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Civil RightsCivil Rights
Triumphs of a Triumphs of a Crusade Part IICrusade Part II
Freedom RidersFreedom Riders
Interstate Facilities were segregated Interstate Facilities were segregated the the
in the Southin the South
SNCC volunteers rode into SNCC volunteers rode into Birmingham, ALBirmingham, AL
They were pulled off and beatenThey were pulled off and beaten
Next stop: Montgomery ALNext stop: Montgomery AL
What Happened?What Happened?
• Arrived in Montgomery to a mob of Arrived in Montgomery to a mob of whiteswhites
• Riders were beaten with bats and lead Riders were beaten with bats and lead pipespipes
• Kennedy responded by sending in Kennedy responded by sending in Federal Marshalls to protect riders in Federal Marshalls to protect riders in Jackson, MississippiJackson, Mississippi
• Interstate Facilities were desegregated!Interstate Facilities were desegregated!
James MeredithJames Meredith
• Sept 30, 1962Sept 30, 1962
• Enrolled in University of MississippiEnrolled in University of Mississippi
• Governor refuses to let him in!Governor refuses to let him in!
• Kennedy sends in troops to escort Kennedy sends in troops to escort MeredithMeredith
• Gov. Says “WE WILL NEVER Gov. Says “WE WILL NEVER SURRENDER!”SURRENDER!”
What Happened?What Happened?
• 5000 soldiers, 200 arrests, and 15 5000 soldiers, 200 arrests, and 15 hours of rioting.hours of rioting.
• Meredith attended class with soldiers Meredith attended class with soldiers escorting him.escorting him.
James Meredith is escorted under heavy guard.
Army trucks roll into OxfordArmy trucks roll into Oxford
Birmingham, ALBirmingham, AL
•Known for total segregationKnown for total segregation
•King decides to test power of King decides to test power of
non violencenon violence
•11stst demonstration-King demonstration-King arrested by Police arrested by Police commissioner Bull Connorcommissioner Bull Connor
Children’s CrusadeChildren’s Crusade
•22ndnd demonstration in Birmingham demonstration in Birmingham
•Over 1000 children marchedOver 1000 children marched
•Connor arrested 959 of them!Connor arrested 959 of them!
•33rdrd demonstration televised demonstration televised nationallynationally
•Police swept marchers off their feet Police swept marchers off their feet with high pressure hoses, set attack with high pressure hoses, set attack dogs on them, clubbed marchersdogs on them, clubbed marchers
Demonstrators huddled in a doorway seek Demonstrators huddled in a doorway seek shelter from the hoses. The water is shelter from the hoses. The water is propelled at a force of one hundred pounds propelled at a force of one hundred pounds
per square inch.per square inch.
After being hit from behind and being After being hit from behind and being knocked down by the hoses, a woman is knocked down by the hoses, a woman is
picked up and rescued by a witnesspicked up and rescued by a witness
A police wrestles with a 5 year old boy A police wrestles with a 5 year old boy for the American Flag!for the American Flag!
Kennedy RespondsKennedy Responds
““Are we to say to the world-Are we to say to the world-and much more and much more
importantly to each other-importantly to each other-that this is the land of the that this is the land of the
free, except for the free, except for the Negroes?”Negroes?”
March on WashingtonMarch on Washington•August 28, 1963August 28, 1963
•People demanded the People demanded the immediate passage of a civil immediate passage of a civil rights billrights bill
•King-”I Have a Dream” speechKing-”I Have a Dream” speech
•Largest demonstration in U.S Largest demonstration in U.S up to that time.up to that time.
Civil Rights Acts of 1964Civil Rights Acts of 1964
•Johnson signed the billJohnson signed the bill
•Prohibits discrimination Prohibits discrimination
because of race, religion, because of race, religion, national origin, and national origin, and gendergender
Signing of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 by President Signing of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 by President Lyndon B. Johnson as Martin Luther King Jr. looks onLyndon B. Johnson as Martin Luther King Jr. looks on
Freedom SummerFreedom Summer
• Wanted to influence Congress to Wanted to influence Congress to pass a voting rights actpass a voting rights act
• More than a 1000 volunteers took on More than a 1000 volunteers took on the challenge to register voters.the challenge to register voters.
• Increased violence: 4 deaths, 4 Increased violence: 4 deaths, 4 critically wounded, 80 beaten and critically wounded, 80 beaten and many churches bombed and burnedmany churches bombed and burned
Bloody SundayBloody Sunday
• Response to a killing of a Response to a killing of a demonstratordemonstrator
• March led by King is from Selma, AL March led by King is from Selma, AL to Montgomery, ALto Montgomery, AL
• More than 50 milesMore than 50 miles
• March 7, 1965March 7, 1965
• More than 600 protestorsMore than 600 protestors
What Happened?What Happened?
•Televised nationallyTelevised nationally
•Police tear gassed marchersPolice tear gassed marchers
•Beaten with clubs and whippedBeaten with clubs and whipped
•In response, another march was In response, another march was plannedplanned
•This time This time over 50,000 over 50,000 people people showed up!showed up!
So what?So what?
•10 weeks after Selma march the 10 weeks after Selma march the Voting Rights Act was passed!Voting Rights Act was passed!
ButBut
The long term effects of The long term effects of segregation and discrimination segregation and discrimination
were starting to take its toll!were starting to take its toll!
Leaders who called for peace Leaders who called for peace were now challenged with were now challenged with
increasing violence.increasing violence.
