Civil War Civil War BeginsBegins1861-1861-

18651865

United States of United States of AmericaAmerica

vs.vs.Confederate Confederate

States of States of AmericaAmerica

The War BeginsThe War Begins U.S. government declared it was illegal for any state to U.S. government declared it was illegal for any state to

secede – Southerners disagreedsecede – Southerners disagreed North is the Union ~ other nicknames are Blue Bellies, North is the Union ~ other nicknames are Blue Bellies,

Yankees and Billy YankYankees and Billy Yank South is the Confederacy ~ other nicknames are Grey South is the Confederacy ~ other nicknames are Grey

Backs, Rebels and Johnny RebBacks, Rebels and Johnny Reb Confederate troops seized all federal forts, navy yards Confederate troops seized all federal forts, navy yards

and and arsenalsarsenals arsenalsarsenals – storehouse for weapons – storehouse for weapons 500 volunteers seized the Alamo, a U.S. 500 volunteers seized the Alamo, a U.S. arsenalarsenal in in

TexasTexas

North vs. SouthNorth vs. South

The War BeginsThe War Begins One fort in the South was still being controlled by One fort in the South was still being controlled by

the Unionthe Union Fort Sumter, located in South Carolina, was Fort Sumter, located in South Carolina, was

important to the Confederacyimportant to the Confederacy It guarded the port of the Charleston HarborIt guarded the port of the Charleston Harbor On April 12, 1861, the Confederacy fired the first On April 12, 1861, the Confederacy fired the first

shot and attacked Fort Sumtershot and attacked Fort Sumter The Union quickly surrendered the fort the next day The Union quickly surrendered the fort the next day

– ran out of ammunition– ran out of ammunition This marked the beginning of the Civil War that This marked the beginning of the Civil War that

would last four (4) terrible yearswould last four (4) terrible years

Fort SumterFort Sumter

Strengths and Strengths and WeaknessesWeaknesses South’s Disadvantages / North’s AdvantagesSouth’s Disadvantages / North’s Advantages

Only 1 million men of fighting age in SouthOnly 1 million men of fighting age in South 4 million men of fighting age in North4 million men of fighting age in North South’s population was 9 millionSouth’s population was 9 million North’s population was 22 millionNorth’s population was 22 million South had to import war supplies from EuropeSouth had to import war supplies from Europe North had factories (80%) to produce weaponsNorth had factories (80%) to produce weapons North had more railroads to move soldiersNorth had more railroads to move soldiers North had stronger navy / larger fleet of shipsNorth had stronger navy / larger fleet of ships North’s government was more organizedNorth’s government was more organized

Strengths and Strengths and WeaknessesWeaknesses South’s Advantages / North’s DisadvantagesSouth’s Advantages / North’s Disadvantages

South fighting a defensive warSouth fighting a defensive war North fighting offensive war – had to travelNorth fighting offensive war – had to travel South knew countryside better – “home turf”South knew countryside better – “home turf” North had huge area of unfamiliar land to North had huge area of unfamiliar land to

conquer – “invaders”conquer – “invaders” South believed they were fighting for South believed they were fighting for

independence ~ defending their way of lifeindependence ~ defending their way of life North had much longer supply lines to protect North had much longer supply lines to protect

and open to attacksand open to attacks

Military Military LeadersLeaders

South had more experienced military leadersSouth had more experienced military leaders President Jefferson DavisPresident Jefferson Davis

Graduated from West PointGraduated from West Point Served as Secretary of WarServed as Secretary of War Officer in Mexican WarOfficer in Mexican War

General Robert E. LeeGeneral Robert E. Lee Graduated from West PointGraduated from West Point Officer in Mexican WarOfficer in Mexican War Surrendered at Appomattox Court HouseSurrendered at Appomattox Court House

Jefferson Jefferson DavisDavis

Robert E.Robert E.LeeLee

Military Military LeadersLeaders

North had many military leaders throughout the North had many military leaders throughout the Civil WarCivil War

President Lincoln would appoint new commanders President Lincoln would appoint new commanders to try to get better resultsto try to get better results

Irvin McDowell – Bull RunIrvin McDowell – Bull Run George B. McClellan – AntietamGeorge B. McClellan – Antietam Ambrose Burnside - FredericksburgAmbrose Burnside - Fredericksburg George Meade - GettysburgGeorge Meade - Gettysburg Ulysses S. Grant – Shiloh and VicksburgUlysses S. Grant – Shiloh and Vicksburg

Union Union StrategiesStrategies

The Union Navy attempted to The Union Navy attempted to blockadeblockade southern southern portsports

blockadeblockade – closes a port by positioning ships to – closes a port by positioning ships to keep people or supplies from moving in or outkeep people or supplies from moving in or out

Ports were important to the SouthPorts were important to the South South were dependent on imports from Europe South were dependent on imports from Europe

for weapons and suppliesfor weapons and supplies Union would seize control of the Mississippi River Union would seize control of the Mississippi River

~ New Orleans port~ New Orleans port

Civil War BlockadesCivil War Blockades

Famous BattlesFamous Battles Battle of Bull Run was the first major battle of the Battle of Bull Run was the first major battle of the

Civil War in July 1861Civil War in July 1861 Confederacy won the Battle of Bull RunConfederacy won the Battle of Bull Run Both sides learned that their soldiers needed Both sides learned that their soldiers needed

more training more training It also showed that the war would be long and It also showed that the war would be long and

bloodybloody Union won the Battle of Shiloh in April 1862 ~ Union won the Battle of Shiloh in April 1862 ~

bloodiest battle of Civil Warbloodiest battle of Civil War Ulysses S. Grant would lead the Union army at Ulysses S. Grant would lead the Union army at

ShilohShiloh

Battle of Bull RunBattle of Bull Run

Battle of ShilohBattle of Shiloh

Ulysses S. Ulysses S. GrantGrant

Famous BattlesFamous Battles Neither side was a clear winner in the Neither side was a clear winner in the

Battle of Antietam in September 1862Battle of Antietam in September 1862 23,000 Union and Confederate soldiers 23,000 Union and Confederate soldiers

killed or woundedkilled or wounded In December 1862, Confederacy won the In December 1862, Confederacy won the

Battle of FredericksburgBattle of Fredericksburg Fredericksburg was one of the Union’s Fredericksburg was one of the Union’s

worst defeatsworst defeats In May 1863, Confederacy won the Battle In May 1863, Confederacy won the Battle

of Chancellorsvilleof Chancellorsville

Battle of AntietamBattle of Antietam

Famous BattlesFamous Battles In July 1863, Union won the Battle of In July 1863, Union won the Battle of

VicksburgVicksburg Union won the Battle of Gettysburg in July Union won the Battle of Gettysburg in July

18631863 These two (2) Union victories marked a These two (2) Union victories marked a

turning point in the Civil Warturning point in the Civil War It appeared Confederacy would fall…It appeared Confederacy would fall… South was still determined to fightSouth was still determined to fight The war would last another two (2) years!The war would last another two (2) years!

Texas BattlesTexas Battles Texans intended to seize Southwest and California for Texans intended to seize Southwest and California for

the Confederacythe Confederacy It would give them access to gold mines and ports on It would give them access to gold mines and ports on

Pacific OceanPacific Ocean Texas soldiers captured Santa Fe and AlbuquerqueTexas soldiers captured Santa Fe and Albuquerque They were running low on suppliesThey were running low on supplies Union troops captured their supply train at Glorieta PassUnion troops captured their supply train at Glorieta Pass Confederate troops were forced to retreatConfederate troops were forced to retreat Union controlled Southwest for rest of war Union controlled Southwest for rest of war

Glorieta Glorieta PassPass

Battle of Battle of GalvestonGalveston Union warships set up a Union warships set up a blockadeblockade off the Texas coast to off the Texas coast to

stop tradestop trade Union troops occupied GalvestonUnion troops occupied Galveston Texans converted two (2) steamboats into warships in Texans converted two (2) steamboats into warships in

early 1863early 1863 Texans forced the Union warships out of the Gulf and Texans forced the Union warships out of the Gulf and

retook Galvestonretook Galveston Confederates controlled the port for the rest of the warConfederates controlled the port for the rest of the war The defense of the Texas coast was one of the The defense of the Texas coast was one of the

Confederacy’s greatest successesConfederacy’s greatest successes

Battle of Battle of GalvestonGalveston

Battle of Sabine Battle of Sabine PassPass Union troops tried to attack the Texas Union troops tried to attack the Texas

coast again at the Sabine Pass (port)coast again at the Sabine Pass (port) Texans traded cotton for much needed Texans traded cotton for much needed

weapons and medical supplies at the portweapons and medical supplies at the port Union tried to take a fort that protected the Union tried to take a fort that protected the

pass in September 1863pass in September 1863 Texans fired cannons from the fort and Texans fired cannons from the fort and

forced two (2) Union ships to retreatforced two (2) Union ships to retreat Texans captured 300 Union soldiersTexans captured 300 Union soldiers The Texas coast was needed to trade with The Texas coast was needed to trade with

Europe during the warEurope during the war

Battle of Sabine Battle of Sabine PassPass

Laredo and Red RiverLaredo and Red River In April 1864, Union soldiers tried to storm In April 1864, Union soldiers tried to storm

LaredoLaredo They wanted to burn its store of cottonThey wanted to burn its store of cotton At the Battle of Laredo, Benavides and his At the Battle of Laredo, Benavides and his

Tejano troops drove off the Union forcesTejano troops drove off the Union forces Union tried to invade Texas againUnion tried to invade Texas again They marched into Texas from Louisiana They marched into Texas from Louisiana

using the Red Riverusing the Red River Confederates won the Battle of Mansfield Confederates won the Battle of Mansfield

but fighting at Pleasant Hill ended in a but fighting at Pleasant Hill ended in a drawdraw

Battle of Battle of LaredoLaredo