CIVIL WARCIVIL WAR1861 - 18651861 - 1865

Leading to WarLeading to WarMost Southern states bought goods from Most Southern states bought goods from Europe because they were cheaper. Europe because they were cheaper.

Tariff of 1828-made goods from other Tariff of 1828-made goods from other countries more expensive than goods from countries more expensive than goods from the Norththe North

South Carolina was ready to secede South Carolina was ready to secede because of the tax on importsbecause of the tax on imports

Alexander Stephens and the Alexander Stephens and the Georgia PlatformGeorgia Platform

Alexander StephensAlexander Stephens-supported staying with -supported staying with the Union; ended up as the the Union; ended up as the Vice-President Vice-President of the Confederate States of Americaof the Confederate States of America

Georgia PlatformGeorgia Platform was when Georgia was when Georgia declared that they wanted the North to declared that they wanted the North to support the support the Fugitive Slave ActFugitive Slave Act and to stop and to stop trying to ban slavery in new states.trying to ban slavery in new states.

Fugitive Slave Act:Fugitive Slave Act: a law declaring all states a law declaring all states must help return runaway slaves to their must help return runaway slaves to their owners.owners.

Election of 1860Election of 1860Abraham Lincoln (first Republican President) Abraham Lincoln (first Republican President) elected to office. elected to office.

The south seceded because Lincoln was an The south seceded because Lincoln was an abolitionist who supported freeing Dred Scott. abolitionist who supported freeing Dred Scott. He said he would try to end the spread of He said he would try to end the spread of slavery. slavery.

SuccessionSuccessionStates that secededStates that seceded: Virginia, North and : Virginia, North and South Carolina, Tennessee, Arkansas, South Carolina, Tennessee, Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, FloridaGeorgia, Florida

The South became a separate country The South became a separate country known as the known as the Confederate States of Confederate States of America.America.

President of the new country wasJefferson DavisJefferson Davis.

Confederate States of AmericaConfederate States of America

Main IssuesMain Issues States Rights’-state interests States Rights’-state interests

were more important than that were more important than that of the national government.of the national government.

The right to have slaves and The right to have slaves and buy goods from Europe without buy goods from Europe without paying import tariffs (taxes).paying import tariffs (taxes).

UnionUnion

Main IssueMain Issue To preserve (keep) the United To preserve (keep) the United

States together as one united States together as one united country.country.

To abolish slavery.To abolish slavery.

Shots Fired-War BeginsShots Fired-War BeginsFort Sumter – April 12, 1861Fort Sumter – April 12, 1861

Confederates attacked and the Union Confederates attacked and the Union

surrendered the fort.surrendered the fort.

Union BlockadeUnion BlockadeLincoln ordered the navy to block all Lincoln ordered the navy to block all Southern ports from South Carolina to Southern ports from South Carolina to Texas (Savannah included). Texas (Savannah included).

People couldn’t sell their goods = no People couldn’t sell their goods = no money coming in to the Confederacy. money coming in to the Confederacy.

South could not get supplies from other South could not get supplies from other countries either. countries either.

Ft. Pulaski was supposed to protect Ft. Pulaski was supposed to protect Savannah…it fell to the Union after two Savannah…it fell to the Union after two days of artillery fire. days of artillery fire.

Battle of AntietamBattle of AntietamConfederate General-Robert E. LeeConfederate General-Robert E. Lee

Union General-George B. McClellanUnion General-George B. McClellan

Confederates were trying to gain control of Confederates were trying to gain control of the Union capital (Washington, D.C.)the Union capital (Washington, D.C.)

Union victoryUnion victory

Total Causalities:Total Causalities: 26,410 soldiers 26,410 soldiers

Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation Proclamation

18621862A document that stated that all A document that stated that all slaves in rebel states would be slaves in rebel states would be free, unless the Confederates free, unless the Confederates surrendered. surrendered. They didn’t, so slavery ended.They didn’t, so slavery ended.Also promised slaves freedom if Also promised slaves freedom if they joined the Union armythey joined the Union army

GettysburgGettysburg

Gettysburg, Pennsylvania-Union victoryGettysburg, Pennsylvania-Union victory

Confederate General-Robert E. LeeConfederate General-Robert E. Lee

Union General-George G. MeadeUnion General-George G. Meade

Total Casualties: 51, 112 soldiersTotal Casualties: 51, 112 soldiers

Battle of ChickamaugaBattle of Chickamauga

The Union was trying to gain the railroad The Union was trying to gain the railroad center at Chattanooga, TN.center at Chattanooga, TN.

Confederate General-Braxton Bragg won as Confederate General-Braxton Bragg won as a Confederate victorya Confederate victory

Union General- William Rosecrans; then Union General- William Rosecrans; then General Ulysses S. Grant showed up with General Ulysses S. Grant showed up with more troops. more troops.

Union ended up pushing the Confederates Union ended up pushing the Confederates out of Chattanooga anyway and the Union out of Chattanooga anyway and the Union took control of the railroad station. took control of the railroad station.

Sherman’s Atlanta BattleSherman’s Atlanta BattleFought many small battles from Fought many small battles from Chickamauga to Atlanta. Chickamauga to Atlanta.

Confederate General was Joseph Johnston Confederate General was Joseph Johnston who was replaced by John Bell Hood. who was replaced by John Bell Hood.

Union General-William T. ShermanUnion General-William T. Sherman

Sherman took over the city (factories and Sherman took over the city (factories and railroads) from Sept. 1railroads) from Sept. 1stst until November 15 until November 15thth then after all citizens had left, they set fire to then after all citizens had left, they set fire to the city. the city.

Sherman’s March to the SeaSherman’s March to the Sea

He burned everything from Atlanta to He burned everything from Atlanta to Savannah in a 60 mile wide path. Savannah in a 60 mile wide path. Destroyed all military targets and civlian Destroyed all military targets and civlian supplies including roads, farms, homes, supplies including roads, farms, homes, towns, bridges, and railroad lines. towns, bridges, and railroad lines. He wanted the people of the south to He wanted the people of the south to suffer and surrender to the Union. suffer and surrender to the Union. He reached Union-controlled Savannah He reached Union-controlled Savannah around Christmas of 1864.around Christmas of 1864.

March to the Sea continuedMarch to the Sea continued

He made that joke that he’d given He made that joke that he’d given Savannah to President Lincoln as a Savannah to President Lincoln as a Christmas present. Christmas present.

Sherman didn’t destroy Savannah Sherman didn’t destroy Savannah because the Union could use the guns and because the Union could use the guns and ammunition as well as the surplus cotton ammunition as well as the surplus cotton that was stored there. that was stored there.

The Union sold the cotton for $28 million.The Union sold the cotton for $28 million.

End of the WarEnd of the WarAfter Savannah surrendered to Sherman, After Savannah surrendered to Sherman, Robert E. Lee and the Confederate army were Robert E. Lee and the Confederate army were divided and supplies were completely cut off. divided and supplies were completely cut off.

Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Courthouse in Virginia on April at Appomattox Courthouse in Virginia on April 99thth, 1865. (only five months after Sherman’s , 1865. (only five months after Sherman’s take over of Savannah)take over of Savannah)

AndersonvilleAndersonvilleConfederate prison for captured Union Confederate prison for captured Union soldiers. soldiers. Dirty and crowded, but the only prisonDirty and crowded, but the only prisonLacked fresh water, food, and medical Lacked fresh water, food, and medical supplies, so many died. supplies, so many died. Over 13,000 Union soldiers died in Over 13,000 Union soldiers died in Andersonville Andersonville