 Marks

Unit No. Title No. of Periods Marks

Unit I Solid State 10

Unit II Solutions 10

Unit III Electrochemistry 12 23

Unit IV Chemical Kinetics 10

Unit V Surface Chemistry 08

Unit VI General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements 08

Unit VII p-Block Elements 12

Unit VIII d- and f- Block Elements 12 19

Unit IX Co-ordination Compounds 12

Unit X Haloalkanes and Haloarenes 10

Unit XI Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers 10

Unit XII Aldehydes, Ketons and Carboxylic Acids 10

Unit XIII Organic Compounds containing Nitrogen 10 28

Unit XIV Biomolecules 12

Unit XV Polymers 08

Unit XVI Chemistry in Everyday Life 06

Total 160 70

Unit I : Solid State 10 Periods

Classification of solids based on different binding forces: molecular, ionic, covalent and metallicsolids, amorphous and crystalline solids (elementary idea). Unit cell in two dimensional and threedimensional lattices, calculation of density of unit cell, packing in solids, packing efficiency, voids,number of atoms per unit cell in a cubic unit cell, point defects, electrical and magnetic properties.

Band theory of metals, conductors, semiconductors and insulators and n and p type semiconduc-tors.

Unit II : Solutions 10 Periods

Types of solutions, expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids, solubility of gasesin liquids, solid solutions, colligative properties - relative lowering of vapour pressure, Raoult’slaw, elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure, determination ofmolecular masses using colligative properties, abnormal molecular mass, Van’t Hoff factor.

Unit III : Electrochemistry 12 Periods

Redox reactions, conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivity, variationsof conductivity with concentration, Kohlrausch’s Law, electrolysis and law of electrolysis (elemen-tary idea), dry cell-electrolytic cells and Galvanic cells, lead accumulator, EMF of a cell, standardelectrode potential, Nernst equation and its application to chemical cells, Relation between Gibbsenergy change and EMF of a cell, fuel cells, corrosion.

Unit IV : Chemical Kinetics 10 Periods

Rate of a reaction (Average and instantaneous), factors affecting rate of reaction: concentration,temperature, catalyst; order and molecularity of a reaction, rate law and specific rateconstant,integrated rate equations and half life (only for zero and first order reactions), concept ofcollision theory (elementary idea, no mathematical treatment). Activation energy, Arrhenious equation.

SYLLABUS Chemistry (043)Class XII (2015-16)

Total Periods (Theory 160 + Practical 60)

SYLLABUS [ v

Unit V : Surface Chemistry 08 Periods

Adsorption - physisorption and chemisorption, factors affecting adsorption of gases on solids,catalysis, homogenous and heterogenous activity and selectivity; enzyme catalysis colloidal statedistinction between true solutions, colloids and suspension; lyophilic, lyophobic multimolecularandmacromolecular colloids; properties of colloids; Tyndall effect, Brownian movement,electrophoresis,coagulation, emulsion - types of emulsions.

Unit VI : General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements 08 Periods

Principles and methods of extraction - concentration, oxidation, reduction - electrolytic method andrefining; occurrence and principles of extraction of aluminium, copper, zinc and iron.

Unit VII : “p”-Block Elements 12 Periods

Group -15 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, oxidation states,trends in physical and chemical properties; Nitrogen preparation properties and uses; compoundsof Nitrogen, preparation and properties of Ammonia and Nitric Acid, Oxides of Nitrogen(Structureonly) ; Phosphorus - allotropic forms, compounds of Phosphorus: Preparation and Properties ofPhosphine, Halides and Oxoacids (elementary idea only).

Group 16 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence,trends in physical and chemical properties, dioxygen: Preparation, Properties and uses, classifica-tion of Oxides, Ozone, Sulphur -allotropic forms; compounds of Sulphur: Preparation Propertiesand uses of Sulphur-dioxide, Sulphuric Acid: industrial process of manufacture, properties anduses; Oxoacids of Sulphur (Structures only).

Group 17 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence,trends in physical and chemical properties; compounds of halogens, Preparation, properties anduses of Chlorine and Hydrochloric acid, interhalogen compounds, Oxoacids of halogens (struc-tures only).

Group 18 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, trends in physicaland chemical properties, uses.

Unit VIII : “d” and “f” Block Elements 12 Periods

General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics of transition metals,general trends in properties of the first row transition metals - metallic character, ionization en-thalpy, oxidation states, ionic radii, colour, catalytic property, magnetic properties, interstitial com-pounds, alloy formation, preparation and properties of K

2Cr

2O

7 and KMnO

4.

Lanthanoids - Electronic configuration, oxidation states, chemical reactivity and lanthanoid con-traction and its consequences.

Actinoids - Electronic configuration, oxidation states and comparison with lanthanoids.

Unit IX : Coordination Compounds 12 Periods

Coordination compounds - Introduction, ligands, coordination number, colour, magnetic proper-ties and shapes, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds. Bonding, Werner’stheory, VBT, and CFT; structure and stereoisomerism, importance of coordination compounds (inqualitative inclusion, extraction of metals and biological system).

Unit X : Haloalkanes and Haloarenes. 10 Periods

Haloalkanes: Nomenclature, nature of C -X bond, physical and chemical properties, mechanism ofsubstitution reactions, optical rotation.

Haloarenes: Nature of C -X bond, substitution reactions (Directive influence of halogen in mono-substituted compounds only).

Uses and environmental effects of - dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, iodo-form, freons, DDT.

Unit XI : Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers 10 Periods

Alcohols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties (of primaryalcohols only), identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols, mechanism of dehydra-tion, uses with special reference to methanol and ethanol.

Phenols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, acidic natureof phenol, electrophillic substitution reactions, uses of phenols.

Ethers: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses.

OSWAAL CBSE Question Bank Chapterwise Solutions, Chemistry-XIIvi ]

Unit XII : Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids 10 Periods

Aldehydes and Ketones: Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation, physi-cal and chemical properties, mechanism of nucleophilic addition, reactivity of alpha hydrogen inaldehydes: uses.

Carboxylic Acids: Nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of preparation, physical and chemicalproperties; uses.

Unit XIII : Organic compounds containing Nitrogen 10 Periods

Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, methods of preparation, physical and chemicalproperties, uses, identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines.

Cyanides and Isocyanides - will be mentioned at relevant places in text.

Diazonium salts: Preparation, chemical reactions and importance in synthetic organic chemistry.

Unit XIV : Biomolecules 12 Periods

Carbohydrates - Classification (aldoses and ketoses), monosaccahrides (glucose and fructose), D-L configuration oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose), polysaccharides (starch, cellulose,glycogen); Importance of carbohydrates.

Proteins -Elementary idea of - amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides, proteins, structure of pro-teins -primary, secondary, tertiary structure and quaternary structures (qualitative idea only), dena-turation of proteins; enzymes. Hormones - Elementary idea excluding structure.

Vitamins - Classification and functions.

Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA.

Unit XV : Polymers 08 Periods

Classification - natural and synthetic, methods of polymerization (addition and condensation),copolymerization, some important polymers: natural and synthetic like polythene, nylon polyes-ters, bakelite, rubber. Biodegradable and non-biodegradable polymers.

Unit XVI : Chemistry in Everyday life 06 Periods

Chemicals in medicines - analgesics, tranquilizers antiseptics, disinfectants, antimicrobials, anti-fertility drugs, antibiotics, antacids, antihistamines.

Chemicals in food - preservatives, artificial sweetening agents, elementary idea of antioxidants.

Cleansing agents- soaps and detergents, cleansing action.

PRACTICALS

Evaluation Scheme for Examination Marks

Volumetric Analysis 08

Salt Analysis 08

Content Based Experiment 06

Project work 04

Class record and viva 04

Total 30

PRACTICALS SYLLABUS 60 Periods

Micro-chemical methods are available for several of the practical experiments.

Wherever possible, such techniques should be used.

A. Surface Chemistry

(a) Preparation of one lyophilic and one lyophobic sol

Lyophilic sol - starch, egg albumin and gum

Lyophobic sol - aluminium hydroxide, ferric hydroxide, arsenous sulphide.

(b) Dialysis of sol-prepared in (a) above.

(c) Study of the role of emulsifying agents in stabilizing the emulsion of different oils.

B. Chemical Kinetics

(a) Effect of concentration and temperature on the rate of reaction between Sodium Thiosulphate andHydrochloric acid.

SYLLABUS [ vii

(b) Study of reaction rates of any one of the following:

(i) Reaction of Iodide ion with Hydrogen Peroxide at room temperature using different concenration of Iodide ions.

(ii) Reaction between Potassium Iodate, (KIO3) and Sodium Sulphite: (Na2SO3) using starch solu-tion as indicator (clock reaction).

C. ThermochemistryAny one of the following experimentsi) Enthalpy of dissolution of Copper Sulphate or Potassium Nitrate.ii) Enthalpy of neutralization of strong acid (HCI) and strong base (NaOH).iii) Determination of enthaply change during interaction (Hydrogen bond formation) between Acetone

and Chloroform.D. Electrochemistry

Variation of cell potential in Zn/Zn2+|| Cu2+/Cu with change in concentration of electrolytes (CuSO4 or

ZnSO4)at room temperature.

E. Chromatographyi) Separation of pigments from extracts of leaves and flowers by paper chromatography and determi-

nation of Rf values.ii) Separation of constituents present in an inorganic mixture containing two cations only (constitu-

ents having large difference in Rf values to be provided).F. Preparation of Inorganic Compounds

i) Preparation of double salt of Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate or Potash Alum.ii) Preparation of Potassium Ferric Oxalate.

G. Preparation of Organic CompoundsPreparation of any one of the following compoundsi) Acetanilide ii) Di -benzal Acetoneiii) p-Nitroacetanilide iv) Aniline yellow or 2 - Naphthol Aniline dye.

H. Tests for the functional groups present in organic compounds:Unsaturation, alcoholic, phenolic, aldehydic, ketonic, carboxylic and amino (Primary) groups.

I. Characteristic tests of carbohydrates, fats and proteins in pure samples and their detection in givenfood stuffs.

J. Determination of concentration/ molarity of KMnO4 solution by titrating it against a standard solution of:i) Oxalic acid, ii) Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate

(Students will be required to prepare standard solutions by weighing themselves).K. Qualitative analysis

Determination of one cation and one anion in a given salt.Cation - Pb2+, Cu2+, As3+, Al3+, Fe3+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Lu2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Mg2+,NH+

4

Anions - Co2-3, S2-, SO2-

3, SO2-

4, NO-

2, Cl-, Br-, I-, PO3-

4, C

2O2-

4, CH

4COO–

(Note: Insoluble salts excluded)

PROJECT

Scientific investigations involving laboratory testing and collecting information from other sources.

A few suggested Projects.

• Study of the presence of oxalate ions in guava fruit at different stages of ripening.

• Study of quantity of casein present in different samples of milk.

• Preparation of soybean milk and its comparison with the natural milk with respect to curd forma-tion, effect of temperature, etc.

• Study of the effect of Potassium Bisulphate as food preservative under various conditions (tempera-ture, concentration, time, etc.)

• Study of digestion of starch by salivary amylase and effect of pH and temperature on it.

• Comparative study of the rate of fermentation of following materials: wheat flour, gram flour, potatojuice, carrot juice, etc.

• Extraction of essential oils present in Saunf (aniseed), Ajwain (carum), Illaichi (cardamom).

• Study of common food adulterants in fat, oil, butter, sugar, turmeric power, chilli powder and pepper.

Note: Any other investigatory project, which involves about 10 periods of work, can be chosen with theapproval of the teacher.

QUESTION PAPER DESIGN

S. Typology of Questions VSA SA-I SA-II VBQ LA Total %No. (1 mark) (2 mark) (3 mark) (4 mark) (5 mark) Marks Weightage

1. Remembering- 2 1 1 – – 7 10%(Knowledge basedSimple recallquestions, to knowspecific facts, terms,concepts, principles,or theories, Identify,define,or recite,information)

2. Understanding- – 2 4 – 1 21 30%Comprehension -tobe familiar withmeaning and tounderstandconceptually,interpret, compare,contrast, explain,paraphraseinformation)

3. Application (Use – 2 4 – 1 21 30%abstract informationin concrete situation,to apply knowledgeto new situations,Use given content tointerpret asituation, provide anexample, or solve aproblem)

4. High Order 2 – 1 – 1 10 14%Thinking Skills(Analysis &Synthesis- Classify,compare, contrast, ordifferentiate betweendifferent pieces ofinformation,Organize and/orintegrate uniquepieces of informationfrom a variety ofsources)

5. Evaluation and 1 – 2 1 – 11 16%Multi-Disciplinary-(Appraise, judge,and/or justify thevalue or worth of adecision or outcome,or to predictoutcomes based onvalues)

TOTAL 5×1=5 5×2=10 12×3=36 1×4=4 3×5=15 70(26) 100%

QUESTION WISE BREAK UP

Type of Questions Mark per Question Tatal No. of Questions Total Marks

VSA 1 5 05SA-I 2 5 10SA-II 3 12 36VBQ 4 1 04LA 5 3 15

Total 26 70

1. Internal Choice : There is no overall choice in the paper. However, there is an internal choice in one questions of 2 marksweightage, one question of 3 marks weightage and all the three questions of 5 marks weightage.

2. The above template is only a sample. Suitable internal variations may be made for generating similar templates keeping theoverall weightage to different form of questions and typology of questions same.

( viii )

SOLVEDPAPER

C.B.S.E.2015

Class–XIIOutside Delhi & Delhi

Chemistry

Time allowed : 3 Hours Max. Marks : 70

General Instructions : (i) The Marking Scheme provides general guidelines to reduce subjectivity in the marking. The answers given in the

Marking Scheme are suggested answers. The contect is thus indicative. If a student has given any other answer which is different from the one given in the Marking Scheme, but conveys the same meaning, such answers should be given full weightage.

(ii) The Marking Scheme carrics only suggested value point for the answers. These are only guidelines and do not consti-tute the complete answers. The students can have their own expression and if the expression is corrent the marks will be awarded accordingly.

(iii) The Head Examiners have to go through the first five answer-scripts evaluated by each evaluator to ensure that the evaluation has been carried out as per the instruction given in the marking scheme. The remaining answer scripts meant for evalution shall be given only after ensuring that there is no significant variation in the marking of individual evaluators.

(iv) Evaluation is to be done as per instructions provided in the Marking Scheme. It should not be done according to one's own interpretation or any other consideration—Marking Scheme should be strictly adhered to and religiously fol-lowed.

(v) If a question has parts, please award marks in the right hand side for each part. Marks awarded for different parts of the question should then be totaled up and written in the left hand margin and circled.

(vi) If a question does not have any parts, marks be awarded in the left-hand margin. (vii) If a candidate has attempted an extra question, marks obtained in the question attempted first should be retained and

the other answer should be scored out. (viii) No Marks to be deducted for the cumulative effect of an error. It should be penalized only once. (ix) A full scale of marks 0-70 has to be used. Please do not hesitate to award full marks if the answer deserves it. (x) Separate marking schemes for all the three sets have been provided. (xi) As per orders of the Hon'ble Supreme Court. The condidates would now be permitted to obtain photocopy of the As-

nwer book on request on payment of the prescribed fee. All examiners/Head Examiners are once again reminded that they must ensure that evaluation is carried out strictly as per value points for each answer as given in the Marking Scheme.

(xii) The Examiners should acquaint themselves with the guidelines given in the Guidelines for sport Evaluation before starting the actual evaluation.

(xiii) Every Examiner should stay upto sufficiently reasonable time normally 5-6 hours every day and evaluate 20-25 an-swer books and should devote minimum 15-20 minutes to evaluate each answer book.

(xiv) Every Examiner should acquaint himself/herself with the marking schemes of all the sets.

Outside Delhi Set-I Code No. 56/1/RU

1. Write the formulae of any two oxoacids of sulphur. 12. Write the IUPAC name of the given compound : 1

CH – CH – CH – O –3 2 2 3

CH – CH

CH3

3. A delta is formed at the meeting point of sea water and river water. Why ? 14. Which would undergo SN1 reactions faster in the following pair : 1

CH – CH – CH – Br and3 2 2 3 3

CH – CH – CH

Br

Oswaal CBSE Question Bank chapter-wise solutions For Class 12 Chemistry

Publisher : Oswaal Books ISBN : 9789351275046 Author : Panel Of Experts

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