CivRev4S-DoctrinesFINALSet1

7/21/2019 CivRev4S-DoctrinesFINALSet1

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Civil Law ReviewPersons and Family Relations Case Doctrines4S - SY: 2014-2015

Article 2 Effectivity of Laws

Tanada v. Tuvera 136 SCRA 27!"R" #o" L-$%&15" '(ril 24) 1&*5+

Publication of Presidential decrees and issuances of generalapplication is a matter of due process, t is needless to add t.at i/t.e (lication o/ (residential issances o/ a (lic natre3 or o/eneral a((licaility3 is a reirement o/ de (rocess" t is a rle o/law t.at e/ore a (erson may e ond y law) .e mst /irst eo//icially and s(eci/ically in/ormed o/ its content"

e Roy v. Court of A!!eals!"R" #o" *061*" 7anary 2&)

1&**+

Petitioners contend t.at t.e rle ennciated in t.e Habaluyas cases.old not e made to a((ly to t.e case at ar owin to t.e non-

(lication o/ t.e Habaluyasdecision in t.e 8//icial !a9ette as o/ t.etime t.e sect decision o/ t.e Cort o/ '((eals was (romlated"Contrary to (etitioners; view) t.ere is no law reirin t.e (licationo/ S(reme Cort decisions in t.e 8//icial !a9ette e/ore t.ey can eindin and as a condition to t.eir ecomin e//ective" t is t.eonden dty o/ consel as lawyer in active law (ractice to and in sc.(lications as t.e S(reme Cort Re(orts 'nnotated =SCR'> and lawornals"

"eo!le v #ue "o Lay$.R. %o. 67&1' 2& (arc) 1&*+

?e aree wit. t.e Solicitor !eneral t.at t.e laws in estion do notreire t.e (lication o/ t.e circlars) relations and noticest.erein mentioned in order to ecome indin and e//ective" 'll t.atsaid two laws (rovide is t.at laws) resoltions) decisions o/ t.eS(reme Cort and Cort o/ '((eals) notices and docments reired

1
http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1985/apr1985/gr_l63915_1985.htmlhttp://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1985/apr1985/gr_l63915_1985.html


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y law to e o/ no /orce and e//ect" n ot.er words) said two 'ctsmerely enmerate and ma oreover) as a rle) circlarsand relations es(ecially li


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Article 3

$arcia v. Recio!R #8" 1%*%22" 8ctoer 2)2001+

.e rden o/ (roo/ lies wit. t.e (arty w.o allees t.e eEistence o/ a/act or t.in necessary in t.e (rosection or de/ense o/ an action"3 ncivil cases) (lainti//s .ave t.e rden o/ (rovin t.e materialalleations o/ t.e com(laint w.en t.ose are denied y t.e answerand de/endants .ave t.e rden o/ (rovin t.e material alleations int.eir answer w.en t.ey introdce new matters" Since t.e divorce wasa de/ense raised y res(ondent) t.e rden o/ (rovin t.e (ertinent'stralian law validatin it /alls sarely (on .im"

t is well-settled in or risdiction t.at or corts cannot ta


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.e c.oice o/ a (arty etween inconsistent remedies reslts ina waiver y election" Aence) t.e rle t.at a claimant cannot

simltaneosly (rse recovery nder t.e Laor Code and (rosectean ordinary corse o/ action nder t.e Civil Code" .e claimant) y.is c.oice o/ one remedy) is deemed to .ave waived t.e ot.er"

?aiver is t.e intentional relinis.ment o/ a knownri.t" t is an acto/ nderstandin t.at (res((oses t.at a (arty .as


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Cui vs. Arellano -niversity

2 SCRA 2*$.R. %o. L1*127 (ay 3'

1&614

.e isse in t.is case is w.et.er t.e aove oted (rovision o/ t.e

contract etween (lainti// and t.e de/endant) w.erey t.e /ormerwaived .is ri.t to trans/er to anot.er sc.ool wit.ot re/ndin to t.elatter t.e eivalent o/ .is sc.olars.i(s in cas.) is valid or not"

?e are o/ t.e o(inion t.at t.e sti(lation in estion is contrary to(lic (olicy and) .ence) nll and void)

.ere is one more (oint t.at merits re/tation and t.at is w.et.eror not t.e contract entered into etween Ci and 'rellano Bniversity

on Se(temer 10) 1&51 was void as aainst (lic (olicy"

/ 'rellano Bniversity nderstood clearly t.e real essence o/sc.olars.i(s and t.e motives w.ic. (rom(ted t.is o//ice to isseemorandm #o" %*) s" 1&4&) it s.old .ave not entered into acontract o/ waiver wit. Ci on Se(temer 10) 1&51) w.ic. is a directviolation o/ or emorandm and an o(en c.allene to t.e at.orityo/ t.e Director o/ Private Sc.ools ecase t.e contract was re(nantto sond morality and civic .onesty"

'nd /inally) in !ariel vs" onte de Piedad) 8//" !a9ette S(("Dec" $) 1&41) (" $6 we read: ;n order to declare a contract void asaainst (lic (olicy) a cort mst /ind t.at t.e contract as toconsideration or t.e t.in to e done) contravenes some estalis.edinterest o/ society) or is inconsistent wit. sond (olicy and oodmorals or tends clearly to ndermine t.e secrity o/ individal ri.ts".e (olicy ennciated in emorandm #o" %*) s" 1&4& is sond

5


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(olicy" Sc.olars.i( are awarded in reconition o/ merit not to


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,(A$T,A.(. %o. (T&61. uly1&' 1&&6

o/ Sta" onica and @ros) .e was not clot.ed wit. at.ority tosolemni9e a marriae in t.e mnici(ality o/ Da(a) Sriao del#orte" @y citin 'rticle * and t.e eEce(tions t.erein as ronds /or

t.e eEercise o/ .is mis(laced at.ority) res(ondent de aaindemonstrated a lac< o/ nderstandin o/ t.e asic (rinci(les o/ civillaw"

'ccordinly) t.e Cort /inds res(ondent to .ave acted in rossinorance o/ t.e law" .e leal (rinci(les a((licale in t.e casesro.t to or attention are elementary and ncom(licated)(rom(tin s to conclde t.at res(ondent;s /ailre to a((ly t.em isde to a lac< o/ com(re.ension o/ t.e law"

.e diciary s.old e com(osed o/ (ersons w.o) i/ not eE(erts) areat least) (ro/icient in t.e law t.ey are sworn to a((ly) more t.an t.eordinary laymen" .ey s.old e s


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2 t.e de or in o(en cort) in t.e c.rc.) c.a(el or tem(le) or in t.eo//ice o/ t.e consl-eneral) consl or vice-consl) as t.e case maye) and not elsew.ere) except in cases of marriages contracted at the

point of death or in remote places in accordance with Article 29 ofthis Code or where both parties re!uest the solemni"ing officer inwriting in which case the marriage may be solemni"ed at a house orplace designated by them in a sworn statement to thateffect.# =talics ors>

's t.e aove-oted (rovision clearly states) a marriae can e .eldotside t.e deGs c.amers or cortroom only in t.e /ollowininstances: 1"+ at t.e (oint o/ deat. 2"+ in remote (laces in

accordance wit. 'rticle 2&) or %"+ (on t.e reest o/ ot. (arties inwritin in a sworn statement to t.is e//ect"

Article

"eo!le v. Licera!"R" #o" L-%&&&0 7ly 22) 1&65+

Bnder t.e rle t.en (revailin) ennciated in acarandan) t.ea((ointment o/ a civilian as a secret aent to assist in t.emaintenance o/ (eace and order cam(ains and detection o/ crimess//iciently (ts+ .im wit.in t.e cateory o/ a (eace o//icereivalent even to a memer o/ t.e mnici(al (olice w.om section*6& o/ t.e Revised 'dministrative Code eEem(ts /rom t.ereirements relatin to /irearm licenses"

'rticle * o/ t.e Civil Code o/ t.e P.ili((ines decrees t.at dicialdecisions a((lyin or inter(retin t.e laws or t.e Constittion /orm(art o/ t.is risdiction;s leal system" .ese decisions) alt.o. in

8


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t.emselves not laws) constitte evidence o/ w.at t.e laws mean".e a((lication or inter(retation (laced y t.e Cort (on a law

is (art o/ t.e law as o/ t.e date o/ t.e enactment o/ t.e said law since

t.e Cort;s a((lication or inter(retation merely estalis.es t.econtem(oraneos leislative intent t.at t.e constred law (r(orts tocarry into e//ect"

.e $acarandang rle M t.e Corts inter(retation o/ section*6& o/ t.e Revised 'dministrative Code - /ormed (art o/ orris(rdence and) .ence) o/ t.is risdiction;s lealsystem" $aparevo


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intends to e//ectate" .e settled rle s((orted y nmerosat.orities is a restatement o/ leal maEim leis inter(retatio leisvim otinet M t.e inter(retation (laced (on t.e written law y a

com(etent cort .as t.e /orce o/ law" .e doctrine laid down inLcero and acarandan was (art o/ t.e ris(rdence) .ence o/ t.elaw) o/ t.e land) at t.e time a((ellant was /ond in (ossession o/ t.e/irearm in estion and w.en .e arrained y t.e trial cort" t is tret.at t.e doctrine was overrled in t.e a(a case in 1&$6) t w.en adoctrine o/ t.is Cort is overrled and a di//erent view is ado(ted) t.enew doctrine s.old e a((lied (ros(ectively) and s.old not a((ly to(arties w.o .ad relied on t.e old doctrine and acted on t.e /ait.t.ereo/" .is is es(ecially tre in t.e constrction and a((lication o/

criminal laws) w.ere it is necessary t.at t.e (nis.aility o/ an act ereasonaly /oreseen /or t.e idance o/ society"

t /ollows) t.ere/ore) t.at considerin t.at a((ellant con/erred .isa((ointments as Secret 'ent and Con/idential 'ent and at.ori9edto (ossess a /irearm (rsant to t.e (revailin doctrine ennciated inacarandan and Lcero) nder w.ic. no criminal liaility woldattac. to .is (ossession o/ said /irearm in s(ite o/ t.e asence o/ alicense and (ermit t.ere/or) a((ellant mst e asolved" Certainly)a((ellant may not e (nis.ed /or an act w.ic. at t.e time it was

done was .eld not to e (nis.ale"

Article &

10


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C)u an vs. Lucio 8ernas!"R" #o" 10010" 'st 1) 1&1$+

norance o/ t.e s(ecial law a((licale to a case does not sti/y t.ecort in terminatin t.e (roceedin y dismissin it wit.ot adecision"

.e inorance o/ t.e cort or .is lac< o/


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Article 1

"eo!le vs. "urisi;a*$ SCR' 542

Did P"D" &&%> re(ealed 'ct" #o" 16*0 and 8rdinance #o"

%*20 o/ t.e City o/ anila as amended y 8rdinance #o"%&2*H ?e do not areewit. (etitioner t.at t.eaove-mentionedstatte and t.e city ordinance aredeemed re(ealed y P"D" &=%>" P"D" &=%> does notcontain any re(ealin clase or (rovision) andre(eal y im(lication is not /avored" .is(rinci(le .olds tre wit. reater /orce wit. reardsto (enal stattes w.ic.as a rle are to econstred strictly aainst t.e state and lierally

in /avor o/ t.e accsed" n /act) 'rticle 6o/ t.e #ew Civil Code (rovides t.at laws arere(ealed only y sseent ones and t.eir violationor non- oservance s.all not e eEcsed ydisse) or cstom or (ractice to t.econtrary"

Article 1112

(artine< v. 5an 8us=ir=

1 ")il. 7&

$.R. %o. L*6&1 ece;:er 27'

SSBN: ?.et.er or not t.e coc.ero was nelient in tyin t.edrivin lines o/ t.e .orses to t.e /ront end o/ t.e delivery waon andoin inside t.e waon to nload t.e st// to e deliveredH #8

D8CR#N: t is a matter o/ common


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1&1 t.at it is t.e niversal (ractice o/ merc.ants to deliver merc.andiseo/ t.e


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t.e nwritten law o/ a /orein contry) as are also(rinted and (lis.ed oo


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P.il" 461 =1&%5>"+

n t.e case at ar (etitioners did not (resent any com(etentevidence relative to t.e law and cstom o/ C.ina on marriae" .etestimonies o/ Yao and !an C.in cannot e considered as (roo/ o/C.ina;s law or cstom on marriae not only ecase t.ey aresel/-servin evidence) t more im(ortantly) t.ere is no s.owint.at t.ey are com(etent to testi/y on t.e sect matter" For /ailreto (rove t.e /orein law or cstom) and conseently) t.e validity o/t.e marriae in accordance wit. said law or cstom) t.e marriaeetween Yao Oee and Sy Oiat cannot e reconi9ed in t.isrisdiction"

Petitioners contend t.at contrary to t.e Cort o/ '((eals; rlin t.eyare not dty ond to (rove t.e C.inese law on marriae as dicialnotice t.ereo/ .ad een ta


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$arcia vs. Recio B366 SCRA+37

$.R. %o. 13322. ,cto:er 2'21

'R" 1%" n case eit.er o/ t.e contractin (arties .as een

(reviosly married) t.e a((licant s.all e reired to /rnis.)instead o/ t.e irt. or a(tismal certi/icate reired in t.e last(recedin article) t.e deat. certi/icate o/ t.e deceased s(ose or t.edicial decree o/ t.e asolte divorce) or t.e dicial decree o/annlment or declaration o/ nllity o/ .is or .er (revios marriae"E E E"

Com(liance wit. t.e oted articles =11) 1% and 52> o/ t.e FamilyCode is not necessary res(ondent was no loner ond yP.ili((ine (ersonal laws a/ter .e acired 'stralian citi9ens.i( in1&&2" #atrali9ation is t.e leal act o/ ado(tin an alien and clot.in.im wit. t.e (olitical and civil ri.ts elonin to a citi9en"#atrali9ed citi9ens) /reed /rom t.e (rotective cloa< o/ t.eir /ormerstates) don t.e attires o/ t.eir ado(tive contries" @y ecomin an'stralian) res(ondent severed .is alleiance to t.e P.ili((ines andt.e vinclm ris t.at .ad tied .im to P.ili((ine (ersonal laws"

Aowever) t.e Cort rled t.at it is est to remand t.e case to t.elower cort in order /or t.e (arties to (rodce evidence to t.e /act

t.at res(ondent really .as t.e standin to marry (etitioner" n t.eevent t.at t.e res(ond /ailed to do so) it is wit.in t.e amit o/ t.elower cort to declare t.e nllity o/ sc."

Article 1*17

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http://coffeeafficionado.blogspot.com/2012/02/garcia-vs-recio-366-scra-437.htmlhttp://coffeeafficionado.blogspot.com/2012/02/garcia-vs-recio-366-scra-437.htmlhttp://coffeeafficionado.blogspot.com/2012/02/garcia-vs-recio-366-scra-437.htmlhttp://coffeeafficionado.blogspot.com/2012/02/garcia-vs-recio-366-scra-437.html


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(iciano vs. 8ri;o

B!"R" #o" L-225&5 #ovemer 1)

1&26+

Renvio Doctrine" t .as not een (roved in t.ese (roceedins w.at

t.e r


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/rom t.e standards o/ 'merican law) nder w.ic. divorce dissolvest.e marriae" 's stated y t.e Federal S(reme Cort o/ t.e BnitedStates in 't.erton vs" 't.erton) 45 L" Nd" 6&4) 6&&:

.e (r(ose and e//ect o/ a decree o/ divorce /rom t.e ond o/matrimony y a cort o/ com(etent risdiction are to c.anet.e eEistin stats or domestic relation o/ .sand and wi/e)and to /ree t.em ot. /rom t.e ond" .e marriae tie w.ent.s severed as to one (arty) ceases to ind eit.er" ' .sandwit.ot a wi/e) or a wi/e wit.ot a .sand) is n


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(rivate res(ondent" .e latter s.old not contine to e one o/ .er.eirs wit. (ossile ri.ts to conal (ro(erty" S.e s.old not ediscriminated aainst in .er own contry i/ t.e ends o/ stice are to

e served"

/(ELA (A%ALASA "/LA"/Lvs" ,%. C,R,%A /8AS,(ERA

$.R. %o. 116 une 3' 1&&

n t.e (resent case) t.e /act t.at (rivate res(ondent otained a validdivorce in .is contry) t.e Federal Re(lic o/ !ermany) is admitted"Said divorce and its leal e//ects may e reconi9ed in t.e P.ili((inesinso/ar as (rivate res(ondent is concerned 23in view o/ t.enationality (rinci(le in or civil law on t.e matter o/ stats o/(ersons"

.s) in t.e recent case o/ *an +orn vs. ,omillo 'r. et al.2+a/ter adivorce was ranted y a Bnited States cort etween 'lice KanDorna Fili(ina) and .er 'merican .sand) t.e latter /iled a civilcase in a trial cort .ere allein t.at .er siness concern wasconal (ro(erty and (rayin t.at s.e e ordered to render anaccontin and t.at t.e (lainti// e ranted t.e ri.t to manae t.esiness" Reectin .is (retensions) t.is Cort (ers(icoslydemonstrated t.e error o/ sc. stance) t.s:

.ere can e no estion as to t.e validity o/ t.at

#evada divorce in any o/ t.e States o/ t.e Bnited States".e decree is indin on (rivate res(ondent as an'merican citi9en" For instance) (rivate res(ondent cannotse (etitioner) as .er .sand) in any State o/ t.e Bnion""""

t is tre t.at owin to t.e nationality (rinci(le emodied

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in 'rticle 15 o/ t.e Civil Code) only P.ili((ine nationalsare covered y t.e (olicy aainst asolte divorces t.e

same ein considered contrary to or conce(t o/ (lic(olicy and morality" Aowever) aliens may otain divorcesaroad) w.ic. may e reconi9ed in t.e P.ili((ines)(rovided t.ey are valid accordin to t.eir national law" """

.s) (rsant to .is national law) (rivate res(ondent isno loner t.e .sand o/ (etitioner" Ae wold .ave nostandin to se in t.e case elow as (etitioner;s .sandentitled to eEercise control over conal assets" """ 2*

Bnder t.e same considerations and rationale) (rivate res(ondent)ein no loner t.e .sand o/ (etitioner) .ad no leal standin tocommence t.e adltery case nder t.e im(ostre t.at .e was t.eo//ended s(ose at t.e time .e /iled sit"

8arretto v. $on


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to dissolve t.e onds i/ matrimony in w.ic. .e .ad entered in 1&1&"?.ile t.e decisions o/ t.is cort .ereto/ore in re/sin to reconi9et.e validity o/ /orein divorce .as sally een eE(ressed in t.e

neative and .ave een ased (on lac< o/ matrimonial domicile or/rad or collsion) we .ave not overloo


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o/ t.e (rivate law o/ (ersons) t o/ t.e (lic or (olitical law o/ t.enation" .e risdiction o/ corts and ot.er estions relatin to(rocedre are considered to e o/ a (lic natre and conseently

are enerally smitted to t.e territorial (rinci(le" " " " 'll (ersonst.at .ave to demand stice in a case in w.ic. /oreiners intervene)since t.ey can ain not.in y a sim(le declaration) s.old endeavorto a((ly to t.e trinales o/ t.e state w.ic. .ave coercive means=(ro(erty sitated in t.e territory> to en/orce any decision t.ey mayrender" 8t.erwise) one wold eE(ose .imsel/ in t.e sit to ma


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/ond" =(ar" 2) 'rt" 10) old Civil Code) w.ic. is t.e same as (ar" 2'rt" 1$) new Civil Code">

's in accordance wit. 'rticle 10 o/ t.e old Civil Code) t.e validity o/testamentary dis(ositions are to e overned y t.e national law o/t.e testator) and as it .as een decided and it is not dis(ted t.att.e national law o/ t.e testator is t.at o/ t.e State o/ #evada)already indicated aove) w.ic. allows a testator to dis(ose o/ all .is(ro(erty accordin to .is will) as in t.e case at ar) t.e order o/ t.ecort a((rovin t.e (roect o/ (artition made in accordance wit. t.etestamentary (rovisions) mst e) as it is .erey a//irmed) wit. costsaainst a((ellants"

TESTATE ESTATE ,0 A(,S $.8ELL/S vs.E@AR A. 8ELL/S'ET AL

B$.R. %o. L2367. une 6'1&67

t is not dis(ted t.at t.e decedent was ot. a national o/ eEas anda domicile t.ereo/ at t.e time o/ .is deat." 2So t.at even assmineEas .as a con/lict o/ law rle (rovidin t.at t.e domiciliary system=law o/ t.e domicile> s.old overn) t.e same wold not reslt in are/erence ac< =renvoi> to P.ili((ine law) t wold still re/er toeEas law" #onet.eless) i/ eEas .as a con/licts rle ado(tin t.esits t.eory =leE rei sitae> callin /or t.e a((lication o/ t.e law o/ t.e(lace w.ere t.e (ro(erties are sitated) renvoi wold arise) since t.e(ro(erties .ere involved are /ond in t.e P.ili((ines" n t.e asence)

.owever) o/ (roo/ as to t.e con/lict o/ law rle o/ eEas) it s.old note (resmed di//erent /rom ors"%

'rticle 1$) (ar" 2) and 'rt" 10%& o/ t.e Civil Code) rendera((licale t.e national law o/ t.e decedent) in intestate ortestamentary sccessions) wit. reard to /or items: =a> t.e order o/sccession => t.e amont o/ sccessional ri.ts =e> t.e intrinsic

23


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validity o/ t.e (rovisions o/ t.e will and =d> t.e ca(acity to scceed".ey (rovide t.at M

'R" 1$" Real (ro(erty as well as (ersonal (ro(erty is sect to t.elaw o/ t.e contry w.ere it is sitated"

Aowever) intestate and testamentary sccessions) ot. wit. res(ectto t.e order o/ sccession and to t.e amont o/ sccessional ri.tsand to t.e intrinsic validity o/ testamentary (rovisions) s.all erelated y t.e national law o/ t.e (erson w.ose sccession isnder consideration) w.atever may .e t.e natre o/ t.e (ro(erty andreardless o/ t.e contry w.erein said (ro(erty may e /ond"

/n t)e (atter of t)e TestateEstate of Edward E.C)ristensen

Adolfo A


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e li

?.et.er or not res(ondent de ravely ased .er discretion w.ens.e assmed and retained risdiction over t.e (resent case des(itet.e /act t.at (etitioner .as already otained a divorce decree /rom a!erman cortH n -arcia v. ,ecio) *an +orn v. ,omillo 'r.)and (lorente v. Court of Appeals) we consistently .eld t.at a divorceotained aroad y an alien may e reconi9ed in or risdiction)(rovided sc. decree is valid accordin to t.e national law o/ t.e

/oreiner" Relevant to t.e (resent case is Pilapil v. bay/&omera)w.ere t.is Cort s(eci/ically reconi9ed t.e validity o/ a divorceotained y a !erman citi9en in .is contry) t.e Federal Re(lic o/!ermany" ?e .eld in Pilapilt.at a /orein divorce and its leal e//ectsmay e reconi9ed in t.e P.ili((ines inso/ar as res(ondent isconcerned in view o/ t.e nationality (rinci(le in or civil law on t.estats o/ (ersons"

25
http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2001/oct2001/138322.htmhttp://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2000/nov2000/124371.htmhttp://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2001/oct2001/138322.htmhttp://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2000/nov2000/124371.htm


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n t.is case) t.e divorce decree issed y t.e !erman cort datedDecemer 1$) 1&&6 .as not een c.allened y eit.er o/ t.e (arties"n /act) save /or t.e isse o/ (arental cstody) even t.e trial cort

reconi9ed said decree to e valid and indin) t.erey endowin(rivate res(ondent t.e ca(acity to remarry" .s) t.e (resentcontroversy mainly relates to t.e award o/ t.e cstody o/ t.eir twoc.ildren) Carolynne and 'leEandra Oristine) to (etitioner"'s a eneral rle) divorce decrees otained y /oreiners in ot.ercontries are reconi9ale in or risdiction) t t.e leal e//ectst.ereo/) e"" on cstody) care and s((ort o/ t.e c.ildren) mst stille determined y or corts" @e/ore or corts can ive t.e e//ecto/ res dicata to a /orein dment) sc. as t.e award o/ cstodyto (etitioner y t.e !erman cort) it mst e s.own t.at t.e (artieso((osed to t.e dment .ad een iven am(le o((ortnity to do soon ronds allowed nder Rle %&) Section 50 o/ t.e Rles o/ Cort=now Rle %&) Section 4*) 1&&6 Rles o/ Civil Procedre>) to wit:

SNC" 50" N//ect o/ /orein dments" - .e e//ect o/ adment o/ a trinal o/ a /orein contry) .avinrisdiction to (rononce t.e dment is as /ollows:=a> n case o/ a dment (on a s(eci/ic t.in) t.edment is conclsive (on t.e title to t.e t.in=> n case o/ a dment aainst a (erson) t.e

dment is (resm(tive evidence o/ a ri.t as etweent.e (arties and t.eir sccessors in interest y asseent title t t.e dment may e re(elled yevidence o/ a want o/ risdiction) want o/ notice to t.e(arty) collsion) /rad) or clear mista


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(ro(erly determine its e//icacy" n t.is risdiction) or Rles o/Cort clearly (rovide t.at wit. res(ect to actions in (ersonam) asdistinis.ed /rom actions in rem) a /orein dment merely

constittes (rima /acie evidence o/ t.e stness o/ t.e claim o/ a(arty and) as sc.) is sect to (roo/ to t.e contrary"n t.e (resent case) it cannot e said t.at (rivate res(ondent wasiven t.e o((ortnity to c.allene t.e dment o/ t.e !erman cortso t.at t.ere is asis /or declarin t.at dment as res dicata wit.reard to t.e ri.ts o/ (etitioner to .ave (arental cstody o/ t.eirtwo c.ildren" .e (roceedins in t.e !erman cort weresmmary" 's to w.at was t.e eEtent o/ (rivate res(ondentGs(artici(ation in t.e (roceedins in t.e !erman cort) t.e recordsremain nclear" .e divorce decree itsel/ states t.at neit.er .as s.ecommented on t.e (roceedins nor .as s.e iven .er o(inion to t.eSocial Services 8//ice" Bnli


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res(ondent eEceeded t.e onds o/ .er risdiction w.en s.eclaimed coni9ance o/ t.e isse concernin (ro(erty relationsetween (etitioner and (rivate res(ondent" Private res(ondent

.ersel/ .as admitted in Par" 14 o/ .er (etition /or declaration o/nllity o/ marriae dated 'st 2$) 1&&$ /iled wit. t.e RC o/a


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Kan Dorn v" Romillo 7r" decrees t.at aliens may otain divorcesaroad) w.ic. may e reconi9ed in t.e P.ili((ines) (rovided t.ey

are valid accordin to t.eir national law"3 .ere/ore) e/ore a /oreindivorce decree can e reconi9ed y or corts) t.e (arty (leadin itmst (rove t.e divorce as a /act and demonstrate its con/ormity tot.e /orein law allowin it" Presentation solely o/ t.e divorce decreeis ins//icient"

Article 1&21

evelo!;ent 8an= of t)e ")ils.5s CA

$R %o. L1&&37 (arc) 21' 1&&+

/ t.e t.ird (erson dealin wit. an aent is naware o/ t.e limitso/ t.e at.ority con/erred y t.e (rinci(al on t.e aent and .e=t.ird (erson> .as een deceived y t.e non-disclosre t.ereo/ yt.e aent) t.en t.e latter is liale /or damaes to .im =Kolentino) Commentaries and 7ris(rdence on t.e Civil Code o/t.e P.ili((ines) (" 422 1&&2+) citin Sentencia Ca+ o/Se(temer 25) 1&06>" .e rle t.at t.e aent is liale w.en .eacts wit.ot at.ority is /onded (on t.e s((osition t.at t.ere.as een some wron or omission on .is (art eit.er in

misre(resentin) or in a//irmin) or concealin t.e at.ority nderw.ic. .e assmes to act =Francisco) K") 'ency %06 1&52+) citinAall v" Laderdale) 4$ #"Y" 60) 65>" nasmc. as t.e non-disclosre o/ t.e limits o/ t.e aency carries wit. it t.e im(licationt.at a dece(tion was (er(etrated on t.e nss(ectin client) t.e(rovisions o/ 'rticles 1&) 20 and 21 o/ t.e Civil Code o/ t.e

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P.ili((ines come into (lay"

'rticle 1& (rovides:

Nvery (erson mst) in t.e eEercise o/ .is ri.ts and int.e (er/ormance o/ .is dties) act wit. stice iveeveryone .is de and oserve .onesty and ood /ait."

'rticle 20 (rovides:

Nvery (erson w.o) contrary to law) will/lly orneliently cases damae to anot.er) s.all indemni/yt.e latter /or t.e same"

'rticle 21 (rovides:

'ny (erson) w.o will/lly cases loss or inry toanot.er in a manner t.at is contrary to morals) oodcstoms or (lic (olicy s.all com(ensate t.e latter/or t.e damae"

-y!itc)in9 v. #uia;co

!"R" #o" 14$%22" Decemer $)200$+

Honeste vivere non alterum laedere et 0us suum cui!uetribuere. o live virtosly) not to inre ot.ers and to iveeveryone .is de"

/ a mortaee is nale to otain (ossession o/ amortaed (ro(erty /or its sale on /oreclosre)he must bring a

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civil action either to recover such possession as a preliminary step

to the sale or to obtain 0udicial foreclosure.

'rticle 1&) also


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%i==o otel (anila $arden v.Reyes!"R" #o" 15425& Ferary 2*) 2005+

.e doctrine o/ volenti non fit in0uria =to w.ic. a (erson assentsis not esteemed in law as inry3> re/ers to sel/-in/licted inry orto t.e consent to inry w.ic. (recldes t.e recovery o/ damaes

y one w.o .as


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r" Reyes to leave"

s" Lim) not .avin ased .er ri.t to as< r" Reyes to leave t.e(arty to w.ic. .e was not invited) cannot e made liale to (ay

/or damaes nder 'rticles 1& and 21 o/ t.e Civil Code"

$ASE( S,,>AT 8A>S vs.C,-RT ,0 A""EALS!"R" #o" &6%%$) Ferary 1&) 1&&%+

n t.e li.t o/ t.e aove ladale (r(ose o/ 'rticle 21) ?e are o/t.e o(inion) and so .old) t.at w.ere a man;s (romise to marry isin /act t.e (roEimate case o/ t.e acce(tance o/ .is love y awoman and .is re(resentation to /l/ill t.at (romise t.erea/terecomes t.e (roEimate case o/ t.e ivin o/ .ersel/ nto .im ina seEal conress) (roo/ t.at .e .ad) in reality) no intention o/marryin .er and t.at t.e (romise was only a stle sc.eme or

dece(tive device to entice or inveile .er to acce(t .im and tootain .er consent to t.e seEal act) cold sti/y t.e award o/damaes (rsant to 'rticle 21 not ecase o/ sc. (romise tomarry t ecase o/ t.e /rad and deceit e.ind it and t.e will/linry to .er .onor and re(tation w.ic. /ollowed t.erea/ter" t isessential) .owever) t.at sc. inry s.old .ave een committedin a manner contrary to morals) ood cstoms or (lic (olicy"

n t.e instant case) res(ondent Cort /ond t.at it was t.e

(etitioner;s /radlent and dece(tive (rotestations o/ love /or and(romise to marry (lainti// t.at made .er srrender .er virte andwoman.ood to .im and to live wit. .im on t.e .onest and sincereelie/ t.at .e wold


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srrendered .er virinity) t.e c.eris.ed (ossession o/ every sinleFili(ina) not ecase o/ lst t ecase o/ moral sedction M t.e


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o/ .avin illicit relations wit. .er" .e wron .e .as cased .erand .er /amily is indeed immeasrale considerin t.e /act t.at .e

is a married man" Kerily) .e .as committed an inry to Lolita;s/amily in a manner contrary to morals) ood cstoms and (lic(olicy as contem(lated in 'rticle 21 o/ t.e new Civil Code"

?ANRNF8RN) t.e decision a((ealed /rom is reversed" De/endant is.erey sentenced to (ay t.e (lainti//s t.e sm o/ P5)000"00 asdamaes and P2)000"00 as attorney;s /ees and eE(enses o/litiations" Costs aainst a((ellee"

S"S #uisu;:in9 vs (ERALC,!"R" #o" 142&4% '(ril %) 2002

'rticle 221& o/ t.e Civil Code lists t.e instances w.en moraldamaes may e recovered" 8ne sc. case is w.en t.e ri.ts o/individals) incldin t.e ri.t aainst de(rivation o/ (ro(ertywit.ot de (rocess o/ law) are violated"

oral damaes inclde (.ysical s//erin) mental anis.) /ri.t)serios anEiety) esmirc.ed re(tation) wonded /eelins) morals.oc t.ere is an inry -- w.et.er (.ysical) mentalor (syc.oloical -- clearly sstained y t.e claimant =2> t.ere is acl(ale act or omission /actally estalis.ed =%> t.e wron/l act

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or omission o/ t.e de/endant is t.e (roEimate case o/ t.e inrysstained y t.e claimant and =4> t.e award o/ damaes is(redicated on any o/ t.e cases stated in 'rticle 221& o/ t.e Civil

Code"

$L,8E (AC>A CA8LE G RA/,C,R",RAT/,% 5S C,-RT ,0A""EALS!"R" #o" *12$2) 'st 25) 1&*&+

'rt" 1&" Nvery (erson mst) in t.e eEercise o/ .is ri.ts and in t.e(er/ormance o/ .is dties) act wit. stice) ive everyone .is de)and oserve .onesty and ood /ait."

.is article)


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-%/5ERS/T ,0 TE EAST vs"R,(E, A. AER!"R" #o" 1%2%44 Ferary 16)

2000

ay an edcational instittion e .eld liale /or damaes /ormisleadin a stdent into elievin t.at t.e latter .ad satis/ied allt.e reirements /or radation w.en sc. is not t.e caseH

Petitioner =Bniversity o/ t.e Nast>) in elatedly in/orminres(ondent =7ader> o/ t.e reslt o/ t.e removal eEamination)(articlarly at a time w.en .e .ad already commenced (re(arin/or t.e ar eEams) cannot e said to .ave acted in ood /ait."A:sence of 9ood fait) ;ust :e sufficiently esta:lis)ed for asuccessful !rosecution :y t)e a99rieved !arty in a suit fora:use of ri9)t under Article 1& of t)e Civil Code. $ood fait)connotes an )onest intention to a:stain fro; ta=in9 undueadvanta9e of anot)er' even t)ou9) t)e for;s andtec)nicalities of t)e law' to9et)er wit) t)e a:sence of all

infor;ation or :elief of facts' would render t)e transactionunconscientious.t is t.e sc.ool t.at .as access to t.osein/ormation and it is only t.e sc.ool t.at can com(el its (ro/essorsto act and com(ly wit. its rles) relations and (olicies wit.res(ect to t.e com(tation and t.e (rom(t smission o/ rades"Stdents do not eEercise control) mc. less in/lence) over t.eway an edcational instittion s.old rn its a//airs) (articlarly indisci(linin its (ro/essors and teac.ers and ensrin t.eircom(liance wit. t.e sc.ool;s rles and orders" @ein t.e (arty t.at

.ired t.em) it is t.e sc.ool t.at eEercises eneral s(ervision andeEclsive control over t.e (ro/essors wit. res(ect to t.esmission o/ re(orts involvin t.e stdents; standin" NEclsivecontrol means t.at no ot.er (erson or entity .ad any control overt.e instrmentality w.ic. cased t.e damae or inry"

Article 22

37


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Article 26

TE%CA5E? v. ESCA%,!"R" #o" L-1&$61" #ovemer 2&)1&$5+

.e law distinis.es etween t.e ri.t o/ a (arent to interest .imsel/in t.e marital a//airs o/ .is c.ild and t.e asence o/ ri.ts in astraner to intermeddle in sc. a//airs" Aowever) sc. distinctionetween t.e liaility o/ (arents and t.at o/ straners is only in reardto w.at will sti/y inter/erence" ' (arent is liale /or alienation o/a//ections resltin /rom .is own malicios condct) as w.ere .ewron/lly entices .is son or da.ter to leave .is or .er s(ose) t.e is not liale nless .e acts maliciosly) wit.ot sti/ication and/rom nwort.y motives" Ae is not liale w.ere .e acts and advises .isc.ild in ood /ait. wit. res(ect to .is c.ild;s marital relations in t.einterest o/ .is c.ild as .e sees it) t.e marriae o/ .is c.ild notterminatin .is ri.t and lierty to interest .imsel/ in) and eeEtremely solicitos /or) .is c.ild;s wel/are and .a((iness) even w.ere.is condct and advice sest or reslt in t.e se(aration o/ t.es(oses or t.e otainin o/ a divorce or annlment) or w.ere .e actsnder mista


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ST. L,-/S REALTC,R",RAT/,%' vs. C,-RT ,0

A""EALS and C,%RA, .ARA(/L

!"R" #o" L-4$0$1 #ovemer 14)1&*4+

'rticle 221& allows moral damaes /or acts and actions mentioned in'rticle 2$" 's lent.ily eE(lained y 7stice !atmaitan) t.e acts and

omissions o/ t.e /irm /an nder 'rticle 2$"

St" Lois Realty;s em(loyee was rossly nelient in miEin ( t.e'ramil and 'rcadio residences in a widely circlated (lication li


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t so intimately connected wit. it t.at it determines t.e ilt orinnocence o/ t.e accsed) and /or it to ss(end t.e criminal action) itmst a((ear not only t.at said case involves /acts intimately related

to t.ose (on w.ic. t.e criminal (rosection wold e ased t alsot.at in t.e resoltion o/ t.e isse or isses raised in t.e civil case) t.eilt or innocence o/ t.e accsed wold necessarily e determined"tcomes into (lay enerally in a sitation w.ere a civil action and acriminal action are ot. (endin and t.ere eEists in t.e /ormer anisse w.ic. mst e (reem(tively resolved e/ore t.e criminal actionmay (roceed) ecase .owsoever t.e isse raised in t.e civil action isresolved wold e determinative0uris et de 0ureo/ t.e ilt orinnocence o/ t.e accsed in t.e criminal case"

ore sim(ly) /or t.e cort to a((reciate t.e (endency o/ a (redicialestion) t.e law)in no ncertain terms) reires t.e concrrence o/two essential reisites) to wit:

a> .e civil action involves an isse similar or intimately relatedto t.e isse raised in t.e criminal action and

> .e resoltion o/ sc. isse determines w.et.er or not t.ecriminal action may (roceed"

ART-R TE 5S C,-RT ,0A""EALS!"R" #o" 12$64$" #ovemer 2&)2000+

' (redicial estion .as een de/ined as one ased on a /actdistinct and se(arate /rom t.e crime t so intimately connected wit.it t.at it determines t.e ilt or innocence o/ t.e accsed) and /or itto ss(end t.e criminal action) it mst a((ear not only t.at said caseinvolves /acts intimately related to t.ose (on w.ic. t.e criminal

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(rosection wold e ased t also t.at in t.e resoltion o/ t.e isseor isses raised in t.e civil case) t.e ilt or innocence o/ t.e accsedwold necessarily e determined" .e rationale e.ind t.e (rinci(le o/

ss(endin a criminal case in view o/ a (redicial estion is to avoidtwo con/lictin decisions"

$.R. %o. 13711Au9ust 1' 2

5/%CE%T "A-L $. (ERCA,a.=.a. 5/%CE%T $.(ERCA,' !etitioner'vs.

C,%S-EL, TA%' res!ondent

t is now settled t.at t.e /act t.at t.e /irst marriae is void /rom t.eeinnin is not a de/ense in a iamy c.are" 's wit. a voidalemarriae) t.ere mst e a dicial declaration o/ t.e nllity o/ amarriae e/ore contractin t.e second marriae" 'rticle 40 o/ t.eFamily Code states t.at E E E" .e Code Commission elieves t.at t.e(arties to a marriae s.old not e allowed to assme t.at t.eirmarriae is void) even i/ sc. is t.e /act) t mst /irst secre a

dicial declaration o/ nllity o/ t.eir marriae e/ore t.ey s.old eallowed to marry aain"

(ori9o v. "eo!le!"R" #o" 14522$" Ferary 0$)2004+

' dicial declaration o/ nllity o/ a (revios marriae is necessarye/ore a sseent one can e leally contracted" 8ne w.o entersinto a sseent marriae wit.ot /irst otainin sc. dicialdeclaration is ilty o/ iamy" .is (rinci(le a((lies even i/ t.eearlier nion is c.aracteri9ed y stattes as void"3

.e mere (rivate act o/ sinin a marriae contract ears nosemlance to a valid marriae and t.s) needs no dicial declarationo/ nllity" Sc. act alone) wit.ot more) cannot e deemed toconstitte an ostensily valid marriae /or w.ic. (etitioner mi.t e.eld liale /or iamy nless .e /irst secres a dicial declaration o/nllity e/ore .e contracts a sseent marriae".e law a.ors an instice and t.e Cort is mandated to lierally

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constre a (enal statte in /avor o/ an accsed and wei. everycircmstance in /avor o/ t.e (resm(tion o/ innocence to ensre t.atstice is done" Bnder t.e circmstances o/ t.e (resent case) we .eld

t.at (etitioner .as not committed iamy" Frt.er) we also /ind t.atwe need not tarry on t.e isse o/ t.e validity o/ .is de/ense o/ ood/ait. or lac< o/ criminal intent) w.ic. is now moot and academic"

S!s. u vs. "C/8 ' (redicial estion is one t.at arises in a case t.e resoltion o/w.ic. is a loical antecedent o/ t.e isse involved t.erein) and t.econi9ance o/ w.ic. (ertains to anot.er trinal" t enerally comesinto (lay in a sitation w.ere a civil action and a criminal action areot. (endin and t.ere eEists in t.e /ormer an isse t.at mst e(reem(tively resolved e/ore t.e criminal action may (roceed)ecase .owsoever t.e isse raised in t.e civil action is resolved

wold e determinative ris et de re o/ t.e ilt or innocence o/t.e accsed in t.e criminal case" .e rationale e.ind t.e (rinci(le o/(redicial estion is to avoid two con/lictin decisions"n t.e (resent case) t.e com(laint o/ t.e (etitioners /or 'nnlment o/NEtradicial Sale is a civil action and t.e res(ondentGs (etition /or t.eissance o/ a writ o/ (ossession is t an incident in t.e landreistration case and) t.ere/ore) no (redicial estion can arise/rom t.e eEistence o/ t.e two actions" .e asic isse in t.e /ormer isw.et.er t.e res(ondent) as t.e (rc.aser in t.e eEtradicial

/oreclosre (roceedins) may e com(elled to .ave t.e (ro(ertyre(rc.ased or resold to a mortaorGs sccessor-in-interest=(etitioner> w.ile t.at in t.e latter is merely w.et.er t.eres(ondent) as t.e (rc.aser in t.e eEtradicial /oreclosre(roceedins) is entitled to a writ o/ (ossession a/ter t.e stattory(eriod /or redem(tion .as eE(ired" .e two cases) assmin ot. are(endin) can (roceed se(arately and ta


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inde(endent o/ eac. ot.er" @ot. are civil in natre"

onato vs. Luna

!"R" #o" 5%$42) '(ril 15) 1&**+

Prsant to t.e doctrine discssed in Landic.o vs" Relova) (etitioner

Donato cannot a((ly t.e rle on (redicial estions since a case /orannlment o/ marriae can e considered as a (redicial estion tot.e iamy case aainst t.e accsed only i/ it is (roved t.at t.e(etitioner;s consent to sc. marriae was otained y means o/dress) violence and intimidation in order to estalis. t.at .is act int.e sseent marriae was an involntary one and as sc. t.esame cannot e t.e asis /or conviction" .e (recedin elements donot eEist in t.e case at ar"

Art 37*1

#ui;i9uin9 v. /cao

B$.R. %o. 267&* uly 31' 1&7

?e /ind t.e a((ealed orders o/ t.e cort elow to e ntenale" 'conceived c.ild) alt.o. as yet norn) is iven y law a (rovisional(ersonality o/ its own /or all (r(oses /avorale to it) as eE(licitly(rovided in 'rticle 40 o/ t.e Civil Code o/ t.e P.ili((ines" .e nornc.ild) t.ere/ore) .as a ri.t to s((ort /rom its (roenitors)(articlarly o/ t.e de/endant-a((ellee =w.ose (aternity is deemedadmitted /or t.e (r(ose o/ t.e motion to dismiss>) even i/ t.e saidc.ild is only en ventre de sa mere st as a conceived c.ild) even i/

as yet norn) may receive donations as (rescried y 'rticle 642 o/t.e same Code) and its ein inored y t.e (arent in .is testamentmay reslt in (reterition o/ a /orced .eir t.at annls t.e instittion o/t.e testamentary .eir) even i/ sc. c.ild s.old e orn a/ter t.edeat. o/ t.e testator 'rticle *54) Civil Code>"

t is t.s clear t.at t.e lower cort;s t.eory t.at 'rticle 2&1 o/ t.e

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Civil Code declarin t.at s((ort is an oliation o/ (arents andilleitimate c.ildren does not contem(late s((ort to c.ildren as yet

norn) violates 'rticle 40 a/oresaid) esides im(osin a conditiont.at now.ere a((ears in t.e teEt o/ 'rticle 2&1" t is tre t.at 'rticle40 (rescriin t.at t.e conceived c.ild s.all e considered orn /orall (r(oses t.at are /avorale to it adds /rt.er (rovided it e ornlater wit. t.e conditions s(eci/ied in t.e /ollowin article =i"e") t.att.e /oets e alive at t.e time it is com(letely delivered /rom t.emot.er;s wom>" .is (roviso) .owever) is not a condition (recedentto t.e ri.t o/ t.e conceived c.ild /or i/ it were) t.e /irst (art o/'rticle 40 wold ecome entirely seless and ine//ective" anresa) in.is Commentaries =5t. Nd"> to t.e corres(ondin 'rticle 2& o/ t.e

S(anis. Civil Code) clearly (oints t.is ot"

$elu< vs Court of A!!eals$.R. %o. L16+3&' uly 2'1&61

Since an action /or (ecniary damaes on accont o/ (ersonal inryor deat. (ertains (rimarily to t.e one inred) it is easy to see t.at i/no action /or sc. damaes cold e institted on e.al/ o/ t.enorn c.ild on accont o/ t.e inries it received) no sc. ri.t o/action cold derivatively accre to its (arents or .eirs" n /act) even i/a case o/ action did accre on e.al/ o/ t.e norn c.ild) t.e same

was eEtinis.ed y its (re-natal deat.) since no transmission toanyone can ta


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alive: (rovided it e orn later wit. t.e condition s(eci/ied in t.e/ollowin article" n t.e (resent case) t.ere is no dis(te t.at t.ec.ild was dead w.en se(arated /rom its mot.er;s wom"

Li;Huco vs. Estate of "edro0ra9ante!"R" #o" L-660" '(ril 26) 1&4*+

Qestion=sse>:?.et.er or not t.e estate o/ t.e deceased=Frarante> may eeEtended an arti/icial ridical (ersonality"'nswer=Doctrine>:?it.in t.e P.iloso(.y o/ t.e (resent leal system) t.e nderlyinreason /or t.e leal /iction y w.ic.) /or certain (r(oses) t.e estateo/ t.e deceased (erson is considered a (erson is t.e avoidance o/instice or (redice resltin /rom t.e im(ossiility o/ eEercisinsc. leal ri.ts and /l/illin sc. leal oliations o/ t.e decedent

as srvived a/ter .is deat. nless t.e /iction is indled" Sstantiallyt.e same reason is assined to s((ort t.e same rle in t.erisdiction o/ t.e State o/ ndiana) as annonced in @illins vs" State)s(ra) w.en t.e S(reme Cort o/ said State said:" " " t seems reasonale t.at t.e estate o/ a decedent s.old erearded as an arti/icial (erson" it is t.e creation o/ law /or t.e(r(ose o/ enalin a dis(osition o/ t.e assets to e (ro(erly made " "" "?it.in t.e /ramewor< and (rinci(les o/ t.e constittion itsel/) to cite

st one eEam(le) nder t.e ill o/ ri.ts it seems clear t.at w.ile t.ecivil ri.ts aranteed t.erein in t.e maority o/ cases relate tonatral (ersons) t.e term (erson sed in section 1 =1> and =2> mste deemed to inclde arti/icial or ridical (ersons) /or ot.erwiset.ese latter wold e wit.ot t.e constittional arantee aainstein de(rived o/ (ro(erty wit.ot de (rocess o/ law) or t.eimmnity /rom nreasonale searc.es and sei9res" ?e ta


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was t.e intendment o/ t.e /ramers to inclde arti/icial or ridical) noless t.an natral) (ersons in t.ese constittional immnities and inot.ers o/ similar natre" 'mon t.ese arti/icial or ridical (ersons

/ire estates o/ deceased (ersons" Aence) we .old t.at wit.in t.e/ramewor< o/ t.e Constittion) t.e estate o/ Pedro 8" Frarantes.old e considered an arti/icial or ridical (erson /or t.e (r(oseso/ t.e settlement and distrition o/ .is estate w.ic.) o/ corse)inclde t.e eEercise drin t.e dicial administration t.ereo/ o/ t.oseri.ts and t.e /l/illment o/ t.ose oliations o/ .is w.ic. srviveda/ter .is deat." 8ne o/ t.ose ri.ts was t.e one involved in .is(endin a((lication e/ore t.e Plic Service Commission in t.einstant case) consistin in t.e (rosection o/ said a((lication to its/inal conclsion" 's stated aove) an instice wold ense /rom t.e

o((osite corse"

u;lao v. #uality "lastics 7SCRA +72!"R" #o" L-26&5$ '(ril %0) 1&6$+

&ummons &ervice of summons on a dead person is void, .ere isno di//iclty in resolvin t.at isse" Since no risdiction was aciredover 8ria) t.e dment aainst .im is a (atent nllity" 's /ar as 8riawas concerned) t.e lower cortGs dment aainst .im in Civil Case#o" -$$2 is void /or lac< o/ risdiction over .is (erson" Ae was not)and .e cold not .ave een) validly served wit. smmons" Ae .ad nomore civil (ersonality" Ais ridical ca(acity) w.ic. is t.e /itness to e

t.e sect o/ leal relations) was lost t.ro. deat."

(oy a Li; ao v.Co;;issioner of /;;i9ration!"R" #o" L-212*&" 8ctoer 4)1&61+

' (aramont (olicy consideration o/ raver im(ort s.old not eoverloo


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allegianceamon t.e memers o/ t.e /amily" =#elson v" #elson) 11%#e" 45%) 20% #" ?" $40 1&25+ see also Convention on t.e#ationality o/ arried ?omen: Aistorical @ac) in w.ose(reservation o/ State as a vital and endrin interest" =See 'rt" 21$)Civil Code>" .s) it .as een said t.at y tradition in or contry)

t.ere is a t.eoretic identity o/ (erson and interest etween .sandand wi/e) and /rom t.e natre o/ t.e relation) t.e .ome o/ one is t.ato/ t.e ot.er" =See De la Kia v" Killareal) 41 P.il" 1%>" t s.oldli $5 C"C"'") 1) 1%0 Fed" *%&) .eld: .e stats o/ t.e wi/e/ollows t.at o/ t.e .sand) """ and y virte o/ .er marriae .er

.sand;s domicile ecame .er domicile" 'nd t.e (resm(tion nderP.ili((ine law ein t.at t.eproperty relationso/ .sand and wi/eare nder t.e reime o/ conal (artners.i( ='rt" 11&) Civil Code>)t.e income o/ one is also t.at o/ t.e ot.er"

0rivaldo v Co;;ission onElections

Lee contends t.at t.e ay 1) 1&&5 Resoltion *3o/ t.e ComelecSecond Division in SP' #o" &5-02* as a//irmed in totoy Comelec 4n

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!"R" #o" 1202&5 7ne 2*) 1&&$+5ancin its Resoltion o/ ay 11) 1&&5 ecame /inal and eEectorya/ter /ive =5> days or on ay 16) 1&&5) no restrainin order .avineen issed y t.is Aonorale Cort"*+Aence) e/ore Lee was

(roclaimed as t.e elected overnor on 7ne %0) 1&&5) t.ere wasalready a /inal and eEectory dment disali/yin Frivaldo" Leeadds t.at t.is Cort;s two rlins =w.ic. Frivaldo now concedes wereleally correct> declarin Frivaldo an alien .ave also ecome /inaland eEectory way e/ore t.e 1&&5 elections) and t.ese dicial(rononcements o/ .is (olitical stats as an 'merican citi9enasoltely and /or all time disali/ied =.im> /rom rnnin /or) and.oldin any (lic o//ice in t.e P.ili((ines"

?e do not aree"

t s.old e noted t.at or /irst rlin in !"R" #o" *61&%disali/yin Frivaldo was rendered in connection wit. t.e 1&**elections w.ile t.at in !"R" #o" 104$54 was in connection wit. t.e1&&2 elections" .at .e was disali/ied /or sc. elections is /inal andcan no loner e c.aned" n t.e words o/ t.e res(ondentCommission =Second Division> in its assailed Resoltion: **

.e records s.ow t.at t.e Aonorale S(reme Cort .addecided t.at Frivaldo was not a Fili(ino citi9en and t.sdisali/ied /or t.e (r(ose o/ t.e 1&** and 1&&2elections" Aowever) t.ere is no record o/ any /inaldment o/ t.e disali/ication o/ Frivaldo as acandidate /or t.e ay *) 1&&5 elections" ?.at t.eCommission said in its 8rder o/ 7ne 21) 1&&5=implemented on 'une 67 899>) directin t.e

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(roclamation o/ Ral R" Lee) was t.at Frivaldo was not aFili(ino citi9en having been declared by the &upreme

Court in its :rder dated $arch 2 899 not a citi"en ofthe Philippines" .is declaration o/ t.e S(reme Cort).owever) was in connection wit. t.e 1&&2 elections"

ndeed) decisions declarin t.e acisition or denial o/citi9ens.i( cannot overn a (erson;s /tre stats wit. /inality" .is isecase a (erson may sseently reacire) or /or t.at matterlose) .is citi9ens.i( nder any o/ t.e modes reconi9ed y law /or t.e(r(ose" Aence) in (ee vs" Commissioner of mmigration)*6we .eld:

Nverytime t.e citi9ens.i( o/ a (erson is material or indis(ensale in adicial or administrative case) w.atever t.e corres(ondin cort oradministrative at.ority decides t.erein as to sc. citi9ens.i( isenerally not considered res 0udicata) .ence it .as to e t.res.ed otaain and aain) as st.e occasion demands"

Ro;ualde< v. Co;elec!R #8"11&&6$" Se(temer 1*) 1&&5+

'rticle 50 o/ t.e Civil Code decrees t.at /+or t.e eEercise o/civil ri.ts and t.e /l/illment o/ civil oliations) t.e domicile o/natral (ersons is t.eir (lace o/ .aital residence" n :ngvs" ,epublic 't.is cort too< t.e conce(t o/ domicile to mean anindividal;s (ermanent .ome) a (lace to w.ic.) w.enever asent/or siness or /or (leasre) one intends to retrn) and de(ends on/acts and circmstances in t.e sense t.at t.ey disclose intent" @asedon t.e /oreoin) domicile incldes t.e twin elements o/ t.e /act o/residin or (.ysical (resence in a /iEed (lace and animus manendi)

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or t.e intention o/ retrnin t.ere (ermanently"

Residence) in its ordinary conce(tion) im(lies t.e /actal

relations.i( o/ an individal to a certain (lace" t is t.e (.ysical(resence o/ a (erson in a iven area) commnity or contry" .eessential distinction etween residence and domicile in law is t.atresidence involves t.e intent to leave w.en t.e (r(ose /or w.ic. t.eresident .as ta

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