Civilizations of East Asia

Ch 5, p. 79

Lesson Summary• _____ ends in 220, chaos ensues• 300 years later Sui Dynasty emerges–Grand Canal

• _____________ pops up 40 yrs later– Land reforms, civil service exams are back– Expand power

• ____________ comes much later–Cultural flourishing, then Mongol invasion

China Reunified, Ch 5.1 Vocab

• Scholar-gentry ________________• Dowry• Period• Complexity

Unification Under Sui

• Sui Dynasty (581-618)–Re-Unification after 300 years of chaos

• ______________– Emperor Sui Yangdi completed GC, linking the

Yellow and Yangtze rivers–Good for ________ btwn N. and S. China–Ultimately leads to Sui downfall• Forced labor, high taxes, and extravagance at

court angers everyone

Tang Reforms• Tang Dynasty (618-907)–_____________: redistribute land to peasants–Gov’t. Reform: reinstituted civil service exams,

based on Confucius–Restore China’s Influence• Peace in NW China and control of Tibet. Diplomatic

relations with SE Asia

–Collapse• Corruption and rebellions (___________)

Prosperity Under Song

• _____________(960-1279)–Prosperous and cultural

growth– Invasions from North!• _____________ eventually

overwhelm in the late 1200s and control China shortly thereafter

Three Dynasties = Sui, Tang & Song

• Trade flourished and guilds grew• Banking and a money economy developed• Gunpowder invented and primitive flame-thrower

used in battle: the ___________!

Gov’t. & EconomyDuring Three Dynasties

• Mature political/economic system is born!• Monarchy and _________________– ____________________ create some social mobility and

a literate bureaucracy

• Farming: – Improved techniques and land reform produced more

food

Think-Pair-Share

• Why were the landed gentry that replaced the old aristocracy known as scholar-gentry?

OR

• How did the dowry contribute to female children being less desirable than male children?

Gov’t. & Economy, Cont’d.

• _________________________– All invented/discovered…better weapons, clothes

• Private merchants and guilds– Before Chinese gov’t. mostly controlled trade– Silk Road comes back b/c of Arab stability

• ___________– In the 700-800s paper money as currency started to

replace copper coins, banking blossomed

Chinese Society

• _______________ were an age of relative prosperity– Gap btwn rich and poor

narrowed

• BUT women still had very little power or influence during this time. – ___________ probably

started in the Song Dynasty

Lesson Summary• ______ ends in 220, chaos ensues• 300 years later Sui Dynasty emerges–Grand Canal

• __________ pops up 40 yrs later– Land reforms, civil service exams are back– Expand power

• ____________ comes much later–Cultural flourishing, then Mongol invasion

Ch 5.1 Discussion & Review• What traditional ideals underlined Chinese gov’t.

during the Three Dynasties?– ________________

• How did the Tang Dynasty improve farming and food production?– ________________________________

• What is the name for the major trade artery that winds through Asia to Europe?– ________________________

Mongols and Chinese Culture

Ch 5.2, p. 87

Ch 5.2 Vocab

• Khanate• Neo-Confucianism• Porcelain

Mongol Empire

• Origins–Nomads from northern Asia, raised livestock and

travelled by horseback

• _______________–Unifies Mongols in early 1200s and conquers

largest land empire of all time• After death divides empire into 4 ______________

_________________

• Grandson of Genghis–Completes conquest of China, creates Yuan

Dynasty in 1279• Rules from capital called Khanbalik• Adopts and modifies current political system• Eventually, the locals love Kublai Khan

• BUT ____ to capture Japan and Indonesia–Bad weather…_____________!

The Growth of Trade

• Mongols brought all of Eurasian land mass under unified rule– LARGEST ________________, ever…

• Lots of trade and reinvigoration of Silk Road

Mongol Religion & Gov’t.

• ____________________– From India to China in 1st Century– Imperial court gets upset b/c of land and serfs

• Tang Dynasty destroys temples and makes followers “get back to work”

• Confucianism Neo-Confucianism– Song Dynasty modernizes ideals to include societal

benefits• Fulfillment comes from participation in material world

Golden Age

• Cultural Advancements from Tang and Yuan– Printing invented in movable type– Famous poetry• ___________________

– Doaist painting• Landscape art from Song and Yuan dynasties, nature

– Porcelain unrivaled, even today (Tang)

Ch 5.2 Discussion & Review• T/F: Neo-Confucianism did not address ideas tackled

by Buddhism and Daoism.– ______________________

• Who led the Yuan Dynasty– ________________

• Cultural advances occurred most in which dynasty: Song, Tang, or Yuan?– _______

Early Japan and Korea

Ch 5.3, p. 92

Vocab• Samurai• Bushido• Shogun• Daimyo• Shinto• Zen• Archipelago• Revenue• Code

Yamato Clan• Most ppl in clan were farmers or other workers,

headed by an aristocratic group of rulers• In the early 600s Shotoku Taishi, a ___________

prince, came into power and mimic the Chinese Tang model of government. – New tax system where money went directly to

central leadership, rather than random aristocrats

After Shotoku Taishi’s Death

• The ____________ clan gains power– BUT the central government loses power to the

aristocrats in the process• Taxes start to “disappear”

• ____________ must be used for protection!

First Shogunate• By 12th Century, aristocratic rivalries at fever pitch• Minamoto Yoritomo defeated his rivals and started

_____________________– 1192 to 1333– Centralized gov’t. again, but Shogun controls military

state and Emperor only serves as figure head

• Emperor is considered a ______________

The Horde Returns!

• In 1281 ________ __________ sends 150,000 soldiers to attack Japan

• “The Great Wave” aka Tsunami devastates fleet

But Kamakura Falls Anyway…

• In 1333 several powerful families overwhelm the ________________.– Civil War resumes

Query

• Why do you think it was important for Japan to have an emperor, even though he had no real power?– ________________________________________

Life in Early Japan

• Farming society, slow to develop–Manufacturing and trade pick up during

Kamakura• Active women, but still ________________–Could divorce (if abandoned) and receive

inheritance• BUT husband could divorce if wife did not produce

son, committed adultery, __________________, was jealous or had an illness. YIKES.

Early Japanese Religion

• Called ___________ (“Sacred Way” or “Way of the Gods”)– All about spirit ancestors and nature spirits– Eventually leads to Emperor as sacred being• Literally a hand of ___________

Query

• Why do you think most of Japan’s imports came from China and Korea?– _________________________________________

_____________________________

Female Writers

• Prose fiction very popular amongst females– Aristocratic men believed that writing prose was

beneath them.– Non-aristocratic men probably couldn’t write

• __________________ and architecture were big themes

• The Tale of Genji– Written by Lady Murasaki, earliest written novel

Korea, cont’d.

• Mountainous peninsula• Three kingdoms emerge–___________: largest, established royal lineage–___________: in to Buddhism–__________: aristocratic, sided with Chinese and

defeates other two kingdoms

• Buddhism takes hold

Silla Rules!

• Dominant b/c of Chinese aid• Civil War after Silla King is assassinated–________________ results (root name for Korea)– Then Mongols come in and make the Koreans

build ships for Kublai Khan’s fleet (to attack Japan)

Ch 5.3 Discussion & Review

• The Japanese leader responsible for military control is called a __________.– ________________

• What was the main directive of all samurai warriors?– ________________________________

• What were the three kingdoms of early Korea?– ________________________________