Class Test 2 correctionsClass Test 2 corrections

AimAim

To reflect on errors and see how To reflect on errors and see how the correct answer has been the correct answer has been

obtainedobtained

1. In your own words, explain why Lauren 1. In your own words, explain why Lauren Boyle, the History teacher, feels that she Boyle, the History teacher, feels that she cannot dim the lights in her classroom, cannot dim the lights in her classroom, even to show a video (1 mark)even to show a video (1 mark)

"I've learned never to dim the lights, even to show a "I've learned never to dim the lights, even to show a video," says Lauren Boyle, a history teacher at video," says Lauren Boyle, a history teacher at Waltham High School in Massachusetts. "If I do, Waltham High School in Massachusetts. "If I do, there are days when a third of the class falls asleepthere are days when a third of the class falls asleep.“.“

1.1. The students may start falling asleep since the lights are The students may start falling asleep since the lights are dimmed and conducive for sleep (1)dimmed and conducive for sleep (1)

2.2. It is because students are tired from not enough sleeping It is because students are tired from not enough sleeping and means they cannot concentrate on their studies.and means they cannot concentrate on their studies.

3.3. When you dim the lights, it makes it easier for you to sleeWhen you dim the lights, it makes it easier for you to sleepp

4.4. Dimming the lights will make them more restlessDimming the lights will make them more restless

2. Why is it important to form good sleep 2. Why is it important to form good sleep habits at a young age? (2 marks)habits at a young age? (2 marks)

Continuous lack of sleep is tied to diabetes, heart Continuous lack of sleep is tied to diabetes, heart disease, depression and a shortened life span in disease, depression and a shortened life span in adultsadults, highlighting the importance of , highlighting the importance of establishing good sleep habits early in life establishing good sleep habits early in life

1.1. Continuous lack of sleep (1) is linked to health problContinuous lack of sleep (1) is linked to health problems such as diabetes, depression, and a shortened liems such as diabetes, depression, and a shortened life span in adults (1)fe span in adults (1)

2.2. It is important as insufficient rest will cause more leaIt is important as insufficient rest will cause more learning, health, behaviour and mood problems.rning, health, behaviour and mood problems.

3.3. Continuous lack of sleep could result in diabetes and Continuous lack of sleep could result in diabetes and many more illnessesmany more illnesses

4.4. It is because if good sleeping habits are formed at a yIt is because if good sleeping habits are formed at a young age the person will understand more about sleoung age the person will understand more about sleep and will avoid sleeping late.ep and will avoid sleeping late.

3. What does the research done by Case 3. What does the research done by Case Western Research University show about Western Research University show about the sleep patterns in adolescents? (1 the sleep patterns in adolescents? (1 mark)mark)researchers at Case Western Reserve University found researchers at Case Western Reserve University found

that that more than half of students slept seven hours more than half of students slept seven hours or less, and almost one in five got less than six or less, and almost one in five got less than six

hourshours 1. More than half of students researched on sleep seven ho1. More than half of students researched on sleep seven ho

urs or less, and almost one in five get less than six hours urs or less, and almost one in five get less than six hours (1)(1)

2.2. It shows that adolescents tend to sleep late at night and It shows that adolescents tend to sleep late at night and do not have enough energy the next daydo not have enough energy the next day

3.3. Very few adolescents are able to get the sleep they needVery few adolescents are able to get the sleep they neededed

4.4. The research shows that adolescents who sleep late will The research shows that adolescents who sleep late will wake up weary and have concentration problemswake up weary and have concentration problems

4. What does ‘this’ in line 18 refer to? (1 4. What does ‘this’ in line 18 refer to? (1 mark)mark)

We can blame multitasking for some of We can blame multitasking for some of thisthis

1.1. It refers to the situation of adolescents not getting the It refers to the situation of adolescents not getting the sleep they need (1)sleep they need (1)

2.2. It refers to the eighty-two percent of students who waIt refers to the eighty-two percent of students who wake up weary and more than half who had trouble concke up weary and more than half who had trouble concentrating during the dayentrating during the day

3.3. ‘‘This’ refers to the hours of sleeping time the studeThis’ refers to the hours of sleeping time the students havents have

4.4. ‘‘This’ refers to the trouble concentrating during thThis’ refers to the trouble concentrating during the daye day

5. What does the term ‘obligations’ in line 5. What does the term ‘obligations’ in line 20 refer to? (1 mark)20 refer to? (1 mark)

Many students are Many students are juggling after-school activities, juggling after-school activities, homework and part-time jobshomework and part-time jobs. Even when they . Even when they manage to fulfil these obligationsmanage to fulfil these obligations

1.1. It refers to the responsibilities and commitments thaIt refers to the responsibilities and commitments that teenagers have, such as after-school activities, homt teenagers have, such as after-school activities, homework and part-time jobs (1)ework and part-time jobs (1)

2.2. The term ‘obligations refers to given tasksThe term ‘obligations refers to given tasks3.3. It refers to television, the internet, video games, phoIt refers to television, the internet, video games, pho

ne calls and text messaging friendsne calls and text messaging friends4.4. ‘‘obligations’ in line 20 refers to multi-taskobligations’ in line 20 refers to multi-task5.5. Work.Work.

6. Other than their obligations, what 6. Other than their obligations, what other factors contribute to the teenagers’ other factors contribute to the teenagers’ lack of sleep? (2 marks)lack of sleep? (2 marks)

Even when they manage to fulfil these obligations by Even when they manage to fulfil these obligations by a reasonable hour, a reasonable hour, television, the Internet, television, the Internet, videogames, phone calls and text messages to videogames, phone calls and text messages to friends often keep them awake deep into the friends often keep them awake deep into the nightnight. . Taking caffeinated soda and energy drinks Taking caffeinated soda and energy drinks late in the daylate in the day and and going to late-night parties on going to late-night parties on weekendsweekends add to sleep debt. add to sleep debt.

1.1. Activities, such as watching television that keep theActivities, such as watching television that keep them awake late into the night (1) and taking caffeinatem awake late into the night (1) and taking caffeinated drinks or energy drinks (1) and going to late night pd drinks or energy drinks (1) and going to late night parties on weekends (1) (ANY TWO)arties on weekends (1) (ANY TWO)

2.2. Internet, video games, phone calls and text messageInternet, video games, phone calls and text messages keep them awake into the night (only 1 point made)s keep them awake into the night (only 1 point made)

3.3. Entertainment and caffeined or energy drinksEntertainment and caffeined or energy drinks4.4. Going to late night parties (only 1)Going to late night parties (only 1)

7. 7. In your own wordsIn your own words, explain what is , explain what is meant by ‘sleep debt’ (line 23) (1 mark)meant by ‘sleep debt’ (line 23) (1 mark)

add to add to sleep debtsleep debt 1.1. Rest that adolescents owe themselves so that they’Rest that adolescents owe themselves so that they’

ll be healthy (1)ll be healthy (1)2.2. It means the continuous lack of sleepIt means the continuous lack of sleep3.3. Sleep debt means when you sleep very long into the Sleep debt means when you sleep very long into the

weekendweekend4.4. It means to repay their sleeping timeIt means to repay their sleeping time5.5. It means it adds to the reasons why you cannot sleepIt means it adds to the reasons why you cannot sleep

8. How do biological factors contribute to 8. How do biological factors contribute to a teen’s sleep deficiency? (1 mark)a teen’s sleep deficiency? (1 mark)

Biology also works against adolescents' sleep. Biology also works against adolescents' sleep. The The body's internal clock, which controls when a body's internal clock, which controls when a person starts to feel tired, shifts after puberty; person starts to feel tired, shifts after puberty; making it hard for most teens to fall asleep making it hard for most teens to fall asleep before 11 p.mbefore 11 p.m

1.1. The body’s internal clock, which controls when a pThe body’s internal clock, which controls when a person starts to feel tired, shifts after puberty making erson starts to feel tired, shifts after puberty making it hard for most teens to fall asleep before 11p.m. (1)it hard for most teens to fall asleep before 11p.m. (1)

2.2. The body’s alarm clock tells us when we are tired aThe body’s alarm clock tells us when we are tired and need to sleepnd need to sleep

3.3. Biological factors after puberty it is harder for teens tBiological factors after puberty it is harder for teens to sleep earlyo sleep early

4.4. It shows that the body’s internal clock controls moIt shows that the body’s internal clock controls mostly when they are tired or during pubertystly when they are tired or during puberty

9. When do teens need to stay alert the 9. When do teens need to stay alert the most? Why do you think this is so? (2 most? Why do you think this is so? (2 marks)marks)

Class usually begins before 8:15 a.m., with many high Class usually begins before 8:15 a.m., with many high schools starting as early as 7:15 a.m. To get to schools starting as early as 7:15 a.m. To get to school on time, most teens have to get up by 6:30 school on time, most teens have to get up by 6:30 a.m., guaranteeing they will be sleep-deprived a.m., guaranteeing they will be sleep-deprived during the weekduring the week

1.1. During the week at school (1) Any reasonable opinion e.During the week at school (1) Any reasonable opinion e.g. they need to pay attention so they can study well and g. they need to pay attention so they can study well and get good jobs later in life (1)get good jobs later in life (1)

2.2. In the morning, as they need to study, learn and be carefIn the morning, as they need to study, learn and be careful as they are outsideul as they are outside

3.3. Teens need to stay most alert on a Saturday and Sunday Teens need to stay most alert on a Saturday and Sunday night. Because if they do not have enough sleep their bnight. Because if they do not have enough sleep their body clock will not get used to sleeping early the next day.ody clock will not get used to sleeping early the next day.

4.4. Teens need to stay alert most after puberty, as the bodTeens need to stay alert most after puberty, as the body’s internal clock shifts after puberty.y’s internal clock shifts after puberty.

10. What evidence is there to show that 10. What evidence is there to show that starting school at a slightly later time has starting school at a slightly later time has a positive effect? (2 marks)a positive effect? (2 marks)

The results have been encouraging: more sleep, The results have been encouraging: more sleep, increased attendance and better gradesincreased attendance and better grades. For . For example, example, ninth graders' daily attendance rose from ninth graders' daily attendance rose from 83 percent to 87 percent and overall grades went 83 percent to 87 percent and overall grades went up slightly when high schools in Minneapolis up slightly when high schools in Minneapolis moved the start time from 7:15 to 8:40 a.mmoved the start time from 7:15 to 8:40 a.m

1.1. Schools that have tried it have seen increased attendanSchools that have tried it have seen increased attendance and better grades (1). Ninth graders’ daily attendace and better grades (1). Ninth graders’ daily attendance rose from 83% to 87% and overall grades went up nce rose from 83% to 87% and overall grades went up when high schools in Minneapolis moved start time frowhen high schools in Minneapolis moved start time from 7.15am to 8.40am.m 7.15am to 8.40am.

2.2. The evidence was that with more sleep, it increased attThe evidence was that with more sleep, it increased attendance and students had better grades (1 mark only)endance and students had better grades (1 mark only)

11. How can parents help their children 11. How can parents help their children get the right amount of sleep? (3 marks)get the right amount of sleep? (3 marks)

Firstly, Firstly, parents can educate their children about sleepparents can educate their children about sleep […] Secondly, […] Secondly, parents can help their teenagers to parents can help their teenagers to keep a regular sleep and wake schedule, and keep a regular sleep and wake schedule, and develop pre-sleep routinesdevelop pre-sleep routines […] Thirdly, […] Thirdly, parents can parents can limit the caffeine intake of their childrenlimit the caffeine intake of their children

1.1. Parents can educate their children about sleep (1), they Parents can educate their children about sleep (1), they can help children keep a regular sleep and wake schedcan help children keep a regular sleep and wake schedule and develop pre-sleep routines (1) and they can limiule and develop pre-sleep routines (1) and they can limit their caffeine intake (1)t their caffeine intake (1)

2.2. Parents should make sure the teens have a regular bedtParents should make sure the teens have a regular bedtime on school night, avoid staying up more than an on ime on school night, avoid staying up more than an on weekdays. They can also keep an eye on their late-nighweekdays. They can also keep an eye on their late-night activities and electronic games or devices such as TV ot activities and electronic games or devices such as TV or videogames should be kept in the living room. Lastly, r videogames should be kept in the living room. Lastly, they can limit the usage of caffeine (1 mark only)they can limit the usage of caffeine (1 mark only)

12. How does having a regular sleep and 12. How does having a regular sleep and wake schedule help adolescents to get wake schedule help adolescents to get enough rest? (1 mark)enough rest? (1 mark)

Secondly, parents can help their teenagers to keep a Secondly, parents can help their teenagers to keep a regular sleep and wake schedule, and develop pre-regular sleep and wake schedule, and develop pre-sleep routines. sleep routines. This conditions the body to expect This conditions the body to expect to go to bed and get up at the same time every to go to bed and get up at the same time every day.day.

1.1. It conditions the body to expect to go to bed and get up It conditions the body to expect to go to bed and get up at the same time everyday (1)at the same time everyday (1)

2.2. They sleep and wake at the same time They sleep and wake at the same time 3.3. So that they have enough energy to do their best in schSo that they have enough energy to do their best in sch

ool and enjoy their social livesool and enjoy their social lives4.4. Teenagers would not feel weary in schoolTeenagers would not feel weary in school

13. How does moving activities such as 13. How does moving activities such as watching TV and playing video games out watching TV and playing video games out of the bedroom help to solve the problem? of the bedroom help to solve the problem? (2 marks)(2 marks)

Teens are less likely to stay up late Teens are less likely to stay up late if these if these entertainment options are less accessibleentertainment options are less accessible. Moving . Moving these activities out of the bedroom also these activities out of the bedroom also gives gives parents a more realistic picture of when their kids parents a more realistic picture of when their kids really go to sleepreally go to sleep..

1.1. Teens are less likely to stay up later if these entertainmTeens are less likely to stay up later if these entertainment options are less accessible (1) and it gives parents a ent options are less accessible (1) and it gives parents a more realistic picture of when their kids really go to slemore realistic picture of when their kids really go to sleep (1)ep (1)

2.2. So when the child is in the room when he is supposed tSo when the child is in the room when he is supposed to sleep he won’t be distracted by wanting to watch TV o sleep he won’t be distracted by wanting to watch TV or play with videogames.or play with videogames.

3.3. They will have nothing to do in their room and thus will They will have nothing to do in their room and thus will sleep earlysleep early

14. Explain the meaning of the following 14. Explain the meaning of the following words in less than 7 words (5 marks)words in less than 7 words (5 marks)

i)i) Coax - Coax - parents are once again struggling to parents are once again struggling to coaxcoax and, if and, if need be, drag their exhausted teenagers out of bed need be, drag their exhausted teenagers out of bed cajole, persuade cajole, persuade force, encourageforce, encourage

ii) Weary -ii) Weary - eighty-two percent said they woke up eighty-two percent said they woke up wearyweary tired tired sleepysleepy

iii) Jugglingiii) Juggling - Many students are - Many students are jugglingjuggling after-school after-school activities, homework and part-time jobs activities, homework and part-time jobs managing, coping with, dealing with, trying to balancemanaging, coping with, dealing with, trying to balance

iv) Monitoriv) Monitor - Parents can also - Parents can also monitormonitor their teenagers' their teenagers' late-night activities late-night activities Check, supervise, to watch/observe closely, keep an Check, supervise, to watch/observe closely, keep an eye on eye on observeobserve

v) Perpetuatingv) Perpetuating - make it harder to fall asleep, - make it harder to fall asleep, perpetuatingperpetuating a cycle of bad sleep and daytime fatigue a cycle of bad sleep and daytime fatigue ContinuingContinuing

1.1. With stress from work and family commitmentsWith stress from work and family commitments2.2. It may also occur when children are left with childmindIt may also occur when children are left with childmind

ersers3.3. Who may be too busy with other kidsWho may be too busy with other kids4.4. Apart from physical abuse, parents who constantly leaApart from physical abuse, parents who constantly lea

ve their children alone at homeve their children alone at home5.5. Causes neglect and loneliness in the childCauses neglect and loneliness in the child6.6. Parents who have financial problems may also take it oParents who have financial problems may also take it o

ut on the childrenut on the children7.7. Whom they see as a financial burdenWhom they see as a financial burden8.8. Substance abuse may also result in child abuse where tSubstance abuse may also result in child abuse where t

he addicts may not know what they are doinghe addicts may not know what they are doing9.9. Until it is too lateUntil it is too late10.10. Another reason could be due to these child abusers beiAnother reason could be due to these child abusers bei

ng victims of child abuse themselvesng victims of child abuse themselves

11. They treat their children the way they were 11. They treat their children the way they were treated and it becomes a vicious cycletreated and it becomes a vicious cycle

12. The Child Protection Act fails to see child abuse 12. The Child Protection Act fails to see child abuse as an eminent danger and protect the child as an eminent danger and protect the child from harmfrom harm

13. Help should be given to abusive parents to give 13. Help should be given to abusive parents to give them the support they needthem the support they need

14.14.To curb child abuse.To curb child abuse.

10 marks = points made10 marks = points made

5 marks = language/style5 marks = language/style